LUCERE; FULGERE; SPLENDERE; NITERE; RENIDERE; CORUSCARE; MICARE;
RADIARE. 1. +Lucere+, +fulgere+, +splendere+, +nitere+, denote a steady
and continued brightness; +fulgere+ (#phlogein#) through a glaring
light, or a dazzling fiery color, like #phlegô#, +lucere+ (from
#leukos#) through a beneficial light, and a soft fiery color, like
#phainô#, #phengô#; +splendere+ (from #phalanthos#) as the consequence
of a clear and pure light, in opp. to _sordere_; Cic. Sext. 28. Sen. Ep.
5. Martial, Ep. ii. 36. Tac. A. i. 84. Suet. Aug. 35; like #lampô#;
+nitere+ (from #nizô#) as the consequence of humidity, oiling or
washing, to glisten, in opp. to _squalere_. Cic. Fin. iv. 3. Orat. 32.
Sen. Q. N. i. 17. Quintil. ii. 5, 23; like #stilbô#. 2. Whereas
+coruscare+, +micare+, +radiare+, mean an unsteady, tremulous light;
+coruscare+ (from #korussô#) to shine like forked lightning; +micare+,
to sparkle, like metal placed in the sun; +radiare+, to beam, like the
shooting rays of the sun. Cic. Cat. ii. 3. qui _nitent_ unguentis, qui
_fulgent_ purpura. Auct. ad Herenn. iv. 33. Tantus erat in armis
_splendor_, ut solis _fulgor_ obscurior videretur. Plin. H. N.
xxxvii. 2. _Splendor_ murrhinis sine viribus: _nitor_que verius quam
_splendor_; for _splendor_ denotes brightness, with regard to its
intensity; _nitor_, with regard to its beauty. Auct. ad Herenn. iv. 50.
Gemmæ _nitore_ et auri _splendore_: hence, figuratively, +splendor+
denotes pomp; +nitor+, only neatness. (ii. 76.)
LUCERNA, see _Candela_.
LUCRUM; EMOLUMENTUM; QUÆSTUS; COMPENDIUM. +Lucrum+ and +emolumentum+
denote gain, in any condition of life; +lucrum+ (from lucar, locare,)
gain deserved and earned by one's self, in opp. to _damnum_; Cic. Fin.
v. 30, etc.; like #kerdos#; +emolumentum+ (from molere) gain falling to
one's share without any exertion of one's own, in opp. to _detrimentum_;
Cic. Fin. i. 16, like #ôphelêma#; whereas +quæstus+ and +compendium+
denote gain in the course of trade; +quæstus+, rather the steadily
continued gains of a regular occupation, _earnings_, in opp. to
_sumptus_; Cic. Parad. vi. 3. Hor. Sat. i. 2. 19, like #chrêmatismos#;
+compendium+, more a single gain of considerable amount, in opp. to
_dispendium_. (v. 257.)
LUCTUS, see _Dolor_.
LUCULENTUS; ILLUSTRIS. +Luculentus+ means, what may be seen, and need
not shun the light, synonymously with _probabilis_; whereas +illustris+
(from #leussô#) what makes itself seen, attracts the eye, and spreads
its rays, synonymously with _excellens_. Hence _luculentus_ never
implies emphatic praise. Cic. Off. iii. 14, 60. Hoc quidem satis
_luculente_, that is, it is probable enough. And Fin. ii. 5, 15. Cum
Græce ut videor _luculenter_ sciam, without presumption; just like, sic
satis. (ii. 84.)
LUCUS, see _Silva_.
LUDIO, see _Actor_.
LUDUS; SCHOLA. +Ludus+ is a lower school for boys, who are compelled to
learn; +schola+, a higher school for youths and men, who wish to learn.
+Ludus+ supposes _discipulos_, _ludi-magistrum_, and school-discipline;
+schola+ supposes _auditores_, _doctorem_, and academical regulations.
(vi. 203.)
LUDUS; LUSUS; LUDICRUM; JOCUS. 1. +Ludus+ (from #loidoros#) denotes play
in an objective sense, inasmuch as it is at hand for a man's
entertainment; whereas +lusus+, in a subjective sense, inasmuch as a man
carries it on and produces it himself; further, +ludus+ denotes play, as
a means of recreation, in opp. to exertion; +lusus+, as a childish,
useless pastime, in opp. to real business. Plin. Ep. ix. 33. 3. Pueri
quos otium _ludus_que sollicitat: comp. with ix. 25. _Lusus_ et ineptias
nostras legis. Or, Cic. Flacc. 5, 12. Græci quibus jusjurandum _jocus_
est, testimonium _ludus_; that is, to whom it is a mere trifle to bear
false witness; compare with Sen. Contr. i. 2. Piratas . . . quibus omne
fas nefasque _lusus_ est; that is, to whom the distinction between right
and wrong is a mere sporting with words. 2. The plur. +ludi+ assumes the
special meaning of public spectacles, and in this sense has a singular
peculiar to itself in the word _ludicrum_. 3. +Ludus+ and +lusus+ have
more a negative character, as mere pastimes and amusements, as a guard
against ennui; whereas +jocus+ more a positive character, as an
utterance of humor and wit. The _ludens_ wishes merely to be free from
exertion, to do nothing serious, and to amuse himself; the _jocans_ will
be as active at the command of mirth, as others at the command of
seriousness. (ii. 33.)
LUES; CONTAGIUM; PESTILENTIA; PESTIS; PERNICIES; EXITIUM; INTERITUS;
EXITUS. 1. +Lues+ (from #loimos#) denotes epidemic disease, as
proceeding from an impure morbid matter; +contagium+ (from contingere?
or #katatêkein#?) as contagious; +pestilentia+, as a disease reigning in
the land, and especially as a pestilence. Sall. Cat. 10. Post ubi
_contagia_ quasi _pestilentia_ invasit. Plin. H. N. xxiii. 28. Laurus
folia _pestilentiæ contagia_ prohibent. Lucan. vi. 86. Fluidæ _contagia_
pestis. 2. +Pestis+ is used for pestilence itself only by the poets;
otherwise it denotes, like _exitium_ and _pernicies_ (from necare), that
which destroys in general, without reference to disease; but +pestis+
is, according to rule, used as a concrete, +exitium+ and +pernicies+ as
abstract terms. Sen. N. Q. iii. pr. Philippi aut Alexandri . . . . qui
_exitio_ gentium clari non minores fuere _pestes_ mortalium quam
inundatio. 3. +Pernicies+ has an active meaning, and denotes the
destruction of a living being by murder; whereas +exitium+ has a passive
meaning, and denotes the destruction even of lifeless objects by
annihilation; lastly, +interitus+ has, like _exitus_, a neutral meaning,
the destruction of living or lifeless objects by decay. Tac. Ann.
xiv. 65. Poppæa non nisi in _perniciem_ uxoris nupta; postremo crimen
omni _exitio_ gravius: and ii. 68. Cic. Cat. iv. 3. Cum de _pernicie_
populi Romani, _exitio_ hujus urbis cogitarit. Rull. ii. 4, 10. Extremi
_exitiorum exitus_. 4. +Exitium+ is a violent, +exitus+ a natural end.
Cic. Rull. ii. 4, 10. Qui civitatum afflictarum perditis jam rebus
extremi _exitiorum_ solent esse _exitus_, is, as it were, the last
breath of a state that is being destroyed; like Verr. v. 6, 12 _Exitus_
exitiales. (ii. 62. iii. 176.)
LUMEN; LUX. +Lumen+ (#leussomenon#) is a luminous body, like #phengos#;
+lux+ (#leukê#) a streaming mass of light, like #phaos#. Cic. Fin.
iii. 14, 45. Ut obscuratur et offunditur _luce_ solis _lumen_ lucernæ.
Curt. viii. 2, 21. Sed aditus specus accipit _lucem_; interiora nisi
allato _lumine_ obscura sunt. Cic. Acad. iv. 8, 28. Si ista vera sunt,
ratio omnis tollitur quasi quædam _lux lumen_que vitæ; that is, reason
alone is in itself bright and light, and at the same time spreads
brightness and light over life. Also, in a figurative sense, +lumen+
denotes distinction, +lux+ only clearness. Cicero (Man. 5.) calls
Corinth, Græciæ totius _lumen_, but Rome (Catil. iv. 6.) _Lucem_ orbis
terrarum; Corinth is compared to a glimmering point of light; Rome is
distinguished as that city in comparison with which all other cities lie
in darkness. (ii. 66.)
LURIDUS, see _Luteus_.
LUSTRUM, see _Lacuna_.
LUSUS, see _Ludus_.
LUTEUS; GILVUS; HELVUS; FLAVUS; LURIDUS. +Luteus+ (from #lôtos#) denotes
a decided yellow, as the yolk of an egg; +gilvus+, (#aglaos#) and
+helvus+, a fainter reddish yellow, like that of honey; +flavus+ and
+luridus+, a lighter whitish yellow; +flavus+ (from #phleuô#) a glossy
beautiful yellow, like that of light auburn hair; +luridus+ (from
#chlôros#) a wan unpleasant yellowishness, like that of pale death.
LUTUM; LIMUS; COENUM; SORDES; SQUALOR; PÆDOR; SITUS; STERCUS; FIMUS;
OLETUM; MERDA. 1. +Lutum+, +limus+, +coenum+, all denote impurity, as a
substance, and as of a wet sort; +lutum+ (from #luthron#) is the dirt of
the streets or roads, like #pêlos#; +limus+ (#leibomenos#) the mud of a
river, like #ilus#; +coenum+ (from cunire) the mire of a moor or morass,
like #borboros#. Tac. Ann. i. 63. Cætera _limosa_, tenacia gravi _coeno_
aut rivis incerta erant; whereas +sordes+, +squalor+, +poedor+, +situs+,
denote impurities as a form, and of a dry sort; +sodes+ (from #arda#) in
opp. to _splendor_, through indigence, or niggardliness and vulgarity,
for example, clothes dirty from long wear, like #rhupos#; +squalor+
(from #skellô#) in opp. to _nitor_, through want of civilized habits,
and of delicacy in the senses, for example uncombed hair, like
#auchmos#; +pædor+ (from #psoithos#) in opp. to _munditiæ_, through
neglect of the person, for example, through _pædiculos_, vermin, itch,
etc., like #pinos#; +situs+ (#asis#) in opp. to _usus_, in consequence
of long disuse, for example, through mould, rust, etc., like #azê#.
Hence the different forms of the adjectives lutosus, limosus, coenosus,
that is, full of lutum, etc.; and of sordidus, squalidus, pædidus, that
is, resembling sordes, etc., and in circumlocution, _oblitus luto_,
_limo_, _coeno_, but _obsitus_, _sordibus_, _squalore_, _pædore_.
2. +Stercus+ (from #targanon#) denotes in dung its disgusting sense, as
filth, like #kopros#; whereas +fimus+ (opimus?) in its useful sense, as
manure. 3. For offensive excrements +coenum+ is the most general;
+oletum+ denotes human; +merda+ (#minthos#) animal excrements.
LUX, see _Lumen_.
LUXUS; LUXURIA. +Luxus+ denotes luxury as an act or as a condition, and
sometimes even objectively, as an object of luxury; whereas +luxuria+,
always subjectively, as a propensity and disposition, as the
desiderative of _luxus_. Sen. Ir. i. 11. Animis delicias, _luxus_, opes
ignorantibus: and further on; Opinionem _luxuriæ_ segnitiæque. Sall.
Cat. 13. Romani famem aut sitim . . . . _luxu_ antecapere; that is, by
the arts of luxury: compare with Jug. 90. _Luxuria_ atque ignavia
pessimæ artes: that is, as proceeding from voluptuousness. (ii. 23.)
LYMPHATUS, see _Amens_.