=76=Guerra to Relaciones, Feb. 14. =76=Gov. Oaxaca to Relaciones, Dec.
27, 1847. =76=Milit. comte. Orizaba, Jan. 20, 1848. México á través,
iv, 699-700. Kenly, Md. Vol., 391-7. Sen. 52; 30, 1, pp. 205-6. =76=S.
Anna to Reyes, Oct. 16, 1847. _Correo Nacional_, Oct. 26, 1847; Apr.
4, 1848. =76=J. M. Miñón to Guerra, Oct. 20. Comunicaciones habidas.
=47=Perry, Nov. 3. _Eco del Comercio_, Apr. 6, 1848. Rivera, Jalapa,
iii, 927; iv, 8-9. _Monitor Repub._, Nov. 10, 1847. =179=Diario
Esactísimo, Sept. 15. Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 519-21, 532. =69=Thomas
to Twiggs, Mar. 6, 1848. =69=Seymour to Hughes, Mar. 27. =69=---- to
adj. gen. of the Amer. army, Mar. 29. =69=Hughes, safeguard to S. Anna,
family and attendants, Mar. 17. =69=Hughes to Twiggs, Mar. 15. S. Anna,
Detall, 37. =13=Doyle, nos. 29, 38, 1848.
Santa Anna's military reports had excited resentment because he had
been liberal with censures, particularly to relieve himself of blame.
Santa Anna was ordered to turn the command over to Rincón or
(temporarily) Alvarez. But he said that he did not know where Rincón
was, and that on account of the position of the Americans he could
not safely send his artillery to Alvarez. Reyes marched north. Santa
Anna then chose Tehuacán for a place of residence instead of going
nearer Guatemala, because he still had hopes of regaining power through
intrigue or revolution. His presence was not desired there by the
people, presumably because it endangered them. They made it difficult
for him to stay; and his friends, whose opinions he asked, now felt
that his remaining in the country would injure them. See also chap.
xxxii, p. 242. He sailed from La Antigua on or about April 4 in a
Spanish brig for Venezuela, it was understood, after expressing warm
appreciation of the treatment received at this time from the Americans
(=69=to Gutiérrez, Mar. 11, 1848). Some thought he had increased his
wealth since his return to Mexico.
29.22. Chief documents used. S. Anna, Apelación, app., 138-9. _Id._
Comunicación Oficial. Suárez y Navarro, Causas, 70-2. México á través,
iv, 700-1. Dublán, Legislación, v, 300-4, 307-14, 333-5. Apuntes,
339-40. Curtis, Buchanan, i, 590. Negrete, Invasión, iv, app., 399.
=335=Thornton to Trist, Dec. 5. =75=Anaya at meeting of govs., Nov. Roa
Bárcena, Recuerdos, 572. And from =76= the following. Director gen.
of artill., Dec. --, 1847. Suárez y Navarro, Nov. 9. J. de D. Peza,
Nov. 29. Sección de operaciones, Nov. --. J. M. Márquez to Mora, Nov.
29. Rincón, Jan. 8, 1848. Olaguíbel, Oct. 29; Dec. 24, 1847. _Id._ to
Alvarez, Oct. 23, 26. Bustamante, Oct. 2. Memorias of the chiefs of
sections, Nov. --. To plana mayor and to Filisola, Nov. 19. Orders
for reorganizing the army, Dec. 1, 20. Min. of war, memoria, Nov. 19.
Diario, división del oriente, Sept. 29-Oct. 15. Rosa to Herrera, Sept.
29. Comte. gen. Querétaro, Sept. 16. To Bustamante, Oct. 30; Dec. 30.
Quijano, Jan. 27, 1848. Gen. staff, memo., Dec. 31, 1847. Filisola,
Dec. 27. Alcorta (plana mayor), Dec. 27. Gen. in chief of infantry,
Oct. 14. Rosa, Nov. 2. Alvarez, Oct. 20, 28; Nov. 19. To Alvarez, Oct.
28, 31. Alvarez to Olaguíbel, Oct. 21. To Rea, Nov. 1. To Olaguíbel,
Oct. 23. Valencia, Jan. 4, 1848.
Nov. 19 a detailed statement of the available forces gave the figures
as 6785 scattered over twelve states. The largest body (2683) was at
Querétaro. Oct. 14 the Army of the East had only one 16-pounder, one
12-pounder, one 6-pounder, three 5-3/4-pounders, one 4-pounder and
two 24-pound howitzers. It was pointed out that even if men could be
raised, they would be of the poorest sort, and long before an efficient
army could be created, the Americans might be expected to attack them.
Herrera probably had about 4000 men when he left Mexico, but he could
not prevent wholesale desertion on the way to Querétaro. (Gamboa
asserted that Herrera took only 2-3000 infantry from Mexico, but his
statements are not always to be relied upon.) Jan. 2, 1848, Valencia
was captured by the Americans.
Filisola and Alcorta agreed substantially in recommending an elastic,
evasive plan of campaign: bodies of, say, 2000 men to be stationed at
strategic positions; the one attacked to fall back upon the next; these
to fight or join the third, as might seem best; those not otherwise
engaged, to strike for the American rear; and thus a campaign of
movements, in which the Mexicans would have the advantages of mobility,
of knowing the country, and of having the coöperation of the people,
would be pursued in order to wear out the Americans. But the means
of carrying out this system were lacking. In October the government
planned to have three sizable armies; but by the end of December it
limited its ambition to having two small brigades of infantry and one
of cavalry, each headed by a colonel.
29.23. Chief documents. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 60-2. =108=Bancroft to Polk,
Dec. 3, 1846. =256=Barnard to Totten, Oct. 11, 1847. =66=_Id._ to
_Id._, Dec. 15, 1847 (Taylor) =169=Peyton to Crittenden, Jan. 25, 1848;
=169=Taylor to Crittenden, Nov. 15, 1847. =354=Welles papers. Davis,
Autobiog., 257-8. Wash. _Union_, Jan. 7, 1848, N. Y. _Sun_, May 17,
1847. _Niles_, Oct. 23, 1847, p. 114. Schouler, Hist. Briefs, 155. Sen.
1; 30, 1, pp. 60-2 (Marcy, report). Calhoun Corres., 718 (to Clemson).
_Public Ledger_, Jan. 4, 1848. =169=Rives to Crittenden, Feb. 8, 1847.
Richardson, Messages, iv, 542-4. =13=Crampton to Palmerston, nos. 71,
1847; 5, 1848. Claiborne, Quitman, ii, 7. Polk, Diary, Oct. 30, 1847.
=61=Scott, Sept. 18. Sen. 52; 30, 1, pp. 138-40, 211. =256=Totten to
Marcy, Nov. 23, 21. =256=Trist to Buchanan, Sept. 28. _Picayune_, Dec.
15. See chap. xxxii, p. 235.
Sept. 17, at a gathering of generals, one of the best proposed retiring
at once to Vera Cruz. For the defensive plan see chap. xviii, p. 348.
General Butler (Calhoun, Corres., 1146) and apparently Daniel Webster
(Boston _Courier_, Feb. 20, 23, 1847) favored this plan. Had it been
adopted we should in all probability have been forced sooner or later
to resume active operations after having given up the results of much
fighting. It seemed hardly possible that a majority in Congress would
soon be able to agree upon a policy, and it looked as if injurious
debates on the subject might occur. Marcy particularly advised Scott to
prevent the formation of a new Mexican army, but authorized him to use
his own judgment as to military operations. They were not, however, to
be modified in consequence of Mexican peace proposals (Sen. 52; 30, 1,
p. 140). For the difficult situation of the United States see the first
paragraphs of chap. xxxii.
29.24. Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1031, 1033, 1036, 1039, 1047-50, 1067
(Scott); 1006-9 (Marcy); 1060, 1260 (Jesup). Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 98
(H. L. Scott). =364=Worth to S., Dec. 27, 1847. Sen. 52; 30, 1, pp.
140-4. =76=Comte. gen. Mexico, Jan. 10, 1848. =61=Scott to Twiggs,
Dec. 26, 1847. =65=_Id._, gen. orders 376, 389 of 1847; 7 of 1848.
=356=Whitcomb, diary. =12=Pell of sloop _Daring_ to Lambert, Nov. 30,
1847. =66=Lee to Totten, Jan. 1; Feb. 1, 1848. Hitchcock, Fifty Years,
310-1. =178=Davis, diary. _Picayune_, Feb. 27.
In June and August, 1847, the First and Second Illinois regiments
(12-months men) were replaced with "for the war" regiments bearing
the same names. As we have seen (note 29.8) Illinois and Georgia
were called upon about the first of July for mounted companies. June
23 Louisiana was asked to furnish two mounted, acclimated companies
to clear guerillas from near Vera Cruz. July 16 a Pennsylvania foot
regiment, organized some time earlier at Carlisle, was accepted.
July 16 a proposed battalion of Mississippi riflemen was accepted as
infantry. July 19 an Illinois horse company and a Delaware infantry
company were accepted. July 24 a Maryland artillery company was
authorized, and Missouri was requested to furnish an artillery company,
two infantry companies and two mounted companies. August 17 Polk found
that 6000 of the 50,000 volunteers authorized by the war bill had not
been called out, and that the Cabinet were in favor of calling more of
them (Diary). That day Ohio was asked for an infantry regiment. August
21 an infantry company, tendered by W. J. Corcoran of Washington, D.
C., was accepted. August 26 Tennessee and Kentucky were called upon
for two infantry regiments each, and an Indiana regiment was accepted.
Sept. 6 a North Carolina company was accepted on the condition that
it should be ready for muster by Oct. 10. Sept. 7, owing to the delay
of the Carlisle company, a Pittsburgh, Pa., company was accepted in
lieu of it. Sept. 8 two Ohio companies were asked for. Sept. 27 Marcy
stated that nearly or quite all of the 50,000 volunteers had been
accepted (_Niles_, Oct. 30, p. 144). Oct. 8 another Tennessee regiment
(ten extra companies were ready) and a Michigan regiment were called
for. Aug. 23 only one of the five Mississippi companies was ready.
The government explained that men did not wish to serve on foot. The
battalion was completed near the end of December (Rowland, Register,
416). Alabama and Virginia also were backward at this time. The Act of
March 3, authorizing individual enlistments of volunteers, provided
no means for its execution, no bounty and no clothing, and volunteers
received less pay than the regulars (=62=adj. gen. to Hamtramck, Feb.
28, 1848). Naturally men did not care to leave home singly and be kept
at dépôts for perhaps weeks, waiting for enough to be collected to be
sent on. In Aug. and Sept. the transportation of troops was embarrassed
by a serious epidemic of yellow fever at New Orleans. Transportation
difficulties at Vera Cruz caused delays later.
Nov. 30, 1847, the authorized regulars were 1336 commissioned officers
(eleven generals, thirty-five in general staff, 115 medical men,
thirty-one in pay department, forty-three engineers, thirty-six
topographical engineers, thirty-six ordnance officers, 118 officers in
three dragoon regiments, thirty-five in Mounted Riflemen, 208 in four
artillery regiments, 648 in sixteen infantry regiments, forty-seven in
one regiment of Voltigeurs and foot riflemen) and 28,960 enlisted men
(3408 dragoons, 1146 Mounted Riflemen, 5492 artillery, 17,664 infantry,
1104 Voltigeurs and foot riflemen, 100 engineer soldiers, forty-six
ordnance sergeants, seventeen military storekeepers); but according
to the returns (not all recent) the enlisted men numbered not more
than 20,333 (adj. gen.'s report in Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 72). Of 12-months
volunteers there were (mounted) one regiment of seven companies,
one battalion and four independent companies, and two companies of
infantry: aggregate, eighty-two officers, 2037 non-commissioned men
and privates. Of volunteers "for the war" there were theoretically
seven generals; 125 staff officers (including quartermaster's,
commissary's and medical departments, and twelve (additional) in the
pay department); of horse one regiment, two battalions, twenty-two
independent companies (total, 184 officers, 4871 others); of
foot artillery three companies (twelve and 342 respectively); of
infantry twenty-two regiments, five battalions, eight independent
companies (1159 and 27,603 respectively): aggregates, 1355 and 32,816
respectively. The number still on the rolls (Nov. 30) "for the war"
was not supposed to exceed 20,286. This number was believed by the
adjutant general to be "much beyond" the number of effectives.
There were supposed to be in the field 19,818 regulars and (aside from
803 on California service) 21,124 volunteers (officers and men); _en
route_ 1691 regulars, 100 volunteers: total (_including_ the California
men), 43,536. Scott's army (regulars) was figured as 15,071 in the
field, 1396 _en route_, 555 at Vera Cruz, 79 at Tampico; (volunteers)
in the field and at Tampico, 14,955. His operating army, including
the sick and the disabled, was estimated as about 30,209. Wool's army
was figured as (regulars) 3,642 in the field, 295 _en route_ and
(volunteers) 2790: total, 6727. Price was believed to have 255 regulars
(dragoons), 2902 volunteers; and Mason (California) 216 regulars (one
company of dragoons and one company of artillery), 803 volunteers (adj.
gen.'s report, Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 72). All the figures were approximate
and there were discrepancies in the reckoning.
Nov. 20 the adjutant general stated the regulars sent to Scott as
reinforcements thus: of the old establishment (absent companies,
reorganized companies and recruits), 5564; new establishment (troops
raised and organized after March 4, 1847), five companies of Third
Dragoons, the Ninth, Eleventh, Twelfth (nine companies), Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Infantry, the Voltigeurs, and recruits for the same, 6345
(=62=to Scott); and also six companies (360) of Marines under Lieut.
Colonel Watson. Scott's returns were infrequent or were lost on the
way. Perhaps he dared not run the risk of exposing them to guerillas.
Hence as a rule one must accept general statements. Quitman's division,
being now very small, was broken up, and he was permitted to report at
Washington for a new command (Claiborne, Quitman, i, 395). As a rule
no officer was permitted to leave the army except "with a view to the
good of the service or the recovery of health" (=61=Scott to Patterson,
Oct. 28, 1847). Oct. 22 even leaves of absence that had been granted or
promised were cancelled. The government ordered the reinforcements to
leave Vera Cruz promptly, and Bankhead was put in the place of Wilson
there in order to obtain more efficient management (=62=adj. gen. to
Scott, Nov. 9). After about the middle of October the troops at Mexico
were thoroughly drilled, and by the middle of November came to be
better disciplined than ever before.
April 29, 1847, although the 12-months army was about to disband,
Marcy requested Patterson and Butler to remain in the service as
major generals, and Marshall, Lane and Shields to remain as brigadier
generals. Marshall arrived at Mexico City January 21, 1848. It is not
possible to state how many troops came with each of the officers.
Col. Hays brought five companies of Rangers. Lt. Col. Johnston had
about 1300 men when at Puebla. In general about half of a command
fell out from sickness and other causes between Vera Cruz and Mexico
(=125=Bonham to mother, Dec. 7, 1847). Fruits, liquor, insufficient
clothing and at this time the measles were the chief causes of sickness.
Scott's announcement (=65=gen. orders 376) was dated Dec. 15. Jan.
6 Scott had 14,964, of whom 11,162 were effectives (Ho. 60; 30, 1,
p. 1061). By Feb. 13 his rank and file amounted to 26,910, and 2000
recruits were _en route_ (=62=adj. gen. to Cass, Mar. 9, 1848). Though
5546 of the rank and file and 181 officers were then sick, he had
been for some time strong enough to occupy Zacatecas and San Luis
Potosí, but the peace negotiations (chap. xxxii) affected his plans.
The new posts were at Río Frio (between Mexico and Puebla), and the
national bridge and San Juan (between Jalapa and Vera Cruz). Early
in March, 1848, a post was established at Ojo de Agua between Puebla
and Perote. The purpose of the posts was to defend the line against
the guerillas and furnish escorts for trains, couriers, etc. Jalapa
and Puebla were held somewhat strongly. At the former there were on
January 8, 1848, three infantry companies and a rifle company from the
District of Columbia, two infantry companies, a rifle company and a
battery (six guns) from Baltimore, four New Jersey infantry companies,
a Pennsylvania infantry company and a mounted company. Sickness and
other causes reduced the effectives, however, to 556 (=69=Hughes to H.
L. Scott, Jan. 8, 1848). Puebla was held, Feb. 22, by some 2500 men:
the Fourth Indiana, Fourth Ohio, Fourth Artillery, Fifth Ohio (five
companies), Second Artillery (two companies), and two Florida companies
(Perry, Indiana, 287). Pachuca was occupied Dec. 29 by the Ninth
Infantry (=178=Davis, diary). Cadwalader marched for Toluca Jan. 6 (Ho.
60; 30, 1, p. 1062). Jan. 29 Col. Clarke set out for Cuernavaca with a
brigade (=66=Lee to Totten, Feb. 1). His approach compelled Alvarez to
break up the small force he had been holding at that point and hastily
retire.
Ripley (War with Mexico, ii, 524) says that Scott neglected "the proper
military measures of occupation" in order to favor peace negotiations
contrary to the "policy" of his government; but the most fundamental
policy of that government was to bring about a satisfactory peace;
Scott had not sufficient forces to carry out a military occupation of
the country until late in December; and by that time peace was within
reach.
29.25. Twiggs to H. L. Scott, Jan. 16, 1848; to adj. gen., Jan. 17; to
Bankhead, Feb. 3. =69=_Id._ to Marcy, Feb. 19. =61=Scott to Twiggs,
Dec. 26, 1847. =61=Hughes to [Wilson], Sept. 13, 1847. Brackett, Lane's
Brigade, 241-2. _Free American_, Jan. 14, 1848. =152=Claiborne, mems.
Velasco, Geografía, iii, 176. Leclercq, Voyage, 386. Moreno, Cantón,
380. =88=Córdoba ayunt., proceedings, Feb. 16. _Picayune_, Feb. 27.
There was a convenient road from Orizaba to Paso de Ovejas on the
national highway about thirty miles from Vera Cruz. The recently
captured goods had been in charge of Lieut. Col. Miles (note 29.7).
Bankhead arrived at Córdoba Feb. 13 and left for Orizaba Feb. 17. The
Michigan volunteers remained there. Other reasons for this expedition
will be mentioned in chap. xxxiii.
29.26. Remarks of Gov. J. D. Porter of Tenn. to the author (vanity,
ignorance of war). Ill. State Hist. Soc. Trans., 1906, p. 178 (unfit to
serve as corporal). =180=Pillow to wife, Dec. 8, 1846 (_re_ Taylor).
Sen. 52; 30, 1, p. 252 (Trist's opinion). =307=B. S. Roberts, diary,
Nov. 26, 1847 ("ass by nature"). =335=Trist, notes for letter to
Ho. of Repres. ("Lie"; lack of probity; Scott's confidence, etc.).
=252=Mackall, Sept. 18, 1847 (no vainer peacock or greater ass; gave
no aid in the final battles). =292=Pillow to wife, Dec. 12, 1847 (eye
to Presidency). =335=Paper prepared by Trist (_re_ Polk's brother).
=277=Pillow to Maj.-- (beautifully illustrates "wriggling"). Scott,
Mems., ii, 416. Lawton, Artill. Officer, 338 (vanity). =297=Pillow
to Polk, May 30, 1844 ("fatal blow"). M'Sherry Puchero, 179 (not
considered a general). Chap. xxiii, note 23.29 (generalship).
(Recommendations) =180=Pillow to wife, Dec. 8, 1846. (Confidence)
=335=Trist, notes, _supra_. Pillow's letters generally.
For uncomplimentary opinions regarding Pillow see chap. xxvi, note
26.8. It should be remembered, however, that later he became a
political issue in Tennessee, and many things said of him then were
colored by partisanship; also that the prejudice of many regulars in
reference to the volunteers may have counted.
29.27. (After Monterey) =364=W. to S., Oct. 2, 1846. (Ambition) Scott,
Mems., ii, 416. (Restive) Lawton, Artill. Officer, 276. (Affection)
Grant, Mems., i, 151; =335=Trist, notes for letter to Ho., _supra_
(Pillow: Scott's fatherly affection for Worth will always get the
better of any resentment); Lawton, _ibid._ (Rejected) =364=W. to --,
Mar. 3, 1848. (Friend) =183=Drum, recolls.; =224=Hitchcock, diary, Apr.
14, 1846. (Ounce) =364=Worth to daughter, June 10, 1846.
29.28. (Told) Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 1226 (Scott). (Brother officer)
=183=Drum, recolls. (his name was Lieut. Col. Black of Pa.). (Root)
=183=Drum, recolls.; Davis, Autobiog., 286. N. Y. _Sun_, Aug. 14,
1847. (Favorably) _Picayune_, Jan. 17, 1848 (the plan ripening
fast); =149=Eells to Chase, Feb. 24, 1848 (W. may be the Dem.
nominee); =185=Pillow to Duncan, June 4, 1849 (W. had a good chance
of nomination); =182=Bowdon to W., Mar. 18, 1848, strictly confid.
(Clashes, conciliate) _Infra_. (Antagonism) =169=Mills to Crittenden,
Jan. 28, 1848; Grant, Mems., i, 172.
For remarks on Worth's character see chap. xii, note 12.8 and chap.
xxiv, note 24.16. At Vera Cruz Worth ridiculed Scott's methods in
comparison with his own at Monterey (Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 528), and
his journalistic champion, the editor of the New York _Sun_, took
the same line (Aug. 16). He was determined to have an assault, in
which he would naturally have played a conspicuous part (_Mag. of Am.
Hist._, xiv, 569). He was enraged because Scott properly had Twiggs
lead the advance from that city (_ibid._, 562; see also chap. xxiii,
note 23.5). Apparently in order to become prominent in the coming
battle, he seems to have left Vera Cruz without a suitable supply of
provisions--contrary to orders (Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 528). Probably
because Scott, for reasons of policy, praised Twiggs's conduct at Cerro
Gordo in his report, Worth pronounced the report "a lie from beginning
to end" (=364=to S., Dec. 27, 1847). He was impatient and offensive
because Scott would not permit him to advance upon Puebla as soon as
he wished to go (Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 528; =364=W. to daughter, Apr.
30, 1847). Next, his wrath was excited there because, in accordance
with the verdict of a court martial, Scott censured--in the mildest
possible manner--his improper conduct (p. 361; _Delta_, Jan. 6, 1848).
Wholly without authority he announced that his division was to lead the
movement from Puebla against Mexico (=236=Judah, diary, May 6), though
it was Twiggs's turn to lead. He accused Scott of trying to belittle
his achievements at Churubusco (=364=to S., Dec. 27, 1847). He blamed
Scott for the losses resulting from his own imprudence at Molino del
Rey and for not permitting him to attack Chapultepec that day; and he
protested because Scott, doubtless by accident, did not credit him with
the technical distinction of actually passing the San Cosme garita
on Sept. 13 (p. 416; Sedgwick, Corres., i, 169). Unmoved by Worth's
conduct, Scott seems to have given him all the prominence to which
he was entitled. It was understood that he assigned him to command
on Sept. 8 with a special view to conciliating him (Grant, Mems., i,
151); and it is clear that he intended to have him capture the city
of Mexico (p. 412). It is probable that Scott had shown some egotism
and irascibility in the course of the strenuous campaign, but no doubt
almost every high officer had done the same, for all had tempers and
believed in themselves; and it is extremely doubtful whether any one
had shown more kindness and magnanimity than he--particularly toward
Pillow and Worth. Even after all the trouble, Scott wrote (Mems., ii,
416) that Pillow's nature was free from malignity, whereas Pillow's
letters prove the contrary strikingly.
29.29. (Intimate) =185=Duncan papers, _passim_. (Widow) =185=P. to D.,
Sept. 3, 1848. (Urged) =185=P. to Polk, June 21, 1849. (Made) Scott,
Mems., ii, 416; Cullum, Biog. Register, i, 447. (Trouble) Sen. 65; 30,
1, p. 305. (Gather) =329=Taliaferro to --, Apr. 26, 1848; Scott, Mems.,
ii, 417.
Pillow boasted of his power, and on that basis threatened men whom he
wished to control (Taliaferro, _supra_; Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 117). How
strong this influence was is illustrated by the fact that Col. Campbell
of Tennessee, who had stated repeatedly that Pillow had no military
ability (pp. 353, 377), recommended him for appointment as a major
general (=139=to Polk, Feb. 19, 1847). It is interesting to note, in
comparison with the character of the cabal against Scott, that he was
supported by such men as Trist, E. A. Hitchcock, Robert E. Lee and
Robert Anderson.
29.30. (Reports) Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1015-20; Sen. 65; 30, 1, pp.
389-91, 629-34; Lawton, Artill. Officer, 319-20. (Same) Lawton, Art.
Off., 319-20; Weekly N. Y. _Courier and Enquirer_, Mar. 2, 1848;
=169=Mills to Crittenden, Jan. 28, 1848. (Terms) Remarks in note
29.28; =169=Mills to Crittenden, Jan. 28, 1848; =364=W. to ----, Mar.
3, 1848 ("an ass will be an ass"). (Trickily) Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 391;
Davis, Autobiog., 285; note 31. (Another) Semmes, Service, 358-9. (In
U. S.) _Picayune_, Oct. 8. (Tampico) Semmes, Service, 360. (Mexico)
Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 117. (Improper) _Ib._, p. 454 (Marcy). (Necessary)
=169=Mills, _supra_; Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1087, 1225-6 (Scott).
29.31. (Gen. orders 349) Sen. 65; 30, 1, p. 455. (Stigmatize)
=210=Alvord to Hammond, Apr. 21, 1848; =210=Bragg to Hammond, Dec.
20, 1847. (Assumed) _Picayune_, Oct. 8; Dec. 18. (Defiant) Stevens,
Stevens, i, 223. (Not written) _Infra_. (Seized) Semmes, Service,
361-4; _Spirit of the Age_, Mar. 9; Apr. 13, 1848. (Charges) Polk,
Diary, Dec. 30, 1847; Jan. 1; Apr. 18, 1848; _infra_. (Appeals)
_Infra_. (Arrest) =256=Marcy to Butler, Jan. 13, 1848.