be dispended upon a monument over the Lady of Shrewsbury where she is
buried afore Jesus, one hundred pounds. He left Sir Humfrey Talbot his
supervisor. This Sir Humfrey Talbot, knight, lord marshal of the town of
Calais, made his will the year 1492. He was younger son of John Earl of
Shrewsbury, and Margaret his wife; he appointed a stone to be put in a
pillar before the grave of his lady mother in Paul’s, of his portraiture
and arms, according to the will of John Wenlocke, but for want of room
and lightsomeness in that place, it was concluded, the image of Jesus to
be curiously painted on the wall of Paul’s church, over the door that
entereth into the said chapel of Jesus, and the portraiture also of the
said Lady Margaret, Countess of Shrewsbury, kneeling in her mantle of
arms, with her progeny; all which was so performed, and remaineth till
this day.
In the chapel of Jesus, Thomas Dowcrey, William Lambe, 1578, and many
other, have been interred; John of London, under the north rood, 1266;
John Lovell, clerk; John Romane; John of St. Olave; Waltar Bloxley;
Sir Alen Boxhull, knight of the Garter, constable of the Tower, custos
of the forest and park of Clarendon, the forest of Brokholt, Grovell,
and Melchet, buried beside St. Erkenwald’s shrine, and of later time
Thomas Kempe, Bishop of London, in a proper chapel of the Trinity by
him founded in the body of the church, on the north side, 1489; Thomas
Linacre, doctor of physic; John Collet, dean of Paule’s, on the south
side without the choir, 1519; John Dowman, canon of Paule’s, 1525;
Richard Fitz-James, Bishop of London, hard beneath the north-west
pillar of Paule’s steeple, under a fair tomb, and a chapel of St. Paul,
built of timber, with stairs mounting thereunto over his tomb, of grey
marble, 1521. His chapel was burned by fire falling from the steeple,
his tomb was taken thence. John Stokesley, Bishop of London, in our
Lady chapel, 1539; John Nevill, Lord Latimer, in a chapel by the north
door of Paule’s, about 1542; Sir John Mason, knight, in the north walk,
against the choir, 1566; William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, knight of
the Garter, on the north side of the choir, 1569; Sir Nicholas Bacon,
lord-keeper of the great seal, on the south side of the choir, 1578;
Sir Philip Sidney, above the choir on the north side, 1586; Sir Frances
Walsingham, knight, principal secretary, and chancellor of the duchy of
Lancaster, 1590; Sir Christopher Hatton, lord chancellor of England,
knight of the Garter, above the choir, 1591, under a most sumptuous
monument, where a merry poet wrote thus:--
“Philip and Francis have no tombe,
For _great_ Christopher takes all the roome.”
John Elmer, Bishop of London, before St. Thomas’ chapel, 1594; the Lady
Heneage, and her husband, Sir Thomas Heneage, chancellor of the duchy,
1595; Richard Fletcher, Bishop of London, 1596. These, as the chief,
have I noted to be buried there.
Without the north gate of Paule’s church from the end of the Old
Exchange, west up Paternoster row, by the two lanes out of Paule’s
church, the first out of the cross aisle of Paule’s, the other out of
the body of the church, about the midst thereof, and so west to the
Golden Lion, be all of this ward, as is aforesaid. The houses in this
street, from the first north gate of Paule’s churchyard unto the next
gate, was first built without the wall of the churchyard, by Henry
Walles, mayor in the year 1282. The rents of those houses go to the
maintenance of London bridge. This street is now called Pater Noster
row, because of stationers or text writers that dwelt there, who wrote
and sold all sorts of books then in use, namely, A. B. C. with the Pater
Noster, Ave, Creed, Graces, etc.
There dwelt also turners of beads, and they were called Pater Noster
makers, as I read in a record of one Robert Nikke, Pater Noster maker,
and citizen, in the reign of Henry IV., and so of other. At the end of
Pater Noster row is Ave Mary lane, so called upon the like occasion of
text writers and bead makers then dwelling there; and at the end of
that lane is likewise Creede lane, late so called, but sometime Spurrier
row, of spurriers dwelling there; and Amen lane is added thereunto
betwixt the south end of Warwicke lane and the north end of Ave Mary
lane. At the north end of Ave Mary lane is one great house, built of
stone and timber, of old time pertaining to John Duke of Britaine, Earl
of Richmond, as appeareth by the records of Edward II., since that, it
is called Pembrook’s inn, near unto Ludgate, as belonging to the earls
of Pembrook, in the times of Richard II., the 18th year, and of Henry
VI., the 14th year. It is now called Burgaveny house, and belongeth to
Henry, late Lord of Burgaveny.
Betwixt the south end of Ave Mary lane, and the north end of Creed lane,
is the coming out of Paule’s church yard on the east, and the high
street on the west, towards Ludgate, and this is called Bowyer row, of
bowyers dwelling there in old time, now worn out by mercers and others.
In this street, on the north side, is the parish church of St. Martin,
a proper church, and lately new built; for in the year 1437, John
Michael, mayor, and the commonalty, granted to William Downe, parson
of St. Martin’s at Ludgate, a parcel of ground, containing in length
twenty-eight feet, and in breadth four feet, to set and build their
steeple upon, etc. The monuments here have been of William Sevenoake,
mayor 1418; Henry Belwase and John Gest, 1458; William Taverner,
gentleman, 1466; John Barton, esquire, 1439; Stephen Peacock, mayor
1533; Sir Roger Cholmley, John Went, and Roger Paine, had chantries
there.
On the south side of this street is the turning into the Black Friers,
which order sometime had their houses in Old borne, where they remained
for the space of fifty-five years, and then in the year 1276, Gregorie
Roksley, mayor, and the barons of this city, granted and gave to Robert
Kilwarby, Archbishop of Canterbury, two lanes or ways next the street of
Baynard’s castle, and also the tower of Mountfitchit, to be destroyed;
in place of which the said Robert built the late new church of the Black
Friers, and placed them therein. King Edward I., and Elianor his wife,
were great benefactors thereunto. This was a large church, and richly
furnished with ornaments, wherein divers parliaments, and other great
meetings, hath been holden; namely, in the year 1450, the 28th of Henry
VI., a parliament was begun at Westminster, and adjourned to the Black
Friers in London, and from thence to Leycester. In the year 1522, the
Emperor Charles V. was lodged there. In the year 1524, the 15th of
April, a parliament was begun at the Black Friers, wherein was demanded
a subsidy of eight hundred thousand pounds to be raised of goods and
lands, four shillings in every pound, and in the end was granted two
shillings of the pound of goods or lands that were worth twenty pounds,
or might dispend twenty pounds by the year, and so upward, to be paid
in two years. This parliament was adjourned to Westminster amongst the
black monks, and ended in the king’s palace there, the 14th of August,
at nine of the clock in the night, and was therefore called the Black
parliament. In the year 1529, Cardinal Campeius, the legate, with
Cardinal Woolsey, sat at the said Black Friars, where before them, as
legates and judges, was brought in question the king’s marriage with
Queen Katherine, as unlawful, before whom the king and queen were cited
and summoned to appear, etc. whereof more at large in my _Annals_ I have
touched.
The same year, in the month of October, began a parliament in the Black
Friers, in the which Cardinal Woolsey was condemned in the premunire;
this house, valued at £104 15_s._ 5_d._, was surrendered the 12th of
November, the 30th of Henry VIII. There were buried in this church,
Margaret Queen of Scots; Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, translated from
their old church by Oldborne; Robert de Attabeto, Earl of Bellimon; Dame
Isabel, wife to Sir Roger Bygot, earl marshal; William and Jane Huse,
children to Dame Ellis, Countess of Arundell; and by them lieth Dame
Ellis, daughter to the Earl Warren, and after Countess of Arundell;
Dame Ide, wife to Sir Waltar ----, daughter to Ferrers of Chartley;
Richard de Brewes; Richard Strange, son to Roger Strange; Elizabeth,
daughter to Sir Barthol. Badlesmere, wife to Sir William Bohun, Earl
of Northampton; Marsh; the Earls of Marsh and Hereford; and Elizabeth
Countess of Arundell; Dame Joan, daughter to Sir John Carne, first
wife to Sir Gwide Brian; Hugh Clare, knight, 1295; the heart of Queen
Helianor, the foundress; the heart of Alfonce, her son; the hearts of
John and Margaret, children to W. Valence; Sir William Thorpe, justice;
the Lord Lioth of Ireland; Maude, wife to Geffrey Say, daughter to the
Earl of Warwick; Dame Sible, daughter to Wil. Pattehulle, wife to Roger
Beauchampe; and by her Sir Richard or Roger Beauchampe; Lord St. Amand,
and Dame Elizabeth his wife, daughter to the Duke of Lancaster; Sir
Stephen Collington, knight; Sir William Peter, knight; the Countess of
Huntington; Duchess of Excester, 1425; Sir John Cornwall; Lord Fanhope,
died at Amphill in Bedfordshire, and was buried here in 1443; Sir John
Triptoste, Earl of Worcester, beheaded 1470; and by him in his chapel,
James Tuochet Lord Audley, beheaded 1497; William Paston, and Anne,
daughter to Edmond Lancaster; the Lord Beamount; Sir Edmond Cornewall,
Baron of Burford; the Lady Nevell, wedded to Lord Dowglas, daughter
to the Duke of Excester; Richard Scrope, esquire; Dame Katheren Vaux,
_alias_ Cobham; Sir Thomas Browne, and Dame Elizabeth his wife; Jane
Powell; Thomas Swinforth; John Mawsley, esquire, 1432; John De la Bere,
Nicholas Eare, Geffrey Spring, William Clifford, esquires; Sir Thomas
Brandon, knight of the Garter, 1509; William Stalworth, merchant-tailor,
1518; William Courtney, Earl of Devonshire nominate, but not created,
the 3rd of Henry VIII., etc.
There is a parish of St. Anne within the precinct of the Black Friers,
which was pulled down with the Friers’ church, by Sir Thomas Carden;
but in the reign of Queen Mary, he being forced to find a church to
the inhabitants, allowed them a lodging chamber above a stair, which
since that time, to wit, in the year 1597, fell down, and was again by
collection therefore made, new built and enlarged in the same year, and
was dedicated on the 11th of December.
Now to turn again out of the Black Friers through Bowyer row, Ave Mary
lane, and Pater Noster row, to the church of St. Michael _ad Bladum_,
or at the corne (corruptly at the querne), so called, because in place
thereof was sometime a corn market, stretching by west to the shambles.
It seemeth that the church was new built[245] about the reign of Edward
III. Thomas Newton, first parson there, was buried in the choir the
year 1461. At the east end of this church stood a cross, called the old
cross in West Cheape, which was taken down in the year 1390; since the
which time the said parish church was also taken down, but new built
and enlarged in the year 1430, the 8th of Henry VI. William Eastfield,
mayor, and the commonalty, granted of the common soil of the city three
feet and a half in breadth on the north part, and four feet in breadth
toward the east. This is now a proper church, and hath the monuments
of Thomas Newton, first parson; Roger Woodcocke, hatter, 1475; Thomas
Rossel, brewer, 1473; John Hulton, stationer, 1475; John Oxney; Roger
North, merchant-haberdasher, 1509; John Leiland, the famous antiquary;
Henry Pranell, vintner, one of the sheriffs 1585; William Erkin, one of
the sheriffs 1586; Thomas Bankes, barber-chirurgeon, 1598, etc. John
Mundham had a chantry there in the reign of Edward II.
At the east end of this church, in place of the old cross, is now a
water-conduit placed. W. Eastfield, mayor the 9th of Henry VI., at the
request of divers common councils, granted it so to be; whereupon, in
the 19th of the same Henry, one thousand marks were granted by a common
council towards the works of this conduit, and the reparations of other:
this is called the little conduit in West Cheape by Paule’s gate. At the
west end of this parish church is a small passage for people on foot
through the same church; and west from the said church, some distance,
is another passage out of Pater Noster row, and is called, of such a
sign, Panyar alley, which cometh out into the north over against St.
Martin’s lane. Next is Ivie lane, so called of ivy growing on the walls
of the prebend[246] houses; but now the lane is replenished on both
sides with fair houses, and divers offices be there kept by registers,
namely, for the Prerogative Court of the Archbishop of Canterbury,
the probate of wills, and for the lord treasurer’s remembrance of the
exchequer, etc.
This lane runneth north to the west end of St. Nicholas shambles. Of old
time was one great house sometimes belonging to the Earls of Britain,
since that to the Lovels, and was called Lovels’ inn; for Mathild, wife
to John Lovell, held it in the 1st of Henry VI. Then is Eldenese lane,
which stretcheth north to the high street of Newgate market; the same
is now called Warwicke lane, of an ancient house there built by an Earl
of Warwicke, and was since called Warwicke inn. It is in record called
a messuage in Eldenese lane, in the parish of St. Sepulchre, the 28th
of Henry the VI. Cicille Duchess of Warwicke possessed it. Now again
from the conduit by Paule’s gate on the north side is a large street
running west to Newgate, the first part whereof, from the conduit to
the shambles, is of selling bladders there, called Bladder street.
Then behind the butchers’ shops be now divers slaughter houses inward,
and tippling houses outward. This is called Mountgodard street of the
tippling houses there, and the goddards mounting from the tap to the
table, from the table to the mouth, and sometimes over the head. This
street goeth up to the north end of Ivie lane.
Before this Mountgodard street stall boards were of old time set up by
the butchers to show and sell their flesh meat upon, over the which
stallboards they first built sheds to keep off the weather; but since
that, encroaching by little and little, they have made their stallboards
and sheds fair houses, meet for the principal shambles. Next is Newgate
market, first of corn and meal, and then of other victuals, which
stretcheth almost to Eldenese lane. A fair, new, and strong frame of
timber, covered with lead, was therefore set up at the charges of the
city, near to the west corner of St. Nicholas’ shambles, for the meal to
be weighed, in the 1st of Edward VI., Sir John Gresham being then mayor.
On this side the north corner of Eldenese lane stood sometime a proper
parish church of St. Ewine, as is before said, given by Henry VIII.,
towards the erecting of Christ’s church; it was taken down, and in place
thereof a fair strong frame of timber erected, wherein dwell men of
divers trades. And from this frame to Newgate is all of this ward, and
so an end thereof.
It hath an alderman, his deputy, common council twelve, constables
seventeen, scavengers eighteen, wardmote inquest eighteen, and a beadle.
And is taxed to the fifteen fifty pounds.[247]
FOOTNOTES:
[232] The word _clove_ is from the Anglo-Saxon _Clifian_ (the low German
_Klöven_, and Dutch _Klooven_), to split, or _clufe_, an ear of corn
or _clove_ of garlic. In this case the flower is the common Stock,
or Stock Gilliflower, so long a favourite in the gardens of England,
and indeed a native of the cliffs by the sea-side. “The old English
name of Gilliflower,” says the author of the _Flora Domestica_, “which
is now almost lost in the prefix Stock, is corrupted from the French
_Giroflier_. Chaucer writes it _Gylofre_; but, by associating it with
the nutmeg and other spices, appears to mean the clove-tree, which is in
fact the proper signification of that word. Turner calls it _Gelover_
and _Gelyflower_, Gerrarde and Parkinson _Gilloflower_.”
[233] The Anglo-Saxon _Gærsuma_--treasure, riches, fine, etc.
[234] “John Palmer.”--_1st edition_, p. 252.
[235] “John Standelfe and John Standelfe.”--_1st edition_, p. 253.
[236] “The maior and communalty of London, parsons of Christ’s church,
the vicar to be at their appointment.”--_Stow._
[237] “Treasurer of England.”--_1st edition_, p. 258.
[238] “And father to Edward Lord Mountjoy; James Blunt, knighte, son to
Walter Blunt, captain of Gwynes, 1492.”--_Ibid._
[239] In the first edition, Sir Nicholas Twiford is described as having
a monument in the church.
[240] Lydgate’s verses were first printed at the end of Tottell’s
edition of the translation of his _Fall of Princes_, from Boccaccio,
1554, folio, and afterwards in Sir W. Dugdale’s _History of St. Paul’s
Cathedral_.
[241] Reign Wolfe.
[242] “Born in London, and son to Henry Collet.”--_1st edition_, p. 267.
[243] “And brought to the hands of Edmond Grendall, then Bishop of
London.”--_1st edition_, p. 269.
[244] W. Paston.
[245] “Was first builded about the reigne of Edward III. Thomas Newton,
the first parson there, was buried in the quire, the year 1361, which
was the 35th of Edward the Thirde.”--_1st edition_, p. 277.
[246] “Prebend almes houses.”--_1st edition_, p. 277.
BREAD STREET WARD
Bred street ward beginneth in the high street of West Cheape, to wit,
on the south side from the standard to the great cross. Then is also a
part of Watheling street of this ward, to wit, from over against the
Lion on the north side up almost to Paule’s gate, for it lacketh but one
house of St. Augustine’s church. And on the south side, from the Red
Lion gate to the Old Exchange, and down the same exchange on the east
side by the west end of Mayden lane, or Distar lane, to Knightriders
street, or, as they call that part thereof, Old Fish street. And all the
north side of the said Old Fish street to the south end of Bread street,
and by that still in Knightriders street till over against the Trinity
church and Trinity lane. Then is Bread street itself, so called of bread
in old time there sold; for it appeareth by records, that in the year
1302, which was the 30th of Edward I., the bakers of London were bound
to sell no bread in their shops or houses, but in the market, and that
they should have four hallmotes in the year, at four several terms, to
determine of enormities belonging to the said company.
This street giving the name to the whole ward, beginneth in West Cheap,
almost by the Standard, and runneth down south through or thwart
Watheling street to Knightriders street aforesaid, where it endeth. This
Bread street is wholly on both sides of this ward. Out of the which
street, on the east side, is Basing lane, a piece whereof, to wit, to
and over against the back gate of the Red Lion in Watheling street, is
of this Bread street ward.
Then is Fryday street beginning also in West Cheap, and runneth down
south through Watheling street to Knightriders street, or Old Fish
street. This Friday street is of Bread street ward on the east side from
over against the north-east corner of St. Matthew’s church, and on the
west side from the south corner of the said church, down as aforesaid.
In this Fryday street, on the west side thereof, is a lane, commonly
called Mayden lane, or Distaffe lane, corruptly for Distar lane, which
runneth west into the Old Exchange; and in this lane is also one other
lane, on the south side thereof, likewise called Distar lane, which
runneth down to Knightriders street, or Old Fish street; and so be the
bounds of this whole ward.
Monuments to be noted here, first at Bread street corner, the north-east
end, 1595, of Thomas Tomlinson, causing in the high street of Cheape a
vault to be digged and made, there was found, at fifteen feet deep, a
fair pavement like unto that above ground, and at the further end at
the channel was found a tree sawed into five steps, which was to step
over some brook running out of the west towards Walbrooke; and upon the
edge of the said brook, as it seemeth, there were found lying along
the bodies of two great trees, the ends whereof were then sawed off,
and firm timber as at the first when they fell, part of the said trees
remain yet in the ground undigged. It was all forced ground until they
went past the trees aforesaid, which was about seventeen feet deep or
better; thus much hath the ground of this city in that place been raised
from the main.
Next to be noted, the most beautiful frame of fair houses and shops that
be within the walls of London, or elsewhere in England, commonly called
Goldsmith’s row, betwixt Bread street end and the cross in Cheape,
but is within this Bread street ward; the same was built by Thomas
Wood, goldsmith, one of the sheriffs of London, in the year 1491. It
containeth in number ten fair dwelling-houses and fourteen shops, all
in one frame, uniformly built four stories high, beautified towards the
street with the Goldsmiths’ arms and the likeness of woodmen, in memory
of his name, riding on monstrous beasts, all which is cast in lead,
richly painted over and gilt: these he gave to the Goldsmiths, with
stocks of money, to be lent to young men having those shops, etc. This
said front was again new painted and gilt over in the year 1594; Sir
Richard Martin being then mayor, and keeping his mayoralty in one of
them, serving out the time of Cuthbert Buckle in that office from the
2nd of July till the 28th of October.
Then for Watheling street, which Leyland called Atheling or Noble
street; but since he showeth no reason why, I rather take it to be so
named of the great highway of the same calling. True it is, that at
this present the inhabitants thereof are wealthy drapers, retailers of
woollen cloths, both broad and narrow, of all sorts, more than in any
one street of this city.
Of the Old Exchange, I have noted in Faringdon ward; wherefore I pass
down to Knightriders street, whereof I have also spoken in Cordwainers
street ward; but in this part of the said Knightriders street is a fish
market kept, and therefore called Old Fish street for a difference from
New Fish street.
In this Old Fish street is one row of small houses, placed along in
the midst of Knightriders street, which row is also of Bread street
ward: these houses, now possessed by fishmongers, were at the first but
moveable boards (or stalls), set out on market-days, to show their fish
there to be sold; but procuring license to set up sheds, they grew to
shops, and by little and little to tall houses, of three or four stories
in height, and now are called Fish street. Walter Turke, fishmonger,
mayor 1349, had two shops in Old Fish street, over against St. Nicholas
church; the one rented five shillings the year, the other four shillings.
Bread street, so called of bread sold there (as I said), is now wholly
inhabited by rich merchants; and divers fair inns be there, for good
receipt of carriers and other travellers to the city.
On the east side of this street, at the corner of Watheling street,
is the proper church of Alhallowes in Bread street, wherein are the
monuments--of James Thame, goldsmith; John Walpole, goldsmith, 1349;
Thomas Beamount, alderman, one of the sheriffs 1442; Robert Basset,
salter, mayor 1476; Sir Richard Chaury, salter, mayor 1509; Sir Thomas
Pargitar, salter, mayor 1530; Henry Sucley, merchant-tailor, one of
the sheriffs 1541; Richard Reade, alderman, that served and was taken
prisoner in Scotland, 1542; Robert House, one of the sheriffs 1589;
William Albany, Richard May, and Roger Abde, merchant-tailors.
In the 23rd of Henry VIII., the 17th of August, two priests of this
church fell at variance, that the one drew blood of the other; wherefore
the same church was suspended, and no service sung or said therein for
the space of one month after: the priests were committed to prison,
and the 15th of October, being enjoined penance, went before a general
procession, bare-headed, bare-footed, and bare-legged, before the
children, with beads and books in their hands, from Paules, through
Cheape, Cornehill, etc.
More to be noted of this church, which had sometime a fair spired
steeple of stone. In the year 1559, the 5th of September, about mid-day,
fell a great tempest of lightning, with a terrible clap of thunder,
which struck the said spire about nine or ten feet beneath the top; out
of the which place fell a stone that slew a dog, and overthrew a man
that was playing with the dog. The same spire being but little damnified
thereby, was shortly after taken down, for sparing the charges of
reparation.
On the same side is Salters’ hall, with six alms houses in number, built
for poor decayed brethren of that company. This hall was burnt in the
year 1539, and again re-edified.