1. There are three numbers; singular, dual, and plural. In
late Greek the dual is less frequent and except the numeral
δύο, does not occur in the New Testament. Bt. 74; Gl. 57;
Gn. 155; H.A. 123.
2. The five cases are the nominative, genitive (equals of,
or a possessive), dative (equals to, for, with), accusative
(equals English objective), vocative (as in direct address).
Bt 74; Gl. 59; Gn. 160; H.A. 123.
3 The o– declension (stems end in —o—).
Sing. Dual Plural
(rare in
late Greek)
Mas. Neut. Mas. and Neut. Mas. Neut.
Nom. —ος —ον —ω —οι —ᾰ
Gen. —ου —ου —οιν —ων —ων
Dat. —ῳ —ῳ —οιν —οις —οις
Acc. —ον —ον —ω —ους —ᾰ
Voc. —ε —ον —ω —οι —ᾰ
(or same as Nom.)
(1) Masculine nouns (and a few feminines) end in –ος in
Nom. Sing.: Neuters end in –ον.
(2) The stem of an —o— noun may be found by dropping the
case-ending and adding the stem vowel —o—. Bt. 76; Gl. 62;
Gn. 192; H.A. 133.