1. =68=Court of inquiry, Puebla, July 17. =221=Hill, diary, Nov. 8.
=69=Hughes to Capt. Scott, Jan. 8, 1848. Grone, Briefe, 33, 37, etc.
=61=Lally to Wilson, Aug. 11, 26. =61=Briscoe, report, Mar. 1, 1848.
=65=Scott, gen. orders 250, 1847; 45, 1848. Lerdo de Tejada, Apuntes,
ii, 579, 582. _Delta_, Oct. 1, 5, 1847. Kenly, Md. Vol., 304-8, 318.
Apuntes, 386-7. =234=McDaniel to Johnson, Jan. 28, 1848. Ho. 60; 30,
1, pp. 1068 (Marshall); 1069 (Miles); 1082 (Scott). _Niles_, Sept.
18, 1847, p. 35; Oct. 16, p. 103. =291=Pierce, diary. =291=Bonham to
Pierce, July 27. =61=Cadwalader to Wilson, June 13. =287=Parrish,
diary. =76=Soto, June 10, 14; July 19. =76=Mendoza to Soto, June 16.
=178=Davis, diary. _Diario_, June 23. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 482 (Lally);
488 (Sears); 489 (Ridgely); 491-5; app., 4, 13, 16 (McIntosh); 18
(Cadwalader); 21 (Wynkoop); 23 (Walker); 25 (Pierce). Roa Bárcena,
Rec., 252, 254, 262. Oswandel, Notes, 381. June 6 McIntosh lost six
killed, fifteen wounded.
For McIntosh and Pierce see chap. xxiv, pp. 76-7. McIntosh left Vera
Cruz June 4 with 132 wagons, about 500 pack-mules, 170 dragoons, 100
dismounted dragoons and about 450 infantry. The wagon horses were weak
mustangs; the mules unbroken and vicious; the teamsters Mexicans,
mostly new to the business. The wagons became too much separated. The
dragoons acted imprudently. A court of inquiry exonerated McIntosh.
The guerillas destroyed the fine bridge at Plan del Río in the hope of
stopping Cadwalader, who marched from Vera Cruz to reinforce McIntosh.
Lally had two companies of the Fourth Infantry, two of the Fifth, one
of the Eleventh, three of the Twelfth, one of the Fifteenth, two of the
Voltigeurs and one of Louisiana horse. The "missing" numbered twelve.
He admitted that at the national bridge only his artillery gave him the
victory. Lally had been appointed from civil life, and, though military
in appearance, did not understand his present business (Grone, Briefe,
46-8). Hearing at Perote that Lally had been repulsed, Colonel Wynkoop
with two companies of infantry and one of cavalry marched to Jalapa in
thirty-six hours. Naturally the Americans greatly overestimated the
numbers of the guerillas they were fighting. In November, 1847, the
guerillas operated so near Vera Cruz that the farmers would not bring
milk and vegetables to the city unless escorted. January 3, 1848,
Lieut. Col. Miles left Vergara with some 500 wagons and a large number
of pack-mules. He had 1300 troops, but only 150 of them were cavalry.
The train extended at least nine miles. In spite of unusual precautions
250-300 of the pack-mules were captured near Santa Fe. Most of the
goods thus lost belonged to Mexican merchants. In February, 1848, a
party under Lieut. Col. Briscoe was attacked on its way to Orizaba. A
number of other encounters are mentioned by Mexicans.
29.8. Oswandel, Notes, 156, 215-6, 365, 382. =13=Giffard, nos. 19, May
30; 37, Oct. 20, 1847. =13=Doyle, no. 1, Jan. 13, 1848. =61=Hughes to
[Wilson], Sept. 13. =65=Scott, gen. orders 127, Apr. 29; 372, Dec. 12,
1847. Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 174, 186, 194, 196. =128=_Id._, diary.
=12=Pell to Lambert, Nov. 30. Zirckel, Tagebuch, 50, 53, 61-2. _Correo
Nacional_, Dec. 21. Henshaw narrative. Grone, Briefe, 37-61. =61=Twiggs
to Marcy, Mar. 1, 1848. Hitchcock, Fifty Years, 310. Scott, Mems., ii,
575. Lerdo de Tejada, Apuntes, ii, 579, 582. =152=Claiborne, mems. Sen.
52; 30, 1, p. 138 (Marcy). _Delta_, Dec. 23. Apuntes, 386. =62=Adj.
gen. to Wilson, Aug. 12. Moore, Scott's Camp., 72. Ramírez, México,
241-3, 260. _Fraser's Mag._, xxxviii, 91-6. =76=J. G. Terán, May 17.
Stevens, Stevens, i, 134. Vera Cruz _Eagle_, May 29. =61=Wilson to adj.
gen., June 7. =159=Collins papers. Polk, Diary, July 16. =76=Soto, July
23; Aug. 11. Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 60-1. _Flag of Freedom_, i,
no. 4. =305=Richardson, recolls.
It was a common practice of these guerillas to mutilate wounded
Americans. The lasso was one of their weapons. Their rule was to take
no prisoners. After Scott had to abandon his communications with Vera
Cruz, the government felt extremely anxious to have the line re-opened
and kept open. August 12, 1847, the commander at Vera Cruz was assured
that this was "of the first importance," and troops were sent to him
expressly for the purpose. The volunteers in general, personally brave
and enterprising, did good service against the guerillas (Stevens,
Stevens, i, 134); but as the latter almost always had horses, there
was a particular need of cavalry on our side. About the first of July,
1847, the governors of Illinois and Georgia were called upon for two
and five companies respectively of mounted men to help keep this line
open. Polk himself selected Hays's regiment (Diary, July 16). Walker,
though stern with the guerillas, would not permit his men to pillage.
Rebolledo was betrayed, and was taken by Mexican counter-guerillas
in November, 1847; but he was defended by an American named Kennedy,
who resided at Jalapa, and was merely imprisoned. Jarauta was shot in
July, 1848, for revolutionary activities. Marcy wrote to Scott that the
guerilla system was "hardly recognized as a legitimate mode of warfare,
and should be met with the utmost allowable severity" (Sen. 52; 30, 1,
p. 138), and ordered him to destroy the rendezvous of the guerillas.
The guerillas failed completely to affect the general course of the
war, as they were expected to do, but even as late as March, 1848, the
road from Vera Cruz to Jalapa was safe for large parties only. Hays's
Rangers seemed to aim to dress as outlandishly as possible, and with
their huge beards looked almost like savages. The officers were like
the men in looks and costume. The horses were of all sizes and colors.
For arms each had a rifle, a pair of pistols and one or two Colt's
five-shooters (Hitchcock, Fifty Years, 310; Brackett, Lane's Brigade,
174). Hays's usual order for attack was to point at the enemy and
shout, "Give 'em hell!" (Zirckel, Tagebuch, 11).
29.9. =128=Brackett, diary. Tributo á la Verdad, 58. Grone, Briefe,
33. =61=Childs, Jan. 13, 1848. (Hostilities) =47=Perry, Nov. 2, 1847.
=76=Mendoza to Soto, June 16, 1847. =47=Private letter (Mexican),
Orizaba, [Sept., 1847]. =307=Roberts, diary. _Porvenir_, May 27.
_Picayune_, May 6. =76=Acuerdo, July 30. =76=Mora, Apr. 23, 1847.
=76=Relaciones to Guerra, Aug. 26. =76=Soto, Sept. 12. =86=Llorea
to Soto, June 12. =76=Marín to Soto, Sept. 22, 25. =73=Bermúdez de
Castro, no. 517, 1847. _Diario_, June 11. =214=Hays and Caperton, Hays.
=257=[Hughes] to Frank, Dec. 16. México á través, iv, 662.
29.10. =128=Brackett, diary. =80=Méx. legislature, address, Apr. 26,
1847; decree, May 31. =61=Childs, Jan. 13, 1848. _Flag of Freedom_,
i, no. 3. Gamboa, Impug., 66. Bustamante, Nuevo Bernal, ii, 53, 215.
Apuntes, 386. _Nacional_, Dec. 18. S. Anna, Apelación, 29. =82=Puebla
state treas. to secy., May 10. And from =76= the following. Bravo, May
22, 1847. Guerra, circular, May 4. Lists of guerilla patents issued.
Gov. Oaxaca, proclam., Jan. 25, 1848. Peña y Barragán, Nov. 24, 1847.
To Torrejón, Dec. 28. Rea to Peña y Barragán, Nov. 26; to Guerra,
Nov. 14. Rules of Rea's officers. Alvarez, June 16. Rea said he had
commanded regulars. He treated some captured Americans with much
civility.
29.11. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 385 (Scott); 471 (Childs); app., 33 (Gwynn);
34 (Morehead). =13=Thornton, no. 5, Oct. 29, 1847. _National_, Nov. 14.
Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 113, 117, 131. =356=Whitcomb, diary. Zirckel,
Tagebuch, 102. =95=Puebla ayunt., proceedings, Aug. 31. =65=Scott, gen.
orders 246, Aug. 5. =66=J. L. Smith to H. L. Scott, July 13. Scott,
Mems., ii, 550. _Flag of Freedom_, i, nos. 1, 5. Kitchen, Record,
63-9. Lawton, Artill. Off., 278. =270=Moore, diary. Oswandel, Notes,
248, 254, 259, 265, 268, 293. S. Anna, Mi Historia, 85. Negrete,
Invasión, iv, app., 313. S. Anna, Apelación, 60. Sen. 52; 30, 1, pp.
202, 206. México á través, iv, 699. =76=Comte. gen. Puebla, Sept. 18.
=76=Relaciones to Guerra, Dec. 11. Moore, Scott's Camp., 116, 214-6.
=73=Lozano, no. 9, 1847. =82=Puebla congress, decree, Aug. 12. Ramsey,
Other Side, 394-5. Smith, To Mexico, 171. Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 517.
S. Anna, Detall, 33, 35.
The cavalry were under Capt. Ford, the artillery under Capts. Kendrick
and Miller, and the infantry (six companies) under Lieut. Col. Black
(Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 471). Capt. Rowe, Ninth Infantry, commanded a
hospital that was persistently attacked. A considerable number of
the sick were able to do light duty. Some civilian employees helped.
Childs had authority from Scott to organize the convalescents into
companies and battalions (=65=Scott, gen. orders 246). Scott spoke of
the garrison as "competent" (Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 303), and no doubt it
was as nearly equal to the dangers that appeared to threaten it as was
the army that advanced from Puebla. But the garrison was weaker than
Scott had intended it to be, for many convalescents had represented
themselves as well. Four Pennsylvania companies, Ford's company and
Miller's company held S. José, which was a poor building for the
purpose and badly placed. Guadalupe was occupied as a protection to
Loreto.
Guerillas entered Puebla Aug. 12. Childs at once gave notice to the
prefect that, should the people attempt to overpower the garrison,
"the City would probably suffer" from his artillery (=69=Aug. 12). The
first attack upon the Americans gave the guerillas about 700 mules
and some other property. The next day some fifty armed teamsters and
others went against the guerillas, and only fifteen of them returned.
The authorities of the city were disgusted with the operations of
the guerillas. About the first of September, by order of the state
congress, the National Guards moved to help recover the city from
the Americans, but the orders given them seemed to show little
determination to coöperate with Rea or fight in earnest, and hence
many became disheartened and deserted (=82=Ochoterena). Typhoid fever
broke out among the American sick and carried off many (Moore, Scott's
Camps., 218). News of the capture of Mexico was brought in by a courier
disguised as a lépero. S. Cristóbal was on the road from Mexico to
Puebla _via_ Apam, which Santa Anna chose to take. Alvarez went _via_
S. Martin.
29.12. Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 471 (Childs); app., 28 (Black); 34 (Morehead).
Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1029 (S. Anna); 1030 (Childs). Ramsey, Other Side,
396. Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 113, 117. Moore, Scott's Camp., 218,
223-4. Rodríguez, Breve Reseña, 1848. =95=Puebla prefect to ayunt.,
Sept. 17. =95=Rea to prefect, Sept. 23. Negrete, Invasión, iv, app.,
314. _Flag of Freedom_, i, nos. 1, 5. =270=Moore, diary. =76=S. Anna to
Guerra, Sept. 23, 30. Gamboa, Impug., 60. S. Anna, Detall, 35-6.
29.13. Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 460; iv, app., 295. Hitchcock,
Fifty Years, 347. _Flag of Freedom_, i, no. 3. Lawton, Artill. Officer,
324. Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 71, 80, 101. =152=Claiborne, mems.
=76=Isunza to Relaciones, Oct. 12. =76=S. Anna, Sept. 30; Oct. 4.
México á través, iv, 699. =82=J. A. Ochotorena, Oct. --. =82=S. Anna to
gov. Puebla, Oct. 6. =82=P. M. Herrera to Puebla sec. state, Oct. 7.
=82=_Id._, diary. Zirckel, Tagebuch, 50, 53, 61-2. =61=Taylor, order,
Aug. 16. Apuntes, 347-8. =321=Smith, diary. =327=Sutherland to father,
undated. Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 477 (Lane). Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1030 (Lane);
1198 (Taylor). =246=Lane, Autobiog. Rosa, Impresiones. Semmes, Service,
234. Hartman, Journal, 14-5. Smith, To Mexico, 161. S. Anna, Detall,
36. Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 519.
From Perote, hearing that large Mexican forces were in his front, Lane
took four companies of the First Pennsylvania, Walker's company of
Mounted Riflemen, some convalescents and three guns under Taylor (Third
Artillery). Wynkoop of the First Pennsylvania commanded these men.
Before long they returned to Perote. Santa Anna reported that he took
from Puebla 3500 men. His worst trouble was with his Puebla National
Guards, who thought the expedition was a treasonable scheme of his to
get them away from Puebla. On finding his command melting away, he sent
all but about 1000 cavalry back to Puebla under Alvarez. From Puebla
Alvarez retired to Atlixco and thence to the south. Later he took
possession of Cuernavaca in the state of México.
29.14. _The Huamantla affair._ Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 1031 (Lane). Sen. 1;
30, 1, p. 477 (Lane). Apuntes, 348. Perry, Indiana, 234. ("Peg-Leg")
=166=Pommarès to Conner, Aug. 4, 1846. Norton, Life, 154, 157.
Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 88-94. =129=_Id._, diary. Zirckel, Tagebuch,
96-8, 155. _Flag of Freedom_, Oct. 23; 24, extra; 27. Negrete,
Invasión, iii, app., 460-3; iv, app., 315-6. _Correo Nacional_, Mar.
30, 1848. S. Anna, Apelación, 65. =222=Hiney, diary. Grone, Briefe,
65-7. =152=Claiborne, mems. Gamboa, Impug., 61. =147=Chamberlain,
diary. Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 519. S. Anna, Detall, 37. Besides losing
Walker, Lane had 23 men wounded (Ho. 24; 31, 1).
Lane was born in 1814. For a time he was a trader at Lawrenceburg,
Indiana; and then he studied law in the manner of that time and region.
He was not a man of much education. He meant thoroughly well in a
rough way, but was rather careless about discipline. His men realized
that he did not look out for their comfort or husband their strength,
but admired his courage, energy and shrewd planning so much that they
forgave him. He was called the Marion of the war.
To guard his baggage, etc., Lane left at the hacienda the Fourth Ohio
(Col. Brough), three regular companies under Capt. Simmons, and Lieut.
Pratt (Second Art.) with two guns. Walker had his own company of
Mounted Riflemen, two companies of Louisiana cavalry, and one company
of Georgia cavalry (Brackett, Lane's Brig., 89). Lane had, in the
following order, the Fourth Indiana (Col. Gorman), four Pennsylvania
companies (Col. Wynkoop), five guns (Capt. Taylor), a battalion of
the Ninth Infantry (Maj. Lally) and six companies of regulars (Capt.
Heintzelman). Santa Anna, hearing that a few Americans were on their
way to Huamantla, sent a party of Puebla mounted police to protect the
town. Evidently this was the party that Walker saw approaching it.
Much was written about this fight. It was said that Walker was ordered
not to advance beyond supporting distance; that he was authorized
to act according to circumstances; that he dashed ahead because he
received word that the Mexican guns were being taken away, etc.; but
Lane reported that he ordered Walker to move ahead ("within supporting
distance") and, should the Mexicans be found in force, to wait for the
infantry (Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 477). He reached the town about forty-five
minutes before the infantry did. Santa Anna was repulsed by the Fourth
Indiana. In spite of Lane, much plundering was done by the victors, in
whose defence it was urged that citizens fired from the houses. Though
Walker captured two guns, he had no priming tubes, and therefore could
make little, if any, use of them. Lane's loss was about twenty-five
killed and wounded. Santa Anna reported two killed, seven wounded, and
a number missing, but his loss was estimated by Americans at 100.
29.15. Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 108. =356=Whitcomb, diary. Perry,
Indiana, 253. Zirckel, Tagebuch, 103. =76=Scott to Childs, Sept. 16.
Negrete Invasión, iii, app., 460. Hitchcock, Fifty Years, 347. _Flag
of Freedom_, i, no. 5. Oswandel, Notes, 339-41. =76=Alvarez, Oct. 13.
=76=Rea to Alvarez, Oct. 13. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 471 (Childs); 476
(Lane). ("Rough paw") =335=Trist to wife, Mar. 14, 1848.
Santa Anna overtook Lane at El Pinal, but admitted that the Americans
marched so cautiously that he could accomplish nothing. The loss of the
garrison, Sept. 13 to Oct. 12, was fifteen killed, thirty-seven wounded
(Ho. 24; 31, 1). The loss of the Mexicans was estimated by Americans at
300-500.
29.16. Diccionario Universal (_Atlixco_). México á través, iv, 662,
702. Calderón, Life, ii, 93. Zirckel, Tagebuch, 112. =76=G. Rodríguez,
Oct. 14. =76=Rea, Oct. 24. =356=Whitcomb, diary. Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 479
(Lane).
29.17. Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 479 (Lane). Ho. 1; 30, 2, pp. 75-6 (Marcy,
report). Grone, Briefe, 69. Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 522-3. Brackett,
Lane's Brigade, 146, 149-51, 164. Zirckel, Tagebuch, 110-3. _Flag
of Freedom_, i, nos. 1, 3. =76=Alvarez, Dec. 14. =76=Rea, Oct. 24,
1847; Feb. 10, 1848. =76=Memo. to head of plana mayor, Feb. 19, 1848.
=61=Dumont to Lane, Nov. 15. =307=Roberts to Iowa State Hist. Soc.,
Dec. 14, 1863.
Lane had the Fourth Ohio, Fourth Indiana, Lally's and Heintzelman's
battalions, Wynkoop's four Pennsylvania companies, Taylor's (3) and
Pratt's (2) guns, and a squadron of the Third Dragoons (Capt. Ford) on
the Atlixco expedition. When he entered the town the city authorities
met him, surrendered, and asked protection. Lane had one killed and one
wounded; the Mexicans admitted a loss of 219 killed and 300 wounded.
On his way back to Puebla Lane turned off with 450 men to Guexocingo
to capture two guns just made there. They had been removed, but he
destroyed the carriages (Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 481).
October 29-30 an expedition from Puebla visited Tlaxcala
(=356=Whitcomb, diary). November 9-10 at night Lane with a force of
dragoons went over this road again, and recovered twenty-one loaded
wagons that had been captured by guerillas, besides seven that they had
set afire as he approached. Thirteen Mexican officers and many horses
and cattle were taken. This time he had about 100 cavalry, 200 Indiana
and 200 Ohio men. He returned to Puebla in the night of Nov. 12-13
without having lost a man. In the evening of Nov. 22 he left Puebla
for Izucar de Matamoros with about 200 mounted men. In the morning he
surprised (=76=Arenal to Rea, Nov. 26) a body of Mexican irregulars,
causing considerable loss, captured three cannon (=76=Peña y Barragán,
Nov. 28) and much ammunition, and rescued a number of American
prisoners. On his return, Nov. 24-5, he was attacked by Rea, but again
triumphed (Ho. 1; 30, 2, p. 87). One or two Americans were killed and
several wounded. If Rea's report can be believed, the Americans greatly
exaggerated, as was natural, his numbers and losses (=76=to Peña y B.,
Nov. 26). In January, 1848, Lane with four companies of Texas Rangers,
two of the Third Dragoons and one of Mounted Riflemen was sent from
Mexico to clear the roads of guerillas (Ho. 1; 30, 2, p. 75). In the
course of his rapid march he almost succeeded in capturing Santa Anna,
then residing at Tehuacán. He finally proceeded to Orizaba and Córdoba,
captured public property, recovered stolen merchandise, and released
American prisoners (Ho. 1; 30, 2, pp. 89-95). February 17 he set out
from Mexico with 250 Rangers and 130 of the Third Dragoons against the
guerillas north and northeast of the capital (_ibid._, p. 76). February
25 he captured the town of Sequalteplán after a stiff skirmish, killing
a considerable number and taking some fifty prisoners. It was said that
Jarauta led the guerillas here. For Lane's operations subsequent to
the Atlixco expedition: Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 168, 174, 192, 205,
234-45. Whitcomb, diary. Zirckel, Tagebuch, 122-3. =61=Dumont to Lane,
Nov. 15. =76=S. Anna, Feb. 1, 1848. _Id._, Apelación, 65. _Amer. Home
Journal_, Aug., 1906. _Flag of Freedom_, i, no. 1. T. F. Davis, diary.
Claiborne, memoirs. =76=Puebla comte. gen., Nov. 28. =76=Rea to Peña
y Barragán, Nov. 26. Ho. 1; 30, 2, pp. 75-6 (Marcy, report), 86-103.
Mention should also be made of Capt. Ruff, who on July 30, 1847, with
eighty-two Mounted Riflemen attacked about 300 Mexicans (guerillas
and infantry) entrenched in houses and a church at S. Juan near Ojo
de Agua. With a loss of one man wounded, he killed or wounded about
seventy to ninety of the enemy, it was believed (=69=Porter to Mrs. P.,
July 31; Sen. 1; 30, 1, app., 25-6 (Smith); Smith, To Mexico, 187).
29.18. (Destruction, etc.) Sen. 52; 30, 1, pp. 205-6 (Trist);
Exposición dirigida. =52=Trist, no. 16, confid., Sept. 27, 1847.
Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 130-2, 134-6, 155-65, 421-6.
=13=Bankhead, no. 86, Sept. 28. Pacheco, Exposición. Colección de
Documentos, 4. S. Anna, Contestación al Oficio. México á través, iv,
700. =76=Rosa to Herrera, Sept. 29. =76=M. Ocampo to Herrera, Sept. 24.
=80=Méx. legislature, decree, Sept. 18. Rivera, Jalapa, iv, 74.
Real or at least additional reasons for the decree of Sept. 16 were
probably that Santa Anna intended to leave the country or desired to
let it try to get on without him. Rives (U. S. and Mexico, ii, 584)
denies that Peña was timid: but (1) Bankhead and Trist so described
him; and (2) his conduct in the negotiations with Slidell and with
Trist confirms their opinion. In the latter case all the strength of
his entourage was required to make him face the situation.
29.19. =76=Rosa to Herrera, Sept. 29. México á través, iv, 700. Gamboa,
Impug., 65. =52=Trist, nos. 16, confid., Sept. 27; 17, confid., Oct.
1; 18, Oct. 25. =52=_Id._ to Hetty Parker, Sept. 28. Colección de
Documentos, 110. =80=México legislature, decree, Sept. 23. =80=_Id._,
comtee. on constit. points, report, Sept. 18. =80=Olaguíbel to Méx.
legisl., Sept. 25. =80=Michoacán legislature, decree, Sept. 24. Roa
Bárcena, Recuerdos, 566. Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 155-61. (Toluca)
_Revue de Paris_, Dec., 1844; Encarnacion Prisoners, 75. =73=Lozano,
no. 9, 1847.
Peña admitted that it was impossible to fulfil the constitutional
requirements, but said it was a public duty to establish a government
as near them as was practicable (Colec. de Docs., 110). The legislature
of México state denounced Peña as representing the peace element, and
refused to recognize any federal authority except the Lagos Coalition;
but its decree was not favorably received by the public, and Olaguíbel
would not promulgate it.
29.20. =75=Circular del ... Peña ... á los Gobernadores, Sept. 27.
=75=Circulares del min. de relac., Sept. 27. =75=Peña, manifesto,
Oct. 13. =75=Rosa to prest. of Congress, Oct. 14. =52=Trist, no. 16,
confid., Sept. 27. Communicaciones habidas. _Correo Nacional_, Oct. 18.
Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 176, 408-11, 421-6, 469-83. S. Anna, Mi
Historia, 90. =6=Anderson papers. =76=Peña, circular, Nov. 16. =6=S.
Anna to J. M. Guerra, Oct. 25. _Id._, Contestación al Oficio. _Id._,
Comunicación Oficial. Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 385 (Scott). =75=S. Anna to
Congress, Nov. 1.
Scott assisted Peña by giving safe-conducts to several members of
Congress (Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 385). Santa Anna took the ground that he
was still legally responsible for the government of the country, and
therefore must be allowed to exercise the powers of a President. Nov.
1 he made this demand formally (Negrete, Invasión, iii, app., 469).
He also tried to create trouble for the new government by proclaiming
that his removal from the command of the army was intended to cause
his personal destruction or to pave the way for a disgraceful peace.
He further said he could not be placed on trial until Congress should
declare there were grounds for trying him. But he found he had no
prestige left. Rosa said to Santa Anna that his resignation of the
Presidency had been consummated by actually giving up the executive
power, and that, in view of public opinion, it would be impossible to
prove Peña's impartiality and maintain discipline in the army, unless
the conduct of the general defeated at Cerro Gordo and in the later
battles were officially inquired into (_ibid._, 421). In reply to
another letter from Santa Anna he said (Nov. 11) that Peña would not
discuss the resignation further, that his authority had been recognized
by all the states and by Congress, and that Congress admitted no right
on Santa Anna's part to resume the Presidency. In January, 1848, Rosa
issued a circular reproaching Santa Anna for his past political conduct.