#538. Misteaching.—N. misteaching[obs3], misinformaton,

#

misintelligence[obs3], misguidance, misdirection, mispersuasion[obs3],

misinstruction[obs3], misleading &c.v.; perversion, false teaching;

sophistry &c 477; college of Laputa; the blind leading the blind.

[misteaching by government agents] propaganda, disinformation,

agitprop; indoctrination.

V. misinform, misteach[obs3], misdescribe[obs3],

misinstruct[obs3],

miscorrect[obs3]; misdirect, misguide; pervert; put on a false scent,

throw

off the scent, throw off the trail; deceive &c 545; mislead &c (error)

495;

misrepresent; lie &c 544; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces

[Lat][Vergil].

propagandize, disinform.

render unintelligible &c 519; bewilder &c (uncertainty) 475;

mystify

&c. (conceal) 528; unteach.

[person or government agent who misteaches] propagandist.

Adj. misteaching &c.v[obs3]; unedifying.

Phr. piscem natare doces [Lat]; the blind leading the blind.

#539. Learning—N. learning; acquisition of knowledge &c 490,

acquisition of skill &c 698; acquirement, attainment; edification,

scholarship, erudition; acquired knowledge, lore, wide information;

self- instruction; study, reading, perusal; inquiry &c 451.

apprenticeship, prenticeship[obs3]; pupilage, pupilarity[obs3];

tutelage, novitiate, matriculation. docility &c (willingness) 602;

aptitude &c 698. V. learn; acquire knowledge, gain knowledge, receive

knowledge, take in knowledge, drink in knowledge, imbibe knowledge,

pick up knowledge, gather knowledge, get knowledge, obtain knowledge,

collect knowledge, glean knowledge, glean information, glean learning.

acquaint oneself with, master; make oneself master of, make oneself

acquainted with; grind, cram; get up, coach up; learn by heart, learn

by rote. read, spell, peruse; con over, pore over, thumb over; wade

through; dip into; run the eye over, run the eye through; turn over the

leaves. study; be studious &c adj. [study intensely] burn the midnight

oil, consume the midnight oil, mind one's book; cram. go to school, go

to college, go to the university; matriculate; serve an (or one's)

apprenticeship, serve one's time; learn one's trade; be informed &c

527; be taught &c 537. [stop going to school voluntarily

(intransitive)] drop out, leave school, quit school; graduate;

transfer; take a leave. [cause to stop going to school (transitive)]

dismiss, expel, kick out of school. [stop going to school

involuntarily] flunk out; be dismissed &c. Adj. studious; scholastic,

scholarly; teachable; docile &c (willing) 602; apt &c 698, industrious

&c 682. Adv. at one's books; in statu pupillari &c (learner) 541[Lat].

Phr. "a lumber-house of books in every head" [Pope]; ancora

imparo[Lat][obs3]! "hold high converse with the mighty dead" [Thomson];

"lash'd into Latin by the tingling rod" [Gay].

#540. Teacher.—N. teacher, trainer, instructor, institutor, master,

#

tutor, director, Corypheus, dry nurse, coach, grinder, crammer, don;

governor, bear leader; governess, duenna[Sp]; disciplinarian.

professor, lecturer, reader, prelector[obs3], prolocutor,

preacher;

chalk talker, khoja[obs3]; pastor &c (clergy) 996; schoolmaster,

dominie[Fr], usher, pedagogue, abecedarian; schoolmistress, dame,

monitor,

pupil teacher.

expositor &c 524; preceptor, guide; guru; mentor &c (adviser) 695;

pioneer, apostle, missionary, propagandist, munshi[obs3], example &c

(model

for imitation) 22.

professorship &c (school) 542.

tutelage &c (teaching) 537.

Adj. professorial.

Phr. qui doet discet[Lat].

#541. Learner.—N. learner, scholar, student, pupil; apprentice,

#

prentice[obs3], journeyman; articled clerk; beginner, tyro, amateur,

rank

amateur; abecedarian, alphabetarian[obs3]; alumnus, eleve[Fr].

recruit, raw recruit, novice, neophyte, inceptor[obs3],

catechumen,

probationer; seminarian, chela, fellow-commoner; debutant.

[apprentice medical doctors] intern; resident.

schoolboy; fresh, freshman, frosh; junior soph[obs3], junior;

senior

soph[obs3], senior; sophister[obs3], sophomore; questionist[obs3].

[college and university students] undergraduate; graduate student;

law

student; medical student; pre-med; post-doctoral student, post-doc;

matriculated student; part-time student, night student, auditor.

[group of learners] class, grade, seminar, form, remove; pupilage

&c

(learning) 539.

disciple, follower, apostle, proselyte; fellow-student,

condisciple[obs3].

[place of learning] school &c. 542.

V. learn; practise.

Adj. in statu pupillari[Lat], in leading strings.

Phr. practise makes perfect.

#542. School.—N. school, academy, university, alma mater, college,

seminary, Lyceum; institute, institution; palaestra, Gymnasium, class,

seminar. day school, boarding school, preparatory school, primary

school, infant school, dame's school, grammar school, middle class

school, Board school, denominational school, National school, British

and Foreign school, collegiate school, art school, continuation school,

convent school, County Council school, government school, grant-in-aid

school, high school, higher grade school, military school, missionary

school, naval school, naval academy, state-aided school, technical

school, voluntary school, school; school of art; kindergarten, nursery,

creche, reformatory. pulpit, lectern, soap box desk, reading desk,

ambo[obs3], lecture room, theater, auditorium, amphitheater, forum,

state, rostrum, platform, hustings, tribune. school book, horn book,

text book; grammar, primer, abecedary[obs3], rudiments, manual, vade

mecum; encyclopedia, cyclopedia; Lindley Murray, Cocker; dictionary,

lexicon. professorship, lectureship, readership, fellowship, tutorship;

chair. School Board Council of Education; Board of Education; Board of

Studies, Prefect of Studies; Textbook Committee; propaganda. Adj.

scholastic, academic, collegiate; educational. Adv. ex cathedra[Lat].

#543. Veracity.—N. veracity; truthfulness, frankness, &c. adj.;

truth, sincerity, candor, unreserve|!, honesty, fidelity; plain

dealing, bona fides[Lat]; love of truth; probity &c. 939; ingenuousness

&c (artlessness) 703. the truth the whole truth and nothing but the

truth; honest truth, sober truth &c (fact) 494; unvarnished tale; light

of truth. V. speak the truth, tell the truth; speak by the card; paint

in its true colors, show oneself in one's true colors; make a clean

breast &c (disclose) 529; speak one's mind &c. (be blunt) 703; not lie

&c 544, not deceive &c. 545. Adj. truthful, true; veracious, veridical;

scrupulous &c (honorable) 939; sincere, candid, frank, open,

straightforward, unreserved; open hearted, true hearted,

simple-hearted; honest, trustworthy; undissembling &c (dissemble &c

544)[obs3]; guileless, pure; truth-loving; unperjured[obs3]; true blue,

as good as one's word; unaffected, unfeigned, bona fide; outspoken,

ingenuous &c (artless) 703; undisguised &c (real) 494. uncontrived.

Adv. truly &c (really) 494; in plain words &c 703; in truth, with

truth, of a truth, in good truth; as the dial to the sun, as the needle

to the pole; honor bright; troth; in good sooth[obs3], in good earnest;

unfeignedly, with no nonsense, in sooth[obs3], sooth to say[obs3], bona

fide, in foro conscientiae[Lat]; without equivocation; cartes sur

table, from the bottom of one's heart; by my troth &c (affirmation)

535. Phr. di il vero a affronterai il diavolo[It][obs3]; Dichtung und

Wahrheit[Ger]; esto quod esse videris[Lat]; magna est veritas et

praevalet[Lat]; "that golden key that opes the palace of eternity"

[Milton]; veritas odium parit[Lat]; veritatis simplex oratio est[Lat];

verite sans peur[Fr].

#544. Falsehood.—N. falsehood, falseness; falsity, falsification;

deception &c. 545; untruth &c 546; guile; lying &c. 454; untruth &c

546; guile; lying &c. v. misrepresentation; mendacity, perjury, false

swearing; forgery, invention, fabrication; subreption[obs3];

covin[obs3]. perversion of truth, suppression of truth; suppressio

veri[Lat]; perversion, distortion, false coloring; exaggeration &c 549;

prevarication, equivocation, shuffling, fencing, evasion, fraud;

suggestio falsi &c (lie) 546[Lat]; mystification &c (concealment) 528;

simulation &c (imitation) 19; dissimulation, dissembling; deceit;

blague[obs3]. sham; pretense, pretending, malingering. lip homage, lip

service; mouth honor; hollowness; mere show, mere outside; duplicity,

double dealing, insincerity, hypocrisy, cant, humbug; jesuitism,

jesuitry; pharisaism; Machiavelism, "organized hypocrisy"; crocodile

tears, mealy-mouthedness[obs3], quackery; charlatanism[obs3],

charlatanry; gammon; bun-kum[obs3], bumcombe, flam; bam*[obs3],

flimflam, cajolery, flattery; Judas kiss; perfidy &c (bad faith) 940;

il volto sciolto i pensieri stretti[It]. unfairness &c (dishonesty)

940; artfulness &c (cunning) 702; misstatement &c (error) 495. V. be

false &c adj., be a liar &c 548; speak falsely &c adv.; tell a lie &c.

546; lie, fib; lie like a trooper; swear false, forswear, perjure

oneself, bear false witness. misstate, misquote, miscite[obs3],

misreport, misrepresent; belie, falsify, pervert, distort; put a false

construction upon &c. (misinterpret) prevaricate, equivocate, quibble;

palter, palter to the understanding; repondre en Normand[Fr]; trim,

shuffle, fence, mince the truth, beat about the bush, blow hot and

cold, play fast and loose. garble, gloss over, disguise, give a color

to; give a gloss, put a gloss, put false coloring upon; color, varnish,

cook, dress up, embroider; varnish right and puzzle wrong; exaggerate

&c 549; blague[obs3]. invent, fabricate; trump up, get up; force, fake,

hatch, concoct; romance &c (imagine) 515; cry "wolf!" dissemble,

dissimulate; feign, assume, put on, pretend, make believe; play possum;

play false, play a double game; coquet; act a part, play a part; affect

&c. 855; simulate, pass off for; counterfeit, sham, make a show of;

malinger; say the grapes are sour. cant, play the hypocrite, sham

Abraham, faire pattes de velours, put on the mask, clean the outside of

the platter, lie like a conjuror; hand out false colors, hold out false

colors, sail under false colors; "commend the poisoned chalice to the

lips" [Macbeth]; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces [Lat]; deceive &c

545. Adj. false, deceitful, mendacious, unveracious, fraudulent,

dishonest, faithless, truthless, trothless; unfair, uncandid;

hollow-hearted; evasive; uningenuous, disingenuous; hollow, sincere,

Parthis mendacior; forsworn. artificial, contrived; canting;

hypocritical, jesuitical, pharisaical; tartuffish; Machiavelian;

double, double tongued, double faced, double handed, double minded,

double hearted, double dealing; Janus faced; smooth- faced, smooth

spoken, smooth tongued; plausible; mealy-mouthed; affected &c 855.

collusive, collusory; artful &c. (cunning) 702; perfidious &c 940;

spurious &c (deceptive) 545; untrue &c 546; falsified &c v.; covinous.

Adv. falsely &c adj.; a la tartufe, with a double tongue; silly &c

(cunning) 702. Phr. blandae mendacia lingua[Lat]; falsus in uno falsus

in omnibus[Lat]; "I give him joy that's awkward at a lie" [Young]; la

mentira tiene las piernas cortas [Sp]; "O what a goodly outside

falsehood hath" [Merchant of Venice].

#545. Deception.—N. deception; falseness &c 544; untruth &c 546;

imposition, imposture; fraud, deceit, guile; fraudulence,

fraudulency[obs3]; covin[obs3]; knavery &c. (cunning) 702;

misrepresentation &c (falsehood) 544; bluff; straw-bail, straw bid

[U.S.]; spoof*. delusion, gullery[obs3]; juggling, jugglery[obs3];

slight of hand, legerdemain; prestigiation|, prestidigitation; magic &c

992; conjuring, conjuration; hocus-pocus, escamoterie[obs3],

jockeyship[obs3]; trickery, coggery|, chicanery; supercherie[obs3],

cozenage[obs3], circumvention, ingannation|, collusion; treachery &c

940; practical joke. trick, cheat, wile, blind, feint, plant, bubble,

fetch, catch, chicane, juggle, reach, hocus, bite; card sharping,

stacked deck, loaded dice, quick shuffle, double dealing, dealing

seconds, dealing from the bottom of the deck; artful dodge, swindle;

tricks upon travelers; stratagem &c (artifice) 702; confidence trick,

fake, hoax; theft &c. 791; ballot-box stuffing barney*[obs3][U.S.],

brace* game, bunko game, drop* game, gum* game, panel game[U.S.];

shell game, thimblerig; skin* game [U.S.]. snare, trap, pitfall, decoy,

gin; springe[obs3], springle|; noose, hoot; bait, decoy-duck, tub to

the whale, baited trap, guet-a-pens; cobweb, net, meshes, toils, mouse

trap, birdlime; dionaea[obs3], Venus's flytrap[obs3]; ambush &c 530;

trapdoor, sliding panel, false bottom; spring-net, spring net, spring

gun, mask, masked battery; mine; flytrap[obs3]; green goods [U.S.];

panel house. Cornish hug; wolf in sheep's clothing &c (deceiver) 548;

disguise, disguisement[obs3]; false colors, masquerade, mummery,

borrowed plumes; pattes de velours[Fr]. mockery &c (imitation) 19; copy

&c 21; counterfeit, sham, make- believe, forgery, fraud; lie &c 546; "a

delusion a mockery and a snare" [Denman], hollow mockery. whited

sepulcher, painted sepulcher; tinsel; paste, junk jewelry, costume

jewelry, false jewelry, synthetic jewels; scagliola[obs3], ormolu,

German silver, albata[obs3], paktong[obs3], white metal, Britannia

metal, paint; veneer; jerry building; man of straw. illusion &c (error)

495; ignis fatuus &c 423[Lat]; mirage &c 443. V. deceive, take in;

defraud, cheat, jockey, do, cozen, diddle, nab, chouse, play one false,

bilk, cully[obs3], jilt, bite, pluck, swindle, victimize; abuse;

mystify; blind one's eyes; blindfold, hoodwink; throw dust into the

eyes; dupe, gull, hoax, fool, befool[obs3], bamboozle, flimflam,

hornswoggle; trick. impose upon, practice upon, play upon, put upon,

palm off on, palm upon, foist upon; snatch a verdict; bluff off, bluff;

bunko, four flush*, gum* [U.S.], spoof*, stuff (a ballot box) [U.S.].

circumvent, overreach; outreach, out wit, out maneuver; steal a march

upon, give the go-by, to leave in the lurch decoy, waylay, lure,

beguile, delude, inveigle; entrap, intrap[obs3], ensnare; nick,

springe[obs3]; set a trap, lay a trap, lay a snare for; bait the hook,

forelay[obs3], spread the toils, lime; trapan[obs3], trepan; kidnap;

let in, hook in; nousle[obs3], nousel[obs3]; blind a trail; enmesh,

immesh[obs3]; shanghai; catch, catch in a trap; sniggle, entangle,

illaqueate[obs3], hocus, escamoter[obs3], practice on one's credulity;

hum, humbug; gammon, stuff up*, sell; play a trick upon one, play a

practical joke upon one, put something over on one, put one over on;

balk, trip up, throw a tub to a whale; fool to the top of one's bent,

send on a fool's errand; make game, make a fool of, make an April fool

of[obs3], make an ass of; trifle with, cajole, flatter; come over &c.

(influence) 615; gild the pill, make things pleasant, divert, put a

good face upon; dissemble &c 544. cog, cog the dice, load the dice,

stack the deck; live by one's wits, play at hide and seek; obtain money

under false pretenses &c (steal) 791; conjure, juggle, practice

chicanery; deacon [U.S.]. play off, palm off, foist off, fob- off. lie

&c 544; misinform &c 538; mislead &c (error) 495; betray &c 940; be

deceived &c 547. Adj. deceived &c v.; deceiving &c; cunning &c 702;

prestigious|, prestigiatory|; deceptive, deceptious[obs3]; deceitful,

covinous[obs3]; delusive, delusory; illusive, illusory; elusive,

insidious, ad captandum vulgus[Lat]. untrue &c 546; mock, sham,

make-believe, counterfeit, snide*, pseudo, spurious, supposititious,

so-called, pretended, feigned, trumped up, bogus, scamped, fraudulent,

tricky, factitious;bastard; surreptitious, illegitimate, contraband,

adulterated, sophisticated; unsound, rotten at the core; colorable;

disguised; meretricious, tinsel, pinchbeck, plated; catchpenny;

Brummagem. artificial, synthetic, ersatz[&German]; simulated &c 544.

Adv. under false colors, under the garb of, under cover of; over the

left. Phr. "keep the word of promise to the ear and break it to the

hope" [Macbeth]; fronti nulla fides[Lat]; "ah that deceit should steal

such gentle shapes" [Richard III]; "a quicksand of deceit" [Henry VI];

decipimur specie recti [Lat][Horace]; falsi crimen[Lat]; fraus est

celare fraudem[Lat]; lupus in fabula[Lat]; "so smooth, he daubed his

vice with show of virtue" [Richard III].

#546. Untruth.—N. untruth, falsehood, lie, story, thing that is not,

fib, bounce, crammer, taradiddle[obs3], whopper; jhuth[obs3]. forgery,

fabrication, invention; misstatement, misrepresentation; perversion,

falsification, gloss, suggestio falsi[Lat]; exaggeration &c 549.

invention, fabrication, fiction; fable, nursery tale; romance &c

(imagination) 515; absurd story, untrue story, false story, trumped up

story, trumped up statement; thing devised by the enemy; canard; shave,

sell, hum, traveler's tale, Canterbury tale, cock and bull story, fairy

tale, fake; claptrap. press agent's yarn; puff, puffery (exaggeration)

549. myth, moonshine, bosh, all my eye and Betty Martin, mare's nest,

farce. irony; half truth, white lie, pious fraud; mental reservation &c

(concealment) 528. pretense, pretext; false plea &c 617; subterfuge,

evasion, shift, shuffle, make-believe; sham &c (deception) 545.

profession, empty words; Judas kiss &c (hypocrisy) 544; disguise &c

(mask) 530. V. have a false meaning. Adj. untrue, false, phony, trumped

up; void of foundation, without- foundation; fictive, far from the

truth, false as dicer's oaths; unfounded, ben trovato[It], invented,

fabulous, fabricated, forged; fictitious, factitious, supposititious,

surreptitious; elusory[obs3], illusory; ironical; soi-disant &c

(misnamed) 565[Fr]. Phr. se non e vero e ben trovato[It]; "where none

is meant that meets the ear"[Milton].

#547. Dupe.—N. dupe, gull, gudgeon, gobemouche[obs3], cull*,

cully[obs3], victim, pigeon, April fool[obs3]; jay*, sucker*;

laughingstock &c 857; Cyclops, simple Simon, flat; greenhorn; fool &c

501; puppet, cat's paw. V. be deceived &c 545, be the dupe of; fall

into a trap; swallow the bait, nibble at the bait; bite, catch a

Tartar. Adj. credulous &c 486; mistaken &c. (error) 495.

#548. Deceiver.—N. deceiver &c (deceive &c 545); dissembler,

hypocrite; sophist, Pharisee, Jesuit, Mawworm[obs3], Pecksniff, Joseph

Surface, Tartufe[obs3], Janus; serpent, snake in the grass, cockatrice,

Judas, wolf in sheep's clothing; jilt; shuffler|!, stool pigeon. liar

&c (lie &c 544); story-teller, perjurer, false witness, menteur a

triple etage[Fr], Scapin[obs3]; bunko steerer* [U.S.], carpetbagger*

[U.S.], capper* [U.S.], faker, fraud, four flusher*, horse coper[obs3],

ringer*, spieler[obs3], straw bidder [U.S.]. imposter, pretender,

soi-disant[Fr], humbug; adventurer; Cagliostro, Fernam Mendez Pinto;

ass in lion's skin &c (bungler) 701; actor &c (stage player) 599.

quack, charlatan, mountebank, saltimbanco[obs3], saltimbanque[obs3],

empiric, quacksalver, medicaster[obs3], Rosicrucian, gypsy; man of

straw. conjuror, juggler, trickster, prestidigitator, jockey; crimp,

decoy, decoy duck; rogue, knave, cheat; swindler &c (thief) 792;

jobber. Phr. "saint abroad and a devil at home" [Bunyan].

#549. Exaggeration.—N. exaggeration; expansion &c 194; hyperbole,

stretch, strain, coloring; high coloring, caricature, caricatura[obs3];

extravagance &c. (nonsense) 497; Baron Munchausen; men in buckram,

yarn, fringe, embroidery, traveler's tale; fish story, gooseberry*

storm in a teacup; much ado about nothing &c (overestimation) 482;

puff, puffery &c (boasting) 884; rant &c (turgescence) 577[obs3].

figure of speech, facon de parler[Fr]; stretch of fancy, stretch of the

imagination; flight of fancy &c (imagination) 515. false coloring &c

(falsehood) 544; aggravation &c. 835. V. exaggerate, magnify, pile up,

aggravate; amplify &c (expand) 194; overestimate &c 482; hyperbolize;

overcharge, overstate, overdraw, overlay, overshoot the mark,

overpraise; make over much, over the most of; strain, strain over a

point; stretch, stretch a point; go great lengths; spin a long yarn;

draw with a longbow, shoot with a longbow; deal in the marvelous.

out-Herod Herod, run riot, talk at random. heighten, overcolor[obs3];

color highly, color too highly; broder[obs3]; flourish; color &c.

(misrepresent) 544; puff &c (boast) 884. Adj. exaggerated &c. v.;

overwrought; bombastic &c. (grandiloquent) 577; hyperbolical[obs3], on

stilts; fabulous, extravagant, preposterous, egregious, outre[Fr],

highflying[obs3]. Adv. hyperbolically &c adj. Phr. excitabat enim

fluctus in simpulo [Lat][Cicero].

SECTION III. MEANS OF COMMUNICATING IDEAS

1. Natural Means

#550. Indication—N. indication; symbolism, symbolization;

semiology, semiotics, semeiology[obs3], semeiotics[obs3]; Zeitgeist.

[means of recognition: property] characteristic, diagnostic; lineament,

feature, trait; fingerprint, voiceprint, footprint, noseprint [for

animals]; cloven hoof; footfall; recognition (memory) 505. [means of

recognition: tool] diagnostic, divining rod; detector. sign, symbol;

index, indice|, indicator; point, pointer; exponent, note, token,

symptom; dollar sign, dollar mark. type, figure, emblem, cipher,

device; representation &c. 554; epigraph, motto, posy. gesture,

gesticulation; pantomime; wink, glance, leer; nod, shrug, beck; touch,

nudge; dactylology[obs3], dactylonomy[obs3]; freemasonry, telegraphy,

chirology[Med], byplay, dumb show; cue; hint &c. 527; clue, clew, key,

scent. signal, signal post; rocket, blue light; watch fire, watch

tower; telegraph, semaphore, flagstaff; cresset[obs3], fiery cross;

calumet; heliograph; guidon; headlight. [sign (evidence) on physobj of

contact with another physobj] mark, scratch, line, stroke, dash, score,

stripe, streak, tick, dot, point, notch, nick. print; imprint, impress,

impression. [symbols accompanying written text to signify modified

interpretation] keyboard symbols, printing symbols; red letter[for

emphasis], italics, sublineation[obs3], underlining, bold font;

jotting; note, annotation, reference; blaze, cedilla,

guillemets[obs3], hachure[Topography]; quotation marks, double

quotes,"", parentheses, brackets, braces, curly brackets, arrows,

slashes; left parenthesis[list], "("; right parenthesis, ")"; opening

bracket, "["; closing bracket, "]"; left curly brace, "{"; right curly

brace, "}"; left arrow, "<"; right arrow, ">"; forward slash, "/";

backward slash, "\"; exclamation point, "!"; commercial at, "@"; pound

sign, "#"; percent sign, "%"; carat, "^"; ampersand, "&"; asterisk,

"*"; hyphen, "-"; dash, "-", "_"; em dash, "—"; plus sign, "+", equals

sign, "="; question mark, "?"; period, "."; semicolon, ";", colon, ":";

comma, ","; apostrophe, "'"; single quote, "'"; tilde, "~". [For

identification: general] badge, criterion; countercheck[obs3],

countermark[obs3], countersign, counterfoil; duplicate, tally; label,

ticket, billet, letter, counter, check, chip, chop; dib[obs3]; totem;

tessera[obs3], card, bill; witness, voucher; stamp; cacher[Fr]; trade

mark, Hall mark. [For identification of people, on a document]

signature, mark, autograph, autography; attestation; hand, hand

writing, sign manual; cipher; seal, sigil[Lat], signet, hand and seal

[Law]; paraph[obs3], brand; superscription; indorsement[obs3],

endorsement. [For identification of people, to gain access to

restricted (locations or information)] password, watchword, catchword;

security card, pass, passkey; credentials &c. (evidence) 467; open

sesame; timbrology[obs3]; mot de passe[Fr], mot du guet[Fr];

pass-parole; shibboleth. title, heading, docket. address card, visiting

card; carte de visite[Fr]. insignia; banner, banneret[obs3],

bannerol[obs3]; bandrol[obs3]; flag, colors, streamer, standard, eagle,

labarum[obs3], oriflamb[obs3], oriflamme; figurehead; ensign; pennon,

pennant, pendant; burgee[obs3], blue Peter, jack, ancient, gonfalon,

union jack; banderole, "old glory" [U.S.], quarantine flag;

vexillum[obs3]; yellow-flag, yellow jack; tricolor, stars and stripes;

bunting. heraldry, crest; coat of arms, arms; armorial bearings,

hatchment[obs3]; escutcheon, scutcheon; shield, supporters; livery,

uniform; cockade, epaulet, chevron; garland, love knot, favor. [Of

locality] beacon, cairn, post, staff, flagstaff, hand, pointer, vane,

cock, weathercock; guidepost, handpost[obs3], fingerpost[obs3],

directing post, signpost; pillars of Hercules, pharos; bale-fire,

beacon- fire; l'etoile du Nord[Fr]; landmark, seamark; lighthouse,

balize[obs3]; polestar, loadstar[obs3], lodestar; cynosure, guide;

address, direction, name; sign, signboard. [Of the future] warning &c.

668; omen &c. 512; prefigurement &c. 511. trace[Of the past], record

&c. 551. warning &c. 668[Of danger]; alarm &c. 669. scepter &c.

747[Of authority]. trophy &c. 733[Of triumph]. gauge &c. 466[Of

quantity]. milestone[Of distance], milepost. brand[Of disgrace],

fool's cap. check[For detection], telltale; test &c. (experiment) 463;

mileage ticket; milliary[obs3]. notification &c. (information) 527;

advertisement &c. (publication) 531. word of command, call; bugle call,

trumpet call; bell, alarum, cry; battle cry, rallying cry;

angelus[obs3]; reveille; sacring bell[obs3], sanctus bell[Lat].

exposition &c. (explanation) 522, proof &c. (evidence) 463; pattern &c.

(prototype) 22. V. indicate; be the sign &c. n. of; denote, betoken;

argue, testify &c. (evidence) 467; bear the impress &c. n. of; connote,

connotate[obs3]. represent, stand for; typify &c. (prefigure) 511;

symbolize. put an indication, put a mark &c. n.; note, mark, stamp,

earmark; blaze; label, ticket, docket; dot, spot, score, dash, trace,

chalk; print; imprint, impress; engrave, stereotype. make a sign &c. n.

signalize; underscore; give a signal, hang out a signal; beckon; nod;

wink, glance, leer, nudge, shrug, tip the wink; gesticulate; raise the

finger, hold up the finger, raise the hand, hold up the hand; saw the

air, "suit the action to the word" [Hamlet]. wave a banner, unfurl a

banner, hoist a banner, hang out a banner &c. n.; wave the hand, wave a

kerchief; give the cue &c. (inform) 527; show one's colors; give an

alarm, sound an alarm; beat the drum, sound the trumpets, raise a cry.

sign, seal, attest &c. (evidence) 467; underline &c. (give importance

to) 642; call attention to &c. (attention) 457; give notice &c.

(inform) 527. Adj. indicating &c. v., indicative, indicatory;

denotative, connotative; diacritical, representative, typical,

symbolic, pantomimic, pathognomonic[obs3], symptomatic, characteristic,

demonstrative, diagnostic, exponential, emblematic, armorial;

individual &c. (special) 79. known by, recognizable by; indicated &c.

v.; pointed, marked. [Capable of being denoted] denotable[obs3];

indelible. Adv. in token of; symbolically &c. adj.; in dumb show. Phr.

ecce signum[Lat]; ex ungue leonem[Lat], ex pede Herculem[Lat]; vide ut

supra; vultus ariete fortior[Lat][obs3].

#551. Record.—N. trace, vestige, relic, remains; scar, cicatrix;

footstep, footmark[obs3], footprint; pug; track mark, wake, trail,

scent, piste[obs3]. monument, hatchment[obs3], slab, tablet, trophy,

achievement; obelisk, pillar, column, monolith; memorial; memento &c.

(memory) 505; testimonial, medal; commemoration &c. (celebration) 883.

record, note, minute; register, registry; roll &c. (list) 86;

cartulary, diptych, Domesday book; catalogue raisonne[Fr]; entry,

memorandum, indorsement[obs3], inscription, copy, duplicate, docket;

notch &c. (mark) 550; muniment[obs3], deed &c. (security) 771;

document; deposition, proces verbal[Fr]; affidavit; certificate &c.

(evidence) 467. notebook, memorandum book, memo book, pocketbook,

commonplace book; portfolio; pigeonholes, excerpta[obs3],

adversaria[Lat], jottings, dottings[obs3]. gazette, gazetteer;

newspaper, daily, magazine; almanac, almanack[obs3]; calendar,

ephemeris, diary, log, journal, daybook, ledger; cashbook[obs3], petty

cashbook[obs3]; professional journal, scientific literature, the

literature, primary literature, secondary literature, article, review

article. archive, scroll, state paper, return, blue book; statistics

&c. 86; compte rendu[Fr]; Acts of, Transactions of, Proceedings of;

Hansard's Debates; chronicle,annals, legend; history, biography &c.

594; Congressional Records. registration; registry; enrollment,

inrollment[obs3]; tabulation; entry, booking; signature &c

(identification) 550; recorder &c. 553; journalism. [analog recording

media] recording, tape recording, videotape. [digital recording media]

compact disk; floppy disk, diskette; hard disk, Winchester disk;

read-only memory, ROM; write once read mostly memory, WORM. V. record;

put on record, place on record; chronicle, calendar, hand down to

posterity; keep up the memory &c. (remember) 505; commemorate &c.

(celebrate) 883; report &c. (inform) 527; write, commit to writing,

reduce to writing; put in writing, set down in writing, writing in

black and white; put down, jot down, take down, write down, note down,

set down; note, minute, put on paper; take note, make a note, take

minute, take memorandum; make a return. mark &c. (indicate) 550; sign

&c. (attest) 467. enter, book; post, post up, insert, make an entry of;

mark off, tick off; register, enroll, inscroll[obs3]; file &c. (store)

636. burn into memory; carve in stone. Adv. on record. Phr. exegi

monumentum aere perennium [Lat][obs3][Horace]; "read their history in a

nation's eyes" [Gray]; "records that defy the tooth of time" [Young].

#552. [Suppression of sign.] Obliteration.—N. obliteration;

#

erasure, rasure[obs3]; cancel, cancellation; circumduction[obs3];

deletion,

blot; tabula rasa[Lat]; effacement, extinction.

V. efface, obliterate, erase, raze|!, rase[obs3], expunge, cancel;

blot out, take out, rub out, scratch out, strike out, wipe out, wash

out,

sponge out; wipe off, rub off; wipe away; deface, render illegible;

draw

the pen through, apply the sponge.

be effaced &c.; leave no trace &c. 550; "leave not a rack behind."

Adj. obliterated &c. v.; out of print; printless[obs3]; leaving no

trace; intestate; unrecorded, unregistered, unwritten.

Int. dele; out with it!

Phr. delenda est Carthago [Lat][Cato].

#553. Recorder.—N. recorder, notary, clerk; registrar,

registrary[obs3], register; prothonotary[Law]; amanuensis, secretary,

scribe, babu[obs3], remembrancer[obs3], bookkeeper, custos

rotulorum[Lat], Master of the Rolls. annalist; historian,

historiographer; chronicler, journalist; biographer &c. (narrator) 594;

antiquary &c. (antiquity) 122; memorialist[obs3]; interviewer.

#554. Representation.—N. representation, representment[obs3];

imitation &c. 19; illustration, delineation, depictment[obs3]; imagery,

portraiture, iconography; design, designing; art, fine arts; painting

&c. 556; sculpture &c. 557; engraving &c. 558; photography,

cinematography; radiography, autoradiography[Bioch],

fluorography[Chem], sciagraphy[obs3]. personation, personification;

impersonation; drama &c. 599. picture, photo, photograph,

daguerreotype, snapshot; X-ray photo; movie film, movie; tracing,

scan, TV image, video image, image file, graphics, computer graphics,

televideo, closed-circuit TV. copy &c. 21; drawing, sketch, draught,

draft; plot, chart, figure, scheme. image, likeness, icon, portrait,

striking likeness, speaking likeness; very image; effigy, facsimile.

figure, figure head; puppet, doll, figurine, aglet[obs3], manikin,

lay-figure, model, mammet[obs3], marionette, fantoccini[obs3], waxwork,

bust; statue, statuette. ideograph, hieroglyphic, anaglyph

[obs3],kanji[Jap]; diagram, monogram. map, plan, chart, ground plan,

projection, elevation (plan) 626. ichnography[obs3], cartography;

atlas; outline, scheme; view &c. (painting) 556; radiograph,

scotograph[obs3], sciagraph[obs3]; spectrogram, heliogram[obs3]. V.

represent, delineate; depict, depicture[obs3]; portray; take a

likeness, catch a likeness &c. n.; hit off, photograph, daguerreotype;

snapshot; figure, shadow forth, shadow out; adumbrate; body forth;

describe &c. 594; trace, copy; mold. dress up; illustrate, symbolize.

paint &c. 556; carve &c. 557; engrave &c. 558. personate, personify;

impersonate; assume a character; pose as; act; play &c. (drama) 599;

mimic &c. (imitate) 19; hold the mirror up to nature. Adj. represent,

representing &c. v., representative; *illustrative; represented &c. v.;

imitative, figurative; iconic. like &c. 17; graphic &c. (descriptive)

594; cinquecento quattrocento[Fr][obs3], trecento[obs3].

#555. Misrepresentation.—N. misrepresentation, distortion,

caricatura|, exaggeration; daubing &c. v.; bad likeness, daub, sign

painting; scratch, caricature; anamorphosis[obs3]; burlesque,

falsification, misstatement; parody, lampoon, take-off, travesty. V.

misrepresent, distort, overdraw, exaggerate, caricature, daub;

burlesque, parody, travesty. Adj. misrepresented &c. v.

#556. Painting.—N. painting; depicting; drawing &c. v.; design;

perspective, sciagraphy[obs3], skiagraphy[obs3]; chiaroscuro &c.

(light) 420 composition; treatment. historical painting, portrait

painting, miniature painting; landscape painting, marine painting;

still life, flower painting, scene painting; scenography[obs3]. school,

style; the grand style, high art, genre, portraiture; ornamental art

&c. 847. monochrome, polychrome; grisaille[Fr]. pallet, palette; easel;

brush, pencil, stump; black lead, charcoal, crayons, chalk, pastel;

paint &c. (coloring matter) 428; watercolor, body color, oil color;

oils, oil paint; varnish &c. 356a, priming; gouache, tempera,

distemper, fresco, water glass; enamel; encaustic painting; mosaic;

tapestry. photography, heliography, color photography; sun painting;

graphics, computer graphics. picture, painting, piece[Fr], tableau,

canvas; oil painting &c.; fresco, cartoon; easel picture, cabinet

picture, draught, draft; pencil &c. drawing, water color drawing,

etching, charcoal, pen-and-ink; sketch, outline, study. photograph,

color photograph, black-and-white photograph, holograph, heliograph;

daguerreotype, talbotype[obs3], calotype[obs3], heliotype[obs3];

negative, positive; print, glossy print, matte print; enlargement,

reduction, life-size print; instant photo, Polaroid photo. technicolor,

Kodachrome, Ektachrome; Polaroid. portrait &c. (representation) 554;

whole length, full length, half length; kitcat, head; miniature; shade,

silhouette; profile. landscape, seapiece[obs3]; view, scene, prospect;

panorama, diorama; still life. picture gallery, exhibit; studio,

atelier; pinacotheca[obs3]. V. paint, design, limn draw, sketch,

pencil, scratch, shade, stipple, hatch, dash off, chalk out, square up;

color, dead color, wash, varnish; draw in pencil &c. n.; paint in oils

&c. n.; stencil; depict &c. (represent) 554. Adj. painted &c. v.;

pictorial, graphic, picturesque. pencil, oil &c. n. Adv. in pencil &c.

n. Phr. fecit[Lat], delineavit[Lat]; mutum est pictura poema[Lat].

#557. Sculpture.—N. sculpture, insculpture| [obs3]; carving &c. v.;

#

statuary.

high relief, low relief, bas relief[Fr]; relief; relieve;

bassorilievo[obs3], altorilievo[obs3], mezzorilievo[obs3]; intaglio,

anaglyph[obs3]; medal, medallion; cameo.

marble, bronze, terra cotta[Sp], papier-mache; ceramic ware,

pottery,

porcelain, china, earthenware; cloisonne, enamel, faience, Laocoon,

satsuma.

statue.&c. (image) 554; cast &c (copy) 21; glyptotheca[obs3].

V. sculpture, carve, cut, chisel, model, mold; *cast.

Adj. sculptured &c, v. in relief, anaglyptic[obs3],

ceroplastic[obs3],

ceramic; parian[obs3]; marble &c. n.; xanthian[obs3].

#558. Engraving.—N. engraving, chalcography[obs3]; line engraving,

mezzotint engraving, stipple engraving, chalk engraving; dry point,

bur; etching, aquatinta[obs3]; chiseling; plate engraving, copperplate

engraving, steel engraving, wood engraving; xylography,

lignography[obs3], glyptography[obs3], cerography[obs3], lithography,

chromolithography[obs3], photolithography, zincography[obs3],

glyphography, xylograph, lignograph[obs3], glyptograph[obs3],

cerograph[obs3], lithograph, chromolithograph, photolithograph,

zincograph[obs3], glyphograph[obs3], holograph. impression, print,

engraving, plate; steelplate, copperplate; etching; mezzotint,

aquatint, lithotint[obs3]; cut, woodcut; stereotype, graphotype[obs3],

autotype[obs3], heliotype[obs3]. graver, burin[obs3], etching point,

style; plate, stone, wood block, negative; die, punch, stamp. printing;

plate printing, copperplate printing, anastatic printing[obs3], color

printing, lithographic printing; type printing &c. 591; three-color

process. illustration, illumination; half tone; photogravure; vignette,

initial letter, cul de lampe[Fr], tailpiece. [person who inscribes on

stone] lapidary, lapidarian. V. engrave, grave, stipple, scrape, etch;

bite, bite in; lithograph &c., n.; print. Adj. insculptured[obs3];

engraved &c. v.. [of inscriptions on stone] lapidary. Phr.

sculpsit[Lat], imprimit[Lat].

#559. Artist.—N. artist; painter, limner, drawer, sketcher,

designer, engraver; master, old master; draftsman, draughtsman;

copyist, dauber, hack; enamel, enameler, enamelist; caricaturist.

historical painter, landscape painter, marine painter, flower painter,

portrait painter, miniature painter, miniaturist, scene painter, sign

painter, coach painter; engraver; Apelles[obs3]; sculptor, carver,

chaser, modeler, figuriste[obs3], statuary; Phidias, Praxiteles; Royal

Academician. photographer, cinematographer, lensman, cameraman, camera

technician, camera buff; wildlife photographer. Phr. photo safari;

"with gun and camera"

2. Conventional Means

_1. Language generally_

#560. Language.—N. language; phraseology &c. 569; speech &c. 582;

tongue, lingo, vernacular; mother tongue, vulgar tongue, native tongue;

household words; King's English, Queen's English; dialect &c. 563.

confusion of tongues, Babel, pasigraphie[obs3]; pantomime &c. (signs)

550; onomatopoeia; betacism[obs3], mimmation, myatism[obs3],

nunnation[obs3]; pasigraphy[obs3]. lexicology, philology,

glossology[obs3], glottology[obs3]; linguistics, chrestomathy[obs3];

paleology[obs3], paleography; comparative grammar. literature, letters,

polite literature, belles lettres[Fr], muses, humanities, literae

humaniores[Lat], republic of letters, dead languages, classics; genius

of language; scholarship &c. (scholar) 492. V. express by words &c.

566. Adj. lingual, linguistic; dialectic; vernacular, current;

bilingual; diglot[obs3], hexaglot[obs3], polyglot; literary. Phr.

"syllables govern the world" [Selden].

#561. Letter.—N. letter; character; hieroglyphic &c. (writing) 590;

type &c. (printing) 591; capitals; digraph, trigraph; ideogram,

ideograph; majuscule, minuscule; majuscule, minuscule; alphabet,

ABC[obs3], abecedary[obs3], christcross-row. consonant, vowel;

diphthong, triphthong[Gram]; mute, liquid, labial, dental, guttural.

syllable; monosyllable, dissyllable[obs3], polysyllable; affix, suffix.

spelling, orthograph[obs3]; phonography[obs3], phonetic spelling;

anagrammatism[obs3], metagrammatism[obs3]. cipher, monogram, anagram;

doubleacrostic[obs3]. V. spell. Adj. literal; alphabetical,

abecedarian; syllabic; majuscular[obs3], minuscular[obs3]; uncial &c.

(writing) 590.

#562. Word.—N. word, term, vocable; name &c. 564; phrase &c. 566;

#

root, etymon; derivative; part of speech &c. (grammar) 567;

ideophone[obs3].

dictionary, vocabulary, lexicon, glossary; index, concordance;

thesaurus; gradus[Lat], delectus[Lat].

etymology, derivation; glossology[obs3], terminology

orismology[obs3];

paleology &c. (philology) 560[obs3].

lexicography; glossographer &c. (scholar) 492; lexicologist,

verbarian[obs3].

Adj. verbal, literal; titular, nominal. conjugate[Similarly

derived],

paronymous[obs3]; derivative.

Adv. verbally &c. adj.; verbatim &c. (exactly) 494.

Phr. "the artillery of words" [Swift].

#563. Neologism.—N. neology, neologism; newfangled expression,

#

nonce expression; back-formation; caconym[obs3]; barbarism.

archaism, black letter, monkish Latin.

corruption, missaying[obs3], malapropism, antiphrasis[obs3].

pun, paranomasia[obs3], play upon words; word play &c. (wit) 842;

double-entendre &c. (ambiguity) 520[Fr]; palindrome, paragram[obs3],

anagram, clinch; abuse of language, abuse of terms.

dialect, brogue, idiom, accent, patois; provincialism,

regionalism,

localism; broken English, lingua franca; Anglicism, Briticism,

Gallicism,

Scotticism, Hibernicism; Americanism[obs3]; Gypsy lingo, Romany;

pidgin,

pidgin English, pigeon English; Volapuk, Chinook, Esperanto,

Hindustani,

kitchen Kaffir.

dog Latin, macaronics[obs3], gibberish; confusion of tongues,

Babel;

babu English[obs3], chi-chi.

figure of speech &c. (metaphor) 521; byword.

colloquialism, informal speech, informal language.

substandard language, vernacular.

vulgar language, obscene language, obscenity, vulgarity.

jargon, technical terms, technicality, lingo, slang, cant, argot;

St.

Gile's Greek, thieves' Latin, peddler's French, flash tongue,

Billingsgate,

Wall Street slang.

pseudology[obs3].

pseudonym &c. (misnomer) 565; Mr. So-and-so; wha d'ye call

'em[obs3],

whatchacallim, what's his name; thingummy[obs3], thingumbob; je ne sais

quoi[Fr].

neologist[obs3], coiner of words.

V. coin words, coin a term; backform; Americanize, Anglicize.

Adj. neologic[obs3], neological[obs3]; archaic; obsolete &c. (old)

124; colloquial; Anglice[obs3].

#564. Nomenclature.—N. nomenclature; naming &c. v.; nuncupation|,

nomination, baptism; orismology[obs3]; onomatopoeia; antonomasia[obs3].

name; appelation[obs3], appelative[obs3]; designation, title; heading,

rubric; caption; denomination; by-name, epithet. style, proper name;

praenomen[Lat], agnomen[obs3], cognomen; patronymic, surname;

cognomination[obs3]; eponym; compellation[obs3], description, antonym;

empty title, empty name; handle to one's name; namesake. term,

expression, noun; byword; convertible terms &c. 522; technical term;

cant &c. 563. V. name, call, term, denominate designate, style,

entitle, clepe[obs3], dub, christen, baptize, characterize, specify,

define, distinguish by the name of; label &c. (mark) 550. be -called &c

v.; take the name of, bean the name of, go by the name of, be known by

the name of, go under the name of, pass under the name of, rejoice in

the name of. Adj. named &c. v.; hight[obs3], ycleped, known as; what

one may well, call fairly, call properly, call fitly.

nuncupatory[obs3], nuncupative; cognominal[obs3], titular, nominal,

orismological[obs3]. Phr. "beggar'd all description" [Antony and

Cleopatra].

#565. Misnomer.—N. misnomer; lucus a non lucendo[Lat]; Mrs.

#

Malaprop; what d'ye call 'em &c. (neologism) 563[obs3]; Hoosier.

nickname, sobriquet, by-name; assumed name, assumed title; alias;

nom

de course, nom de theatre, nom de guerre[Fr], nom de plume; pseudonym,

pseudonymy.

V. misname, miscall, misterm[obs3]; nickname; assume a name.

Adj. misnamed &c. v.; pseudonymous; soi-disant[Fr]; self called,

self

styled, self christened; so-called.

nameless, anonymous; without a having no name; innominate,

unnamed;

unacknowledged.

Adv. in no sense.

#566. Phrase.—N. phrase, expression, set phrase; sentence,

paragraph; figure of speech &c. 521; idiom, idiotism[obs3]; turn of

expression; style. paraphrase &c. (synonym) 522; periphrase &c.

(circumlocution) 573 motto &c. (proverb) 496[obs3]. phraseology &c.

569. V. express, phrase; word, word it; give words to, give expression

to; voice; arrange in words, clothe in words, put into words, express

by words; couch in terms; find words to express; speak by the card;

call, denominate, designate, dub. Adj. expressed &c. v.; idiomatic.

Adv. in round terms, in set terms, in good set terms, set terms; in set

phrases.

#567. Grammar.—N. grammar, accidence, syntax, praxis, punctuation;

parts of speech; jussive[obs3]; syllabication; inflection, case,

declension, conjugation; us et norma loquendi[Lat]; Lindley Murray &c.

(schoolbook) 542; correct style, philology &c. (language) 560. V.

parse, punctuate, syllabicate[obs3].

#568. Solecism.—N. solecism; bad grammar, false grammar, faulty

grammar; slip of the pen, slip of the tongue; lapsus linguae[Lat];

slipslop[obs3]; bull; barbarism, impropriety. V. use bad grammar,

faulty grammar; solecize[obs3], commit a solecism; murder the King's

English, murder the Queen's English, break Priscian's head. Adj.

ungrammatical; incorrect, inaccurate; faulty; improper, incongruous;

solecistic, solecistical[obs3].

#569. Style.—N. style, diction, phraseology, wording; manner,

strain; composition; mode of expression, choice of words; mode of

speech, literary power, ready pen, pen of a ready writer; command of

language &c. (eloquence) 582; authorship; la morgue litteraire[Fr].. V.

express by words &c. 566; write. Phr. le style c'est de l'homme

[Fr][Buffon]; "style is the dress of thoughts" [Chesterfield].

_Various Qualities of Style_

#570. Perspicuity.—N. perspicuity, perspicuousness &c.

(intelligibility) 518; plain speaking &c. (manifestation) 525;

definiteness, definition; exactness &c. 494; explicitness, lucidness.

Adj. lucid &c. (intelligible) 518; explicit &c. (manifest) 525; exact

&c. 494.

#571. Obscurity.—N. obscurity &c. (unintelligibility) 519;

involution; hard words; ambiguity &c. 520; unintelligibleness;

vagueness &c. 475, inexactness &c. 495; what d'ye call 'em &c.

(neologism) 563[obs3]; darkness of meaning. Adj. obscure &c. n.;

crabbed, involved, confused.

#572. Conciseness.—N. conciseness &c. adj.; brevity, "the soul of

wit", laconism[obs3]; Tacitus; ellipsis; syncope; abridgment &c.

(shortening) 201; compression &c. 195; epitome &c. 596;

monostich[obs3]; brunch word, portmanteau word. V. be concise &c. adj.;

condense &c. 195; abridge &c. 201; abstract &c. 596; come to the point.

Adj. concise, brief, short, terse,close; to the point, exact; neat,

compact; compressed, condensed, pointed; laconic, curt, pithy,

trenchant, summary; pregnant; compendious &c. (compendium) 596;

succinct; elliptical, epigrammatic, quaint, crisp; sententious. Adv.

concisely &c. adj.; briefly, summarily; in brief, in short, in a word,

in a few words; for shortness sake; to come to the point, to make a

long story short, to cut the matter short, to be brief; it comes to

this, the long and the short of it is. Phr. brevis esse laboro obscurus

fio [Lat][Horace].

#573. Diffuseness.—N. diffuseness &c. adj.; amplification &c. v.;

dilating &c. v.; verbosity, verbiage, cloud of words, copia

verborum[Lat]; flow of words &c. (loquacity) 584; looseness.

Polylogy[obs3], tautology, battology[obs3], perissology|; pleonasm,

exuberance, redundancy; thrice-told tale; prolixity; circumlocution,

ambages [obs3]; periphrase[obs3], periphrasis; roundabout phrases;

episode; expletive; pennya-lining; richness &c. 577. V. be diffuse &c.

adj.; run out on, descant, expatiate, enlarge, dilate, amplify, expand,

inflate; launch out, branch out; rant. maunder, prose; harp upon &c.

(repeat) 104; dwell on, insist upon. digress, ramble, battre la

campagne[Fr][obs3], beat about the bush, perorate, spin a long yarn,

protract; spin out, swell out, draw out; battologize[obs3]. Adj.

diffuse, profuse; wordy, verbose, largiloquent|, copious, exuberant,

pleonastic, lengthy; longsome[obs3], long-winded, longspun[obs3], long

drawn out; spun out, protracted, prolix, prosing, maundering;

circumlocutory, periphrastic, ambagious[obs3], roundabout; digressive;

discursive, excursive; loose; rambling episodic; flatulent, frothy.

Adv. diffusely &c. adj.; at large, in extenso[Lat]; about it and about

it.

#574. Vigor.—N. vigor, power, force; boldness, raciness &c. adj.;

#

intellectual, force; spirit, point, antithesis, piquance, piquancy;

verve,

glow, fire, warmth; strong language; gravity, sententiousness;

elevation,

loftiness, sublimity.

eloquence; command of words, command of language.

Adj. vigorous, nervous, powerful, forcible, trenchant, incisive,

impressive; sensational.

spirited, lively, glowing, sparkling, racy, bold, slashing;

pungent,

piquant, full of point, pointed, pithy, antithetical; sententious.

lofty, elevated, sublime; eloquent; vehement, petulant,

impassioned;

poetic.

Adv. in glowing terms, in good set terms, in no measured terms.

Phr. "thoughts that breath and words that burn" [Gray].

#575. Feebleness.—N. feebleness &c. adj.

Adj. feeble, bald, tame, meager, jejune, vapid, bland, trashy,

lukewarm, cold, frigid, poor, dull, dry, languid; colorless,

enervated; proposing, prosy, prosaic; unvaried, monotonous, weak,

washy, wishy-washy; sketchy, slight. careless, slovenly, loose,

lax (negligent) 460; slipshod, slipslop[obs3]; inexact; puerile,

childish; flatulent; rambling &c. (diffuse) 573.

#576. Plainness.—N. plainness &c. adj.; simplicity, severity; plain

#

terms, plain English; Saxon English; household words

V. call a spade "a spade"; plunge in medias res; come to the

point.

Adj. plain, simple; unornamented, unadorned, unvarnished; homely,

homespun; neat; severe, chaste, pure, Saxon; commonplace,

matter-of-fact,

natural, prosaic.

dry, unvaried,monotonous &c. 575.

Adv. in plain terms, in plain words, in plain English, in plain

common

parlance; point-blank.

#577. Ornament.—N. ornament; floridness c[obs3]. adj. turgidity,

turgescence[obs3]; altiloquence &c. adj[obs3].; declamation,

teratology|!; well-rounded periods; elegance &c. 578; orotundity.

inversion, antithesis, alliteration, paronomasia; figurativeness &c.

(metaphor) 521. flourish; flowers of speech, flowers of rhetoric;

frills of style, euphuism[obs3], euphemism. big-sounding words,

high-sounding words; macrology[obs3], sesquipedalia verba[Lat],

Alexandrine; inflation, pretension; rant, bombast, fustian, prose run

mad; fine writing; sesquipedality[obs3]; Minerva press. phrasemonger;

euphuist[obs3], euphemist. V. ornament, overlay with ornament,

overcharge; smell of the lamp. Adj. ornament &c. v.; beautified &c.

847; ornate, florid, rich, flowery; euphuistic[obs3], euphemistic;

sonorous; high-sounding, big- sounding; inflated, swelling, tumid;

turgid, turgescent; pedantic, pompous, stilted; orotund; high flown,

high flowing; sententious, rhetorical, declamatory; grandiose;

grandiloquent, magniloquent, altiloquent[obs3]; sesquipedal[obs3],

sesquipedalian; Johnsonian, mouthy; bombastic; fustian; frothy, flashy,

flaming. antithetical, alliterative; figurative &c. 521; artificial &c.

(inelegant) 579. Adv. ore rutundo[Lat].

#578. Elegance.—N. elegance, purity, grace, ease; gracefulness,

#

readiness &c. adj.; concinnity[obs3], euphony, numerosity[obs3];

Atticism[obs3], classicalism[obs3], classicism.

well rounded periods, well turned periods, flowing periods; the

right

word in the right place; antithesis &c. 577.

*purist.

V. point an antithesis, round a period.

Adj. elegant, polished, classical, Attic, correct, Ciceronian,

artistic; chaste, pure, Saxon, academical[obs3].

graceful, easy, readable, fluent, flowing, tripping; unaffected,

natural, unlabored[obs3]; mellifluous; euphonious, euphemism,

euphemistic;

numerose|, rhythmical.

felicitous, happy, neat; well put, neatly put, well expressed,

neatly

expressed

#579. Inelegance.—N. inelegance; stiffness &c. adj.; "unlettered

Muse" [Gray]; barbarism; slang &c. 563; solecism &c. 568; mannerism &c.

(affectation) 855; euphuism[obs3]; fustian &c. 577; cacophony; words

that break the teeth, words that dislocate the jaw; marinism[obs3]. V.

be inelegant &c. adj. Adj. inelegant, graceless, ungraceful; harsh,

abrupt; dry, stiff, cramped, formal, guinde[Fr]; forced, labored;

artificial, mannered, ponderous; awkward, uncourtly[obs3], unpolished;

turgid &c. 577; affected, euphuistic[obs3]; barbarous, uncouth,

grotesque, rude, crude, halting; offensive to ears polite.

_2. Spoken Language_

#580. Voice.—N. voice; vocality[obs3]; organ, lungs, bellows; good

voice, fine voice, powerful voice &c. (loud) 404; musical voice &c.

413; intonation; tone of voice &c. (sound) 402. vocalization; cry &c.

411; strain, utterance, prolation[obs3]; exclamation, ejaculation,

vociferation, ecphonesis[obs3]; enunciation, articulation; articulate

sound, distinctness; clearness, of articulation; stage whisper;

delivery. accent, accentuation; emphasis, stress; broad accent, strong

accent, pure accent, native accent, foreign accent; pronunciation.

[Word similarly pronounced] homonym. orthoepy[obs3]; cacoepy[obs3];

euphony &c. (melody) 413. gastriloquism[obs3], ventriloquism;

ventriloquist; polyphonism[obs3], polyphonist[obs3]. [Science of voice]

phonology &c. (sound) 402. V. utter, breathe; give utterance, give

tongue; cry &c. (shout) 411; ejaculate, rap out; vocalize, prolate|,

articulate, enunciate, pronounce, accentuate, aspirate, deliver, mouth;

whisper in the ear. Adj. vocal, phonetic, oral; ejaculatory,

articulate, distinct, stertorous; euphonious &c. (melodious) 413. Phr.

"how sweetly sounds the voice of a good woman" [Massinger]; "the organ

of the soul" [Longfellow]; "thy voice is a celestial melody"

[Longfellow].

#581. Aphony.—N. aphony[obs3], aphonia[obs3]; dumbness &c. adj.;

obmutescence[obs3]; absence of voice, want of voice; dysphony[obs3];

cacoepy[obs3]; silence &c. (taciturnity) 585; raucity[obs3]; harsh

voice &c. 410, unmusical voice &c. 414; falsetto, "childish treble

mute"; dummy. V. keep silence &c. 585; speak low, speak softly; whisper

&c. (faintness) 405. silence; render mute, render silent; muzzle,

muffle, suppress, smother, gag, strike dumb, dumfounder; drown the

voice, put to silence, stop one's mouth, cut one short. stick in the

throat. Adj. aphonous[obs3], dumb, mute; deafmute, deaf and dumb; mum;

tongue- tied; breathless, tongueless, voiceless, speechless, wordless;

mute as a fish, mute as a stockfish[obs3], mute as a mackerel; silent

&c. (taciturn) 585; muzzled; inarticulate, inaudible. croaking,

raucous, hoarse, husky, dry, hollow, sepulchral, hoarse as a raven;

rough. Adv. with bated breath, with the finger on the lips; sotto

voce[Lat]; in a low tone, in a cracked voice, in a broken voice. Phr.

vox faucibus haesit [Lat][Vergil].

#582. Speech.—N. speech, faculty of speech; locution, talk,

parlance, verbal intercourse, prolation[obs3], oral communication, word

of mouth, parole, palaver, prattle; effusion. oration, recitation,

delivery, say, speech, lecture, harangue, sermon, tirade, formal

speech, peroration; speechifying; soliloquy &c. 589; allocution &c.

586; conversation &c. 588; salutatory; screed; valedictory

[U.S.][U.S.]. oratory; elocution, eloquence; rhetoric, declamation;

grandiloquence, multiloquence[obs3]; burst of eloquence;

facundity[obs3]; flow of words, command of words, command of language;

copia verborum[Lat]; power of speech, gift of the gab; usus

loquendi[Lat]. speaker &c. v.; spokesman; prolocutor, interlocutor;

mouthpiece, Hermes; orator, oratrix[obs3], oratress[obs3]; Demosthenes,

Cicero; rhetorician; stump orator, platform orator; speechmaker,

patterer[obs3], improvisatore[obs3]. V. speak of; say, utter,

pronounce, deliver, give utterance to; utter forth, pour forth;

breathe, let fall, come out with; rap out, blurt out have on one's

lips; have at the end of one's tongue, have at the tip of one's tongue.

break silence; open one's lips, open one's mouth; lift one's voice,

raise one's voice; give the tongue, wag the tongue; talk,

outspeak[obs3]; put in a word or two. hold forth; make a

speech,.deliver a speech &c. n.; speechify, harangue, declaim, stump,

flourish, recite, lecture, sermonize, discourse, be on one's legs;

have one's say, say one's say; spout, rant, rave, vent one's fury,

vent one's rage; expatiate &c. (speak at length) 573; speak one's mind,

go on the stump, take the stump [U. S.]. soliloquize &c. 589; tell &c.

(inform) 527; speak to &c. 586; talk together &c. 588. be eloquent &c.

adj; have a tongue in one's head, have the gift of the gab &c. n. pass

one's lips, escape one's lips; fall from the lips, fall from the mouth.

Adj. speaking &c., spoken &c. v.; oral, lingual, phonetic, not written,

unwritten, outspoken; eloquent, elocutionary; oratorical, rhetorical;

declamatory; grandiloquent &c. 577; talkative &c. 584; Ciceronian,

nuncupative, Tullian. Adv. orally &c. adj.; by word of mouth, viva

voce, from the lips of. Phr. quoth he, said he &c.; "action is

eloquence" [Coriolanus]; "pour the full tide of eloquence along"

[Pope]; "she speaks poignards and every word stabs" [Much Ado About

Nothing]; "speech is but broken light upon the depth of the unspoken

[G. Eliot]; "to try thy eloquence now 'tis time [Antony and Cleopatra].

#583. [Imperfect Speech.] Stammering.—N. inarticulateness;

stammering &c. v.; hesitation &c. v.; impediment in one's speech;

titubancy[obs3], traulism|; whisper &c. (faint sound) 405; lisp, drawl,

tardiloquence[obs3]; nasal tone, nasal accent; twang; falsetto &c.

(want of voice) 581; broken voice, broken accents, broken sentences.

brogue &c. 563; slip of the tongue, lapsus linouae [Lat]. V. stammer,

stutter, hesitate, falter, hammer; balbutiate|, balbucinate|, haw, hum

and haw, be unable to put two words together. mumble, mutter; maud|,

mauder[obs3]; whisper &c. 405; mince, lisp; jabber, gibber; sputter,

splutter; muffle, mump[obs3]; drawl, mouth; croak; speak thick, speak

through the nose; snuffle, clip one's words; murder the language,

murder the King's English, murder the Queen's English; mispronounce,

missay[obs3]. Adj. stammering &c. v.; inarticulate, guttural, nasal;

tremulous; affected. Adv. sotto voce &c. (faintly) 405[Lat].

#584. Loquacity.—N. loquacity, loquaciousness; talkativeness &c.

adj.; garrulity; multiloquence[obs3], much speaking. jaw; gabble;

jabber, chatter; prate, prattle, cackle, clack; twaddle, twattle,

rattle; caquet[obs3], caquetterie[Fr]; blabber, bavardage[obs3],

bibble-babble[obs3], gibble-gabble[obs3]; small talk &c. (converse)

588. fluency, flippancy, volubility, flowing, tongue; flow of words;

flux de bouche[Fr], flux de mots[Fr]; copia verborum[Lat], cacoethes

loquendi[Lat]; furor loquendi[Lat]; verbosity &c. (diffuseness) 573;

gift of the gab &c. (eloquence) 582. talker; chatterer, chatterbox;

babbler &c. v.; rattle; ranter; sermonizer, proser[obs3], driveler;

blatherskite [U. S.]; gossip &c. (converse) 588; magpie, jay, parrot,

poll, Babel; moulin a paroles[Fr].. V. be loquacious &c. adj.; talk

glibly, pour forth, patter; prate, palaver, prose, chatter, prattle,

clack, jabber, jaw; blather, blatter[obs3], blether[obs3]; rattle,

rattle on; twaddle, twattle; babble, gabble; outtalk; talk oneself out

of breath, talk oneself hoarse; expatiate &c. (speak at length) 573;

gossip &c. (converse) 588; din in the ears &c. (repeat) 104; talk at

random, talk nonsense &c. 497; be hoarse with talking. Adj. loquacious,

talkative, garrulous, linguacious|, multiloquous[obs3]; largiloquent|;

chattering &c. v.; chatty &c. (sociable) 892; declamatory &c. 582;

open-mouthed. fluent, voluble, glib, flippant; long tongued, long

winded &c. (diffuse) 573. Adv. trippingly on the tongue; glibly &c.

adj.; off the reel. Phr. the tongue running fast, the tongue running

loose, the tongue running on wheels; all talk and no cider; "foul

whisperings are abroad" [Macbeth]; "what a spendthrift is he of his

tongue!" [Tempest].

#585. Taciturnity.—N. silence, muteness, obmutescence[obs3];

taciturnity, pauciloquy[obs3], costiveness|, curtness; reserve,

reticence &c. (concealment) 528. man of few words. V. be silent &c.

adj.; keep silence, keep mum; hold one's tongue, hold one's peace, hold

one's jaw; not speak. &c. 582; say nothing, keep one's counsel; seal

the lips, close the lips, button the lips, zipper the lips, put a

padlock on the lips, put a padlock on the mouth; put a bridle on one's

tongue; bite one's tongue, keep one's tongue between one's teeth; make

no sign, not let a word escape one; keep a secret &c. 528; not have a

word to say; hush up, hush, lay the finger on the lips, place the

finger on the lips; render mute &c. 581. stick in one's throat. Adj.

silent, mute, mum; silent as a post, silent as a stone, silent as the

grave &c. (still) 403; dumb &c. 581; unconversable[obs3]. taciturn,

sparing of words; closetongued; costive|, inconversable|, curt;

reserved; reticent &c. (concealing) 528. Int. shush! tush! silence!

mum! hush! chut[obs3]! hist! tut! chup[obs3]! mum's the word; keep your

mouth shut![vulgar]. Phr. cave quid dicis quando et cui[Lat]; volto

sciolto i pensieri stretti[It].

#586. Allocution.—N. allocution, alloquy|, address; speech &c. 582;

#

apostrophe, interpellation, appeal, invocation, salutation; word in the

ear.

[Feigned dialogue] dialogism[obs3].

platform &c. 542; plank; audience &c. (interview) 588.

V. speak to, address, accost, make up to, apostrophize, appeal to,

invoke; ball, salute; call to, halloo.

take aside, take by the button; talk to in private.

lecture &c. (make a speech) 582.

Int. soho[obs3]! halloo! hey! hist!

#587. Response—N. &c., see Answer 462.

#

#

#

#588. Conversation.—N. conversation, interlocution;

collocution[obs3], colloquy, converse, confabulation, talk, discourse,

verbal intercourse; oral communication, commerce; dialogue, duologue,

trialogue. causerie, chat, chitchat; small talk, table talk, teatable

talk[obs3], town talk, village talk, idle talk; tattle, gossip,

tittle-tattle; babble, babblement[obs3]; tripotage[obs3], cackle,

prittle-prattle[obs3], cancan, on dit[Fr]; talk of the town, talk of

the village. conference, parley, interview, audience, pourparler;

tete-a-tete; reception, conversazione[It]; congress &c. (council) 696;

powwow [U. S.]. hall of audience, durbar[obs3]. palaver, debate,

logomachy[obs3], war of words. gossip, tattler; Paul Pry; tabby;

chatterer &c. (loquacity) 584; interlocutor &c. (spokesman) 582;

conversationist[obs3], dialogist[obs3]. "the feast of reason and the

flow of soul" [Pope]; mollia tempora fandi[Lat][obs3]. V. talk

together, converse, confabulate; hold on a conversation, carry on a

conversation, join in a conversation, engage in a conversation; put in

a word; shine in conversation; bandy words; parley; palaver; chat,

gossip, tattle; prate &c. (loquacity) 584; powwow [U.S.].. discourse

with, confer with, commune with, commerce with; hold converse, hold

conference, hold intercourse; talk it over; be closeted with; talk with

one in private, tete-a-tete. Adj. conversing &c. v.; interlocutory;

conversational, conversable[obs3]; discursive, discoursive[obs3];

chatty &c. (sociable) 892; colloquial. Phr. "with thee conversing I

forget all time" [Paradise Lost].

#589. Soliloquy.—N. soliloquy, monologue, apostrophe;

#

monology[obs3].

V. Soliloquize; say to oneself, talk to oneself; say aside, think

aloud, apostrophize.

Adj. soliloquizing &c. v.

Adv. aside.

_3. Written Language_

#590. Writing.—N. writing &c. v.; chirography, stelography[obs3],

cerography[obs3]; penmanship, craftmanship[obs3]; quill driving;

typewriting. writing, manuscript, MS., literae scriptae[Lat]; these

presents. stroke of the pen, dash of the pen; coupe de plume; line;

headline; pen and ink. letter &c. 561; uncial writing, cuneiform

character, arrowhead, Ogham, Runes, hieroglyphic; contraction;

Brahmi[obs3], Devanagari, Nagari; script. shorthand; stenography,

brachygraphy[obs3], tachygraphy[obs3]; secret writing, writing in

cipher; cryptography, stenography; phonography[obs3], pasigraphy[obs3],

Polygraphy[obs3], logography[obs3]. copy; transcript, rescript; rough

copy, fair copy; handwriting; signature, sign manual; autograph,

monograph, holograph; hand, fist. calligraphy; good hand, running hand,

flowing hand, cursive hand, legible hand, bold hand. cacography[obs3],

griffonage[obs3], barbouillage[obs3]; bad hand, cramped hand, crabbed

hand, illegible hand; scribble &c. v.; pattes de mouche[Fr]; ill-formed

letters; pothooks and hangers. stationery; pen, quill, goose quill;

pencil, style; paper, foolscap, parchment, vellum, papyrus, tablet,

slate, marble, pillar, table; blackboard; ink bottle, ink horn, ink

pot, ink stand, ink well; typewriter. transcription &c. (copy) 21;

inscription &c. (record) 551; superscription &c. (indication) 550;

graphology. composition, authorship; cacoethes scribendi[Lat];

graphoidea[obs3], graphomania[obs3]; phrenoia[obs3]. writer, scribe,

amanuensis, scrivener, secretary, clerk, penman, copyist, transcriber,

quill driver; stenographer, typewriter, typist; writer for the press

&c. (author) 593. V. write, pen; copy, engross; write out, write out

fair; transcribe; scribble, scrawl, scrabble, scratch; interline; stain

paper; write down &c. (record) 551; sign &c. (attest) 467;

enface[obs3]. compose, indite, draw up, draft, formulate; dictate;

inscribe, throw on paper, dash off; manifold. take up the pen, take pen

in hand; shed ink, spill ink, dip one's pen in ink. Adj. writing &c.

v.; written &c. v.; in writing, in black and white; under one's hand.

uncial, Runic, cuneiform, hieroglyphical[obs3]. Adv. currente

calamo[Sp]; pen in hand. Phr. audacter et sincere[Lat]; le style est

l'homme meme [Fr]; "nature's noblest gift - my gray goose quill"

[Byron]; scribendi recte sapere et principium et fons [Lat][Horace];

"that mighty instrument of little men" [Byron]; "the pen became a

clarion" [Longfellow].

#591. Printing.—N. printing; block printing, type- printing; plate

printing &c. 558[engraving]; the press &c. (publication) 531;

composition. print, letterpress, text; context, note, page, column.

typography; stereotype, electrotype, aprotype[obs3]; type, black

letter, font, fount; pi, pie; capitals &c. (letters) 561;

brevier[obs3], bourgeois, pica &c. boldface, capitals, caps.,

catchword; composing-frame, composing room, composing rule, composing

stand, composing stick; italics, justification, linotype, live matter,

logotype; lower case, upper case; make-up, matrix, matter,

monotype[obs3], point system: 4-1/2, 5, 5-1/2, 6, 7, 8 point, etc.;

press room, press work; reglet[obs3], roman; running head, running

title; scale, serif, shank, sheet work, shoulder, signature, slug,

underlay. folio &c. (book) 593; copy, impression, pull, proof, revise;

author's proof, galley proof, press proof; press revise. printer,

compositor, reader; printer's devil copyholder. V. print; compose; put

to press, go to press; pass through the press, see through the press;

publish &c. 531; bring out; appear in print, rush into print;

distribute, makeup, mortise, offset, overrun, rout. Adj. printed &c.

v.; in type; typographical &c. n.; solid in galleys.

#592. Correspondence.—N. correspondence, letter, epistle, note,

billet, post card, missive, circular, favor, billet-doux; chit,

chitty[obs3], letter card, picture post card; postal [U.S.], card;

despatch; dispatch; bulletin, these presents; rescript,

rescription[obs3]; post &c. (messenger) 534. V. correspond with; write

to, send a letter to; keep up a correspondence. Adj. epistolary. Phr.

furor scribendi[Lat].

#593. Book.—N. booklet; writing, work, volume, tome,

opuscule[obs3]; tract, tractate[obs3]; livret[obs3]; brochure,

libretto, handbook, codex, manual, pamphlet, enchiridion[obs3],

circular, publication; chap book. part, issue, number livraison[Fr];

album, portfolio; periodical, serial, magazine, ephemeris, annual,

journal. paper, bill, sheet, broadsheet[obs3]; leaf, leaflet; fly leaf,

page; quire, ream [subdivisions of a book] chapter, section, head,

article, paragraph, passage, clause; endpapers, frontispiece; cover,

binding. folio, quarto, octavo; duodecimo[obs3], sextodecimo[obs3],

octodecimo[obs3]. encyclopedia; encompilation[obs3]. [collection of

books] library, bibliotheca[obs3]. press &c. (publication) 531.

[complete description] definitive work, treatise, comprehensive

treatise (dissertation) 595. [person who writes a book] writer, author,

litterateur[Fr], essayist, journalism; pen, scribbler, the scribbling

race; literary hack, Grub-street writer; writer for the press,

gentleman of the press, representative of the press; adjective

jerker[obs3], diaskeaust[obs3], ghost, hack writer, ink slinger;

publicist; reporter, penny a liner; editor, subeditor[obs3]; playwright

&c. 599; poet &c. 597. bookseller, publisher; bibliopole[obs3],

bibliopolist[obs3]; librarian; bookstore, bookshop, bookseller's shop.

knowledge of books, bibliography; book learning &c. (knowledge) 490.

Phr. "among the giant fossils of my past" [E. B. Browning]; craignez

tout d'un auteur en courroux[Fr]; "for authors nobler palms remain"

[Pope]; "I lived to write and wrote to live" [Rogers]; "look in thy

heart and write" [Sidney]; "there is no Past so long as Books shall

live" [Bulwer Lytton]; "the public mind is the creation of the

Master-Writers" [Disraeli]; "volumes that I prize above my dukedom"

[Tempest].

#594. Description.—N. description, account, statement, report;

expose &c. (disclosure) 529 specification, particulars; state of facts,

summary of facts; brief &c. (abstract) 596; return &c. (record) 551;

catalogue raisonne &c. (list) 86[Fr]; guidebook &c. (information) 527.

delineation &c (representation) 554; sketch; monograph; minute account,

detailed particular account, circumstantial account, graphic account;

narration, recital, rehearsal, relation. historiography[obs3],

chronography[obs3]; historic Muse, Clio; history; biography,

autobiography; necrology, obituary. narrative, history; memoir,

memorials; annals &c. (chronicle) 551; saga; tradition, legend, story,

tale, historiette[obs3]; personal narrative, journal, life, adventures,

fortunes, experiences, confessions; anecdote, ana[obs3], trait. work of

fiction, novel, romance, Minerva press; fairy tale, nursery tale;

fable, parable, apologue[obs3]; dime novel, penny dreadful, shilling

shocker relator &c. v.; raconteur, historian &c. (recorder) 553;

biographer, fabulist[obs3], novelist. V. describe; set forth &c.

(state) 535; draw a picture, picture; portray &c. (represent) 554;

characterize, particularize; narrate, relate, recite, recount, sum up,

run over, recapitulate, rehearse, fight one's battles over again.

unfold a tale &c. (disclose) 529; tell; give an account of, render an

account of; report, make a report, draw up a statement. detail; enter

into particulars, enter into details, descend to particulars, descend

to details; itemize. Adj. descriptive, graphic, narrative, epic,

suggestive, well-drawn; historic; traditional, traditionary; legendary;

anecdotic[obs3], storied; described &c. v. Phr. furor scribendi[Lat].

#595. Dissertation.—N. dissertation, treatise, essay; thesis,

theme; monograph, tract, tractate[obs3], tractation[obs3]; discourse,

memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon, homily, pandect[obs3]; excursus.

commentary, review, critique, criticism, article; leader, leading

article; editorial; running commentary. investigation &c. (inquiry)

461; study &c. (consideration) 451; discussion &c. (reasoning) 476;

exposition &c. (explanation) 522. commentator, critic, essayist,

pamphleteer. V. expound upon a subject, dissert upon a subject[obs3],

descant upon a subject, write upon a subject, touch upon a subject;

treat a subject, treat a subject thoroughly, treat of a subject, take

up a subject, ventilate a subject, discuss a subject, deal with a

subject, go into a subject, go into a subject at length, canvass a

subject, handle a subject, do justice to a subject. hold forth[oral

dissertation], discourse, delve into. Adj. discursive,

discoursive[obs3]; disquisitionary[obs3]; expository.

#596. Compendium.—N. compend, compendium; abstract, precis,

epitome, multum in parvo[Lat], analysis, pandect[obs3], digest, sum and

substance, brief, abridgment, summary, apercu, draft, minute, note;

excerpt; synopsis, textbook, conspectus, outlines, syllabus, contents,

heads, prospectus. album; scrap book, note book, memorandum book,

commonplace book; extracts, excerpta[obs3], cuttings; fugitive pieces,

fugitive writing; spicilegium[obs3], flowers, anthology,

collectanea[obs3], analecta[obs3]; compilation. recapitulation, resume,

review. abbreviation, abbreviature[obs3]; contraction; shortening &c.

201; compression &c. 195. V. abridge, abstract, epitomize, summarize;

make an abstract, prepare an abstract, draw an abstract, compile an

abstract &c. n. recapitulate, review, skim, run over, sum up.

abbreviate &c. (shorten) 201; condense &c. (compress) 195; compile &c.

(collect) 72. Adj. compendious, synoptic, analectic[obs3]; abrege[Fr],

abridged &c. v.; variorum[obs3]. Adv. in short, in epitome, in

substance, in few words. Phr. it lies in a nutshell.

#597. Poetry.—N. poetry, poetics, poesy, Muse, Calliope, tuneful

Nine, Parnassus, Helicon[obs3], Pierides, Pierian spring.

versification, rhyming, making verses; prosody, orthometry[obs3]. poem;

epic, epic poem; epopee[obs3], epopoea, ode, epode[obs3], idyl, lyric,

eclogue, pastoral, bucolic, dithyramb, anacreontic[obs3], sonnet,

roundelay, rondeau[Fr], rondo, madrigal, canzonet[obs3], cento[obs3],

*monody, elegy; amoebaeum, ghazal[obs3], palinode. dramatic poetry,

lyric poetry; opera; posy, anthology; disjecta membra poetae song[Lat],

ballad, lay; love song, drinking song, war song, sea song; lullaby;

music &c. 415; nursery rhymes. [Bad poetry] doggerel, Hudibrastic

verse[obs3], prose run mad; macaronics[obs3]; macaronic verse[obs3],

leonine verse; runes. canto, stanza, distich, verse, line, couplet,

triplet, quatrain; strophe, antistrophe[obs3]. verse, rhyme, assonance,

crambo[obs3], meter, measure, foot, numbers, strain, rhythm;

accentuation &c. (voice) 580; dactyl, spondee, trochee, anapest &c.;

hexameter, pentameter; Alexandrine; anacrusis[obs3], antispast[obs3],

blank verse, ictus. elegiacs &c. adj.; elegiac verse, elegaic meter,

elegaic poetry. poet, poet laureate; laureate; bard, lyrist[obs3],

scald, skald[obs3], troubadour, trouvere[Fr]; minstrel; minnesinger,

meistersinger[Ger]; improvisatore[obs3]; versifier, sonneteer; rhymer,

rhymist[obs3], rhymester; ballad monger, runer[obs3]; poetaster; genus

irritabile vatum [Latin]. V. poetize, sing, versify, make verses,

rhyme, scan. Adj. poetic, poetical; lyric, lyrical, tuneful, epic,

dithyrambic &c. n.; metrical; a catalectin[obs3]; elegiac, iambic,

trochaic, anapestic[obs3]; amoebaeic, Melibean, skaldic[obs3]; Ionic,

Sapphic, Alcaic[obs3], Pindaric. Phr. "a poem round and perfect as a

star" [Alex. Smith]; Dichtung und Wahrheit [Ger]; furor poeticus[Lat];

"his virtues formed the magic of his song" [Hayley]; "I do but sing

because I must" [Tennyson]; "I learnt life from the poets" [de Stael];

licentia vatum[Lat]; mutum est pictura poema[Lat]; "O for a muse of

fire!" [Henry V]; "sweet food of sweetly uttered knowledge" [Sidney];

"the true poem is the poet's mind" [Emerson]; Volk der Dichter und

Denker[Ger]; "wisdom married to immortal verse" [Wordsworth].

#598. Prose.—N. prose, prose writer. prosaicism[obs3],

#

prosaism[obs3], prosaist[obs3], proser[obs3].

V. prose.

write prose, write in prose.

Adj. prosal[obs3],prosy, prosaic; unpoetic, unpoetical[obs3].

rhymeless[obs3], unrhymed, in prose, not in verse.

#599. The Drama.—N. the drama, the stage, the theater, the play;

film the film, movies, motion pictures, cinema, cinematography;

theatricals, dramaturgy, histrionic art, buskin, sock, cothurnus[obs3],

Melpomene and Thalia, Thespis. play, drama, stage play, piece[Fr],

five-act play, tragedy, comedy, opera, vaudeville, comedietta[obs3],

lever de rideau[Fr], interlude, afterpiece[obs3], exode[obs3], farce,

divertissement, extravaganza, burletta[obs3], harlequinade[obs3],

pantomime, burlesque, opera bouffe[Fr], ballet, spectacle, masque,

drame comedie drame[Fr]; melodrama, melodrame[obs3]; comidie

larmoyante[Fr], sensation drama; tragicomedy, farcical-comedy;

monodrame monologue[obs3];duologue trilogy; charade, proverbs; mystery,

miracle play; musical, musical comedy. [movies] western, horse opera;

flick [coll.]; spy film, love story, adventure film, documentary,

nature film; pornographic film, smoker, skin flick, X-rated film. act,

scene, tableau; induction, introduction; prologue, epilogue; libretto.

performance, representation, mise en scene[French], stagery[obs3], jeu

de theatre[French]; acting; gesture &c. 550; impersonation &c. 554;

stage business, gag, buffoonery. light comedy, genteel comedy, low

comedy. theater; playhouse, opera house; house; music hall;

amphitheater, circus, hippodrome, theater in the round; puppet show,

fantoccini[obs3]; marionettes, Punch and Judy. auditory, auditorium,

front of the house, stalls, boxes, pit, gallery, parquet; greenroom,

coulisses[Fr]. flat; drop, drop scene; wing, screen, side scene;

transformation scene, curtain, act drop; proscenium. stage, scene,

scenery, the boards; trap, mezzanine floor; flies; floats, footlights;

offstage; orchestra. theatrical costume, theatrical properties. movie

studio, back lot, on location. part, role, character, dramatis

personae[Lat]; repertoire. actor, thespian, player; method actor; stage

player, strolling player; stager, performer; mime, mimer[obs3];

artists; comedian, tragedian; tragedienne, Roscius; star, movie star,

star of stage and screen, superstar, idol, sex symbol; supporting

actor, supporting cast; ham, hamfatter *[obs3]; masker[obs3].

pantomimist, clown harlequin, buffo[obs3], buffoon, farceur, grimacer,

pantaloon, columbine; punchinello[obs3]; pulcinello[obs3],

pulcinella[obs3]; extra, bit-player, walk-on role, cameo appearance;

mute, figurante[obs3], general utility; super, supernumerary. company;

first tragedian, prima donna[Sp], protagonist; jeune premier[French];

debutant, debutante[French]; light comedian, genteel comedian, low

comedian; walking gentleman, amoroso[obs3], heavy father,

ingenue[French], jeune veuve[French]. mummer, guiser[obs3],

guisard[obs3], gysart |, masque. mountebank, Jack Pudding; tumbler,

posture master, acrobat; contortionist; ballet dancer, ballet girl;

chorus singer; coryphee danseuse[Fr]. property man, costumier,

machinist; prompter, call boy; manager; director, stage manager, acting

manager. producer, entrepreneur, impresario; backer, investor,

angel[fig]. dramatic author, dramatic writer; play writer, playwright;

dramatist, mimographer[obs3]. V. act, play, perform; put on the stage;

personate &c. 554; mimic &c. (imitate) 19; enact; play a part, act a

part, go through a part, perform a part; rehearse, spout, gag, rant;

"strut and fret one's hour upon a stage"; tread the boards, tread the

stage; come out; star it. Adj. dramatic; theatric, theatrical; scenic,

histrionic, comic, tragic, buskined[obs3], farcical, tragicomic,

melodramatic, operatic; stagy. Adv. on the stage, on the boards; on

film; before the floats, before an audience; behind the scenes. Phr.

fere totus mundus exercet histrionem [Lat][Petronius Arbiter]; "suit

the action to the word, the word to the action" [Hamlet]; "the play's

the thing" [Hamlet]; "to wake the soul by tender strokes of art"

[Pope].

CLASS V

WORDS RELATING TO THE VOLUNTARY POWERS

DIVISION (I) INDIVIDUAL VOLITION

SECTION I. VOLITION IN GENERAL

1. Acts of Volition

#600. Will.—N. will, volition, conation[obs3], velleity; liberum

arbitrium[Lat]; will and pleasure, free will; freedom &c. 748;

discretion; option &c. (choice) 609; voluntariness[obs3]; spontaneity,

spontaneousness; originality. pleasure, wish, mind; desire; frame of

mind &c. (inclination) 602; intention &c. 620; predetermination &c.

611; selfcontrol &c. determination &c. (resolution) 604; force of will.

V. will, list; see fit, think fit; determine &c. (resolve) 604; enjoin;

settle &c. (choose) 609; volunteer. have a will of one's own; do what

one chooses &c. (freedom) 748; have it all one's own way; have one's

will, have one's own way. use one's discretion, exercise one's

discretion; take upon oneself, take one's own course, take the law into

one's own hands; do of one's own accord, do upon one's own authority;

originate &c. (cause) 153. Adj. voluntary, volitional, willful; free

&c. 748; optional; discretional, discretionary; volitient[obs3],

volitive[obs3]. minded &c. (willing) 602; prepense &c. (predetermined)

611[obs3]; intended &c. 620; autocratic; unbidden &c. (bid &c. 741);

spontaneous; original &c. (casual) 153; unconstrained. Adv. voluntarily

&c. adj.; at will, at pleasure; a volonte[Fr], a discretion; al

piacere[It]; ad libitum, ad arbitrium[Lat]; as one thinks proper, as it

seems good to; a beneplacito[It]. of one's won accord, of one's own

free will; proprio motu[Lat], suo motu[Lat], ex meromotu[Lat]; out of

one's own head; by choice &c. 609; purposely &c. (intentionally) 620;

deliberately &c. 611. Phr. stet pro ratione voluntas[Lat]; sic volo sic

jubeo[Lat]; a vostro beneplacito[It]; beneficium accipere libertatem

est vendere[Lat]; Deus vult[Lat]; was man nicht kann meiden muss man

willig leiden[Ger].

#601. Necessity.—N. involuntariness; instinct, blind impulse;

inborn proclivity, innate proclivity; native tendency, natural

tendency; natural impulse, predetermination. necessity, necessitation;

obligation; compulsion &c. 744; subjection &c. 749; stern necessity,

hard necessity, dire necessity, imperious necessity, inexorable

necessity, iron necessity, adverse necessity; fate; what must be.

destiny, destination; fatality, fate, kismet, doom, foredoom, election,

predestination; preordination, foreordination; lot fortune; fatalism;

inevitableness &c. adj.; spell &c. 993. star, stars; planet, planets;

astral influence; sky, Fates, Parcae, Sisters three, book of fate;

God's will, will of Heaven; wheel of Fortune, Ides of March, Hobson's

choice. last shift, last resort; dernier ressort[Fr]; pis aller &c.

(substitute) 147[Fr]; necessaries &c. (requirement) 630.

necessarian[obs3], necessitarian[obs3]; fatalist; automaton. V. lie

under a necessity; befated[obs3], be doomed, be destined &c. in for,

under the necessity of; have no choice, have no alternative; be one's

fate &c. n. to be pushed to the wall to be driven into a corner, to be

unable to help. destine, doom, foredoom, devote; predestine, preordain;

cast a spell &c. 992; necessitate; compel &c. 744. Adj. necessary,

needful &c (requisite) 630. fated; destined &c. v.; elect; spellbound,

compulsory &c. (compel) 744; uncontrollable, inevitable, unavoidable,

irresistible, irrevocable, inexorable; avoidless[obs3], resistless.

involuntary, instinctive, automatic, blind, mechanical; unconscious,

unwitting, unthinking; unintentional &c. (undesigned) 621; impulsive

&c. 612. Adv. necessarily &c. adv.; of necessity, of course; ex

necessitate rei[Lat]; needs must; perforce &c. 744; nolens volens[Lat];

will he nil he, willy nilly, bon gre mal gre[Fr], willing or unwilling,

coute que coute[Fr]. faute de mieux[Fr]; by stress of; if need be.

Phr. it cannot be helped; there is no help for, there is no helping it;

it will be, it must be, it needs to be, it must be so, it will have its

way; the die is cast; jacta est alea[obs3][Lat]; che sara sara[French];

"it is written"; one's days are numbered, one's fate is sealed; Fata

obstant[Latin]; diis aliter visum[obs3][Latin]; actum me invito

factus[Latin], non est meus actus[Latin]; aujord'hui roi demain

rien[French]; quisque suos patimur manes [Latin][Vergil];"The moving

finger writes and having writ moves on. Nor all your piety and wit can

bring it back to cancel half a line, nor all your tears wash out a word

of it."[Rubayyat of Omar Khayyam].

#602. Willingness.—N. willingness, voluntariness &c. adj[obs3].;

willing mind, heart. disposition, inclination, leaning, animus; frame

of mind, humor, mood, vein; bent &c. (turn of mind) 820; penchant &c.

(desire) 865; aptitude &c. 698. docility, docibleness[obs3];

persuasibleness[obs3], persuasibility[obs3]; pliability &c. (softness)

324. geniality, cordiality; goodwill; alacrity, readiness, earnestness,

forwardness; eagerness &c. (desire) 865. asset &c. 488; compliance &c.

762; pleasure &c. (will) 600; gratuitous service. labor of love;

volunteer, volunteering. V. be willing &c. adj.; incline, lean to,

mind, propend; had as lief; lend a willing ear, give a willing ear,

turn a willing ear; have a half a mind to, have a great mind to; hold

to, cling to; desire &c. 865. see fit, think good, think proper;

acquiesce &c (assent) 488; comply with &c. 762. swallow the bait,

nibble at the bait; gorge the hook; have no scruple of, make no scruple

of; make no bones of; jump at, catch at; meet halfway; volunteer. Adj.

willing, minded, fain, disposed, inclined, favorable; favorably-

minded, favorably inclined, favorably disposed; nothing loth; in the

vein, in the mood, in the humor, in the mind. ready, forward, earnest,

eager; bent upon &c. (desirous) 865; predisposed, propense[obs3].

docile; persuadable, persuasible; suasible[obs3], easily persuaded,

facile, easy-going; tractable &c. (pliant) 324; genial, gracious,

cordial, cheering, hearty; content &c. (assenting) 488. voluntary,

gratuitous, spontaneous; unasked &c. (ask &c. 765); unforced &c. (free)

748. Adv. willingly &c. adj.; fain, freely, as lief, heart and soul;

with pleasure, with all one's heart, with open arms; with good will,

with right will; de bonne volonte[Fr], ex animo[Lat]; con amore[It],

heart in hand, nothing loth, without reluctance, of one's own accord,

graciously, with a good grace. a la bonne heure[Fr]; by all means, by

all manner of means; to one's heart's content; yes &c. (assent) 488.

#603. Unwillingness.—N. unwillingness &c. adj.; indisposition,

indisposedness[obs3]; disinclination, aversation[obs3]; nolleity[obs3],

nolition[obs3]; renitence[obs3], renitency; reluctance; indifference

&c. 866; backwardness &c. adj.; slowness &c. 275; want of alacrity,

want of readiness; indocility &c. (obstinacy) 606[obs3].

scrupulousness, scrupulosity; qualms of conscience, twinge of

conscience; delicacy, demur, scruple, qualm, shrinking, recoil;

hesitation &c. (irresolution) 605; fastidiousness &c. 868. averseness

&c. (dislike) 867[obs3]; dissent &c. 489; refusal &c. 764. V. be

unwilling &c. adj.; nill; dislike &c. 867; grudge, begrudge; not be

able to find it in one's heart to, not have the stomach to. demur,

stick at, scruple, stickle; hang fire, run rusty; recoil, shrink,

swerve; hesitate &c. 605; avoid &c. 623. oppose &c. 708; dissent &c.

489; refuse &c. 764. Adj. unwilling; not in the vein, loth, loath, shy

of, disinclined, indisposed, averse, reluctant, not content; adverse

&c. (opposed) 708; laggard, backward, remiss, slack, slow to;

indifferent &c. 866; scrupulous; squeamish &c. (fastidious) 868;

repugnant &c. (dislike) 867; restiff|, restive; demurring &c. v.;

unconsenting &c. (refusing) 764; involuntary &c. 601. Adv. unwillingly

&c. adj.; grudgingly, with a heavy heart; with a bad, with an ill

grace; against one's wishes, against one's will, against the grain,

sore against one's wishes, sore against one's will, sore against one's

grain; invita Minerva[Lat]; a contre caeur[Fr]; malgre soi[Fr]; in

spite of one's teeth, in spite of oneself; nolens volens &c.

(necessity) 601[Lat]; perforce &c. 744; under protest; no &c. 536; not

for the world, far be it from me.

#604. Resolution.—N. determination, will; iron will, unconquerable

will; will of one's own, decision, resolution; backbone; clear grit,

true grit, grit [U. S. &can.]; sand, strength of mind, strength of

will; resolve &c. (intent) 620; firmness &c. (stability) 150; energy,

manliness, vigor; game, pluck; resoluteness &c. (courage) 861; zeal &c.

682; aplomb; desperation; devotion, devotedness. mastery over self;

self control, self command, self possession, self reliance, self

government, self restraint, self conquest, self denial; moral courage,

moral strength; perseverance &c. 604a; tenacity; obstinacy &c. 606;

bulldog; British lion. V. have determination &c. n.; know one's own

mind; be resolved &c. adj.; make up one's mind, will, resolve,

determine; decide &c. (judgment) 480; form a determination, come to a

determination, come to a resolution, come to a resolve; conclude, fix,

seal, determine once for all, bring to a crisis, drive matters to an

extremity; take a decisive step &c. (choice) 609; take upon oneself &c.

(undertake) 676. devote oneself to, give oneself up to; throw away the

scabbard, kick down the ladder, nail one's colors to the mast, set

one's back against the wall, set one's teeth, put one's foot down, take

one's stand; stand firm &c. (stability) 150; steel oneself; stand no

nonsense, not listen to the voice of the charmer. buckle to; buckle

oneself put one's shoulder to the wheel, lay one's shoulder to the

wheel, set one's shoulder to the wheel; put one's heart into; run the

gauntlet, make a dash at, take the bull by the horns; rush in medias

res, plunge in medias res; go in for; insist upon, make a point of; set

one's heart upon, set one's mind upon. stick at nothing, stop at

nothing; make short work of &c. (activity) 682; not stick at trifles;

go all lengths, go the limit *, go the whole hog; persist &c.

(persevere) 604a; go through fire and water, ride the tiger, ride in

the whirlwind and direct the storm. Adj. resolved &c. v.; determined;

strong-willed, strong-minded; resolute &c. (brave) 861; self-possessed;

decided, definitive, peremptory, tranchant[obs3]; unhesitating,

unflinching, unshrinking[obs3]; firm, iron, gritty [U.S.], indomitable,

game to the backbone; inexorable, relentless, not to be shaken, not to

be put down; tenax propositi[Lat]; inflexible &c. (hard) 323; obstinate

&c. 606; steady &c. (persevering) 604a. earnest, serious; set upon,

bent upon, intent upon. steel against, proof against; in utrumque

paratus[Lat]. Adv. resolutely &c. adj.; in earnest, in good earnest;

seriously, joking apart, earnestly, heart and soul; on one's mettle;

manfully, like a man, with a high hand; with a strong hand &c.

(exertion) 686. at any rate, at any risk, at any hazard at any price,

at any cost, at any sacrifice; at all hazards, at all risks, at all

events; a bis ou a blanc[Fr][obs3]; cost what it may; coute[Fr]; a tort

et a travers[obs3]; once for all; neck or nothing; rain or shine. Phr.

spes sibi quisque[Lat]; celui qui veut celui-la peut[Fr]; chi non

s'arrischia non guadagna[Fr][obs3]; frangas non flectes[Lat]; manu

forti[Lat]; tentanda via est[Lat].

#604a. Perseverance.—N. perseverance; continuance &c. (inaction)

143; permanence &c. (absence of change) 141; firmness &c. (stability)

150. constancy, steadiness; singleness of purpose, tenacity of purpose;

persistence, plodding, patience; sedulity &c. (industry) 682;

pertinacy|, pertinacity, pertinaciousness; iteration &c. 104 bottom,

game, pluck, stamina, backbone, grit; indefatigability,

indefatigableness; bulldog courage. V. persevere, persist; hold on,

hold out; die in the last ditch, be in at the death; stick to, cling

to, adhere to; stick to one's text, keep on; keep to one's course, keep

to one's ground, maintain one's course, maintain one's ground; go all

lengths, go through fire and water; bear up, keep up, hold up; plod;

stick to work &c. (work) 686; continue &c. 143; follow up; die in

harness, die at one's post. Adj. persevering, constant; steady,

steadfast; undeviating, unwavering, unfaltering, unswerving,

unflinching, unsleeping[obs3], unflagging, undrooping[obs3]; steady as

time; unrelenting, unintermitting[obs3], unremitting; plodding;

industrious &c. 682; strenuous &c. 686; pertinacious; persisting,

persistent. solid, sturdy, staunch, stanch, true to oneself;

unchangeable &c. 150; unconquerable &c. (strong) 159; indomitable, game

to the last, indefatigable, untiring, unwearied, never tiring. Adv.

through evil report and good report, through thick and thin, through

fire and water; per fas et nefas[Lat]; without fail, sink or swim, at

any price, vogue la galere[Fr].. Phr. never say die; give it the old

college try; vestigia nulla retrorsum[Lat]; aut vincer aut mori[Lat];

la garde meurt et ne se rend pas[Fr]; tout vient a temps pour qui sait

attendre[Fr].

#605. Irresolution.—N. irresolution, infirmity of purpose,

indecision; indetermination, undetermination|!; unsettlement;

uncertainty &c. 475; demur, suspense; hesitating &c. v., hesitation,

hesitancy; vacillation; changeableness &c. 149; fluctuation;

alternation &c. (oscillation) 314; caprice &c. 608. fickleness, levity,

legerete[Fr]; pliancy &c. (softness) 324; weakness; timidity &c. 860;

cowardice &c. 862; half measures. waverer, ass between two bundles of

hay; shuttlecock, butterfly; wimp; doughface [obs3][U. S.]. V. be

irresolute &c. adj.; hang in suspense, keep in suspense; leave "ad

referendum"; think twice about, pause; dawdle &c. (inactivity) 683;

remain neuter; dillydally, hesitate, boggle, hover, dacker[obs3], hum

and haw, demur, not know one's own mind; debate, balance; dally with,

coquet with; will and will not, chaser-balancer[obs3]; go halfway,

compromise, make a compromise; be thrown off one's balance, stagger

like a drunken man; be afraid &c. 860; "let 'I dare not' wait upon 'I

would'" [Macbeth]; falter, waver vacillate &c. 149; change &c. 140;

retract &c. 607; fluctuate; pendulate[obs3]; alternate &c. (oscillate)

314; keep off and on, play fast and loose; blow hot and cold &c.

(caprice) 608. shuffle, palter, blink; trim. Adj. irresolute, infirm of

purpose, double-minded, half-hearted; undecided, unresolved,

undetermined; shilly-shally; fidgety, tremulous; hesitating &c. v.; off

one's balance; at a loss &c. (uncertain) 475. vacillating &c. v.;

unsteady &c. (changeable) 149; unsteadfast[obs3], fickle, without

ballast; capricious &c. 608; volatile, frothy; light, lightsome,

light-minded; giddy; fast and loose. weak, feeble-minded, frail; timid,

wimpish, wimpy &c. 860; cowardly &c. 862; dough-faced [U.S.]; facile;

pliant &c. (soft) 324; unable to say "no", easy-going, revocable,

reversible. Adv. irresolutely &c. adj.; irresolved[obs3],

irresolvedly[obs3]; in faltering accents; off and on; from pillar to

post; seesaw &c. 314. Int. "how happy could I be with either!" [Gay].

#606. Obstinacy.—N. obstinateness &c. adj.; obstinacy, tenacity;

cussedness [U. S.]; perseverance &c. 604a; immovability; old school;

inflexibility &c. (hardness) 323; obduracy, obduration[obs3]; dogged

resolution; resolution &c. 604; ruling passion; blind side. self-will,

contumacy, perversity; pervicacy|, pervicacity[obs3]; indocility[obs3].

bigotry, intolerance, dogmatism; opiniatry|, opiniativeness; fixed idea

&c. (prejudgment) 481; fanaticism, zealotry, infatuation, monomania;

opinionatedness opinionativeness[obs3]. mule; opinionist|,

opinionatist[obs3], opiniator|, opinator|; stickler, dogmatist; bigot;

zealot, enthusiast, fanatic. V. be obstinate &c. adj.; stickle, take no

denial, fly in the face of facts; opinionate, be wedded to an opinion,

hug a belief; have one's own way &c. (will) 600; persist &c.

(persevere) 604a; have the last word, insist on having the last word.

die hard, fight against destiny, not yield an inch, stand out. Adj.

obstinate, tenacious, stubborn, obdurate, casehardened; inflexible &c.

(hard) 323; balky; immovable, unshakable, not to be moved; inert &c.

172; unchangeable &c. 150; inexorable &c. (determined) 604; mulish,

obstinate as a mule, pig-headed. dogged; sullen, sulky; unmoved,

uninfluenced, unaffected. willful, self-willed, perverse; resty[obs3],

restive, restiff|; pervicacious[obs3], wayward, refractory, unruly;

heady, headstrong; entete[Fr]; contumacious; crossgrained[obs3].

arbitrary, dogmatic, positive, bigoted; prejudiced &c. 481; creed-

bound; prepossessed, infatuated; stiff-backed, stiff necked, stiff

hearted; hard-mouthed, hidebound; unyielding; impervious,

impracticable, inpersuasible[obs3]; unpersuadable; intractable,

untractable[obs3]; incorrigible, deaf to advice, impervious to reason;

crotchety &c. 608. Adv. obstinately &c. adj. Phr. non possumus[Lat]; no

surrender; ils n'ont rien appris ne rien oublie[Fr].

#607. Tergiversation.—N. change of mind, change of intention,

change of purpose; afterthought. tergiversation, recantation; palinode,

palinody[obs3]; renunciation; abjuration,abjurement[obs3]; defection

&c. (relinquishment) 624; going over &c. v.; apostasy; retraction,

retractation[obs3]; withdrawal; disavowal &c. (negation) 536;

revocation, revokement[obs3]; reversal; repentance &c. 950-

redintegratio amoris[Lat]. coquetry; vacillation &c. 605; backsliding;

volte-face[Fr]. turn coat, turn tippet|; rat, apostate, renegade;

convert, pervert; proselyte, deserter; backslider; blackleg, crawfish

[U. S.], scab*, mugwump [U. S.], recidivist. time server, time

pleaser[obs3]; timist|, Vicar of Bray, trimmer, ambidexter[obs3];

weathercock &c. (changeable) 149; Janus. V. change one's mind, change

one's intention, change one's purpose, change one's note; abjure,

renounce; withdraw from &c. (relinquish) 624; waver, vacillate; wheel

round, turn round, veer round; turn a pirouette; go over from one side

to another, pass from one side to another, change from one side to

another, skip from one side to another; go to the rightabout; box the

compass, shift one's ground, go upon another tack. apostatize, change

sides, go over, rat; recant, retract; revoke; rescind &c. (abrogate)

756; recall; forswear, unsay; come over, come round to an opinion;

crawfish *[U. S.], crawl* [U. S.]. draw in one's horns, eat one's

words; eat the leek, swallow the leek; swerve, flinch, back out of,

retrace one's steps, think better of it; come back return to one's

first love; turn over a new leaf &c. (repent) 950. trim, shuffle, play

fast and loose, blow hot and cold, coquet, be on the fence, straddle,

bold with the hare but run with the hounds; nager entre deux eaux[Fr];

wait to see how the cat jumps, wait to see how the wind blows. Adj.

changeful &c. 149; irresolute &c. 605; ductile, slippery as an eel,

trimming, ambidextrous, timeserving[obs3]; coquetting &c. v.

revocatory[obs3], reactionary. Phr. "a change came o'er the spirit of

my dream" [Byron].

#608. Caprice.—N. caprice, fancy, humor; whim, whimsy,

whimsey[obs3], whimwham[obs3]; crotchet, capriccio, quirk, freak,

maggot, fad, vagary, prank, fit, flimflam, escapade, boutade[Fr],

wild-goose chase; capriciousness &c. adj.; kink. V. be capricious &c.

adj.; have a maggot in the brain; take it into one's head, strain at a

gnat and swallow a camel; blow hot and cold; play fast and loose, play

fantastic tricks; tourner casaque[Fr]. Adj. capricious; erratic,

eccentric, fitful, hysterical; full of whims &c. n.; maggoty;

inconsistent, fanciful, fantastic, whimsical, crotchety, kinky [U. S.],

particular, humorsome[obs3], freakish, skittish, wanton, wayward;

contrary; captious; arbitrary; unconformable &c. 83; penny wise and

pound foolish; fickle &c. (irresolute) 605; frivolous, sleeveless,

giddy, volatile. Adv. by fits and starts, without rhyme or reason. Phr.

nil fuit unquain sic inipar sibi[Lat]; the deuce is in him.

#609. Choice.—N. choice, option; discretion &c. (volition) 600;

preoption[obs3]; alternative; dilemma, embarras de choix[Fr]; adoption,

cooptation[obs3]; novation[obs3]; decision &c. (judgment) 480.

election; political election (politics) 737a. selection, excerption,

gleaning, eclecticism; excerpta[obs3], gleanings, cuttings, scissors

and paste; pick &c. (best) 650. preference, prelation[obs3], opinion

poll, survey; predilection &c. (desire) 865. V. offers one's choice,

set before; hold out the alternative, present the alternative, offer

the alternative; put to the vote. use option, use discretion, exercise

option, exercise discretion, one's option; adopt, take up, embrace,

espouse; choose, elect, opt for; take one's choice, make one's choice;

make choice of, fix upon. vote, poll, hold up one's hand; divide.

settle; decide &c. (adjudge) 480; list &c. (will) 600; make up one's

mind &c. (resolve) 604. select; pick and choose; pick out, single out;

cull, glean, winnow; sift the chaff from the wheat, separate the chaff

from the wheat, winnow the chaff from the wheat; pick up, pitch upon;

pick one's way; indulge one's fancy. set apart, mark out for; mark &c.

550. prefer; have rather, have as lief; fancy &c. (desire) 865; be

persuaded &c. 615. take a decided step, take a decisive step; commit

oneself to a course; pass the Rubicon, cross the Rubicon; cast in one's

lot with; take for better or for worse. Adj. optional; discretional &c.

(voluntary) 600. eclectic; choosing &c. v.; preferential; chosen &c.

v.; choice &c. (good) 648. Adv. optionally &c. adj.; at pleasure &c.

(will) 600; either the one or the other; or at the option of; whether

or not; once and for all; for one's money. by choice, by preference; in

preference; rather, before.

#609a. Absence of Choice.—N. no choice, Hobson's choice; first come

#

first served, random selection; necessity &c. 601; not a pin to choose

&c.

(equality) 27; any, the first that comes; that or nothing.

neutrality, indifference; indecision &c. (irresolution) 605;

arbitrariness.

coercion (compulsion) 744.

V. be neutral &c. adj.; have no choice, have no election; waive,

not

vote; abstain from voting, refrain from voting; leave undecided; "make

a

virtue of necessity" [Two Gentlemen].

Adj. neutral, neuter; indifferent, uninterested; undecided &c.

(irresolute) 605.

Adv. either &c. (choice) 609.

Phr. who cares? what difference does it make? "There's not a

dime's

worth of difference between them." [George Wallace].

#610. Rejection.—N. rejection, repudiation, exclusion; refusal &c.

764; declination V. reject; set aside, lay aside; give up; decline &c.

(refuse) 764; exclude, except; pluck, spin; cast. repudiate, scout, set

at naught; fling to the winds, fling to the dogs, fling overboard,

fling away, cast to the winds, cast to the dogs, cast overboard, cast

away, throw to the winds, throw to the dogs, throw overboard, throw

away, toss to the winds, toss to the dogs, toss overboard, toss away;

send to the right about; disclaim &c. (deny) 536; discard &c. (eject)

297, (have done with) 678. Adj. rejected &c. v.; reject, rejectaneous|,

rejectious|; not chosen &c. 609, to be thought of, out of the question

Adv. neither, neither the one nor the other; no &c 536. Phr. non haec

in faedera[Lat].

#611. Predetermination.—N. predestination, preordination,

premeditation, predeliberation[obs3], predetermination; foregone

conclusion, fait accompli[Fr]; parti pris[Fr]; resolve, propendency|;

intention &c. 620; project &c. 626; fate, foredoom, necessity. V.

predestine, preordain, predetermine, premeditate, resolve, concert;

resolve beforehand, predesignate. Adj. prepense[obs3], premeditated &c.

v., predesignated, predesigned[obs3]; advised, studied, designed,

calculated; aforethought; intended &c. 620; foregone. well-laid,

well-devised, well-weighed; maturely considered; cunning. Adv.

advisedly &c. adj.; with premeditation, deliberately, all things

considered, with eyes open, in cold blood; intentionally &c. 620.

#612. Impulse.—N. impulse, sudden thought; impromptu,

improvisation; inspiration, flash, spurt. improvisatore[obs3]; creature

of impulse. V. flash on the mind. say what comes uppermost; improvise,

extemporize. Adj. extemporaneous, impulsive, indeliberate[obs3]; snap;

improvised, improvisate[obs3], improvisatory[obs3]; unpremeditated,

unmeditated; improvise; unprompted, unguided; natural, unguarded;

spontaneous &c. (voluntary) 600; instinctive &c. 601. Adv. extempore,

extemporaneously; offhand, impromptu, a limproviste[Fr];

improviso[obs3]; on the spur of the moment, on the spur of the

occasion.

#613. Habit. [includes commonness due to frequency of occurrence]—

N. habit, habitude; assuetude|, assuefaction|, wont; run, way. common

state of things, general state of things, natural state of things,

ordinary state of things, ordinary course of things, ordinary run of

things; matter of course; beaten path, beaten track, beaten ground.

prescription, custom, use, usage, immemorial usage, practice;

prevalence, observance; conventionalism, conventionality; mode,

fashion, vogue; etiquette &c. (gentility) 852; order of the day, cry;

conformity &c. 82; consuetude,.dustoor[obs3]. one's old way, old

school, veteris vestigia flammae[Lat]; laudator temporis acti[Lat].

rule, standing order, precedent, routine; red-tape, red-tapism[obs3];

pipe clay; rut, groove. cacoethes[Lat]; bad habit, confirmed habit,

inveterate habit, intrinsic habit &c.; addiction, trick. training &c.

(education) 537; seasoning, second nature, acclimatization; knack &c.

V. be wont &c. adj. fall into a rut, fall into a custom &c. (conform

to) 82; tread the beaten track, follow the beaten track, tread the

beaten path, follow the beaten; stare super antiquas vias[Lat][obs3];

move in a rut, run on in a groove, go round like a horse in a mill, go

on in the old jog trot way. habituate, inure, harden, season,

caseharden; accustom, familiarize; naturalize, acclimatize; keep one's

hand in; train &c. (educate) 537. get into the way, get into the knack

of; learn &c. 539; cling to, adhere to; repeat &c. 104; acquire a

habit, contract a habit, fall into a habit, acquire a trick, contract a

trick, fall into a trick; addict oneself to, take to, get into. be

habitual &c. adj.; prevail; come into use, become a habit, take root;

gain upon one, grow upon one. Adj. habitual; accustomary[obs3];

prescriptive, accustomed &c. v.; of daily occurrence, of everyday

occurrence; consuetudinary[obs3]; wonted, usual, general, ordinary,

common, frequent, everyday, household, garden variety, jog, trot;

well-trodden, well-known; familiar, vernacular, trite, commonplace,

conventional, regular, set, stock, established, stereotyped;

prevailing, prevalent; current, received, acknowledged, recognized,

accredited; of course, admitted, understood. conformable. &c. 82;

according to use, according to custom, according to routine; in vogue,

in fashion, in, with it; fashionable &c. (genteel) 852. wont; used to,

given to, addicted to, attuned to, habituated &c. v.; in the habit of;

habitue; at home in &c. (skillful) 698; seasoned; imbued with; devoted

to, wedded to. hackneyed, fixed, rooted, deep-rooted, ingrafted[obs3],

permanent, inveterate, besetting; naturalized; ingrained &c.

(intrinsic) 5. Adv. habitually &c. adj.; always &c. (uniformly) 16. as

usual, as is one's wont, as things go, as the world goes, as the sparks

fly upwards; more suo, more solito[Lat]; ex more. as a rule, for the

most part; usually, generally, typically &c. adj.; most often, most

frequently. Phr. cela s'entend[Fr]; abeunt studia in mores[Lat]; adeo

in teneris consuescere multum est[Lat]; consuetudo quasi altera natura

[Lat][Cicero]; hoc erat in more majorum[Lat]; "How use doth breed a

habit in a man!" [Two Gentlemen]; magna est vis consuetudinis[Lat];

morent fecerat usus [Lat][Ovid].

#614. Desuetude.—N. desuetude, disusage[obs3]; obsolescence, disuse

&c. 678; want of habit, want of practice; inusitation[obs3]; newness

to; new brooms. infraction of usage &c. (unconformity) 83;

nonprevalence[obs3]; "a custom more honored in the breach than the

observance" [Hamlet]. V. be -unaccustomed &c. adj.; leave off a habit,

cast off a habit, break off a habit, wean oneself of a habit, violate a

habit, break through a habit, infringe a habit, leave off a custom,

cast off a custom, break off a custom, wean oneself of a custom,

violate a custom, break through a custom, infringe a custom, leave off

a usage, cast off a usage, break off a usage, wean oneself of a usage,

violate a usage, break through a usage, infringe a usage; disuse &c.

678; wear off. Adj. unaccustomed, unused, unwonted, unseasoned,

uninured[obs3], unhabituated[obs3], untrained; new; green &c.

(unskilled) 699; unhackneyed. unusual &c. (unconformable) 83;

nonobservant[obs3]; disused &c. 678.

2. Causes of Volition