13. Probably in order to occupy a place in the reports he appeared
at the Belén garita at about four A.M., Sept. 14 (though he belonged
to Pillow's division) on the ground that the Ninth Infantry was then
serving under Quitman. Although Scott refused to grant a capitulation
or sign any pledge, he seems to have indicated quite definitely to the
commission how the capital would be treated (Negrete, Invasión, iv,
122), and in particular that in consideration of being protected it
would have to pay $150,000 for necessaries and comforts to be given
our troops. The ayuntamiento attempted to force Scott to make pledges
by saying that otherwise it could offer no security to his army or its
property. This was ingenious, and so was its solemn Protest (Negrete,
Invasión, iv, 108) that it had no intention of submitting voluntarily
to any foreign authority.
Scott's report offended Worth by saying that he did not pass the
garita until Sept. 14 (Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 1077). This was technically
an error, and Scott so acknowledged in writing (_ibid._, 1079). But
one cannot suppose he intended (though Worth imagined he did) to
belittle Worth, for his plan had been to give that officer the glory
of capturing the city, and he was displeased to find that Quitman had
taken precedence of Worth (Claiborne, Quitman, i, 377). Moreover,
Scott stated expressly in his report that Worth, had he not halted in
obedience to orders, might have anticipated Quitman (Sen. 1; 30, 1,
p. 383). Scott seems, indeed, to have intended, in giving Worth the
command on Sept. 8 and destining him to take possession of the city, to
close the breach between that officer and himself, but Worth contrived,
by taking needless offence on both occasions, to widen it. Another
complaint was that Scott ordered Worth to stop at the Alameda, and thus
enabled Quitman to reach the palace first (Semmes, Service, 464); but
apparently this was because Scott intended to join Worth there (Sen.
1; 30, 1, p. 417), for when Scott proceeded from Tacubaya to the city
on the morning of Sept. 14 he took the long route _via_ San Cosme, not
knowing what Quitman had done.
Semmes (Service, 469) states that S. Anna left 40 pieces of artillery
behind when he evacuated the city. Gamboa asserted that at the end
of the fighting, Sept. 13, there were still 9000 Mexican soldiers
besides 4000 National Guards (Impug., 59). The Spanish chargé reported
that when the fighting ended Santa Anna had 12,000 troops. As the
minister of relations was his guest at the time this would seem almost
equivalent to an official estimate (=73=Lozano, no. 7, Sept. 16).
Mounted and unmounted, the Americans found twenty-two cannon at the
citadel (=304=Geary to Quitman, Sept. 14). In spite of Santa Anna's
efforts to prevent the capture of the city, many still believed that he
was in league with the Americans (Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos, 419).
28.22. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 383 (Scott), 393 (Worth), 398 (Twiggs),
417 (Quitman). _Niles_, Oct. 30, p. 137. Sen. Rep. 32; 34, 1. Scott,
Mems., ii, 535. Davis, Autobiog., 237. =376=Nicholson, recolls.
=224=Introd. to intercepted letters. =66=Beauregard to Quitman, Sept.
17. =304=Watson to Shields, Sept. 16. Claiborne, Quitman, i, 362, note,
376. =113=Beauregard, remins. =151=Roberts to _Union_, July 12, 1848.
=357=Wilcox, diary. Arroniz, Manual, i, 411. =65=Scott, gen. orders
286. Semmes, Service, 464. Apuntes, 326. London _Chronicle_, Nov. 12.
=307=Roberts, diary. =187=Thomas to Eddy, Oct. 26. Wise, Gringos (N.
Y., 1849), 255. Norton, Life, 172. =327=Sutherland to father, Aug. --.
Lowell (Mass.) _Journal_, Sept. 14, 1852. Verse by Grace Greenwood (in
Stevenson, Poems).
Epitomizing his operations in the Valley, Scott said his army had
beaten thirty-odd thousand men, posted behind defences at chosen
positions, killed or wounded more than 7000, taken 3730 (one seventh
officers), including thirteen generals, and captured more than twenty
colors and standards, 75 pieces of ordnance, 57 wall-pieces, 20,000
small arms, and an immense quantity of munitions (Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp.
384-5). The total American losses on Sept. 12, 13 and 14: note 28.18.
XXIX. FINAL MILITARY OPERATIONS
29.1. The chief documents relating to Taylor's field. Brackett,
Lane's Brigade, 31-2. =63=Marcy to Taylor, July 15, 1847. =169=Taylor
to Crittenden, May 15; Sept, 15, 1847. _Delta_, Aug. 3. Wash.
_Union_, June 17. =76=Mora, Mar. 31; Apr. 7; May 12. Ho. 60; 30,
1, pp. 1118-49, 1170, 1172, 1175, 1177, 1180, 1185-8, 1195, 1197-8
(Taylor); 1003, 1193-4 (Marcy). =76=A. Chávez, July 29. =76=González
to Urrea, July 12. =76=Valencia, June 7, 19, 26. =76=Filisola, Aug.
10. =76=Extracto, Aug. 10. Scott, Mems., ii, 409-11, 460. =354=Welles
papers. =330=Taylor, Aug. 16. _Spirit of the Age_, Feb. 17, 1848.
=76=Peña y Barragán, June 26, 1847. Charleston _Mercury_, Sept. 2.
Polk, Diary, May 11. =61=Adj. gen. to Brooke, May 29; to Taylor, July
16; to Talcott, Mar. 24. =69=Wool to Bliss, Aug. 25. (Tampico) Kenly,
Md. Vol., 241, 244, 252; =69=Riley to Bliss, Dec. 14, 1846; =61=Shields
to adj. gen., Jan. 19, 1847; =66=Beauregard to Gates, Feb. 24; =76=I.
Múñoz, Dec. 19, 21, 25, 1846; =65=Gates, special orders 7, Feb. 25,
1847; =76=Váldez to F. de Garay, Jan. 3, 1847; =76=Garay, Jan. 22,
res., 29, res.; =76=J. J. Landero, Jan. 25; =76=S. Anna, Jan. 9; =76=F.
de Garay, Jan. 22; =76=to Mora, May 24. (Tamaulipas authorities) =76=J.
Cárdenas to Relaciones, Nov. 16, 1847; =76=Urrea, Nov. 15; =75=Memoria
de ... Relaciones, Nov. 19; =76=gov. Tam. to comte. gen. Tam., Jan.
17, 1848; =76=_Id._ to Relaciones, Nov. 29, 1847; =76=Tam. congress,
decree, Nov. 14. (Taylor's going home) =61=Taylor, Oct. 26, 1847; Sen.
52; 30, 1, p. 145 (Marcy); =330=Taylor to Gen. --, Aug. 16, 1847; Ho.
60; 30, 1, pp. 1199, 1213-4 (Taylor); 1210 (Jones). (Costume) _Delta_,
Aug. 3, 1847. =69=Wool, gen. orders, Dec. 22, 1847.
The distance from Camargo to Mexico City seems to have been about 820
miles by the direct road. As early as May 11, 1847, Polk remarked
to the Cabinet that it was more important to reinforce Scott than
Taylor (Diary). In March, 1847, Taylor had: (regulars) 2 cos. of First
Dragoons; ditto, Second Dragoons; four artillery cos. (C of 1st; C and
E of 3d; B of 4th) with batteries; five artillery cos. as infantry;
(volunteers) Arkansas horse regt.; ditto, Kentucky; two cos. Texas
horse; two regts. Kentucky foot; three Ohio foot; three Ind. foot;
two Ill. foot; two Miss. foot; one each Va., No. Car., So. Car. and
Mass. foot (=62=adj. gen. to ordnance dept., March 24, 1847). June
16 Taylor wrote that Wool would soon have at Buena Vista six regular
companies (Second Dragoons, Fourth Artillery), four cos. of volunteer
horse (First Arkansas, Third Texas), and Marshall's brigade (in all
about 2500); that there would be a small garrison at Monterey, and
that the troops on or coming to the Rio Grande would go to a camp
of instruction at Mier. He reckoned that by August 15 he would have
about 8000 effectives (Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1177, 1180). The New Orleans
_Delta_ of Aug. 3 said Wool had at Buena Vista about 2900, Taylor at
Monterey 800, and the posts at Cerralvo, Mier and Matamoros about 3300.
In May and June the time of practically all Taylor's 12-months men
(thirteen regts.) was out. Only enough for one company would reënlist.
The government intended Taylor should have after losing these men
fully 10,000, to wit (Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 924-6): (regulars) Hopping's
brigade consisting of Tenth Infantry (N. Y., N. J.) under Col. Temple;
Thirteenth Infantry (Va., Ga., Ala., Fla.) under Col. Echols; Sixteenth
Infantry (Ky., Ind., Ill.) under Col. Tibbatts; and also the Third
Dragoons; (volunteers) Marshall's brigade (one regt. each from *Miss.,
*Va. and *No. Car., five Va. companies--*three of them already in
Mexico); Lane's brigade (Ill. regt., Ill. horse co., Ind. regt., five
N. J. cos., one Fla. co., one Ark. horse co., five Texas horse cos.);
Cushing's brigade (*Mass. regt., Ohio regt., Ohio horse co., five
D. C. and Md. cos., five Ala. cos., one Ala. horse co.). (The star
means "already in Mexico.") In spite of this it was charged that the
government was leaving Taylor with only a corporal's guard. Troops
began to leave Taylor's for Scott's field during the latter part of
August. Taylor retained the Tenth and Sixteenth regular regts. and the
battery of Deas (Co. B, Fourth Artillery) and sent to Scott, besides
Hays's men and a body under Cushing, three regts. of volunteers (Mass.,
Ohio, Ind.): an aggregate of 2957 (=62=adj. gen., Oct. 6). He estimated
that Hays had about 400. Wool, who had been commanding at Saltillo and
Buena Vista, moved to Monterey after Taylor left that place, and Col.
John Hamtramck succeeded him. A letter from Buena Vista dated Jan. 17,
1848, said that Hamtramck then had 2600 and Wool at Monterey 1400; and
that the total force in that field amounted to five light batteries,
four infantry regiments, ten companies of dragoons and four companies
of horse (_Spirit of the Age_, Feb. 17, 1848).
About 200 American prisoners (privates), who were supposed by
themselves and other Americans to have been exchanged for Mexicans
captured at Cerro Gordo, were sent by the Mexican government in May,
1847, to Huejutla, about 120 miles from Tampico on the road to Mexico,
in order to prevent them from escaping or being recaptured, and
suffered terrible privations in the mountains. July 7, 1847, Gates,
commanding at Tampico, sent Col. De Russey of the Louisiana volunteers,
with 126 men (including 35 mounted men) and a 6-pdr. under Capt. F. O.
Wyse to endeavor peaceably to obtain the release of these prisoners,
or, if that could not be done, to rescue them. De Russey sent word to
Gen. F. de Garay, the Mexican commander in that district, regarding
his mission, but was ambushed near Huejutla. With some loss he beat
off his assailants, and after fighting more or less three days on his
retreat, succeeded, after receiving aid from Tampico, in reaching that
place. His loss was 12 killed and 7 wounded. Later the prisoners were
released on parole. The garrison of Tampico at this time was only about
650 effectives; but July 31 five companies of Ill. vols. were ordered
to go there from N. Orleans. In April, 1848, Gen. Shields was ordered
to take command at Tampico. (For this paragraph: Encarnacion Prisoners,
70; =65=Gates, special orders 41, July 7; =61=_Id._, July 21, Aug. 24;
=365=Wyse, May 15, 1876; =61=adj. gen. to Gates, July 31; Ho. 24; 31,
1; Tampico _Sentinel_, extra, July 18; =76=Garay, July 19, 28; =76=V.
de Mora, Sept. 10; Apuntes, 380-4; _Niles_, Aug. 7, p. 357; =61=adj.
gen. to Shields, Mar. 30, 1848.)
In the summer of 1847 discipline at Buena Vista was in a bad state
(=76=Filisola, Aug. 10; =76=report of a trustworthy spy). In August
a mutiny occurred (Sen. 62; 30, 1), and Wool discharged dishonorably
two lieuts. and two privates (Ho. 78; 30, 1). Polk countermanded
this discharge on the ground that Wool had exceeded his authority
(=256=Marcy to Wool, Jan. 17, 1848). A court of inquiry was ordered
(Ho. 60; 30, 1, 1207-8). This fully vindicated Wool (Sen. 62; 30, 1).
By the autumn of 1847 the Americans occupied Tamaulipas and Nuevo
León pretty effectively, but in Coahuila held only Saltillo and its
vicinity. In Feb. and March, 1848, that state was overrun (=61=Wool,
Mar. 2, 1848; =76=gov. Coahuila, Mar. 29, 1848), and on March 7 Mazapil
in northern Zacatecas was made an American outpost (=61=Wool to Price,
Apr. 5, 1848; =76=comte. gen. Zacatecas, Mar. 10). The Americans tried
repeatedly without success to apprehend Gov. Aguirre, who was known
to be hostile. Finally, about the middle of Dec., 1847, they burned
his house and destroyed the clothing of his family who were there
(=76=report to comte. gen. Durango, res., Dec. 21, 1847).
Valencia's plan of combined operations appears to have been an
elaboration of a suggestion of Filisola. By June 22 Filisola, then at
Durango, was ready to advance. July 31 he feared his men would disband
from lack of means. About Aug. 1 he moved. Many deserted or fell sick.
August 11 he had 634 available privates. Avalos was in a similar
condition, and his brigade shrank rapidly. Most of the troops placed
under Filisola's orders were diverted or simply failed to appear, and
finally on Aug. 23, 1847, he was ordered to Querétaro. (This paragraph
is based upon numerous =76=reports from the officers concerned.)
_Price's campaign._ In Oct., 1847, it was feared at Santa Fe that the
Mexicans intended to attack New Mexico (Santa Fe _Republican_, Oct. 9),
and a considerable American force appears to have gone to the southern
part of the province (=76=prefect El Paso, Oct. 26). In November El
Paso was the scene of preparations to march south. The people of
Chihuahua state had mostly been cowed at Sacramento, but Trias and a
few others were determined to fight. He obtained 500 muskets that were
landed at Guaymas, and his arsenal turned out eight small field pieces.
At Santa Cruz de Rosales he took post with 804 men, besides officers.
Price had 665 men, but his artillery was much superior to that of
the Mexicans. His object was to get the munitions and other public
property that Trias had brought from Chihuahua City. Trias said he knew
officially that a treaty had been signed; but, as the Mexicans were
more noted for astuteness than for veracity, Price would not believe
him. He did, however, wait about a week. After some fighting Trias and
his entire force surrendered. He lost 238 killed. The American loss was
4 killed and 19 wounded (=62=adj. gen. to Price, Oct. 4; Nov. 20, 1847.
=256=Marcy to Price, May 22, 1848; to Wool, May 23. =76=Trias, Nov. 30;
Feb. 15; Mar. 21. Ho. 1; 30, 2, pp. 76-7, 113-36. =61=Corresp. between
Price and Trias, Mar. 10, etc. Ho. 24; 31, 1. _Eco del Comercio_, June
22, 1848. =76=Chávez to Armijo, Oct. 21, 1847. Roa Bárcena, Recuerdos,
535-7. México á través, iv, 710. =61=Justiniani and Trias, report, Mar.
22, 1848. Apuntes, 397-401). Price exhibited energy and courage in
this campaign but poor judgment. A force occupying El Paso would have
protected New Mexico, and to go even beyond the city of Chihuahua and
fight so serious an aggressive battle long after the capture of Mexico
City and in the face of positive assurances that a treaty had been
signed was hardly reasonable. One suspects that commercial interests
were behind this campaign. Gen. Butler ordered restitution made (=60=to
Marcy, Apr. 7).
29.2. The chief documents relating to hostilities at Mexico. =221=Hill,
diary. _National_, Nov. 14, etc., 1847. =65=Scott, gen. orders 289,
296. Apuntes, 325, 330-9, 362. London _Chronicle_, Nov. 12. Negrete,
Invasión, iii, app., 451, etc.; iv, app., 310-2. S. Anna, Apelación,
59, 60, 63. Gamboa, Impug., 59, 60. Ramírez, México, 317-8. Semmes,
Service, 466-7. =92=Ayunt. proclams. =92=Corresp. between Veramendi and
S. Anna. =92=Ayunt. to Quitman, Sept. 15-6. =92=Mexican officials to
Veramendi, Sept. --. =92=Quitman, proclam., Sept. 26. =92=Veramendi,
proclam., Sept. 27. _Arco Iris_, Dec. 1. _Picayune_, Oct. 14; Nov.
20. N. Y. _Sun_, Oct. 14. Diario Esactísimo. _Niles_, Oct. 30, p.
138. =364=Worth to daughter, Sept. 28. Prieto, Memorias, ii, 248-58.
=357=Wilcox, diary. Sen. 34; 34, 3, p. 25. =366=Poster. S. Anna,
Detall, 33-4. London _Times_, Nov. 13. Sen. 1; 30, 1, pp. 383-4
(Scott), 393 (Worth); 399 (Riley); 417 (Quitman); 424 (Huger); app.,
169 (Smith), 185 (Smith), 188 (Morris), 190 (Plympton). Hitchcock,
Fifty Years, 304-5. _Monitor_ _Repub._, Sept. 28. Grant, Mems., i,
162-3. Henshaw narrative. Claiborne, Quitman, i, 378. Engineer School,
Occas. Papers 16. =73=Lozano, no. 7, 1847. Davis, Autobiog., 240. Roa
Bárcena, Recuerdos, 507-11, 542. _American Star_, Oct. 14.
Santa Anna sent an order to Herrera to return to Mexico, but by the
time Herrera received it he was so far away that he did not think
it best to go back, and the order was soon rescinded. One of the
=92=proclamations of the president of the ayuntamiento, 12:30 p.m.,
Sept. 14, said: "The general in charge of the American forces which
have occupied the city this morning has informed the Ayuntamiento that
if within three hours, counted from the time this notice is posted,
there is not an entire cessation of the acts of hostility now being
committed with palpable imprudence and to the grave prejudice of
the peaceable citizens, he will proceed with all rigor against the
guilty, permitting their goods and property to be sacked and razing
the block in which are situated the houses from which the American
troops are fired upon." There is no evidence that the last threat
was executed. In another =92=proclamation of the same day the people
were called upon to "reciprocate the civilization" of the American
army, and to leave national affairs to the nation. In a =92=third the
people were told that Scott had refused to give the pledges asked for
by the ayuntamiento until the hostilities should cease. The action of
the ayuntamiento brought upon President Veramendi the most violent
denunciations and menaces of Santa Anna. Veramendi =92=replied that
he "idolized" his country, and was only trying to avert the disasters
to which it had been doomed by "the most well-proven rapine, the most
lamentable demoralization of our people, and not by true patriotism
or zeal to prevent the sacking of the churches" and other outrages.
Veramendi wrote finally that it would be a waste of time to continue
the discussion; that the authorities would do their duty and accept the
verdict of public opinion.
The Americans commonly believed that the convicts were released from
the prison by Santa Anna with the expectation that their crimes would
be charged to the Americans; and on the other hand Otero asserted that
the Americans released them to prey upon the people. His view was
certainly erroneous; and the other, though not without support, may
have been so. In the confusion the jailers perhaps left the prisoners
unguarded or released them to save them from starving. Some believed
that the real purpose of the uprising was to plunder the houses of the
city under cover of the disorder, and there is reason to think this
motive existed. No doubt, too, some Americans robbed the houses of
innocent citizens from which they supposed, or pretended to suppose,
that bullets had come (=221=Hill, diary). As late as December an
uprising was planned. Scott had agents (including a member of Congress
and a governor) to give him information (Sen. 34; 34, 3, p. 38).
Scott's general orders 289, Sept. 18, for the distribution of the
troops in the city show that all the principal sections were covered,
and that a guard and two guns defended each of the principal gates.
No private house was to be used for quarters till all suitable public
buildings had been occupied, nor then without the owner's consent or an
order from headquarters. Officers were to be with or near their troops.
29.3. The chief documents. Lieber, Guerrillas, 19, 20. _Diario_, Apr.
28; May 2, 4, 10, 23, 1847. =80=Address of Méx. legislature, Apr. 26.
_Republicano_, May 8. Sen. 52; 30, 1, p. 138 (Marcy). _Porvenir_,
May 27. _Picayune_, Feb. 23; May 6; Dec. 9. Kenly, Md. Vol., 312.
Ramírez, México, 241, 244, 260. México á través, iv, 712. =256=Marcy to
Kearny, Dec. 10, 1846. =76=Mora, Apr. 23, 1847. =86=Vera Cruz congress,
manifiesto, Sept. 28. =76=Soto, proclam., undated. =92=Address of
citizens, Apr. 6. =61=Salas, proclam., Apr. 21. =76=S. Anna, May 16.
=76=Relaciones to Olaguíbel, Aug. 16. =257=[Hughes] to Frank, Nov. 11.
=76=Decrees, Apr. 28; May 1. Roa Bárcena, Rec., 250-5, 262.
In Spanish _guerrilla_ means a party, each member of which is a
_guerrillero_. The value of the work done by the Spanish guerillas was
commonly much overrated by the Mexicans. Not only did the "patriotic"
irregulars act atrociously in Mexico during the revolution against
Spain, but those organized by the viceroy behaved so badly that he
disbanded them (México á través, iii, 234). Guerillas ("light corps of
the National Guard") were decreed by the Mexican government on April
8, 1847. A citizen after obtaining authorization from the state or the
national government, could raise a body of volunteers (not less than
fifty), rank according to the number from lieutenant to colonel (800),
and give his name to the corps. Other corps were to be supported by the
state or the central government. Goods taken from the enemy were to be
divided among the captors and could be sold without paying duty. August
16, 1847, the government ordered that the people within thirty leagues
(about eighty miles) of every point occupied by the enemy should rise
_en masse_, and attack them with "the arms each may have, fire-arms
or cold steel, great or small, long or short--in a word, if there be
nothing else, with sticks and stones" (=76=Relaciones to Olaguíbel).
Other guerilla leaders in Vera Cruz state were M. Senobio (near the
coast), the Spanish priest J. A. Martínez, Juan Aburto, F. Mendoza
and J. M. Vázquez. T. Marín had charge of the guerillas near Córdoba.
Jarauta was ordered to bring together a number of small parties that
were simply preying upon the people. In the autumn of 1847 he offered
to join the Americans, but Gen. Patterson, who arrived at Jalapa just
then, would make no arrangement with him (Kenly, Md. Vol., 328-31;
=257=[Hughes] to Frank, Nov. 11).
29.4. =76=Urrea, Aug. 12, res. =76=Canales to Urrea, Feb. 5; Aug. 6; to
alcalde of Guerrero, Apr. 4. =69=Lamar to Bliss, Apr. 21. =245=Canales
to ----, Apr. 4. Apuntes, 387-8. _Republicano_, June 11. Ho. 60; 30,
1, pp. 1138-42; 1197 (Belknap). =256=F. J. Parker to F. Smith, Apr. 1.
_Picayune_, Feb. 23. Smith, Chile, 294, 298. =245=Boyd to Bee, Apr. 4.
=148=Chamberlain, recolls.
If a train moved in sections with troops between them its length was
increased so much that more strength was believed to be lost than
gained. The "roads" were usually narrow, especially in rough country.
For Urrea see chap. xx, p. 400.
29.5. Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 1138, 1142, 1180, 1211 (Taylor). =61=Wool
to adj. gen., Dec. 20, 1847; Feb. 4; Mar. 2; May 9, 1848; to Hunter,
Dec. 14, 1847; to Hamtramck, Dec. 18; to Lobo, July 25; to Marcy,
Feb. 26, 1848; =65=orders, 11, Dec. 17, 1847. =65=_Id._, orders 66,
Feb. 26, 1848. =69=Commrs. of N. León towns to Taylor, Apr. --, 1847.
=61=McDowell to Butler, Jan. 18, 1848. =348=Pattridge to Miss W.,
July 21, 1847. Apuntes, 387. _Republicano_, Apr. 14, 1847. _Niles_,
May 8, 1847, p. 152. =212=Hastings, diary. Sen. 32; 31, 1 (Hughes,
mem., 43). =148=Chamberlain, recolls. =76=Aguirre, proclam., Aug. 27,
1847. =76=Canales to R. Uribe, Apr. 10. =76=Urrea, May 27. =76=Jefe
político, Saltillo, to ayunt., Sept. 28; Nov. 4.
Final action regarding the fine of $96,000 was made contingent on
the conduct of the people (Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 1139). General Mora,
commanding at San Luis Potosí, thought he could take advantage of a
small massacre perpetrated by Americans to score a point, but Taylor
disposed of him summarily (_ibid._, pp. 1138-41).
29.6. _Sun of Anahuac_, Aug. 25, 1847. Apuntes, 385-7. =73=Bermúdez
de Castro, no. 517, 1847. =350=Weber, recolls. Lerdo de Tejada,
Apuntes, ii, 579. Wise, Gringos (N. Y., 1849), 278, 281. _Picayune_,
Oct. 15; Dec. 19. Kenly, Md. Vol., 323. Oswandel, Notes, 153, 166,
215. =76=Mora, Apr. 23, 1847. =76=Rea, Nov. 14. Dublán, Legislación,
v, 284, 288. _Diario_, May 2, 10; June 27 (S. Anna, decree, June 26).
=76=Lombardini, May 27. =76=Guerra, circular, June 26.