#615. Motive.—N. motive, springs of action, wellsprings of action.

reason, ground, call, principle; by end, by purpose; mainspring,

primum mobile[Lat], keystone; the why and the wherefore; pro and

con, reason why; secret motive, arriere pensee[Fr]; intention &c.

620. inducement, consideration; attraction; loadstone; magnet,

magnetism, magnetic force; allectation|, allective|; temptation,

enticement, agacerie[obs3], allurement, witchery; bewitchment,

bewitchery; charm; spell &c. 993; fascination, blandishment,

cajolery; seduction, seducement; honeyed words, voice of the

tempter, song of the Sirens forbidden fruit, golden apple.

persuasibility[obs3], persuasibleness[obs3]; attractability[obs3];

impressibility, susceptibility; softness; persuasiveness,

attractiveness; tantalization[obs3]. influence, prompting,

dictate, instance; impulse, impulsion; incitement, incitation;

press, instigation; provocation &c. (excitation of feeling) 824;

inspiration; persuasion, suasion; encouragement, advocacy;

exhortation; advice &c. 695; solicitation &c. (request) 765;

lobbyism; pull*. incentive, stimulus, spur, fillip, whip, goad,

ankus[obs3], rowel, provocative, whet, dram. bribe, lure; decoy,

decoy duck; bait, trail of a red herring; bribery and corruption;

sop, sop for Cerberus. prompter, tempter; seducer, seductor[obs3];

instigator, firebrand, incendiary; Siren, Circe; agent

provocateur; lobbyist. V. induce, move; draw, draw on; bring in

its train, give an impulse &c. n.; to; inspire; put up to, prompt,

call up; attract, beckon. stimulate &c. (excite) 824; spirit up,

inspirit; rouse, arouse; animate, incite, foment, provoke,

instigate, set on, actuate; act upon, work upon, operate upon;

encourage; pat on the back, pat on the shoulder, clap on the back,

clap on the shoulder. influence, weigh with, bias, sway, incline,

dispose, predispose, turn the scale, inoculate; lead by the nose;

have influence with, have influence over, have influence upon,

exercise influence with, exercise influence over, exercise

influence upon; go round, come round one; turn the head,

magnetize; lobby. persuade; prevail with, prevail upon; overcome,

carry; bring round to one's senses, bring to one's senses; draw

over, win over, gain over, come over, talk over; procure, enlist,

engage; invite, court. tempt, seduce, overpersuade[obs3], entice,

allure, captivate, fascinate, bewitch, carry away, charm,

conciliate, wheedle, coax, lure; inveigle; tantalize; cajole &c.

(deceive) 545. tamper with, bribe, suborn, grease the palm, bait

with a silver hook, gild the pill, make things pleasant, put a sop

into the pan, throw a sop to, bait the hook. enforce, force; impel

&c. (push) 276; propel &c. 284; whip, lash, goad, spur, prick,

urge; egg on, hound, hurry on; drag &c. 285; exhort; advise &c.

695; call upon &c. press &c. (request) 765; advocate. set an

example, set the fashion; keep in countenance. be persuaded &c.;

yield to temptation, come round; concede &c. (consent) 762; obey a

call; follow advice, follow the bent,.follow the dictates of; act

on principle. Adj. impulsive, motive; suasive, suasory[obs3],

persuasive, persuasory[obs3], hortative, hortatory; protreptical|;

inviting, tempting, &c. v.; suasive, suasory[obs3]; seductive,

attractive; fascinating &c. (pleasing) 829; provocative &c.

(exciting) 824. induced &c. v.; disposed; persuadable &c. (docile)

602; spellbound; instinct with, smitten with, infatuated; inspired

&c. v.; by. Adv. because, therefore &c. (cause) 155; from this

motive, from that motive; for this reason, for that reason; for;

by reason of, for the sake of, count of; out of, from, as,

forasmuch as. for all the world; on principle. Phr. fax mentis

incendium gloriae[Lat]; "temptation hath a music for all ears"

"to beguile many and be beguiled by one" [Willis][Othello].

#615a. Absence of Motive.—N. absence of motive, aimlessness;

#

caprice &c. 608; chance &c. (absence of design) 621.

V. have no motive; scruple &c. (be unwilling) 603.

Adj. without rhyme or reason; aimless, capricious, whimsical &c.

(chance) 621.

Adv. out of mere caprice.

#616. Dissuasion.—N. dissuasion, dehortation[obs3], expostulation,

remonstrance; deprecation &c. 766. discouragement, damper, wet blanket;

disillusionment, disenchantment. cohibition &c. (restraint) 751[obs3];

curb &c. (means of restraint) 752; check &c. (hindrance) 706.

reluctance &c. (unwillingness) 603; contraindication. V. dissuade,

dehort[obs3], cry out against, remonstrate, expostulate, warn,

contraindicate. disincline, indispose, shake, stagger; dispirit;

discourage, dishearten; deter; repress, hold back, keep back &c.

(restrain) 751; render averse &c. 603; repel; turn aside &c.

(deviation) 279; wean from; act as a drag &c. (hinder) 706; throw cold

water on, damp, cool, chill, blunt, calm, quiet, quench; deprecate &c.

766. disenchant, disillusion, deflate, take down a peg, pop one's

balloon, prick one's balloon, burst one's bubble; disabuse (correction)

527a. Adj. dissuading &c. v.; dissuasive; dehortatory[obs3],

expostulatory[obs3]; monitive|, monitory. dissuaded &c. v.; admonitory;

uninduced &c. (induce &c. 615); unpersuadable &c. (obstinate) 606;

averse &c. (unwilling) 603; repugnant &c. (dislike) 867. repressed.

#617. [Ostensible motive, ground, or reason assigned.] Pretext.—N.

pretext, pretense, pretension, plea|; allegation, advocation;

ostensible motive, ostensible ground, ostensible reason, phony reason;

excuse &c. (vindication) 937; subterfuge; color; gloss, guise, cover.

loop hole, starting hole; how to creep out of, salvo, come off; way of

escape. handle, peg to hang on, room locus standi[Lat]; stalking-horse,

cheval de bataille[Fr], cue. pretense &c. (untruth) 546; put off, dust

thrown in the eyes; blind; moonshine; mere pretext, shallow pretext;

lame excuse, lame apology; tub to a whale; false plea, sour grapes;

makeshift, shift, white lie; special pleading &c. (sophistry) 477; soft

sawder &c. (flattery) 933[obs3]. V. pretend, plead, allege; shelter

oneself under the plea of; excuse &c. (vindicate) 937; lend a color to;

furnish a handle &c. n.; make a pretext of, make a handle of; use as a

plea &c. n.; take one's stand upon, make capital out of, pretend &c.

(lie) 544. Adj. ostensibly &c. (manifest) 525; alleged, apologetic;

pretended &c. 545. Adv. ostensibly; under color; under the plea, under

the pretense of, under the guise of.

3. Objects of Volition

#618. Good.—N. good, benefit, advantage; improvement &c. 658;

greatest good, supreme good; interest, service, behoof, behalf; weal;

main chance, summum bonum[Lat], common weal; "consummation devoutly to

be wished"; gain, boot; profit, harvest. boon &c. (gift) 784; good

turn; blessing; world of good; piece of good luck[Fr], piece of good

fortune[Fr]; nuts, prize, windfall, godsend, waif, treasure-trove. good

fortune &c. (prosperity) 734; happiness &c. 827. [Source of good]

goodness &c. 648; utility &c. 644; remedy &c. 662; pleasure giving &c.

829. Adj. commendable &c. 931; useful &c. 644; good &c., beneficial &c.

648. Adv. well, aright, satisfactorily, favorably, not amis[Fr]; all

for the best; to one's advantage &c. n.; in one's favor, in one's

interest &c. n. Phr. so far so good; magnum bonum[Lat].

#619. Evil.—N. evil, ill, harm, hurt., mischief, nuisance;

#

machinations of the devil, Pandora's box, ills that flesh is heir to.

blow, buffet, stroke, scratch, bruise, wound, gash, mutilation;

mortal

blow, wound; immedicabile vulnus[Lat]; damage, loss &c. (deterioration)

659.

disadvantage, prejudice, drawback.

disaster, accident, casualty; mishap &c. (misfortune) 735; bad

job,

devil to pay; calamity, bale, catastrophe, tragedy; ruin &c.

(destruction)

162; adversity &c. 735.

mental suffering &c. 828. * demon &v[Evil spirit]. 980. bane &c.

663[Cause of evil]. badness &c. 649[Production of evil]; painfulness

&c.

830; evil doer &c. 913.

outrage, wrong, injury, foul play; bad turn, ill turn; disservice,

spoliation &c. 791; grievance, crying evil.

V. be in trouble &c. (adversity) 735.

Adj. disastrous, bad &c. 649; awry, out of joint; disadvantageous.

Adv. amis[Fr], wrong, ill, to one's cost

Phr. "moving accidents by flood and field" [Othello].

SECTION II. PROSPECTIVE VOLITION[1]

[1] That is, volition having reference to a future object.

1. Conceptional Volition

#620. Intention.—N. intent, intention, intentionality; purpose; quo

animo[Lat]; project &c. 626; undertaking &c. 676; predetermination &c.

611; design, ambition. contemplation, mind, animus, view, purview,

proposal; study; look out. final cause; raison d'etre[Fr]; cui

bono[Lat]; object, aim, end; "the be all and the end all"; drift &c.

(meaning) 516; tendency &c. 176; destination, mark, point, butt, goal,

target, bull's-eye, quintain[obs3][medeival]; prey, quarry, game.

decision, determination, resolve; fixed set purpose, settled purpose;

ultimatum; resolution &c. 604; wish &c. 865; arriere pensee[Fr]; motive

&c. 615. [Study of final causes] teleology. V. intend, purpose, design,

mean; have to; propose to oneself; harbor a design; have in view, have

in contemplation, have in one's eye, have in- petto; have an eye to.

bid for, labor for; be after, aspire after, endeavor after; be at, aim

at, drive at, point at, level at, aspire at; take aim; set before

oneself; study to. take upon oneself &c. (undertake) 676; take into

one's head; meditate, contemplate of, think of, dream of, talk of;

premeditate &c. 611; compass, calculate; destine, destinate[obs3];

propose. project &c. (plan) 626; have a mind to &c. (be willing) 602;

desire &c. 865; pursue &c. 622. Adj. intended &c. v.; intentional,

advised, express, determinate; prepense &c. 611[obs3]; bound for;

intending &c. v.; minded; bent upon &c. (earnest) 604; at stake; on the

anvil, on the tapis[obs3]; in view, in prospect, in the breast of; in

petto; teleological Adv. intentionally &c. adj.; advisedly, wittingly,

knowingly, designedly, purposely, on purpose, by design, studiously,

pointedly; with intent &c. n.; deliberately &c. (with premeditation)

611; with one's eyes open, in cold blood. for; with a view, with an eye

to; in order to, in order that; to the end that, with the intent that;

for the purpose of, with the view of, in contemplation of, on account

of. in pursuance of, pursuant to; quo animo[Lat]; to all intents and

purposes. Phr. "The road to hell is paved with good intentions"

[Johnson]; sublimi feriam sidera vertice [Lat][Horace].

#621. [Absence of purpose in the succession of events] Chance. 2—N.

chance &c. 156; lot, fate &c. (necessity) 601; luck; good luck &c.

(good) 618; mascot. speculation, venture, stake, game of chance; mere

shot, random shot; blind bargain, leap in the dark; pig in a poke &c.

(uncertainty) 475; fluke, potluck; faro bank; flyer*; limit.

uncertainty; uncertainty principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

drawing lots; sortilegy[obs3], sortition|; sortes[obs3], sortes

Virgilianae[obs3]; rouge et noir[Fr], hazard, ante, chuck-a-luck,

crack-loo [obs3][U.S.], craps, faro, roulette, pitch and toss, chuck,

farthing, cup tossing, heads or tails cross and pile, poker-dice;

wager; bet, betting; gambling; the turf. gaming house, gambling house,

betting house; bucket shop; gambling joint; totalizator, totalizer;

hell; betting ring; dice, dice box. [person who takes chances] gambler,

gamester; man of the turf; adventurer; dicer|!. V. chance &c. (hap)

156; stand a chance &c. (be possible) 470. toss up; cast lots, draw

lots; leave to chance, trust to chance, leave to the chapter of

accidents, trust to the chapter of accidents; tempt fortune; chance it,

take one's chance, take a shot at it (attempt) 675; run the risk, run

the chance, incur the risk, incur the chance, encounter the risk,

encounter the chance; stand the hazard of the die. speculate, try one's

luck, set on a cast, raffle, put into a lottery, buy a pig in a poke,

shuffle the cards. risk, venture, hazard, stake; ante; lay, lay a

wager; make a bet, wager, bet, gamble, game, play for; play at chuck

farthing. Adj. fortuitous &c. 156; unintentional, unintended;

accidental; not meant; undesigned, purposed; unpremeditated &c. 612;

unforeseen, uncontemplated, never thought of. random, indiscriminate,

promiscuous; undirected; aimless, driftless[obs3], designless[obs3],

purposeless, causeless; without purpose. possible &c. 470.

unforeseeable, unpredictable, chancy, risky, speculative, dicey. Adv.

randomly, by chance, fortuitously; unpredictably, unforeseeably;

casually &c. 156; unintentionally &c. adj.; unwittingly. en

passant[Fr], by the way, incidentally; as it may happen; at random, at

a venture, at haphazard. Phr. acierta errando[Lat]; dextro

tempore[Lat]; "fearful concatenation of circumstances" [D. Webster];

"fortuitous combination of circumstances" [Dickens]; le jeu est le fils

d'avarice et le pere du desespoir[Fr]; "the happy combination of

fortuitous circumstances" [Scott]; "the fortuitous or casual concourse

of atoms" [Bentley]; "God does not play dice with the universe" [A.

Einstein].

#622. [Purpose in action.] Pursuit—N. pursuit; pursuing &c. v.;

prosecution; pursuance; enterprise &c. (undertaking) 676; business &c.

625; adventure &c. (essay) 675; quest &c. (search) 461; scramble, hue

and cry, game; hobby; still-hunt. chase, hunt, battue[obs3], race,

steeple chase, hunting, coursing; venation, venery; fox chase; sport,

sporting; shooting, angling, fishing, hawking; shikar[Geogloc:India].

pursuer; hunter, huntsman; shikari[Geogloc:India], sportsman, Nimrod;

hound &c. 366. V. pursue, prosecute, follow; run after, make after, be

after, hunt after, prowl after; shadow; carry on &c. (do) 680; engage

in &c. (undertake) 676; set about &c. (begin) 66; endeavor &c. 675;

court &c. (request) 765 seek &c. (search) 461; aim at &c. (intention)

620; follow the trail &c. (trace) 461; fish for &c. (experiment) 463;

press on &c. (haste) 684; run a race &c. (velocity) 274. chase, give

chase, course, dog, hunt, hound; tread on the heels, follow on the

heels of, &c. (sequence) 281. rush upon; rush headlong &c. (violence)

173 ride full tilt at, run full tilt at; make a leap at, jump at,

snatch at run down; start game. tread a path; take a course, hold- a

course; shape one's steps, direct one's steps, bend one's steps,

course; play a game; fight one's way, elbow one's way; follow up; take

to, take up; go in for; ride one's hobby. Adj. pursuing &c. v.; in

quest of &c. (inquiry) 461 in pursuit, in full cry, in hot pursuit; on

the scent. Adv. in pursuance of &c. (intention) 620; after. Int.

tallyho! yoicks! soho[obs3]!

#623. [Absence of pursuit.] Avoidance.—N. abstention, abstinence;

for bearance[obs3]; refraining &c. v.; inaction &c. 681; neutrality.

avoidance, evasion, elusion; seclusion &c. 893. avolation|, flight;

escape &c. 671; retreat &c. 287; recoil &c. 277; departure &c. 293;

rejection &c. 610. shirker &c. v.; truant; fugitive, refugee; runaway,

runagate; maroon. V. abstain, refrain, spare, not attempt; not do &c.

681; maintain the even tenor of one's way. eschew, keep from, let

alone, have nothing to do with; keep aloof keep off, stand aloof, stand

off, hold aloof, hold off; take no part in, have no hand in. avoid,

shun; steer clear of, keep clear of; fight shy of; keep one's distance,

keep at a respectful distance; keep out of the way, get out of the way;

evade, elude, turn away from; set one's face against &c. (oppose) 708;

deny oneself. shrink back; hang back, hold back, draw back; recoil &c.

277; retire &c. (recede) 287; flinch, blink, blench, shy, shirk, dodge,

parry, make way for, give place to. beat a retreat; turn tail, turn

one's back; take to one's heels; runaway, run for one's life; cut and

run; be off like a shot; fly, flee; fly away, flee away, run away from;

take flight, take to flight; desert, elope; make off, scamper off,

sneak off, shuffle off, sheer off; break away, tear oneself away, slip

away, slink away, steel away, make away from, scamper away from, sneak

away from, shuffle away from, sheer away from; slip cable, part

company, turn one's heel; sneak out of, play truant, give one the go

by, give leg bail, take French leave, slope, decamp, flit, bolt,

abscond, levant, skedaddle, absquatulate [obs3][U.S.], cut one's stick,

walk one's chalks, show a light pair of heels, make oneself scarce;

escape &c. 671; go away &c. (depart) 293; abandon &c. 624; reject &c.

610. lead one a dance, lead one a pretty dance; throw off the scent,

play at hide and seek. Adj. unsought, unattempted; avoiding &c. v.;

neutral, shy of &c. (unwilling) 603; elusive, evasive; fugitive,

runaway; shy, wild. Adj. lest, in order to avoid. Int. forbear! keep

off, hands off! sauve qui peut[Fr]! [French: every man for himself];

devil take the hindmost! Phr. "things unattempted yet in prose or

rhyme" [Paradise Lost].

#624. Relinquishment.—N. relinquishment, abandonment; desertion,

defection, secession, withdrawal; cave of Adullam[obs3]; nolle

prosequi[Lat]. discontinuance &c. (cessation) 142; renunciation &c.

(recantation) 607; abrogation &c. 756; resignation &c. (retirement)

757; desuetude &c. 614; cession &c. (of property) 782. V. relinquish,

give up, abandon, desert, forsake, leave in the lurch; go back on;

depart from, secede from, withdraw from; back out of; leave, quit, take

leave of, bid a long farewell; vacate &c. (resign) 757. renounce &c

(abjure) 607; forego, have done with, drop; disuse &c. 678; discard &c.

782; wash one's hands of; drop all idea of. break off, leave off;

desist; stop &c. (cease) 142; hold one's hand, stay one's hand; quit

one's hold; give over, shut up shop. throw up the game, throw up the

cards; give up the point, give up the argument; pass to the order of

the day, move to the previous question. Adj. unpursued[obs3];

relinquished &c. v.; relinquishing &c. v. Int. avast! &c. (stop) 142.

Phr. aufgeschoben ist nicht aufgehoben[Ger]; entbehre gern was du nicht

hast[Ger].

#625. Business.—N. business, occupation, employment; pursuit &c.

622; what one is doing, what one is about; affair, concern, matter,

case. matter in hand, irons in the fire; thing to do, agendum, task,

work, job, chore [U.S.], errand, commission, mission, charge, care;

duty &c. 926. part, role, cue; province, function, lookout, department,

capacity, sphere, orb, field, line; walk, walk of life; beat, round,

routine; race, career. office, place, post, chargeship[obs3],

incumbency, living; situation, berth, employ; service &c. (servitude)

749; engagement; undertaking &c. 676. vocation, calling, profession,

cloth, faculty; industry, art; industrial arts; craft, mystery,

handicraft; trade &c. (commerce) 794. exercise; work &c. (action) 680;

avocation; press of business &c. (activity) 682. V. pass one's time

in, employ one's time in, spend one's time in; employ oneself in,

employ oneself upon; occupy oneself with, concern oneself with; make it

one's business &c. n.; undertake &c. 676; enter a profession; betake

oneself to, turn one's hand to; have to do with &c. (do) 680. office,

place, post, chargeship[obs3], incumbency, living; situation, berth,

employ; service &c. (servitude) 749; engagement; undertaking &c. 676.

drive a trade; carry on a trade, do a trade, transact a trade, carry on

business, do business, transact business &c. n.; keep a shop; ply one's

task, ply one's trade; labor in one's vocation; pursue the even tenor

of one's way; attend to business, attend to one's work. officiate,

serve, act; act one's part, play one's part; do duty; serve the office

of, discharge the office of, perform the office of, perform the duties

of, perform the functions of; hold an office, fill an office, fill a

place, fill a situation; hold a portfolio, hold a place, hold a

situation. be about, be doing, be engaged in, be employed in, be

occupied with, be at work on; have one's hands in, have in hand; have

on one's hands, have on one's shoulders; bear the burden; have one's

hands full &c. (activity) 682. be in the hands of, be on the stocks, be

on the anvil; pass through one's hands. Adj. businesslike; workaday;

professional; official, functional; busy &c. (actively employed) 682;

on hand, in hand, in one's hands; afoot; on foot, on the anvil; going

on; acting. Adv. in the course of business, all in one's day's work;

professionally &c. Adj. Phr. "a business with an income at its heels"

[Cowper]; amoto quaeramus seria ludo [Lat][Horace]; par negotiis neque

supra [Lat][Tacitus].

#626. Plan.—N. plan, scheme, design, project; proposal,

proposition, suggestion; resolution, motion; precaution &c. (provision)

673; deep-laid plan &c. (premeditated) 611; system &c. (order) 58;

organization &c. (arrangement) 60; germ &c. (cause) 153. sketch,

skeleton, outline, draught, draft, ebauche[Fr], brouillon[Fr]; rough

cast, rough draft, draught copy; copy; proof, revise. drawing, scheme,

schematic, graphic, chart, flow chart (representation) 554. forecast,

program(me), prospectus; carte du pays[Fr]; card; bill, protocol; order

of the day, list of agenda; bill of fare &c. (food) 298; base of

operations; platform, plank, slate [U. S.], ticket [U. S.]. role;

policy &c. (line of conduct) 692. contrivance, invention, expedient,

receipt, nostrum, artifice, device; pipelaying [U. S.]; stratagem &c.

(cunning) 702; trick &c. (deception) 545; alternative, loophole; shift

&c. (substitute) 147; last shift &c. (necessity) 601. measure, step;

stroke, stroke of policy; master stroke; trump card, court card; cheval

de bataille[Fr], great gun; coup, coup d'etat[Fr]; clever stroke, bold

stroke, good move, good hit, good stroke; bright thought, bright idea.

intrigue, cabal, plot, conspiracy, complot[obs3], machination; subplot,

underplot[obs3], counterplot. schemer, schemist[obs3], schematist|;

strategist, machinator; projector, artist, promoter, designer &c. v.;

conspirator; intrigant &c. (cunning) 702[obs3]. V. plan,,scheme,

design, frame, contrive, project, forecast, sketch; devise, invent &c.

(imagine) 515; set one's wits to work &c. 515; spring a project; fall

upon, hit upon; strike out, chalk out, cut out, lay out, map out; lay

down a plan; shape out a course, mark out a course; predetermine &c.

611; concert, preconcert, preestablish; prepare &c. 673; hatch, hatch a

plot concoct; take steps, take measures. cast, recast, systematize,

organize; arrange &c. 60; digest, mature. plot; counter-plot,

counter-mine; dig a mine; lay a train; intrigue &c. (cunning) 702. Adj.

planned &c. v.; strategic, strategical; planning &c. v.; prepared, in

course of preparation &c. 673; under consideration; on the tapis[obs3],

on the carpet, on the floor.

#627. Method. [Path.]—N. method, way, manner, wise, gait, form,

mode, fashion, tone, guise; modus operandi, MO; procedure &c. (line of

conduct) 692. path, road, route, course; line of way, line of road;

trajectory, orbit, track, beat, tack. steps; stair, staircase; flight

of stairs, ladder, stile; perron[obs3]. bridge, footbridge, viaduct,

pontoon, steppingstone, plank, gangway; drawbridge; pass, ford, ferry,

tunnel; pipe &c. 260. door; gateway &c. (opening) 260; channel,

passage, avenue, means of access, approach, adit[obs3]; artery, lane,

alley, aisle, lobby, corridor; back-door, back-stairs; secret passage;

covert way; vennel[obs3]. roadway, pathway, stairway; express;

thoroughfare; highway; turnpike, freeway, royal road, coach road;

broad highway, King's highway, Queen's highway; beaten track, beaten

path; horse road, bridle road, bridle track, bridle path; walk,

trottoir[obs3], footpath, pavement, flags, sidewalk; crossroad, byroad,

bypath, byway; cut; short cut &c. (mid-course) 628; carrefour[obs3];

private road, occupation road; highways and byways; railroad, railway,

tram road, tramway; towpath; causeway; canal &c. (conduit) 350; street

&c. (abode) 189; speedway. adv. how; in what way, in what manner; by

what mode; so, in this way, after this fashion. one way or another,

anyhow; somehow or other &c. (instrumentality) 631; by way of; via; in

transitu &c. 270[Lat]; on the high road to. Phr. hae tibi erunt

artes[Lat].

#628. Mid-course.—N. middle course, midcourse; mean &c. 29 middle

#

&c. 68; juste milieu[Fr], mezzo termine[It], golden mean,

ἄριστον μέτρον[obs3][Grk], aurea mediocritas[Lat].

straight &c. (direct) 278 straight course, straight path; short

cut,

cross cut; great circle sailing.

neutrality; half measure, half and half measures; compromise.

V. keep in a middle course, preserve a middle course, preserve an

even

course, go straight &c. (direct) 278.

go halfway, compromise, make a compromise.

Adj. straight &c. (direct) 278.

Phr. medium tenuere beati[Lat].

#629. Circuit.—N. circuit, roundabout way, digression, detour,

#

circumbendibus, ambages[obs3], loop; winding &c. (circuition)

311[obs3];

zigzag &c. (deviation) 279.

V. perform a circuit; go round about, go out of one's way; make a

detour; meander &c. (deviate) 279.

lead a pretty dance; beat about the bush; make two bites of a

cherry.

Adj. circuitous, indirect, roundabout; zigzag &c. (deviating) 279;

backhanded.

Adv. by a side wind, by an indirect course; in a roundabout way;

from

pillar to post.

#630. Requirement.—N. requirement, need, wants, necessities;

#

necessaries, necessaries of life; stress, exigency, pinch, sine qua

non,

matter of necessity; case of need, case of life or death.

needfulness, essentiality, necessity, indispensability, urgency.

requisition &c. (request) 765, (exaction) 741; run upon; demand,

call

for.

charge, claim, command, injunction, mandate, order, precept.

desideratum &c. (desire) 865; want &c. (deficiency) 640.

V. require, need, want, have occasion for; not be able to do

without,

not be able to dispense with; prerequire[obs3].

render necessary, necessitate, create a, necessity for, call for,

put

in requisition; make a requisition &c. (ask for) 765, (demand) 741.

stand in need of; lack &c. 640; desiderate[obs3]; desire &c. 865;

be

necessary &c. Adj.

Adj. required &c. v.; requisite, needful, necessary, imperative,

essential, indispensable, prerequisite; called for; in demand, in

request.

urgent, exigent, pressing, instant, crying, absorbing.

in want of; destitute of &c. 640.

Adv. ex necessitate rei &c. (necessarily) 601[Lat]; of necessity.

Phr. there is no time to lose; it cannot be spared, it cannot be

dispensed with; mendacem memorem esse oportet [Lat][Quintilian];

necessitas

non habet legem[Lat]; nec tecum possum trivere nec sine te

[Lat][Martial].

2. Subservience to Ends

_1. Actual Subservience_

#631. Instrumentality.—N. instrumentality; aid &c. 707;

subservience, subserviency; mediation, intervention, medium,

intermedium[obs3], vehicle, hand; agency &c. 170. minister, handmaid;

midwife, accoucheur[Fr], accoucheuse[Fr], obstetrician; gobetween;

cat's-paw; stepping-stone. opener &c. 260; key; master key, passkey,

latchkey; "open sesame"; passport, passe-partout, safe-conduct,

password. instrument &c. 633; expedient &c. (plan) 626; means &c. 632.

V. subserve, minister, mediate, intervene; be instrumental &c. adj.;

pander to; officiate; tend. Adj. instrumental; useful &c. 644;

ministerial, subservient, mediatorial[obs3]; intermediate, intervening;

conducive. Adv. through, by, per; whereby, thereby, hereby; by the

agency of &c. 170; by dint of; by virtue of, in virtue of; through the

medium of &c. n.; along with; on the shoulders of; by means of &c. 632;

by the aid of, with the aid of &c. (assistance) 707.

per fas et nefas[Lat], by fair means or foul; somehow, somehow or

other; by hook or by crook.

#632. Means.—N. means, resources, wherewithal, ways and means;

capital &c. (money) 800; revenue; stock in trade &c. 636; provision &c.

637; a shot in the locker; appliances &c. (machinery) 633; means and

appliances; conveniences; cards to play; expedients &c. (measures) 626;

two strings to one's bow; sheet anchor &c. (safety) 666; aid &c. 707;

medium &c. 631. V. find means, have means, possess means &c. n. Adj.

instrumental &c. 631; mechanical &c. 633. Adv. by means of, with; by

what means, by all means, by any means, by some means; wherewith,

herewith, therewith; wherewithal. how &c. (in what manner) 627; through

&c. (by the instrumentality of) 631; with the aid of, by the aid of &c.

(assistance) 707; by the agency of &c. 170

#633. Instrument.—N. machinery, mechanism, engineering.

instrument, organ, tool, implement, utensil, machine, engine,

lathe, gin, mill; air engine, caloric engine, heat engine. gear;

tackle, tackling, rig, rigging, apparatus, appliances; plant,

materiel; harness, trappings, fittings, accouterments;

barde[obs3]; equipment, equipmentage[obs3]; appointments,

furniture, upholstery; chattels; paraphernalia &c. (belongings)

780. mechanical powers; lever, leverage; mechanical advantage;

crow, crowbar; handspike[obs3], gavelock[obs3], jemmy[obs3],

jimmy, arm, limb, wing; oar, paddle; pulley; wheel and axle;

wheelwork, clockwork; wheels within wheels; pinion, crank, winch;

cam; pedal; capstan &c. (lift) 307; wheel &c. (rotation) 312;

inclined plane; wedge; screw; spring, mainspring; can hook, glut,

heald[obs3], heddle[obs3], jenny, parbuckle[obs3], sprag[obs3],

water wheel. handle, hilt, haft, shaft, heft, shank, blade,

trigger, tiller, helm, treadle, key; turnscrew, screwdriver;

knocker. hammer &c. (impulse) 276; edge tool &c. (cut) 253; borer

&c. 262; vice, teeth, &c. (hold) 781; nail, rope &c. (join) 45;

peg &c. (hang) 214; support &c. 215; spoon &c. (vehicle) 272; arms

&c. 727; oar &c. (navigation) 267; cardiograph, recapper[obs3],

snowplow, tenpenny[obs3], votograph[obs3]. Adj. instrumental &c.

631; mechanical, machinal[obs3]; brachial[Med].

#634. Substitute.—N. substitute &c. 147; deputy &c. 759;

badli[obs3].

#635. Materials.—N. material, raw material, stuff, stock, staple;

adobe, brown stone; chinking; clapboard; daubing; puncheon; shake;

shingle, bricks and mortar; metal; stone; clay, brick crockery &c. 384;

compo, composition; concrete; reinforced concrete, cement; wood, ore,

timber. materials; supplies, munition, fuel, grist, household stuff

pabulum &c. (food) 298; ammunition &c. (arms) 727; contingents; relay,

reinforcement, reenforcement[obs3]; baggage &c. (personal property)

780; means &c. 632; calico, cambric, cashmere. Adj. raw &c.

(unprepared) 674; wooden &c. n.; adobe.

#636. Store.—N. stock, fund, mine, vein, lode, quarry; spring;

fount, fountain; well, wellspring; milch cow. stock in trade, supply;

heap &c. (collection) 72; treasure; reserve, corps de reserve, reserved

fund, nest egg, savings, bonne bouche[Fr]. crop, harvest, mow, vintage.

store, accumulation, hoard, rick, stack; lumber; relay &c. (provision)

637. storehouse, storeroom, storecloset[obs3]; depository, depot,

cache, repository, reservatory[obs3], repertory; repertorium[obs3];

promptuary[obs3], warehouse, entrepot[Fr], magazine; buttery, larder,

spence[obs3]; garner, granary; cannery, safe-deposit vault,

stillroom[obs3]; thesaurus; bank &c. (treasury) 802; armory; arsenal;

dock; gallery, museum, conservatory; menagery[obs3], menagerie.

reservoir, cistern, aljibar[obs3], tank, pond, mill pond;

gasometer[obs3].

budget, quiver, bandolier, portfolio; coffer &c. (receptacle) 191.

conservation; storing &c. v.; storage.

V. store; put by, lay by, set by; stow away; set apart, lay apart;

store treasure, hoard treasure, lay up, heap up, put up, garner up,

save

up; bank; cache; accumulate, amass, hoard, fund, garner, save.

reserve; keep back, hold back; husband, husband one's resources.

deposit; stow, stack, load; harvest; heap, collect &c. 72; lay in

store &c.

Adj.; keep, file [papers]; lay in &c. (provide) 637; preserve &c.

670.

Adj. stored &c. v.; in store, in reserve, in ordinary; spare,

supernumerary.

Phr. adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit[Lat].

#637. Provision.—N. provision, supply; grist, grist for the mill;

#

subvention &c. (aid) 707; resources &c. (means) 632; groceries,

grocery.

providing &c. v.; purveyance; reinforcement, reenforcement[obs3];

commissariat.

provender &c. (food) 298; ensilage; viaticum.

caterer, purveyor, commissary, quartermaster, manciple[obs3],

feeder,

batman, victualer, grocer, comprador[Sp], restaurateur; jackal,

pelican;

sutler &c. (merchant) 797[obs3].

grocery shop [U. S.], grocery store.

V. provide; make provision, make due provision for; lay in, lay in

a

stock, lay in a store.

supply, suppeditate|; furnish; find, find one in; arm.

cater, victual, provision, purvey, forage; beat up for; stock,

stock

with; make good, replenish; fill, fill up; recruit, feed.

have in store, have in reserve; keep, keep by one, keep on foot,

keep

on hand; have to fall back upon; store &c. 636; provide against a rainy

day

&c. (economy) 817.

#638. Waste.—N. consumption, expenditure, exhaustion; dispersion

&c. 73; ebb; leakage &c. (exudation) 295; loss &c. 776; wear and tear;

waste; prodigality &c. 818; misuse &c. 679; wasting &c. v.; rubbish &c.

(useless) 645. mountain in labor. V. spend, expend, use, consume,

swallow up, exhaust; impoverish; spill, drain, empty; disperse &c. 73.

cast away, fool away, muddle away, throw away, fling away, fritter

away; burn the candle at both ends, waste; squander &c. 818. "waste its

sweetness on the desert air" [Gray]; cast one's bread upon the waters,

cast pearls before swine; employ a steam engine to crack a nut, waste

powder and shot, break a butterfly on a wheel; labor in vain &c.

(useless) 645; cut blocks with a razor, pour water into a sieve. leak

&c. (run out) 295; run to waste; ebb; melt away, run dry, dry up. Adj.

wasted &c. v.; at a low ebb. wasteful &c. (prodigal) 818; penny wise

and pound foolish. Phr. magno conatu magnas nugas[Lat]; le jeu ne vaut

pas la chandelle[Fr]; "idly busy rolls their world away" [Goldsmith].

#639. Sufficiency.—N. sufficiency, adequacy, enough, withal,

satisfaction, competence; no less; quantum sufficit[Lat], Q.S..

mediocrity &c. (average) 29. fill; fullness &c. (completeness) 52;

plenitude, plenty; abundance; copiousness &c. Adj.; amplitude, galore,

lots, profusion; full measure; "good measure pressed down and running,

over." luxuriance &c. (fertility) 168; affluence &c. (wealth) 803; fat

of the land; "a land flowing with milk and honey"; cornucopia; horn of

plenty, horn of Amalthaea; mine &c. (stock) 636. outpouring; flood &c.

(great quantity) 31; tide &c. (river) 348; repletion &c. (redundancy)

641; satiety &c. 869. V. be sufficient &c. Adj.; suffice, do, just do,

satisfy, pass muster; have enough &c. n.; eat. one's fill, drink one's

fill, have one's fill; roll in, swim in; wallow in &c. (superabundance)

641; wanton. abound, exuberate, teem, flow, stream, rain, shower down;

pour, pour in; swarm; bristle with; superabound. render sufficient &c.

Adj.; replenish &c. (fill) 52. Adj. sufficient, enough, adequate, up to

the mark, commensurate, competent, satisfactory, valid, tangible.

measured; moderate &c. (temperate) 953. full.&c. (complete) 52; ample;

plenty, plentiful, plenteous; plenty as blackberries; copious,

abundant; abounding &c. v.; replete, enough and to spare, flush;

choke-full, chock-full; well-stocked, well-provided; liberal;

unstinted, unstinting; stintless[obs3]; without stint; unsparing,

unmeasured; lavish &c. 641; wholesale. rich; luxuriant &c. (fertile)

168; affluent &c. (wealthy) 803; wantless[obs3]; big with &c.

(pregnant) 161. unexhausted[obs3], unwasted[obs3]; exhaustless,

inexhaustible. Adv. sufficiently, amply &c. Adj.; full; in abundance

&c. n. with no sparing hand; to one's heart's content, ad libitum,

without stint. Phr. "cut and come again" [Crabbe]; das Beste ist gut

genug[Ger].

#640. Insufficiency.—N. insufficiency; inadequacy, inadequateness;

incompetence &c. (impotence) 158; deficiency &c. (incompleteness) 53;

imperfection &c. 651; shortcoming &c. 304; paucity; stint; scantiness

&c. (smallness) 32; none to spare, bare subsistence. scarcity, dearth;

want, need, lack, poverty, exigency; inanition, starvation, famine,

drought. dole, mite, pittance; short allowance, short commons; half

rations; banyan day. emptiness, poorness &c. Adj.; depletion, vacancy,

flaccidity; ebb tide; low water; "a beggarly account of empty boxes"

[Romeo and Jul.]; indigence &c. 804; insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808.

V. be insufficient &c. Adj.; not suffice &c. 639; come short of &c. 304

run dry. want, lack, need, require; caret; be in want &c. (poor) 804,

live from hand to mouth. render insufficient &c. Adj.; drain of

resources, impoverish &c. (waste) 638; stint &c. (begrudge) 819; put on

short allowance. do insufficiently &c. adv.; scotch the snake. Adj.

insufficient, inadequate; too little &c. 32; not enough &c. 639;

unequal to; incompetent &c. (impotent) 158; "weighed in the balance and

found wanting"; perfunctory &c. (neglect) 460; deficient &c.

(incomplete) 53; wanting, &c. v.; imperfect &c. 651; ill-furnished,

ill-provided, ill- stored, ill-off. slack, at a low ebb; empty, vacant,

bare; short of, out of, destitute of, devoid of, bereft of &c. 789;

denuded of; dry, drained. unprovided, unsupplied[obs3], unfurnished;

unreplenished, unfed[obs3]; unstored[obs3], untreasured[obs3];

empty-handed. meager, poor, thin, scrimp, sparing, spare, stinted;

starved, starving; halfstarved, famine-stricken, famished; jejune.

scant &c. (small) 32; scarce; not to be had, not to be had for love or

money, not to be had at any price; scurvy; stingy &c. 819; at the end

of one's tether; without resources &c. 632; in want &c. (poor) 804; in

debt &c. 806. Adv. insufficiently &c. Adj.; in default of, for want of;

failing. Phr. semper avarus eget [Lat][Horace].

#641. Redundancy.—N. redundancy, redundance[obs3]; too much, too

many; superabundance, superfluity, superfluence|, saturation;

nimiety[obs3], transcendency, exuberance, profuseness; profusion &c.

(plenty) 639; repletion, enough in all conscience, satis superque[Lat],

lion's share; more than enough &c. 639; plethora, engorgement,

congestion, load, surfeit, sickener[obs3]; turgescence &c. (expansion)

194[obs3]; overdose, overmeasure[obs3], oversupply, overflow;

inundation &c. (water) 348; avalanche. accumulation &c. (store) 636;

heap &c. 72; drug, drug in the market; glut; crowd; burden. excess;

surplus, overplus[obs3]; epact[obs3]; margin; remainder &c. 40;

duplicate; surplusage[obs3], expletive; work of supererogation; bonus,

bonanza. luxury; intemperance &c. 954; extravagance &c. (prodigality)

818; exorbitance, lavishment[obs3]. pleonasm &c. (diffuseness) 573; too

many irons in the fire; embarras de richesses[Fr]. V. superabound,

overabound[obs3]; know no bounds, swarm; meet one at every turn; creep

with, crawl with, bristle with; overflow; run over, flow over, well

over, brim over; run riot; overrun, overstock, overlay, overcharge,

overdose, overfeed, overburden, overload, overdo, overwhelm, overshoot

the mark &c. (go beyond) 303; surcharge, supersaturate, gorge, glut,

load, drench, whelm, inundate, deluge, flood; drug, drug the market;

hepatize[obs3].

choke, cloy, accloy[obs3], suffocate; pile up, lay on thick;

impregnate with; lavish &c. (squander) 818. send coals to

Newcastle, carry coals to Newcastle, carry owls to Athens[obs3];

teach one's grandmother to suck eggs; pisces natare docere[Lat];

kill the slain, "gild refined gold", "gild the lily", butter one's

bread on both sides, put butter upon bacon; employ a steam engine

to crack a nut &c. (waste) 638. exaggerate &c. 549; wallow in roll

in &c. (plenty) 639 remain on one's hands, hang heavy on hand, go

a begging. Adj. redundant; too much, too many; exuberant,

inordinate, superabundant, excessive, overmuch, replete, profuse,

lavish; prodigal &c. 818; exorbitant; overweening; extravagant;

overcharged &c. v.; supersaturated, drenched, overflowing; running

over, running to waste, running down. crammed to overflowing,

filled to overflowing; gorged, ready to burst; dropsical, turgid,

plethoric; obese &c. 194. superfluous, unnecessary, needless,

supervacaneous|, uncalled for, to spare, in excess; over and above

&c. (remainder) 40; de trop[Fr]; adscititious &c. (additional) 37;

supernumerary &c. (reserve) 636; on one's hands, spare, duplicate,

supererogatory, expletive; un peu fort[Fr]. Adv. over, too, over

and above; overmuch, too much; too far; without measure, beyond

measure, out of measure; with . . . to spare; over head and ears;

up to one's eyes, up to one's ears; extra; beyond the mark &c.

(transcursion) 303; acervatim [Lat]. Phr. it never rains but it

pours; fortuna multis dat nimium nulli satis [Lat].

_2. Degree of Subservience_

#642. Importance.—N. importance, consequence, moment, prominence,

consideration, mark, materialness. import, significance, concern;

emphasis, interest. greatness &c. 31; superiority &c. 33; notability

&c. (repute) 873; weight &c. (influence) 175; value &c. (goodness) 648;

usefulness &c. 644. gravity, seriousness, solemnity; no joke, no

laughing matter; pressure, urgency, stress; matter of life and death.

memorabilia, notabilia[obs3], great doings; red-letter day. great

thing, great point; main chance, "the be all and the end all"

[Macbeth]; cardinal point; substance, gist &c. (essence) 5; sum and

substance, gravamen, head and front; important part, principal part,

prominent part, essential part; half the battle; sine qua non; breath

of one's nostrils &c. (life) 359;cream, salt, core, kernel, heart,

nucleus; keynote, keystone; corner stone; trump card &c. (device) 626;

salient points. top sawyer, first fiddle, prima donna[Sp], chief;

triton among the minnows; "it" [U.S.]. V. be important &c. adj., be

somebody, be something; import, signify, matter, boot, be an object;

carry weight &c. (influence) 175; make a figure &c. (repute) 873; be in

the ascendant, come to the front, lead the way, take the lead, play

first fiddle, throw all else into the shade; lie at the root of;

deserve notice, merit notice, be worthy of notice, be worthy of regard,

be worthy of consideration. attach importance to, ascribe importance

to, give importance to &c. n.; value, care for, set store upon, set

store by; mark &c. 550; mark with a white stone, underline; write in

italics, put in italics, print in italics, print in capitals, print in

large letters, put in large type, put in letters. of gold; accentuate,

emphasize, lay stress on. make a fuss about, make a fuss over, make a

stir about, make a piece of work about[Fr], make much ado about; make

much ado of, make much of. Adj. important; of importance &c. n.;

momentous, material; to the point; not to be overlooked, not to be

despised, not to be sneezed at; egregious; weighty &c. (influential)

175; of note &c. (repute) 873; notable, prominent, salient, signal;

memorable, remarkable; unforgettable; worthy of remark, worthy of

notice; never to be forgotten; stirring, eventful. grave, serious,

earnest, noble, grand, solemn, impressive, commanding, imposing.

urgent, pressing, critical, instant. paramount, essential, vital,

all-absorbing, radical, cardinal, chief, main, prime, primary,

principal, leading, capital, foremost, overruling; of vital &c.

importance. in the front rank, first-rate; superior &c. 33;

considerable &c. (great) 31; marked &c. v.; rare &c. 137. significant,

telling, trenchant, emphatic, pregnant; tanti[Lat]. Adv. materially &c.

adj.; in the main; above all, κατ’ ἐξοχήν, par excellence, to crown

all, to beat all. Phr. expende Hannibalem![Lat] [Juvenal].

#643. Unimportance.—N. unimportance, insignificance, nothingness,

immateriality. triviality, levity, frivolity; paltriness &c. Adj.;

poverty; smallness &c. 32; vanity &c. (uselessness) 645; matter of

indifference &c. 866; no object. nothing, nothing to signify,, nothing

worth speaking of, nothing particular, nothing to boast of, nothing to

speak of; small matter, no great matter, trifling matter &c. Adj.; mere

joke, mere nothing; hardly anything; scarcely anything; nonentity,

small beer, cipher; no great shakes, peu de chose[Fr]; child's play,

kinderspiel. toy, plaything, popgun, paper pellet, gimcrack, gewgaw,

bauble, trinket, bagatelle, Rickshaw, knickknack, whim-wham, trifle,

"trifles light as air"; yankee notions [U. S.]. trumpery, trash,

rubbish, stuff, fatras[obs3], frippery; "leather or prunello"; chaff,

drug, froth bubble smoke, cobweb; weed; refuse &c. (inutility) 645;

scum &c. (dirt) 653. joke, jest, snap of the fingers; fudge &c.

(unmeaning) 517; fiddlestick[obs3], fiddlestick end[obs3]; pack of

nonsense, mere farce. straw, pin, fig, button, rush; bulrush, feather,

halfpenny, farthing, brass farthing, doit[obs3], peppercorn, jot, rap,

pinch of snuff, old son; cent, mill, picayune, pistareen[obs3], red

cent [U.S.].

minutiae, details, minor details, small fry; dust in the balance,

feather in the scale, drop in the ocean, flea-bite, molehill. nine

days' wonder, ridiculus mus[Lat]; flash in the pan &c. (impotence)

158; much ado about nothing &c. (overestimation) 482. V. be

unimportant &c. Adj.; not matter &c. 642; go for nothing, matter

nothing, signify nothing, matter little, matter little or nothing;

not matter a straw &c. n. make light of &c. (underestimate) 483;

catch at straws &c. (overestimate) 482. Adj. unimportant; of

little account, of small account, of no account, of little

importance, of no importance &c. 642; immaterial; unessential,

nonessential; indifferent. subordinate &c. (inferior) 34; mediocre

&c. (average) 29; passable, fair, respectable, tolerable,

commonplace; uneventful, mere, common; ordinary &c. (habitual)

613; inconsiderable, so-so, insignificant, inappreciable.

trifling, trivial; slight, slender, light, flimsy, frothy, idle;

puerile &c. (foolish) 499; airy, shallow; weak &c. 160; powerless

&c. 158; frivolous, petty, niggling; piddling, peddling;

fribble[obs3], inane, ridiculous, farcical; finical,

finikin[obs3]; fiddle-faddle, fingle- fangle[obs3], namby-pamby,

wishy-washy, milk and water. poor, paltry, pitiful; contemptible

&c. (contempt) 930; sorry, mean, meager, shabby, miserable,

wretched, vile, scrubby, scrannel[obs3], weedy, niggardly, scurvy,

putid[obs3], beggarly, worthless, twopennyhalfpenny, cheap,

trashy, catchpenny, gimcrack, trumpery; one-horse [U. S.]. not

worth the pains, not worth while, not worth mentioning, not worth

speaking of, not worth a thought, not worth a curse, not worth a

straw &c. n.;1 beneath notice, unworthy of notice, beneath

regard, unworthy of regard, beneath consideration, unworthy of

consideration; de lana caprina[It][obs3]; vain &c. (useless) 645.

Adv. slightly &c. adj.; rather, somewhat, pretty well, tolerably.

for aught one cares. Int. no matter! pish! tush! tut! pshaw! pugh!

pooh, pooh-pooh! fudge! bosh! humbug! fiddlestick[obs3],

fiddlestick end[obs3]! fiddlededee! never mind! n'importe[Fr]!

what signifies it, what boots it, what of it, what of that, what

matter, what's the odds, a fig for' stuff and nonsense, stuff!

nonsense! Phr. magno conatu magnas nugas[Lat]; le jeu ne vaut pas

la chandelle[Fr]; it matters not, it does not signify; it is of no

consequence, it is of no importance; elephantus non capit

murem[Lat]; tempete dans un verre d'eau[Fr].

#644. Utility.—N. utility; usefulness &c. adj.; efficacy,

efficiency, adequacy; service, use, stead, avail; help &c. (aid) 707;

applicability &c. adj.; subservience &c. (instrumentality) 631;

function &c. (business) 625; value; worth &c. (goodness) 648; money's

worth; productiveness &c. 168; cui bono &c. (intention) 620[Lat];

utilization &c. (use) 677 step in the right direction. common weal;

commonwealth public good, public interest; utilitarianism &c.

(philanthropy) 910. V. be useful &c. adj.; avail, serve; subserve &c.

(be instrumental to) 631; conduce &c. (tend) 176; answer, serve one's

turn, answer a purpose, serve a purpose. act a part &c. (action) 680;

perform a function, discharge a function &c.; render a service, render

good service, render yeoman's service; bestead[obs3], stand one in good

stead be the making of; help &c. 707. bear fruit &c. (produce) 161;

bring grist to the mill; profit, remunerate; benefit &c. (do good) 648.

find one's account in, find one's advantage in; reap the benefit of &c.

(be better for) 658. render useful &c. (use) 677. Adj. useful; of use

&c. n.; serviceable, proficuous|, good for; subservient &c.

(instrumental) 631.; conducive &c. (tending) 176; subsidiary &c.

(helping) 707. advantageous &c. (beneficial) 648; profitable, gainful,

remunerative, worth one's salt; valuable; prolific &c. (productive)

168. adequate; efficient, efficacious; effective, effectual; expedient

&c. 646. applicable, available, ready, handy, at hand, tangible;

commodious, adaptable; of all work. Adv. usefully &c. adj.; pro bono

publico[Lat].

#645. Inutility.—N. inutility; uselessness &c. adj.;

inefficacy[obs3], futility; ineptitude, inaptitude;

unsubservience[obs3]; inadequacy &c. (insufficiency) 640;

inefficiency.&c. (incompetence) 158; unskillfulness &c. 699;

disservice; unfruitfulness &c.(unproductiveness). 169; labor in vain,

labor lost, labor of Sisyphus; lost trouble, lost labor; work of

Penelope; sleeveless errand, wild goose chase, mere farce. tautology

&c. (repetition) 104; supererogation &c. (redundancy) 641. vanitas

vanitatum[Lat], vanity, inanity, worthlessness, nugacity[obs3];

triviality &c. (unimportance) 643. caput mortuum[Lat][obs3], waste

paper, dead letter; blunt tool. litter, rubbish, junk, lumber, odds and

ends, cast-off clothes; button top; shoddy; rags, orts[obs3], trash,

refuse, sweepings, scourings, offscourings[obs3], waste, rubble,

debris, detritus; stubble, leavings; broken meat; dregs &c. (dirt) 653;

weeds, tares; rubbish heap, dust hole; rudera[obs3], deads[obs3].

fruges consumere natus &c. (drone) 683[Lat][Horace]. V. be useless &c.

Adj.; go a begging &c. (redundant) 641; fail &c. 732. seek after

impossibilities, strive after impossibilities; use vain efforts, labor

in vain, roll the stone of Sisyphus, beat the air, lash the waves,

battre l'eau avec un baton[Fr], donner un coup d'epee dans l'eau[Fr],

fish in the air, milk the ram, drop a bucket into an empty well, sow

the sand; bay the moon; preach to the winds, speak to the winds;

whistle jigs to a milestone; kick against the pricks, se battre contre

des moulins[Fr]; lock the stable door when the steed is stolen, lock

the barn door after the horse is stolen &c. (too late) 135; hold a

farthing candle to the sun; cast pearls before swine &c. (waste) 638;

carry coals to Newcastle &c. (redundancy) 641; wash a blackamoor white

&c. (impossible) 471. render useless &c. adj.; dismantle, dismast,

dismount, disqualify, disable; unrig; cripple, lame &c. (injure) 659;

spike guns, clip the wings; put out of gear. Adj. useless, inutile,

inefficacious, futile, unavailing, bootless; inoperative &c. 158;

inadequate &c. (insufficient) 640; inservient|, unsubservient; inept,

inefficient &c. (impotent) 158; of no avail &c. (use) 644; ineffectual

&c. (failure) 732; incompetent &c. (unskillful) 699; "stale, flat and

unprofitable"; superfluous &c. (redundant) 641; dispensable; thrown

away &c. (wasted) 638; abortive &c. (immature) 674. worthless,

valueless, priceless; unsalable; not worth a straw &c. (trifling) 643

dear at any price. vain, empty, inane; gainless[obs3], profitless,

fruitless; unserviceable, unprofitable; ill-spent; unproductive &c.

169; hors de combat[Fr]; effete, past work &c. (impaired) 659; obsolete

&c. (old) 124; fit for the dust hole; good for nothing; of no earthly

use; not worth having, not worth powder and shot; leading to no end,

uncalled for; unnecessary, unneeded. Adv. uselessly &c. adj.; to little

purpose, to no purpose, to little or no purpose. Int. cui bono?[Lat];

what's the good! Phr. actum ne agas[Lat][obs3]; chercher une aiguille

dans une botte de foin[obs3][Fr]; tanto buon che val niente[It].

#646. [Specific subservience.] Expedience.—N. expedience,

expediency; desirableness, desirability &c. adj.; fitness &c.

(agreement) 23; utility &c. 644; propriety; opportunism; advantage.

high time &c. (occasion) 134. V. be expedient &c. Adj.; suit &c.

(agree) 23; befit; suit the time, befit the time, suit the season,

befit the season, suit the occasion, befit the occasion. conform &c.

82. Adj. expedient; desirable, advisable, acceptable; convenient; worth

while, meet; fit, fitting; due, proper, eligible, seemly, becoming;

befitting &c. v.; opportune &c. (in season) 134; in loco; suitable &c.

(accordant) 23; applicable &c. (useful) 644. Adv. in the right place;

conveniently &c. adj. Phr. operae pretium est[Lat].

#647. Inexpedience.—N. inexpedience, inexpediency; undesirableness,

undesirability &c. Adj.; discommodity[obs3], impropriety; unfitness &c.

(disagreement) 24; inutility &c. 645; disadvantage. V. be inexpedient

&c. Adj.; come amiss &c. (disagree) 24; embarrass &c. (hinder) 706; put

to inconvenience; pay too dear for one's whistle. Adj. inexpedient,

undesirable; unadvisable, inadvisable; objectionable; inapt,

ineligible, inadmissible, inconvenient; incommodious,

discommodious[obs3]; disadvantageous; inappropriate, unfit &c.

(inconsonant) 24. ill-contrived, ill-advised; unsatisfactory;

unprofitable &c., unsubservient &c. (useless) 645; inopportune &c.

(unseasonable) 135; out of place, in the wrong place; improper,

unseemly. clumsy, awkward; cumbrous, cumbersome; lumbering, unwieldy,

hulky[obs3]; unmanageable &c. (impracticable) 704; impedient &c. (in

the way) 706[obs3]. unnecessary &c. (redundant) 641. Phr. it will never

do.

#648. [Capability of producing good. Good qualities.] Goodness.—N.

goodness &c. adj.; excellence, merit; virtue &c. 944; value, worth,

price. super-excellence, supereminence; superiority &c. 33; perfection

&c. 650; coup de maitre[Fr]; masterpiece, chef d'ouvre[Fr], prime,

flower, cream, elite, pick, A1, nonesuch, nonpareil, creme de la creme,

flower of the flock, cock of the roost, salt of the earth; champion;

prodigy. tidbit; gem, gem of the first water; bijou, precious stone,

jewel, pearl, diamond, ruby, brilliant, treasure; good thing; rara

avis[Lat], one in a thousand. beneficence &c. 906; good man &c. 948. V.

be beneficial &c. Adj.; produce good, do good &c. 618; profit &c. (be

of use) 644; benefit; confer a benefit &c. 618. be the making of, do a

world of good, make a man of. produce a good effect; do a good turn,

confer an obligation; improve &c. 658. do no harm, break no bones. be

good &c. adj.; excel, transcend &c. (be superior) 33; bear away the

bell. stand the proof, stand the test; pass muster, pass an

examination. challenge comparison, vie, emulate, rival. Adj. harmless,

hurtless[obs3]; unobnoxious[obs3], innocuous, innocent, inoffensive.

beneficial, valuable, of value; serviceable &c. (useful) 644;

advantageous, edifying, profitable; salutary &c. (healthful) 656.

favorable; propitious &c. (hope-giving) 858; fair. good, good as gold;

excellent; better; superior &c. 33; above par; nice, fine; genuine &c.

(true) 494. best, choice, select, picked, elect, recherche, rare,

priceless; unparagoned[obs3], unparalleled &c. (supreme) 33;

superlatively &c. 33; good; bully*, crackajack*[obs3], giltedged;

superfine, superexcellent[obs3]; of the first water; first-rate,

first-class; high- wrought, exquisite, very best, crack, prime, tiptop,

capital, cardinal; standard &c. (perfect) 650; inimitable. admirable,

estimable; praiseworthy &c. (approve) 931; pleasing &c. 829; couleur de

rose[Fr], precious, of great price; costly &c. (dear) 814; worth its

weight in gold, worth a Jew's eye; priceless, invaluable, inestimable,

precious as the apple of the eye. tolerable &c. (not very good) 651; up

to the mark, unexceptionable, unobjectionable; satisfactory, tidy. in

good condition, in fair condition; fresh; sound &c. (perfect) 650. Adv.

beneficially &c. adj.; well &c. 618. Phr. "Jewels five words long"

[Tennyson]; "long may such goodness live!" [Rogers]; "the luxury of

doing good" [Goldsmith].

#649. [Capability of producing evil. Bad qualities.] Badness.—N.

hurtfulness &c. Adj[obs3].; virulence. evil doer &c. 913; bane &c. 663;

plague spot &c. (insalubrity) 657; evil star, ill wind; hoodoo; Jonah;

snake in the grass, skeleton in the closet; amari aliquid[Lat][obs3],

thorn in the side. malignity; malevolence &c. 907; tender mercies

[ironically]. ill-treatment, annoyance, molestation, abuse, oppression,

persecution, outrage; misusage &c. 679; injury &c. (damage) 659;

knockout drops [U. S.]. badness &c. adj.; peccancy[obs3], abomination;

painfulness &c. 830; pestilence &c. (disease) 655; guilt &c. 947;

depravity &c. 945. V. be hurtful &c. adj.; cause evil, produce evil,

inflict evil, work evil, do evil &c. 619; damnify[obs3],

endamage[obs3], hurt, harm; injure &c. (damage) 659; pain &c. 830.

wrong, aggrieve, oppress, persecute; trample upon, tread upon, bear

hard upon, put upon; overburden; weigh down, weigh heavy on; victimize;

run down; molest &c. 830. maltreat, abuse; ill-use, ill-treat; buffet,

bruise, scratch, maul; smite &c. (scourge) 972; do violence, do harm,

do a mischief; stab, pierce, outrage. do mischief, make mischief; bring

into trouble. destroy &c. 162. Adj. hurtful, harmful, scathful[obs3],

baneful, baleful; injurious, deleterious, detrimental, noxious,

pernicious, mischievous, full of mischief, mischief-making, malefic,

malignant, nocuous, noisome; prejudicial; disserviceable[obs3],

disadvantageous; wide-wasting. unlucky, sinister; obnoxious; untoward,

disastrous. oppressive, burdensome, onerous; malign &c. (malevolent)

907. corrupting &c. (corrupt &c. 659); virulent, venomous, envenomed,

corrosive; poisonous &c. (morbific) 657[obs3]; deadly &c. (killing)

361; destructive &c. (destroying) 162; inauspicious &c. 859. bad, ill,

arrant, as bad as bad can be, dreadful; horrid, horrible; dire; rank,

peccant, foul, fulsome; rotten, rotten at the core. vile, base,

villainous; mean &c. (paltry) 643; injured &c. deteriorated &c. 659;

unsatisfactory, exceptionable, indifferent; below par &c. (imperfect)

651; illcontrived, ill-conditioned; wretched, sad, grievous,

deplorable, lamentable; pitiful, pitiable, woeful &c. (painful) 830.

evil, wrong; depraved &c. 945; shocking; reprehensible &c. (disapprove)

932. hateful, hateful as a toad; abominable, detestable, execrable,

cursed, accursed, confounded; damned, damnable; infernal; diabolic &c.

(malevolent) 907. unadvisable &c. (inexpedient) 647; unprofitable &c.

(useless) 645; incompetent &c. (unskillful) 699; irremediable &c.

(hopeless) 859.

Adv. badly &c. Adj.; wrong, ill; to one's cost; where the shoe

pinches.

Phr. bad is the best; the worst come to the worst; herba mala

presto

cresco [Lat]; "wrongs unredressed or insults unavenged" [Wordsworth].

#650. Perfection.—N. perfection; perfectness &c. adj.;

indefectibility[obs3]; impeccancy[obs3], impeccability. pink, beau

ideal, phenix, paragon; pink of perfection, acme of perfection; ne plus

ultra[Lat]; summit &c. 210. cygne noir[Fr]; philosopher's stone;

chrysolite, Koh-i-noor. model, standard, pattern, mirror, admirable

Crichton; trump, very prince of. masterpiece, superexcellence &c.

(goodness) 648[obs3]; transcendence &c. (superiority) 33. V. be perfect

&c. adj.; transcend &c. (be supreme) 33. bring to perfection, perfect,

ripen, mature; complete &,,c. 729; put in trim &c. (prepare) 673;

maturate. Adj. perfect, faultless; indefective[obs3],

indeficient[obs3], indefectible; immaculate, spotless, impeccable; free

from imperfection &c. 651; unblemished, uninjured &c. 659; sound, sound

as a roach; in perfect condition; scathless[obs3], intact, harmless;

seaworthy &c. (safe) 644; right as a trivet; in seipso totus teres

atque rotundus [Lat][Horace]; consummate &c. (complete) 52; finished

&c. 729. best &c. (good) 648; model, standard; inimitable,

unparagoned[obs3], unparalleled &c. (supreme) 33; superhuman, divine;

beyond all praise &c. (approbation) 931; sans peur et sans

reproche[Fr]. adv. to perfection; perfectly &c. adj.; ad unguem[Lat];

clean, - as a whistle. phr. "let us go on unto perfection" [ Hebrews

vi, 1]; "the perfection of art is to conceal art" [Quintilian].

#651. Imperfection.—N. imperfection; imperfectness &c. Adj.;

deficiency; inadequacy &c. (insufficiency) 640; peccancy &c. (badness)

649[obs3]; immaturity &c. 674. fault, defect, weak point; screw loose;

flaw &c. (break) 70; gap &c. 198; twist &c. 243; taint, attainder; bar

sinister, hole in one's coat; blemish &c. 848; weakness &c. 160; half

blood; shortcoming &c. 304; drawback; seamy side. mediocrity; no great

shakes, no great catch; not much to boast of; one-horse shay. V. be

imperfect &c. adj.; have a defect &c. n.; lie under a disadvantage;

spring a leak. not pass muster, barely pass muster; fall short &c. 304.

Adj. imperfect; not perfect &c. 650; deficient, defective; faulty,

unsound, tainted; out of order, out of tune; cracked, leaky; sprung;

warped &c. (distort) 243; lame; injured &c. (deteriorated) 659; peccant

&c. (bad) 649; frail &c. (weak) 160; inadequate &c. (insufficient) 640;

crude &c. (unprepared) 674; incomplete &c. 53; found wanting; below

par; short- handed; below its full strength, under its full strength,

below its full complement. indifferent, middling, ordinary, mediocre;

average &c. 29; so-so; coucicouci, milk and water; tolerable, fair,

passable; pretty well, pretty good; rather good, moderately good; good;

good enough, well enough, adequate; decent; not bad, not amiss;

inobjectionable[obs3], unobjectionable, admissible, bearable, only

better than nothing. secondary, inferior; second-rate, second-best;

one-horse [U.S.]. Adv. almost &c.; to a limited extent, rather &c. 32;

pretty, moderately, passing; only, considering, all things considered,

enough. Phr. surgit amari aliquid[Lat].

#652. Cleanness.—N. cleanness, cleanliness &c. adj.; purity;

cleaning &c. v.; purification, defecation &c. v.; purgation,

lustration[obs3]; detersion[obs3], abstersion[obs3]; epuration[obs3],

mundation|; ablution, lavation[obs3], colature|; disinfection &c. v.;

drainage, sewerage. lavatory, laundry, washhouse[obs3]; washerwoman,

laundress, dhobi[obs3], laundryman, washerman[obs3]; scavenger,

dustman[obs3], sweep; white wings brush[Local U. S.]; broom,

besom[obs3], mop, rake, shovel, sieve, riddle, screen, filter; blotter.

napkin, cloth, maukin|, malkin|, handkerchief, towel, sudary[obs3];

doyley[obs3], doily, duster, sponge, mop, swab. cover, drugget[obs3].

wash, lotion, detergent, cathartic, purgative; purifier &c. v.;

disinfectant; aperient[obs3]; benzene, benzine benzol, benolin[obs3];

bleaching powder, chloride of lime, dentifrice, deobstruent[obs3],

laxative. V. be clean, render clean &c. Adj. clean, cleanse; mundify|,

rinse, wring, flush, full, wipe, mop, sponge, scour, swab, scrub, brush

up. wash, lave, launder, buck; absterge|, deterge[obs3];

decrassify[obs3]; clear, purify; depurate[obs3], despumate[obs3],

defecate; purge, expurgate, elutriate[Chem], lixiviate[obs3],

edulcorate[obs3], clarify, refine, rack; filter, filtrate; drain,

strain. disinfect, fumigate, ventilate, deodorize; whitewash; castrate,

emasculate. sift, winnow, pick, weed, comb, rake, brush, sweep. rout

out, clear out, sweep out &c.; make a clean sweep of. Adj. clean,

cleanly; pure; immaculate; spotless, stainless, taintless; trig;

without a stain, unstained, unspotted, unsoiled, unsullied, untainted,

uninfected; sweet, sweet as a nut. neat, spruce, tidy, trim, gimp,

clean as a new penny, like a cat in pattens; cleaned &c. v.;

kempt[obs3]. abstergent[obs3], cathartic, cleansing, purifying. Adv.

neatly &c. adj.; clean as a whistle.

#653. Uncleanness.—N. uncleanness &c. Adj.; impurity;

immundity[obs3], immundicity[obs3]; impurity &c. 961[of mind].

defilement, contamination &c. v.; defoedation|; soilure[obs3],

soiliness|; abomination; leaven; taint, tainture|; fetor &c. 401[obs3].

decay; putrescence, putrefaction; corruption; mold, must, mildew, dry

rot, mucor, rubigo|. slovenry[obs3]; slovenliness &c. Adj. squalor.

dowdy, drab, slut, malkin[obs3], slattern, sloven, slammerkin|,

slammock[obs3], slummock[obs3], scrub, draggle-tail, mudlark[obs3],

dust- man, sweep; beast. dirt, filth, soil, slop; dust, cobweb, flue;

smoke, soot, smudge, smut, grit, grime, raff[obs3]; sossle[obs3],

sozzle[obs3]. sordes[obs3], dregs, grounds, lees; argol[obs3];

sediment, settlement heeltap[obs3]; dross, drossiness[obs3]; mother|,

precipitate, scoriae, ashes, cinders. recrement[obs3], slag; scum,

froth. hogwash; ditchwater[obs3], dishwater, bilgewater[obs3];

rinsings, cheeseparings; sweepings &c. (useless refuse) 645;

offscourings[obs3], outscourings[obs3]; off scum; caput

mortuum[Lat][obs3], residuum, sprue, fecula[Lat], clinker, draff[obs3];

scurf, scurfiness[obs3]; exuviae[Lat], morphea; fur, furfur[obs3];

dandruff, tartar. riffraff; vermin, louse, flea, bug, chinch[obs3].

mud, mire, quagmire, alluvium, silt, sludge, slime, slush, slosh, sposh

[obs3][U. S.]. spawn, offal, gurry [obs3][U. S.]; lientery[obs3];

garbage, carrion; excreta &c. 299; slough, peccant humor, pus, matter,

suppuration, lienteria[obs3]; faeces, feces, excrement, ordure, dung,

crap[vulgar], shit[vulgar]; sewage, sewerage; muck; coprolite; guano,

manure, compost. dunghill, colluvies[obs3], mixen[obs3], midden, bog,

laystall[obs3], sink, privy, jakes; toilet, john, head; cess[obs3],

cesspool; sump, sough, cloaca, latrines, drain, sewer, common sewer;

Cloacina; dust hole. sty, pigsty, lair, den, Augean stable[obs3], sink

of corruption; slum, rookery. V. be unclean, become unclean &c. Adj.;

rot, putrefy, ferment, fester, rankle, reek; stink &c. 401; mold,

molder; go bad &c. adj. render unclean &c. adj.; dirt, dirty; daub,

blot, blur, smudge, smutch[obs3], soil, smoke, tarnish, slaver, spot,

smear; smirch; begrease[obs3]; dabble, drabble[obs3], draggle,

daggle[obs3]; spatter, slubber; besmear &c., bemire, beslime[obs3],

begrime, befoul; splash, stain, distain[obs3], maculate, sully,

pollute, defile, debase, contaminate, taint, leaven; corrupt &c.

(injure) 659; cover with dust &c. n.; drabble in the mud[obs3]; roil.

wallow in the mire; slobber, slabber[obs3]. Adj. dirty, filthy, grimy;

unclean, impure; soiled &c. v.; not to be handled with kid gloves;

dusty, snuffy[obs3], smutty, sooty, smoky; thick, turbid, dreggy;

slimy; mussy [U.S.]. slovenly, untidy, messy, uncleanly. [of people]

unkempt, sluttish, dowdy, draggle-tailed; uncombed. unscoured[obs3],

unswept[obs3], unwiped[obs3], unwashed, unstrained, unpurified[obs3];

squalid; lutose[obs3], slammocky[obs3], slummocky[obs3], sozzly[obs3].

nasty, coarse, foul, offensive, abominable, beastly, reeky,

reechy[obs3]; fetid &c. 401. [of rotting living matter] decayed, moldy,

musty, mildewed, rusty, moth-eaten, mucid[obs3], rancid, weak, bad,

gone bad, etercoral[obs3], lentiginous[obs3], touched, fusty, effete,

reasty[obs3], rotten, corrupt, tainted, high, flyblown, maggoty;

putrid, putrefactive, putrescent, putrefied; saprogenic,

saprogenous[obs3]; purulent, carious, peccant; fecal, feculent;

stercoraceous[obs3], excrementitious[obs3]; scurfy, scurvy,

impetiginous[obs3]; gory, bloody; rotting &c. v.; rotten as a pear,

rotten as cheese. crapulous &c. (intemperate) 954[obs3]; gross &c.

(impure in mind) 961; fimetarious[obs3], fimicolous[obs3]. Phr. "they

that touch pitch will be defiled" [Much Ado About Nothing].

#654. Health.—N. health, sanity; soundness &c. adj.; vigor; good

health, perfect health, excellent health, rude health, robust health;

bloom. mens sana in corpore sano[Lat]; Hygeia[obs3]; incorruption,

incorruptibility; good state of health, clean bill of health;

eupepsia[obs3]; euphoria, euphory[obs3]; St. Anthony's fire[obs3]. V.

be in health &c. adj. bloom, flourish. keep body and soul together,

keep on one's legs; enjoy good health, enjoy a good state of health;

have a clean bill of health. return to health; recover &c. 660; get

better &c. (improve) 658; take a new lease of life, fresh lease of

life; recruit; restore to health; cure &c. (restore) 660; tinker. Adj.

healthy, healthful; in health &c. n.; well, sound, hearty, hale, fresh,

green, whole; florid, flush, hardy, stanch, staunch, brave, robust,

vigorous, weatherproof. unscathed, uninjured, unmaimed[obs3], unmarred,

untainted; sound of wind and limb, safe and sound. on one's legs; sound

as a roach, sound as a bell; fresh as a daisy, fresh as a rose, fresh

as April[obs3]; hearty as a buck; in fine feather, in high feather; in

good case, in full bloom; pretty bobbish[obs3], tolerably well, as well

as can be expected. sanitary &c. (health-giving) 656; sanatory &c.

(remedial) 662[obs3]. Phr. "health that snuffs the morning air"

[Grainger]; non est vivere sed valere vita [Lat][Martial].

#655. Disease.—N. disease; illness, sickness &c. adj.; ailing &c.

"all the ills that flesh is heir to" [Hamlet]; morbidity, morbosity|;

infirmity, ailment, indisposition; complaint, disorder, malady;

distemper, distemperature[obs3]. visitation, attack, seizure, stroke,

fit. delicacy, loss of health, invalidation, cachexy[obs3];

cachexia[Med], atrophy, marasmus[obs3]; indigestion, dyspepsia; decay

&c. (deterioration) 659; decline, consumption, palsy, paralysis,

prostration. taint, pollution, infection, sepsis, septicity[obs3],

infestation; epidemic, pandemic, endemic, epizootic; murrain, plague,

pestilence, pox. sore, ulcer, abscess, fester, boil; pimple, wen &c.

(swelling) 250; carbuncle, gathering, imposthume[obs3], peccant humor,

issue; rot, canker, cold sore, fever sore; cancer, carcinoma, leukemia,

neoplastic disease, malignancy, tumor; caries, mortification,

corruption, gangrene, sphacelus[obs3], sphacelation[obs3], leprosy;

eruption, rash, breaking out. fever, temperature, calenture[obs3];

inflammation. ague, angina pectoris[Lat], appendicitis; Asiatic

cholera[obs3], spasmodic cholera; biliary calculus, kidney stone, black

death, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague; blennorrhagia[obs3],

blennorrhoea[obs3]; blood poisoning, bloodstroke[obs3], bloody flux,

brash; breakbone fever[obs3], dengue fever, malarial fever, Q-fever;

heart attack, cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy[Med]; hardening of the

arteries, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis; bronchocele[Med], canker

rash, cardialgia[Med], carditis[Med], endocarditis[Med]; cholera,

asphyxia; chlorosis, chorea, cynanche[obs3], dartre[Fr];

enanthem[obs3], enanthema[obs3]; erysipelas; exanthem[obs3], exanthema;

gallstone, goiter, gonorrhea, green sickness; grip, grippe, influenza,

flu; hay fever, heartburn, heaves, rupture, hernia, hemorrhoids,

piles, herpes, itch, king's evil, lockjaw; measles, mumps[obs3], polio;

necrosis, pertussis, phthisis[obs3], pneumonia, psora[obs3],

pyaemia[obs3], pyrosis[Med], quinsy, rachitis[obs3], ringworm, rubeola,

St. Vitus's dance, scabies, scarlatina, scarlet fever, scrofula,

seasickness, struma[obs3], syntexis[obs3], tetanus, tetter[obs3],

tonsillitis, tonsilitis[obs3], tracheocele[Med], trachoma,

trismus[Med], varicella[Med], varicosis[Med], variola[Med], water

qualm, whooping cough; yellow fever, yellow jack. fatal disease &c.

(hopeless) 859; dangerous illness, galloping consumption, churchyard

cough; general breaking up, break up of the system. [Disease of mind]

idiocy &c. 499; insanity &c. 503. martyr to disease; cripple; "the halt

the lame and the blind"; valetudinary[obs3], valetudinarian; invalid,

patient, case; sickroom, sick- chamber. [Science of disease] pathology,

etiology, nosology[obs3]. [Veterinary] anthrax, bighead; blackleg,

blackquarter[obs3]; cattle plague, glanders[obs3], mange, scrapie, milk

sickness; heartworm, feline leukemia, roundworms; quarter-evil,

quarter-ill; rinderpest. [disease-causing agents] virus, bacterium,

bacteria. [types of viruses] DNA virus; RNA virus. [RNA viruses]

rhinovirus; rhabdovirus; picornavirus. [DNA viruses] herpesvirus;

cytomegalovirus, CMV; human immunodefficiency virus, HIV. V. be ill &c.

adj.; ail, suffer, labor under, be affected with, complain of, have;

droop, flag, languish, halt; sicken, peak, pine; gasp. keep one's bed;

feign sickness &c. (falsehood) 544. lay by, lay up; take a disease,

catch a disease &c. n., catch an infection; break out. Adj. diseased;

ailing &c. v.; ill, ill of; taken ill, seized with; indisposed, unwell,

sick, squeamish, poorly, seedy; affected with illness, afflicted with

illness; laid up, confined, bedridden, invalided, in hospital, on the

sick list; out of health, out of sorts; under the weather [U. S.];

valetudinary[obs3]. unsound, unhealthy; sickly, morbid, morbose[obs3],

healthless[obs3], infirm, chlorotic[Med], unbraced[obs3]. drooping,

flagging, lame, crippled, halting. morbid, tainted, vitiated, peccant,

contaminated, poisoned, tabid[obs3], mangy, leprous, cankered; rotten,

rotten to the core, rotten at the core; withered, palsied, paralytic;

dyspeptic; luetic[obs3], pneumonic, pulmonic[Med], phthisic[obs3],

rachitic; syntectic[obs3], syntectical[obs3]; tabetic[obs3], varicose.

touched in the wind, broken-winded, spavined, gasping; hors de combat

&c. (useless) 645[Fr]. weakly, weakened &c. (weak) 160; decrepit;

decayed &c. (deteriorated) 659; incurable &c. (hopeless) 859; in

declining health; cranky; in a bad way, in danger, prostrate; moribund

&c. (death) 360. morbific &c. 657[obs3]; epidemic, endemic;

zymotic[obs3].

#656. Salubrity.—N. salubrity; healthiness &c. Adj.

#

fine air, fine climate; eudiometer[obs3].

[Preservation of health] hygiene; valetudinarian,

valetudinarianism;

sanitarian; sanitarium, sanitorium.

V. be salubrious &c. Adj.; agree with; assimilate &c. 23.

Adj. salubrious, salutary, salutiferous[obs3]; wholesome; healthy,

healthful; sanitary, prophYlactic, benign, bracing, tonic,

invigorating,

good for, nutritious; hygeian[obs3], hygienic.

innoxious[obs3], innocuous, innocent; harmless, uninjurious,

uninfectious.

sanative &c. (remedial) 662; restorative &c. (reinstate) 660;

useful

&c. 644.

#657. Insalubrity.—N. insalubrity; unhealthiness &c. Adj.;

nonnaturals[obs3]; plague spot; malaria &c. (poison) 663; death in the

pot, contagion; toxicity. Adj. insalubrious; unhealthy, unwholesome;

noxious, noisome; morbific[obs3], morbiferous[obs3]; mephitic, septic,

azotic[obs3], deleterious; pestilent, pestiferous, pestilential;

virulent, venomous, envenomed; poisonous, toxic, toxiferous[obs3],

teratogenic; narcotic. contagious, infectious, catching, taking,

epidemic, zymotic[obs3]; epizootic. innutritious[obs3], indigestible,

ungenial; uncongenial &c. (disagreeing) 24. deadly &c. (killing) 361.

#658. Improvement.—N. improvement; amelioration, melioration;

#

betterment; mend, amendment, emendation; mending &c. v.; advancement;

advance &c. (progress) 282; ascent &c. 305; promotion, preferment;

elevation &c. 307; increase &c. 35; cultivation, civilization; culture,

march of intellect; menticulture[obs3]; race-culture, eugenics.

reform, reformation; revision, radical reform; second thoughts,

correction, limoe labor[Lat], refinement, elaboration; purification &c.

652; oxidation; repair &c. (restoration) 660; recovery &c. 660.

revise, new edition.

reformer, radical.

V. improve; be better, become better, get better; mend, amend.

advance &c. (progress) 282; ascend &c. 305; increase &c. 35;

fructify,

ripen, mature; pick up, come about, rally, take a favorable turn; turn

over

a new leaf, turn the corner; raise one's head, sow one's wild oats;

recover

&c. 660.

be better &c. adj., be improved by; turn to right account, turn to

good account, turn to best account; profit by, reap the benefit of;

make

good use of, make capital out of; place to good account.

render better, improve, mend, amend, better; ameliorate,

meliorate;

correct; decrassify[obs3].

improve upon, refine upon; rectify; enrich, mellow, elaborate,

fatten.

promote, cultivate, advance, forward, enhance; bring forward,

bring

on; foster &c. 707; invigorate &c. (strengthen) 159.

touch up, rub up, brush up, furbish up, bolster up, vamp up,

brighten

up, warm up; polish, cook, make the most of, set off to advantage;

prune;

repair &c. (restore) 660; put in order &c. (arrange) 60.

review, revise; make corrections, make improvements &c. n.; doctor

&c.

(remedy) 662; purify,&c. 652.

relieve, refresh, infuse new blood into, recruit.

reform, remodel, reorganize; new model.

view in a new light, think better of, appeal from Philip drunk to

Philip sober.

palliate, mitigate; lessen an evil &c. 36.

Adj. improving &c. v.; progressive, improved &c. v.; better,

better

off, better for; all the better for; better advised.

reformatory, emendatory[obs3]; reparatory &c. (restorative)

660[obs3];

remedial &c. 662.

corrigible, improvable; accultural[obs3].

adv. on consideration, on reconsideration, on second thoughts, on

better advice; ad melius inquirendum[Lat].

phr. urbent latericiam invenit marmoream reliquit[Lat].

#659. Deterioration.—N. deterioration, debasement; wane, ebb;

recession &c. 287; retrogradation &c. 283[obs3]; decrease &c. 36.

degeneracy, degeneration, degenerateness; degradation; depravation,

depravement; devolution; depravity &c. 945; demoralization,

retrogression; masochism. impairment, inquination|, injury, damage,

loss, detriment, delaceration|, outrage, havoc, inroad, ravage,

scath[obs3]; perversion, prostitution, vitiation, discoloration,

oxidation, pollution, defoedation|, poisoning, venenation|, leaven,

contamination, canker, corruption, adulteration, alloy. decline,

declension, declination; decadence, decadency[obs3]; falling off &c.

v.; caducity[obs3], decrepitude. decay, dilapidation, ravages of time,

wear and tear; corrosion, erosion; moldiness, rottenness; moth and

rust, dry rot, blight, marasmus[obs3], atrophy, collapse;

disorganization; delabrement &c. (destruction)[Fr]. 162; aphid, Aphis,

plant louse, puceron[obs3]; vinefretter[obs3], vinegrub[obs3]. wreck,

mere wreck, honeycomb, magni nominis umbra[Lat]; jade, plug, rackabones

[obs3][U. S.], skate [U. S.]; tackey[obs3], tacky [U. S.]. V. be

worse, be deteriorated, become worse, become deteriorated &c. Adj.;

have seen better days, deteriorate, degenerate, fall off; wane &c.

(decrease) 36; ebb; retrograde &c. 283- decline, droop; go down &c.

(sink) 306; go downhill, go from bad to worse, go farther and fare

worse; jump out of the frying pan into the fire. run to seed, go to

seed, run to waste swale|, sweal|; lapse, be the worse for; sphacelate;

break[obs3], break down; spring a leak, crack, start; shrivel &c.

(contract) 195; fade, go off, wither, molder, rot, rankle, decay, go

bad; go to decay, fall into decay; "fall into the sear and yellow

leaf", rust, crumble, shake; totter, totter to its fall; perish &c.

162; die &c. 360. [Render less good] deteriorate; weaken &c. 160; put

back, set back; taint, infect, contaminate, poison, empoison[obs3],

envenom, canker, corrupt, exulcerate|, pollute, vitiate, inquinate|;

debase, embase|; denaturalize, denature, leaven; deflower, debauch,

defile, deprave, degrade; ulcerate; stain &c. (dirt) 653; discolor;

alloy, adulterate, sophisticate, tamper with, prejudice. pervert,

prostitute, demoralize, brutalize; render vicious &c. 945. embitter,

acerbate, exacerbate, aggravate. injure, impair, labefy[obs3], damage,

harm, hurt, shend|, scath|, scathe, spoil, mar, despoil, dilapidate,

waste; overrun; ravage; pillage &c. 791. wound, stab, pierce, maim,

lame, surbate|, cripple, hough[obs3], hamstring, hit between wind and

water, scotch, mangle, mutilate, disfigure, blemish, deface, warp.

blight, rot; corrode, erode; wear away, wear out; gnaw, gnaw at the

root of; sap, mine, undermine, shake, sap the foundations of, break up;

disorganize, dismantle, dismast; destroy &c. 162. damnify &c.

(aggrieve) 649[obs3]; do one's worst; knock down; deal a blow to; play

havoc with, play sad havoc with, play the mischief with, play the deuce

with, play the very devil with, play havoc among, play sad havoc among,

play the mischief among, play the deuce among, play the very devil

among; decimate. Adj. unimproved &c. (improve &c. 658); deteriorated

&c. v.; altered, altered for the worse; injured &c. v.; sprung;

withering, spoiling &c. v.; on the wane, on the decline; tabid[obs3];

degenerate; marescent[obs3]; worse; the worse for, all the worse for;

out of repair, out of tune; imperfect &c. 651; the worse for wear;

battered; weathered, weather-beaten; stale, passe, shaken, dilapidated,

frayed, faded, wilted, shabby, secondhand, threadbare; worn, worn to a

thread, worn to a shadow, worn to the stump, worn to rags; reduced,

reduced to a skeleton; far gone; tacky [U. S.*]. decayed &c. v.;

moth-eaten, worm-eaten; mildewed, rusty, moldy, spotted, seedy,

time-worn, moss-grown; discolored; effete, wasted, crumbling,

moldering, rotten, cankered, blighted, tainted; depraved &c. (vicious)

945; decrepid[obs3], decrepit; broke, busted, broken, out of

commission, hors de combat[Fr], out of action, broken down; done, done

for, done up; worn out, used up, finished; beyond saving, fit for the

dust hole, fit for the wastepaper basket, past work &c. (useless) 645.

at a low ebb, in a bad way, on one's last legs; undermined, deciduous;

nodding to its fall &c. (destruction) 162; tottering &c,. (dangerous)

665: past cure &c. (hopeless) 859; fatigued &c. 688; retrograde &c.

(retrogressive) 283; deleterious &c. 649. Phr. out of the frying pan

into the fire; agrescit medendo[Latin]; "what a falling off was there!"

[Hamlet].

#660. Restoration.—N. restoration, restoral; reinstatement,

replacement, rehabilitation, reestablishment, reconstitution,

reconstruction; reproduction &c. 163; renovation, renewal; revival,

revivessence[obs3], reviviscence[obs3]; refreshment &c. 689;

resuscitation, reanimation, revivification, reviction|; Phenix;

reorganization. renaissance, second youth, rejuvenescence[obs3],. new

birth; regeneration, regeneracy[obs3], regenerateness[obs3];

palingenesis[obs3], reconversion. redress, retrieval, reclamation,

recovery; convalescence; resumption, resumption; sanativeness[obs3].

recurrence &c. (repetition) 104; rechauffe[Fr], rifacimento[It]. cure,

recure|, sanation|; healing &c. v.; redintegration[obs3];

rectification; instauration[obs3]. repair, reparation, remanufacture;

recruiting &c. v.; cicatrization; disinfection; tinkering. reaction;

redemption &c. (deliverance) 672; restitution &c. 790; relief &c. 834.

tinker, cobbler; vis medicatrix &c. (remedy) 662[obs3]. curableness. V.

return to the original state; recover, rally, revive; come come to,

come round, come to oneself; pull through, weather the storm, be

oneself again; get well ,get round, get the better of, get over, get

about; rise from one's ashes, rise from the grave; survive &c.

(outlive) 110; resume, reappear; come to, come to life again; live

again, rise again. heal, skin over, cicatrize; right itself. restore,

put back, place in statu quo[Lat]; reinstate, replace, reseat,

rehabilitate, reestablish, reestate[obs3], reinstall. reconstruct,

rebuild, reorganize, reconstitute; reconvert; renew, renovate;

regenerate; rejuvenate. redeem, reclaim, recover, retrieve; rescue &c.

(deliver) 672. redress, recure[obs3]; cure, heal, remedy, doctor,

physic, medicate; break of; bring round, set on one's legs.

resuscitate, revive, reanimate, revivify, recall to life; reproduce &c.

163; warm up; reinvigorate, refresh &c. 689. make whole,

redintegrate[obs3]; recoup &c. 790; make good, make all square;

rectify, correct; put right, put to rights, set right, set to rights,

set straight; set up; put in order &c. (arrange) 60; refit, recruit;

fill up, fill up the ranks; reinforce. repair; put in repair,

remanufacture, put in thorough repair, put in complete repair; retouch,

refashion, botch|, vamp, tinker, cobble; do up, patch up, touch up,

plaster up, vamp up; darn, finedraw[obs3], heelpiece[obs3]; stop a gap,

stanch, staunch, caulk, calk, careen, splice, bind up wounds. Adj.

restored &c. v.; redivivus[Lat], convalescent; in a fair way; none the

worse; rejuvenated. restoring &c. v.; restorative, recuperative;

sanative, reparative, sanatory[obs3], reparatory[obs3]; curative,

remedial. restorable, recoverable, sanable[obs3], remediable,

retrievable, curable. Adv. in statu quo[Lat]; as you were. phr.

revenons a nos moutons[Fr]; medecin[Fr], gueris-toi toi-meme[Fr];

vestigia nulla retrorsum [Lat][Horace].

#661. Relapse.—N. relapse, lapse; falling back &c. v.;

#

retrogradation &c. (retrogression) 283[obs3]; deterioration &c. 659.

[Return to, or recurrence of a bad state] backsliding,

recidivation |;

recidivism, recidivity[obs3]; recrudescence.

V. relapse, lapse; fall back, slide back, sink back; return;

retrograde &c. 283; recidivate; fall off again &c. 659.

#662. Remedy.—N. remedy, help, cure, redress; medicine, medicament;

diagnosis, medical examination; medical treatment; surgery; preventive

medicine. [medical devices] clinical thermometer, stethoscope, X-ray

machine. anthelmintic[Med]; antidote, antifebrile[Med],

antipoison[obs3], counterpoison[obs3], antitoxin, antispasmodic;

bracer, faith cure, placebo; helminthagogue[obs3], lithagogue[obs3],

pick-meup, stimulant, tonic; vermifuge, prophylactic, corrective,

restorative; sedative &c. 174; palliative; febrifuge; alterant[obs3],

alterative; specific; antiseptic, emetic, analgesic, pain-killer,

antitussive[Med], antiinflammatory[Med], antibiotic, antiviral[Med],

antifungal[Med], carminative; Nepenthe, Mithridate. cure, treatment,

regimen; radical cure, perfect cure, certain cure; sovereign remedy.

examination, diagnosis, diagnostics; analysis, urinalysis, biopsy,

radiology. medicine, physic, Galenicals[obs3], simples, drug,

pharmaceutical, prescription, potion, draught, dose, pill, bolus,

injection, infusion, drip, suppository, electuary[obs3]; linctus[obs3],

lincture[obs3]; medicament; pharmacon[obs3]. nostrum, receipt, recipe,

prescription; catholicon[obs3], panacea, elixir, elixir vitae,

philosopher's stone; balm, balsam, cordial, theriac[obs3],

ptisan[obs3]. agueweed[obs3], arnica, benzoin, bitartrate of potash,

boneset[obs3], calomel, catnip, cinchona, cream of tartar, Epsom

salts[Chem]; feverroot[obs3], feverwort; friar's balsam, Indian sage;

ipecac, ipecacuanha; jonquil, mercurous chloride, Peruvian bark;

quinine, quinquina[obs3]; sassafras, yarrow. salve, ointment, cerate,

oil, lenitive, lotion, cosmetic; plaster; epithem[obs3],

embrocation[obs3], liniment, cataplasm[obs3], sinapism[obs3],

arquebusade[obs3], traumatic, vulnerary, pepastic[obs3], poultice,

collyrium[obs3], depilatory; emplastrum[obs3]; eyewater[obs3],

vesicant, vesicatory[Med]. compress, pledget[obs3]; bandage &c.

(support) 215. treatment, medical treatment, regimen; dietary,

dietetics; vis medicatrix[obs3], vis medicatrix naturae[Lat][obs3];

medecine expectante[Fr]; bloodletting, bleeding, venesection[Med],

phlebotomy, cupping, sanguisae, leeches; operation, surgical operation;

transfusion, infusion, intravenous infusion, catheter, feeding tube;

prevention, preventative medicine, immunization, inoculation,

vaccination, vaccine, shot, booster, gamma globulin. pharmacy,

pharmacology, pharmaceutics; pharmacopoeia, formulary; acology[obs3],

Materia Medica[Lat], therapeutics, posology[obs3]; homeopathy,

allopathy[obs3], heteropathy[Med], osteopathy, hydropathy[Med]; cold

water cure; dietetics; surgery, chirurgery[Med], chirurgy[obs3];

healing art, leechcraft[obs3]; orthopedics, orthopedy[obs3],

orthopraxy[obs3]; pediatrics; dentistry, midwifery, obstetrics,

gynecology; tocology[obs3]; sarcology[obs3]. hospital, infirmary;

pesthouse[obs3], lazarhouse[obs3]; lazaretto; lock hospital; maison de

sante[Fr]; ambulance. dispensary; dispensatory[obs3], drug store,

pharmacy, apothecary, druggist, chemist. Hotel des Invalides;

sanatorium, spa, pump room, well; hospice; Red Cross. doctor,

physician, surgeon; medical practitioner, general practitioner,

specialist; medical attendant, apothecary, druggist; leech; osteopath,

osteopathist[obs3]; optometrist, ophthalmologist; internist,

oncologist, gastroenterologist; epidemiologist[Med], public health

specialist; dermatologist; podiatrist; witch doctor, shaman, faith

healer, quack, exorcist; Aesculapius[obs3], Hippocrates, Galen;

accoucheur[Fr], accoucheuse[Fr], midwife, oculist, aurist[obs3];

operator; nurse, registered nurse, practical nurse, monthly nurse,

sister; nurse's aide, candystriper; dresser; bonesetter;

pharmaceutist[obs3], pharmacist, druggist, chemist,

pharmacopolist[obs3]. V. apply a remedy &c. n.; doctor, dose, physic,

nurse, minister to, attend, dress the wounds, plaster; drain; prevent

&c. 706; relieve &c. 834; palliate &c. 658; restore &c. 660; drench

with physic; bleed, cup, let blood; manicure. operate, excise, cut out;

incise. Adj. remedial; restorative &c. 660; corrective, palliative,

healing; sanatory[obs3], sanative; prophylactic, preventative,

immunizing; salutiferous &c. (salutary) 656[obs3]; medical, medicinal;

therapeutic, chirurgical[Med], epulotic|, paregoric, tonic,

corroborant, analeptic[obs3], balsamic, anodyne, hypnotic, neurotic,

narcotic, sedative, lenitive, demulcent|, emollient; depuratory[obs3];

detersive[obs3], detergent; abstersive[obs3], disinfectant,

febrifugal[obs3], alterative; traumatic, vulnerary. allopathic[obs3],

heteropathic[obs3], homeopathic, hydropathic[Med]; anthelmintic[Med];

antifebrile[Med], antiluetic[obs3]; aperient[obs3], chalybeate[obs3],

deobstruent[obs3], depurative[obs3], laxative, roborant[obs3].

dietetic, alimentary; nutritious, nutritive; peptic;

alexipharmic[obs3], alexiteric[obs3]; remediable, curable. phr. aux

grands maux les grands remedes[Fr]; Dios que da la llaga da la

medicina[Sp]; para todo hay remedio sino para la muerte[Sp]; temporis

ars medicina fere est [Lat][Ovid]; "the remedy is worse than the

disease" [Dryden]; "throw physic to the dogs, I'll none of it"

[Macbeth].

#663. Bane.—N. bane, curse; evil &c. 619; hurtfulness &c. (badness)

649[obs3]; painfulness &c. (cause of pain) 830; scourge &c.

(punishment) 975; damnosa hereditas[Lat]; white elephant. sting, fang,

thorn, tang, bramble, brier, nettle. poison, toxin; teratogen; leaven,

virus venom; arsenic; antimony, tartar emetic; strychnine, nicotine;

miasma, miasm[obs3], mephitis[obs3], malaria, azote[obs3], sewer gas;

pest. [poisonous substances, examples] Albany hemp[obs3], arsenious

oxide, arsenious acid; bichloride of mercury; carbonic acid, carbonic

gas; choke damp, corrosive sublimate, fire damp; hydrocyanic acid,

cyanide, Prussic acid[ISA:chemsubcfp], hydrogen cyanide; marsh gas, nux

vomica[Lat], ratsbane[obs3]. [poisonous plants] hemlock, hellebore,

nightshade, belladonna, henbane, aconite; banewort[obs3], bhang,

ganja[obs3], hashish; Upas tree. [list of poisonous

substances(on-line)] Toxline. rust, worm, helminth[Med], moth, moth and

rust, fungus, mildew; dry rot; canker, cankerworm; cancer; torpedo;

viper &c. (evil doer) 913; demon &c. 980. [Science of poisons]

toxicology. Adj. baneful &c. (bad) 649; poisonous &c. (unwholesome)

657. phr. bibere venenum in auro[Lat].

_3. Contingent Subservience_

#664. Safety.—N. safety, security, surety, impregnability;

invulnerability, invulnerableness &c. Adj.; danger past, danger over;

storm blown over; coast clear; escape &c. 671; means of escape; blow

valve, safety valve, release valve, sniffing valve; safeguard,

palladium. guardianship, wardship, wardenship; tutelage, custody,

safekeeping; preservation &c. 670; protection, auspices. safe-conduct,

escort, convoy; guard, shield &c. (defense) 717; guardian angel;

tutelary god, tutelary deity, tutelary saint; genius loci. protector,

guardian; warden, warder; preserver, custodian, duenna[Sp], chaperon,

third person. watchdog, bandog[obs3]; Cerberus; watchman, patrolman,

policeman; cop, dick, fuzz, smokey, peeler|, zarp|[all slang];

sentinel, sentry, scout &c. (warning) 668; garrison; guardship[obs3].

[Means of safety] refuge &c. anchor &c. 666; precaution &c.

(preparation) 673; quarantine, cordon sanitaire[Fr]. confidence &c.

858[Sense of security]. V. be safe &c. Adj.; keep one's head above

water, tide over, save one's bacon; ride out the storm, weather the

storm; light upon one's feet, land on one's feet; bear a charmed life;

escape &c. 671. make safe, render safe &c. Adj.; protect; take care of

&c. (care) 459; preserve &c. 670; cover, screen, shelter, shroud,

flank, ward; guard &c. (defend) 717; secure &c. (restrain) 751;

entrench, intrench[obs3], fence round &c. (circumscribe) 229; house,

nestle, ensconce; take charge of. escort, convoy; garrison; watch,

mount guard, patrol. make assurance doubly sure &c. (caution) 864; take

up a loose thread; take precautions &c. (prepare for) 673; double reef

topsails. seek safety; take shelter, find shelter &c. 666. Adj. safe,

secure, sure; in safety, in security; on the safe side; under the

shield of, under the shade of, under the wing of, under the shadow of

one's wing; under cover, under lock and key; out of danger, out of the

woods, out of the meshes, out of harm's way; unharmed, unscathed; on

sure ground, at anchor, high and dry, above water; unthreatened[obs3],

unmolested; protected &c. v.; cavendo tutus[Lat]; panoplied &c.

(defended) 717[obs3]. snug, seaworthy; weatherproof, waterproof,

fireproof. defensible, tenable, proof against, invulnerable;

unassailable, unattackable, impenetrable; impregnable, imperdible|;

inexpugnable; Achillean[obs3]. safe and sound &c. (preserved)

670;scathless &c. (perfect) 650[obs3]; unhazarded[obs3]; not dangerous

&c. 665. unthreatening, harmless; friendly (cooperative) 709.

protecting, protective &c. v.; guardian, tutelary; preservative &c.

670; trustworthy &c 939. adv. ex abundanti cautela[Lat][obs3]; with

impunity. phr. all's well; salva res est[Lat]; suave mari magno[Lat]; a

couvert[Fr]; e terra alterius spectare laborem [Lat][Lucretius]; Dieu

vous garde[Fr].

#665. Danger.—N. danger, peril, insecurity, jeopardy, risk, hazard,

venture, precariousness, slipperiness; instability &c. 149;

defenselessness &c. Adj. exposure &c. (liability) 177; vulnerability;

vulnerable point, heel of Achilles[obs3]; forlorn hope &c.

(hopelessness) 859. [Dangerous course] leap in the dark &c. (rashness)

863; road to ruin, faciles descensus Averni [Lat][Vergil], hairbreadth

escape. cause for alarm; source of danger &c. 667. rock ahead[Approach

of danger], breakers ahead; storm brewing; clouds in the horizon,

clouds gathering; warning &c. 668; alarm &c. 669. [Sense of danger]

apprehension &c. 860. V. be in danger &c. Adj.; be exposed to danger,

run into danger, incur danger, encounter danger &c. n.; run a risk; lay

oneself open to &c. (liability) 177; lean on a broken reed, trust to a

broken reed; feel the ground sliding from under one, have to run for

it; have the chances against one, have the odds against one, face long

odds; be in deep trouble, be between a rock and a hard place. hang by a

thread, totter; sleep on a volcano, stand on a volcano; sit on a barrel

of gunpowder, live in a glass house. bring in danger, place in danger,

put in danger, place in jeopardy, put in jeopardy &c. n.; endanger,

expose to danger, imperil; jeopard[obs3], jeopardize; compromise; sail

too near the wind &c. (rash) 863. adventure, risk, hazard, venture,

stake, set at hazard; run the gauntlet &c. (dare) 861; engage in a

forlorn hope. threaten danger &c. 909; run one hard; lay a trap for &c.

(deceive) 545. Adj. in danger &c. n.; endangered &c. v.; fraught with

danger; dangerous, hazardous, perilous, parlous, periculous|; unsafe,

unprotected &c. (safe, protect &c. 664);insecure, untrustworthy; built

upon sand, on a sandy basis; wildcat. defenseless, fenceless,

guardless[obs3], harborless; unshielded; vulnerable, expugnable[obs3],

exposed; open to &c. (liable) 177. aux abois[Fr], at bay; on the wrong

side of the wall, on a lee shore, on the rocks. at stake, in question;

precarious, critical, ticklish; slippery, slippy; hanging by a thread

&c. v.; with a halter round one's neck; between the hammer and the

anvil, between Scylla and Charybdis, between a rock and a hard place,

between the devil and the deep blue sea, between two fires; on the edge

of a precipice, on the brink of a precipice, on the verge of a

precipice, on the edge of a volcano; in the lion's den, on slippery

ground, under fire; not out of the wood. unwarned, unadmonished,

unadvised, unprepared &c. 674; off one's guard &c. (inexpectant)

508[obs3]. tottering; unstable, unsteady; shaky, top-heavy, tumbledown,

ramshackle, crumbling, waterlogged; helpless, guideless[obs3]; in a bad

way; reduced to the last extremity, at the last extremity; trembling in

the balance; nodding to its fall &c. (destruction) 162. threatening &c.

909; ominous, illomened; alarming &c. (fear) 860; explosive.

adventurous &c. (rash) 863, (bold) 861. Phr. incidit in Scyllam qui

vult vitare Charybdim[Lat]; nam tua res agitur paries dum proximus

ardet[Lat].

#666. [Means of safety.] Refuge.—N. refuge, sanctuary, retreat,

fastness; acropolis; keep, last resort; ward; prison &c. 752; asylum,

ark, home, refuge for the destitute; almshouse[obs3]; hiding place &c.

(ambush) 530; sanctum sanctorum &c. (privacy) 893[Lat]. roadstead,

anchorage; breakwater, mole, port, haven; harbor, harbor of refuge;

seaport; pier, jetty, embankment, quay. covert, cover, shelter, screen,

lee wall, wing, shield, umbrella; barrier; dashboard, dasher [U.S.].

wall &c. (inclosure) 232; fort &c. (defense) 717. anchor, kedge;

grapnel, grappling iron; sheet anchor, killick[obs3]; mainstay; support

&c. 215; cheek &c. 706; ballast. jury mast; vent-peg; safety valve,

blow-off valve; safety lamp; lightning rod, lightning conductor; safety

belt, airbag, seat belt; antilock brakes, antiskid tires, snow tires.

means of escape &c. (escape) 671 lifeboat, lifejacket, life buoy,

swimming belt, cork jacket; parachute, plank, steppingstone; emergency

landing. safeguard &c. (protection) 664. V. seek refuge, take refuge,

find refuge &c. n.; seek safety, find safety &c. 664; throw oneself

into the arms of; break for taller timber [U. S.]. create a diversion.

Phr. any port in a storm; bibere venenum in auro[Lat]; valet anchora

virtus[obs3].

#667. [Source of danger.] Pitfall.—N. rocks, reefs, coral reef,

sunken rocks, snags; sands, quicksands; syrt|, syrtis|; Goodwin sands,

sandy foundation; slippery ground; breakers, shoals, shallows, bank,

shelf, flat, lee shore, ironbound coast; rock ahead, breakers ahead.

precipice; maelstrom, volcano; ambush &c. 530; pitfall, trapdoor; trap

&c. (snare) 545. sword of Damocles; wolf at the door, snake in the

grass, death in the pot; latency &c. 526. ugly customer, dangerous

person, le chat qui dort[Fr]; firebrand, hornet's nest. Phr. latet

anquis in herba [Lat][Vergil]; proximus ardet Ucalegon [Lat][Vergil].

#668. Warning.—N. warning, early warning, caution, caveat; notice

&c. (information) 527; premonition, premonishment[obs3]; prediction &c.

511; contraindication, lesson, dehortation[obs3]; admonition, monition;

alarm &c. 669. handwriting on the wall, mene mene tekel upharsin, red

flag, yellow flag; fog-signal, foghorn; siren; monitor, warning voice,

Cassandra[obs3], signs of the times, Mother Cary's chickens[obs3],

stormy petrel, bird of ill omen, gathering clouds, clouds in the

horizon, death watch. watchtower, beacon, signal post; lighthouse &c.

(indication of locality) 550. sentinel, sentry; watch, watchman; watch

and ward; watchdog, bandog[obs3], housedog[obs3]; patrol, patrolman,

vedette[obs3], picket, bivouac, scout, spy, spial|; undercover agent,

mole, plainclothesman; advanced guard, rear guard; lookout.

cautiousness &c. 864. monitor, guard camera, radar, AWACS, spy

satellite, spy-in-the-sky, U2 plane, spy plane. V. warn, caution;

forewarn, prewarn[obs3]; admonish, premonish[obs3]; give notice, give

warning, dehort[obs3]; menace &c. (threaten) 909; put on one's guard;

sound the alarm &c. 669; croak. beware, ware; take warning, take heed

at one's peril; keep watch and ward &c. (care) 459. Adj. warning &c.

v.; premonitory, monitory, cautionary; admonitory, admonitive[obs3];

sematic[Biol]. warned, forewarned &c. v.; on one's guard &c. (careful)

459, (cautious) 864. Adv. in terrorem[Lat] &c. (threat) 909. Int.

beware! ware! take care! look out! fore![golf], mind what you are

about!, take care what you are about! mind! Phr. ne reveillez pas le

chat qui dort [French: don't wake a sleeping cat]; foenum habet in

cornu[Lat]; caveat actor; le silence du people est la legon des

rois[Fr]; verbum sat sapienti [Latin: a word to the wise is

sufficient]; un averti en vaut deux[Fr].

#669. [Indication of danger.] Alarm.—N. alarm; alarum, larum[obs3],

alarm bell, tocsin, alerts, beat of drum, sound of trumpet, note of

alarm, hue and cry, fire cross, signal of distress; blue lights;

war-cry, war- whoop; warning &c. 668; fogsignal, foghorn; yellow flag;

danger signal; red light, red flag; fire bell; police whistle. false

alarm, cry of wolf; bug-bear, bugaboo. V. give the alarm, raise the

alarm, sound the alarm, turn in the alarm, beat the alarm, give an

alarm, raise an alarm, sound an alarm, turn in an alarm, beat an alarm

&c. n.; alarm; warn &c. 668; ring the tocsin; battre la generale[Fr];

cry wolf. Adj. alarming &c. v. Int. sauve qui peut[Fr]! [French: every

man for himself]; qui vive? [Fr].

#670. Preservation.—N. preservation; safe-keeping; conservation &c.

(storage) 636; maintenance, support, susteritation[obs3], conservatism;

vis conservatrix[obs3]; salvation &c. (deliverance) 672. [Means of

preservation] prophylaxis; preserver, preservative, additive;

antibiotics, antifungals[Med], biocide; hygiastics[obs3],

hygiantics[obs3]; cover, drugget[obs3]; cordon sanitaire[Fr]; canning;

ensilage; tinned goods, canned goods. [Superstitious remedies] snake

oil, spider webs, cure-all; laetrile; charm &c. 993. V. preserve,

maintain, keep, sustain, support, hold; keep up, keep alive;

refrigerate, keep on ice; not willingly let die; bank up; nurse; save,

rescue; be safe, make safe &c. 664; take care of &c. (care) 459; guard

&c. (defend) 717. stare super antiquas vias [Lat][Bacon]; hold one's

own; hold one's ground, stand one's ground &c. (resist) 719. embalm,

cure, salt, pickle, season, kyanize|, bottle, pot, tin, can; sterilize,

pasteurize, radiate; dry, lyophilize[Chem], freeze-dry, concentrate,

evaporate; freeze, quick-freeze, deep-freeze; husband &c. (store) 636.

Adj. preserving &c. v.; conservative; prophylactic; preservatory[obs3],

preservative; hygienic. preserved &c. v.; unimpaired, unbroken,

uninjured, unhurt, unsinged[obs3], unmarred; safe, safe and sound;

intact, with a whole skin. Phr. nolumus leges Angliae

mutari[Lat][obs3].

#671. Escape.—N. escape, scape; avolation|, elopement, flight;

evasion &c. (avoidance) 623; retreat; narrow escape, hairbreadth

escape; close call; come off, impunity. [Means of escape] loophole &c.

(opening) 260; path &c. 627; refuse &c. 666; vent, vent peg; safety

valve; drawbridge, fire escape. reprieve &c. (deliverance) 672;

liberation &c. 750. refugee &c. (fugitive) 623. V. escape, scape; make

one's escape, effect one's escape, make good one's escape; break jail;

get off, get clear off, get well out of; echapper belle[Fr], save one's

bacon, save one's skin; weather the storm &c. (safe) 664; escape

scot-free. elude &c., make off &c. (avoid) 623; march off &c. (go away)

293; give one the slip; slip through the hands, slip through the

fingers; slip the collar, wriggle out of prison, break out, break

loose, break loose from prison; break away, slip away, get away; find

vent, find a hole to creep out of. disappear, vanish. Adj..escaping,

escaped &c. v. stolen away, fled. Phr. the bird has flown the coop.

#672. Deliverance.—N. deliverance, extrication, rescue; reprieve,

reprieval[obs3]; respite; liberation &c. 750; emancipation; redemption,

salvation; riddance; gaol delivery; redeemableness[obs3]. V. deliver,

extricate, rescue, save, emancipate, redeem, ransom; bring off, bring

through; tirer d'affaire[Fr], get the wheel out of the rut, snatch from

the jaws of death, come to the rescue; rid; retrieve &c. (restore) 660;

be rid of, get rid of. Adj. saved &c. v. extricable, redeemable,

rescuable. Int. to the rescue!

3. Precursory Measures

#673. Preparation.—N. preparation; providing &c. v.; provision,

providence; anticipation &c. (foresight) 510; precaution,

preconcertation[obs3], predisposition; forecast &c. (plan) 626;

rehearsal, note of preparation. [Putting in order] arrangement &c. 60;

clearance; adjustment &c. 23; tuning; equipment, outfit, accouterment,

armament, array. ripening &c. v.; maturation, evolution; elaboration,

concoction, digestion; gestation, batching, incubation, sitting.

groundwork, first stone, cradle, stepping-stone; foundation, scaffold

&c. (support) 215; scaffolding, echafaudage[Fr]. [Preparation of men]

training &c. (education) 537; inurement &c. (habit) 613; novitiate;

cooking[ Preparation of food], cookery; brewing, culinary art;

tilling[ Preparation of the soil], plowing, sowing; semination[obs3],

cultivation. [State of being prepared] preparedness, readiness,

ripeness, mellowness; maturity; un impromptu fait a loisir[Fr].

[Preparer] preparer, trainer; pioneer, trailblazer; avant-

courrier[Fr], avant-coureur[Fr]; voortrekker[Afrikaans]; sappers and

miners, pavior[obs3], navvy[obs3]; packer, stevedore; warming pan. V.

prepare; get ready, make ready; make preparations, settle

preliminaries, get up, sound the note of preparation. set in order, put

in order &c. (arrange) 60; forecast &c. (plan) 626 prepare the ground,

plow the ground, dress the ground; till the soil, cultivate the soil;

predispose, sow the seed, lay a train, dig a mine; lay the groundwork,

fix the groundwork, lay the basis, fix the basis, lay the foundations,

fix the foundations; dig the foundations, erect the scaffolding; lay

the first stone &c. (begin) 66. roughhew; cut out work; block out,

hammer out; lick into shape &c. (form) 240. elaborate, mature, ripen,

mellow, season, bring to maturity; nurture &c. (aid) 707; hatch, cook,

brew; temper, anneal, smelt; barbecue; infumate|; maturate. equip, arm,

man; fit-out, fit up; furnish, rig, dress, garnish, betrim[obs3],

accouter, array, fettle, fledge; dress up, furbish up, brush up, vamp

up; refurbish; sharpen one's tools, trim one's foils, set, prime,

attune; whet the knife, whet the sword; wind up, screw up; adjust &c.

(fit) 27; put in trim, put in train, put in gear, put in working order,

put in tune, put in a groove for, put in harness; pack. train &c.

(teach) 537; inure &c. (habituate) 613; breed; prepare &c. for;

rehearse; make provision for; take steps, take measures, take

precautions; provide, provide against; beat up for recruits; open the

door to &c. (facilitate) 705. set one's house in order, make all snug;

clear the decks, clear for action; close one's ranks; shuffle the

cards. prepare oneself; serve an apprenticeship &c. (learn) 539; lay

oneself out for, get into harness, gird up one's loins, buckle on one's

armor, reculer pour mieux sauter[Fr], prime and load, shoulder arms,

get the steam up, put the horses to. guard against, make sure against;

forearm, make sure, prepare for the evil day, have a rod in pickle,

provide against a rainy day, feather one's nest; lay in provisions &c.

637; make investments; keep on foot. be prepared, be ready &c. Adj.;

hold oneself in readiness, keep one's powder dry; lie in wait for &c.

(expect) 507; anticipate &c. (foresee) 510; principiis obstare[Lat];

veniente occurrere morbo[Lat].

Adj. preparing &c. v.; in preparation, in course of preparation,

in agitation, in embryo, in hand, in train; afoot, afloat; on

foot, on the stocks, on the anvil; under consideration &c. (plan)

626; brewing, batching, forthcoming, brooding; in store for, in

reserve. precautionary, provident; preparative, preparatory;

provisional, inchoate, under revision; preliminary &c. (precedent)

62. prepared &c. v.; in readiness; ready, ready to one's band,

ready made, ready cut and dried; made to one's hand, handy, on the

table; in gear; in working order, in working gear; snug; in

practice. ripe, mature, mellow; pukka[obs3]; practiced &c.

(skilled) 698; labored, elaborate, highly-wrought, smelling of the

lamp, worked up. in full feather, in best bib and tucker; in

harness, at harness; in the saddle, in arms, in battle array, in

war paint; up in arms; armed at all points, armed to the teeth,

armed cap a pie; sword in hand; booted and spurred. in utrumque

paratus[Lat], semper paratus[Lat]; on the alert &c. (vigilant)

459; at one's post. Adv. in preparation, in anticipation of;

against, for; abroach[obs3]. Phr. a bove majori discit arare

minor[Lat]; "looking before and after" [Hamlet], si vis pacem para

bellum[Lat].

#674. Nonpreparation.—N. non-preparation, absence of preparation,

want of preparation; inculture|, inconcoction|, improvidence.

immaturity, crudity; rawness &c. Adj.; abortion; disqualification.

[Absence of art] nature, state of nature; virgin soil, unweeded garden;

neglect &c. 460. rough copy &c. (plan) 626; germ &c. 153; raw material

&c. 635. improvisation &c. (impulse) 612. V. be unprepared &c. Adj.;

want preparation, lack preparation; lie fallow; s'embarquer sans

biscuits[Fr]; live from hand to mouth. [Render unprepared] dismantle

&c. (render useless) 645; undress &c. 226. extemporize, improvise, ad

lib. Adj. unprepared &c. [prepare &c. 673]; without preparation &c.

673; incomplete &c. 53; rudimental, embryonic, abortive; immature,

unripe, kachcha[obs3], raw, green, crude; coarse; rough cast, rough

hewn; in the rough; unhewn[obs3], unformed, unfashioned[obs3],

unwrought, unlabored[obs3], unblown, uncooked, unboiled, unconcocted,

unpolished. unhatched, unfledged, unnurtured[obs3], unlicked[obs3],

untaught, uneducated, uncultivated,. untrained, untutored, undrilled,

unexercised; deckle-edged[obs3]; precocious, premature; undigested,

indigested[obs3]; unmellowed[obs3], unseasoned, unleavened.

unrehearsed, unscripted, extemporaneous, improvised, spontaneous, ad

lib, ad libitem [Latin]. fallow; unsown, untilled; natural, in a state

of nature; undressed; in dishabille, en deshabille[Fr]. unqualified,

disqualified; unfitted; ill-digested; unbegun, unready,

unarranged[obs3], unorganized, unfurnished, unprovided, unequipped,

untrimmed; out of gear, out of order; dismantled &c. v. shiftless,

improvident, unthrifty, thriftless, thoughtless, unguarded;

happy-go-lucky; caught napping &c. (inexpectant) 508[obs3];

unpremeditated &c. 612. Adv. extempore &c. 612.

#675. Essay.—N. essay, trial, endeavor, attempt; aim, struggle,

venture, adventure, speculation, coup d'essai[Fr], debut; probation &c.

(experiment) 463. V. try, essay; experiment &c. 463; endeavor, strive;

tempt, attempt, make an attempt; venture, adventure, speculate, take

one's chance, tempt fortune; try one's fortune, try one's luck, try

one's hand; use one's endeavor; feel one's way, grope one's way, pick

one's way. try hard, push, make a bold push, use one's best endeavor;

do one's best &c. (exertion) 686. Adj. essaying &c. v.; experimental

&c. 463; tentative, empirical, probationary. Adv. experimentally &c.

Adj.; on trial, at a venture; by rule of thumb. if one may be so bold.

Phr. aut non tentaris aut perfice [Lat][Ovid]; chi non s'arrischia non

guadagna[Fr][obs3].

#676. Undertaking.—N. undertaking; compact &c. 769; adventure,

venture; engagement &c. (promise) 768; enterprise, emprise[obs3];

pilgrimage; matter in hand &c. (business ) 625; move; first move &c.

(beginning) 66. V. undertake; engage in, embark in; launch into, plunge

into; volunteer; apprentice oneself to; engage &c. (promise) 768;

contract &c. 769; take upon oneself, take upon one's shoulders; devote

oneself to &c. (determination) 604. take up, take in hand; tackle; set

about, go about; set to, fall to, set to work; launch forth; set up

shop; put in hand, put in execution; set forward; break the neck of a

business, be in, for; put one's hand to, put one's foot in; betake

oneself to, turn one's hand to, go to do; begin &c. 66; broach,

institute &c. one's (originate) 153; put one's hand to the plow, lay

one's hand to the plow, put one's shoulder to the wheel. have in hand

&c. (business) 625; have many irons in the fire &c. (activity) 682.

Adj. undertaking &c. v.; on the anvil &c. 625. Int. here goes!

#677. Use.—N. use; employ, employment; exercise,

exercitation[obs3]; application, appliance; adhibition[obs3], disposal;

consumption; agency &c. (physical) 170; usufruct; usefulness &c. 644;

benefit; recourse, resort, avail. [Conversion to use] utilization,

service, wear. [Way of using] usage. V. use,.make use of, employ, put

to use; put in action, put in operation, put in practice; set in

motion, set to work. ply, work, wield, handle, manipulate; play, play

off; exert, exercise, practice, avail oneself of, profit by, resort to,

have recourse to, recur to, take betake oneself to; take up with, take

advantage of; lay one's hands on, try. render useful &c. 644; mold;

turn to account, turn to use; convert to use, utilize; work up; call

into play, bring into play; put into requisition; call forth, draw

forth; press into service, enlist into the service; bring to bear

upon, devote, dedicate, consecrate, apply, adhibit[obs3], dispose of;

make a handle of, make a cat's-paw of. fall back upon, make a shift

with; make the most of, make the best of. use up, swallow up; consume,

absorb, expend; tax, task, wear, put to task. Adj. in use; used &c. v.;

well-worn, well-trodden. useful &c. 644; subservient &c. (instrumental)

631.

#678. Disuse.—N. forbearance, abstinence; disuse; relinquishment

&c. 782; desuetude &c. (want of habit) 614; disusage[obs3]. V. not use;

do without, dispense with, let alone, not touch, forbear, abstain,

spare, waive, neglect; keep back, reserve. lay up, lay by, lay on the

shelf, keep on the shelf, lay up in ordinary; lay up in a napkin;

shelve; set aside, put aside, lay aside; disuse, leave off, have done

with; supersede; discard &c. (eject) 297; dismiss, give warning. throw

aside &c. (relinquish) 782; make away with &c. (destroy) 162; cast

overboard, heave overboard, throw overboard; cast to the dogs, cast to

the winds; dismantle &c. (Render useless) 645. lie unemployed, remain

unemployed &c. Adj. Adj. not used &c. v.; unemployed, unapplied,

undisposed of, unspent, unexercised, untouched, untrodden,

unessayed[obs3], ungathered[obs3], unculled; uncalled for, not

required. disused &c. v.; done with.

#679. Misuse.—N. misuse, misusage, misemployment[obs3],

#

misapplication, misappropriation.

abuse, profanation, prostitution, desecration; waste &c. 638.

V. misuse, misemploy, misapply, misappropriate.

desecrate, abuse, profane, prostitute; waste &c. 638; overtask,

overtax, overwork; squander &c. 818.

cut blocks with a razor, employ a steam engine to crack a nut;

catch

at a straw.

Adj. misused &c. v.

Phr. ludere cum sacris[Lat].

SECTION III. VOLUNTARY ACTION

1. Simple voluntary Action