strongest and lustiest of our armie, to the number of fifty men and
seven colours. Before our settinge hence, we buried Captaine Arnolde
Baskerville, our serjant-major generall, a gallant gentleman. The first
daye we marched three leagues; the next, six leagues, where we came to
a greate house which the enemie had sett on fire, it beinge a place
where the kinge’s mules do use to lodge cominge from Panama to Nombre de
Dios with his treasure: it is the midway betwixt both places. The house
would receave five hundred horses. We had not marched fully a league on
Wednesday morninge, when we came to a place fortified upon the toppe of
an hill, which the enemie defended. We had noe other way to passe nor
noe means to make our approach but a very deepe lande, where but one
could passe at once, unles it were by clammeringe upon the bancks and
creepinge up the hill through the brakes, which some of our men did, and
came to the trees which they had plasshed to make theyr palizadoe, over
which they coulde not passe, the many bowes so hindered them. It was my
chance, clammeringe up the banckes to repaire to three musketters which
I had holpen up, to fall directly betwixt two of theyr places fortified,
cominge unto two paths by which they fetched their water, and givinge
presently upon them, the place being open, my small number found to goode
resistance, and I was driven to retire with the losse of these fewe.
Heere was the only place to beate them from theyr houlde, wherof I sent
the coronell worde, Captaine Poore and Bartlett and others repayringe to
me. I shewed them the path; we heard the enemie plasshinge and fellinge
of trees farre before us. The coronell sent for us to come unto him: he
debated with us what he foresaw before our cominge from Nombre de Dios,
and though he thought, in his oppinion, we should feare the enemie hence,
yet, havinge retreits upon retreits, they would kill our best men without
takinge little or any hurte themselves; and our men began to drop apace;
our powder and match were spoilde by much rain and waters which we had
passed, unles it were such as som of our souldiers had with more care
preserved. The provision for meate at our coming from Nombre de Dios was
seven or eight cakes of bisked or ruske for a man, which was eyther by
wette spoyled, or theyr greediness had devoured; so there remained to
fewe one daye’s bread; to most none at all. Our hurte men, as Captaine
Nicholas Baskerville and some other of accounte, we should be driven to
leave to the mercie of the enemie, unles they could houlde companie.
Before our cominge to Panama, had we beaten them from all these houlds,
which I think would have bin to dangerous for us to have attempted,
consideringe the estate we were in, we must have fought with them at a
bridge where they had intrenched themselves in a far greater number than
we were; and it is manifest, if we had not within three days gotten some
releife, we had bin overthrowen, though no enemie had fought against
us. But our stomacks callinge these, with other dangers, to his carefull
consideration, he resolved to retire, and so commanded us to cause the
slaine to be throwne out of sight, the hurte to be sent to the quarter
from whence we came that morninge, and the rest to be drawen away. Heere
were slaine Captaine Marchant, our quarter-master, with some other
officers, gentlemen, and souldiers. Upon our coming to the quarter, the
coronell took view of the hurte, and for such as could ride he procured
all the horses of the armie; for the other, he entreated the enemie to
entreate them kindly, as they expected the like from us towards theyrs,
of which we had a farre greater number.
On the seconde of January we returned to Nombre de Dios; our men so
wearied with the ilnes of the waye, sur-baited for want of shoes, and
weake with theyr diet, that it would have bin a poor dayes service that
we should have done upon an enimie had they been there to resist us.
I am persuaded that never armie, great or small, undertooke a march
through to unknown places so weakly provided and with so small means to
help themselves, unles it might be some few goinge covertly to do som
sodaine exploite before it were thought of by the enemie, and so returne
unspied; for, undoubtedly, two hundred men foreknowinge their intentions
and provided with all things necessarie, are able to breake or weaken the
greatest force that any prince in Christendome can bringe thither, if he
had place to finde more than we had. This marche had made many swere that
he will never venture to buy gould at such a price againe. I confesse
noble spiritts, desirous to do service to theyr prince and country, may
soon be persuaded to all hardnes and danger; but havinge once made tryall
therof, would be very loth, as I suppose, to carry any force that way
againe; for beholdinge it in many places, a man would judge it dangerous
for one man to passe alone, almost impossible for horses and an armie.
The daye that our generall had newes of our returne, he ment to way and
fall nearer to the river Chagree with the fleete, leavinge some few to
bringe us if we were enforced to retire, wherof hee little doubted. But
beinge beaten from the place where it appeered all his hopes rested
for gayninge to himselfe and others this masse of treasure which he
so confidently promised before, it was high time for him to devise of
some other course. Wherfore, on the fourth of January, he called us
to counsayle, and debated with us what was nowe to be done. All these
parties had notice long before of all our intentions, as it appeered by
letters written from the governor of Lima to the governor of Panama and
Numbre de Dios, givinge them advice to be carefull and to looke well to
themselves, for that Drake and Hawkins were makinge readie in England to
come upon them. Lima is distant from these places more than three hundred
leagues, all overlayed with snakes. It appeareth that they had good
intelligence. This made them to convey theyr treasure to places which
they resolved to defend with better force than we were able to attempt.
Like as upon the cominge of the sun, dewes and mistes begin to vanish,
so our blinded eyes began now to open, and wee founde that the glorious
speeches, of an hundred places that they knew in the Indies to make
us rich, was but a baite to drawe Her Majestie to give them honorable
employments and us to adventure our lives for theyr glory; for now cards
and mappes must bee our cheefest directors, hee beinge in these partes at
the furthest limit of his knowledge. There hee found out a place called
Laguna de Nichoragua, upon which standeth certaine townes, as Granada,
Leon, and others; also the bay of Honduras, a place knowne to be of
small wealth by itsealfe, unles it be brought thither to be imbarqued
for Spaine. He demanded which of those we would attempt; our coronell
saide, bothe, one after another, and all to little to content us if wee
tooke them. It was then resolved that we should first for the river, and
as matters fell out, for the other. Numbre de Dios, together with their
negroe towne were fyred; and we suncke and fyred fourteen small frigotts
which we founde in the rode. We gott here twenty barres of silver, with
som gould and certaine plate; more would have benne founde, had it bene
well sought; but our generall thought it folly to gather our harvest
graine by graine, beinge so likely at Panama to thrust our handes into
the whole heapes: and after our returne, beinge troubled in minde, hee
seemed little to regard any consayle that should be given him to that
purpose, but to hasten thence as fast as he might. This is a most wealthy
place, being setled upon a grounde full of camphyre, environed with hilly
woodes and mountaines, the bottom a dampish fen. Hence wee departed the
fifth, and held our course for Nichragua.
On the ninth we founde a very deepe and dangerous baye, playinge it
here up and downe: all men weary of the place. The tenth we descried a
small iland called Escudes, where we came to anchor: and here we tooke a
frygotte which was an advice of the kinge’s. By this we learned that the
townes standinge upon this lake, were of small wealth and very dangerous,
by reason of many shoals and greate roughes our mariners should have, it
beinge an hundred leagues: yet if the winde would have permitted, we had
assuredly put for them, and never returned to one halfe againe. Heere we
stayed, at a waste island where there was no reliefe but a few tortoyses
for such as could catch them, twelve days. This is counted the sickliest
place of the Indies; and heere died many of our men, victualls beginninge
to growe scarse with us. In the end, findinge the winde to continue
contrary, he resolved to departe, and to take the winde as God sent it.
So on the twenty-second we went hence, having there buried Captaine
Plott, Egerton, and divers others. I questioned with our generall, beinge
often private with him whilst we stayed heere, to see whether hee would
reveale unto mee any of his purposes; and I demanded of him, why hee so
often conjured me, beinge in England, to stay with him in these partes
as longe as himselfe, and where the place was. He answered me with
griefe, protestinge that hee was as ignorant of the Indies as mysealfe,
and that he never thought any place could be so changed, as it were from
a delitious and pleasant arbour into a wast and desarte wildernesse;
besides the variableness of the winde and weather, so stormie and
blusterous as hee never sawe it before. But hee most wondred that since
his cominge out of England he never sawe sayle worth givinge chace unto:
yet in the greatness of his minde, hee would, in the end, conclude with
these wordes: “It matters not, man; God hath many thinges in store for
us; and I knowe many means to do Her Majestie good service and to make
us riche, for we must have gould before wee see Englande”; when, goode
gentleman, (in my conceite) it fared with him as with some careles
livinge man who prodigally consumes his time, fondly perswadinge himselfe
that the nurse that fedde him in his childhood will likewise nourish him
in his ould age, and, finding the dugge dried and withered, enforced then
to behould his folly, tormented in mind, dieth with a starved bodie. Hee
had, beside his own adventure, gaged his owne reputation greatly, in
promisinge Her Majestie to do her honorable service, and to returne her
a very profitable adventure; and havinge sufficiently experienced, for
seven or eight years together, how hard it was to regain favour once ill
thought of, the mistresse of his fortune now leavinge him to yield to a
discontented minde. And since our returne from Panama he never caried
mirth nor joy in his face; yet no man hee loved must conjecture that
hee tooke thought thereof. But heere hee began to grow sickly. At this
iland we suncke a carvell which we brought out of England, puttinge her
men and victualls into a last taken frigott. From hence a great currante
setts towards the estward; by reason wherof, with the scant of winde
we had on Wednesday, beinge the twenty-eight, we came to Portabella,
which is within eight or nine leagues of Numbre de Dios. It was the best
harborough we came unto sence we left Plymouth.
This morninge, about seven of the clocke, Sir Francis died. The next day
Sir Thomas Baskerville caried him a league of, and buried him in the sea.
In this place, the inhabitants of Numbre de Dios meant to build a towne,
it beinge far more healthye than where they dwell. Heere they began a
forte which alreadie cost the kinge seven thousand purses, and a fewe
houses towards their town, which they called Civitas Sti. Philippi. Them
we fired, rasinge the fortification to the grounde. Heere we found, as in
other places, all abandoned; theyr ordinance cast into the sea, some of
which we founde, and caried aboard the Garland.
Our generalls beinge dead, most men’s heartes were bent to hasten for
England as soon as they might; but Sir Thomas Baskervile havinge the
comand of the armie by vertue of Her Majestie’s broad seale, endeavoured
to prevent the disseveringe of the fleet, and to that end, talked
with such as hee hearde intended to quite companie before they were
disembogued, and drew all companies to subscribe to certaine articles
signifyinge our purposes—viz., that puttinge hence, wee should turne
it backe to St. Tomarto[8] if the winde would suffer us, otherwise to
run over for Jamaica, where it was thought we should bee refreshed with
some victualls. Matters thus concluded, the Delight, the Elizabeth, and
our late taken frigotts were suncke. Many of the negro men and base
prisoners were here put on shore; and heere we wayed on Sunday the eighth
of February. Our victualls began to shorten apace, yet we had lyen a
longe time at very harde alowance,—four men each morninge one quarte
of beere and cake of biskett for diner, and for supper one quarte of
beere and two cakes of biskett and two cans of water, with a pinte of
pease or half a pinte of rise or somwhat more of oatemeale. This was
our allowance beinge at Portabella and six weekes before, but that we
had sometime stockfish. From thence there is a current that sets to the
eastward, by the helpe of which, on the fourteenth, wee had sight of an
iland shorte of Carthagena fifteen or sixteen leagues; further than this
wee could not go to the estward, for that the current had left us. The
fifteenth at night, it beinge faire weather, we lost sight of our fleete.
Heere as I grew discontented, knowinge it touched my poore regulation so
to leave the armie; and I had many thinges to perswade mee that it was
done of purpose by the captaine and master, therby gaininge an excuse
to departe; I shewed the captaine of the danger he should run into by
leavinge so honorable forces when they had neede of our companie: and God
knoweth that had I had but judgment which way to have cast for them, I
would rather have lost my life then so forsake the like. He deposed on
the bible, and Christianitie made me believe him. But playinge it up and
downe about twelve of the clocke, and discoveringe none of them, the wind
blew so contrary that the seamen affirmed by houldinge this course we
should be cast backe in the bay, and they perswaded that our fleete could
not attaine St. Tomarto, but were gone over for Jamaica, whither they
would follow then. I plainly forsaw that if we missed them there, it was
like that we should no more meete till we came to England, which would
have made me to perswade a longer search upon the maine; but my hope of
their beinge there, together with the weakness of our men and the small
meanes we had to retaine them, fearinge lest my delay might endanger Her
Majesties shippes and the whole companie, I yielded to theyr perswasions.
We were in ten degrees and a halfe when we put from hence, and we came
till the twenty-second, when we had sight of a very dangerous shoale
which our seamen thought they had passed neare two dayes before. If we
had fallen with it in the night we had bin all lost. The shoale is named
Secrana.
On Shrove Wensday, being the twenty-fourth, we fell with Jamaica, and
by meanes of a Mulatow and an Indian, we had, this night, forty bundles
of dried beife, which served our whole companie so many dayes. We came
to anchor at the westermost parte of the iland, in a faire, sandie
bay, where we watered, and stayed, in hope to have some newes of our
fleete, seven dayes. This, our stay, brought no intelligence, wherfore
our seamen thought that our fleet, not able to recover this place, were
fallen eyther with Cape Corantes or Cape St. Antoine[9]; these places we
ment to touch in our course; and hence we went the first of March. On
the sixth we sawe a shippe on the leaward of us, and the next morninge
we made her to be the Pegasine, one of our fleete, who, as they sayde,
lost the admirall neere the time as we did, beinge by the coronell sent
to the Susan Bonaventure, whom they left in greate distresse, by reason
of a lake they had taken, and I greatly feared, by theyr reporte, they
are perished. There were in her one hundred and thirty or one hundred
and forty persons, many gallant gentlemen and good men. If they perish,
this shippe shall repent it. Houldinge our course for these places, we
descried five sayles a stern of us. We stayed for them, and soone made
them to be none of our fleete; and we had good reason to perswade us they
were enimies. They had the winde of us, but we soone regained it upon
them, which made them, upon a peece of ordinance shott of by the greatest
shippe, tacke about; we tackt with them; when the captain of this shippe
faithfully protested unto me not to shoote a peece of ordinance till we
came boord and boorde, and then I promised him, with our small shot, to
win the greatest or lose our persons. This we might have done without
endangeringe Her Majestie’s shippes; but our enimie, playinge upon us
with theyr ordinance, made our gunners fall to it ere we were at musket
shot, and no nearer could I bringe them, though I had no hope to take
any of them but by boordinge. Heere we popt away powder and shott to
no purpose, for most of our gunners would hardly have stricken Paule’s
steeple had it stoode there. I am a yonge seaman, yet my small judgment
and knowledge makes me avowe, that never shippe of Her Majestie’s went
so vilely manned out of her kingdom; not twenty of them worthy to come
into her shippes; and I know not what had possessed the captaine, but
his mind was cleane altered, tellinge me that he had no authoritie to
lay any shippe aboorde, wherby he might endanger this, Her Majestie’s;
and they beinge, as he sayd, the kinge’s men of warre, they would rather
fire with us than be taken. Had I beene a marchant of her burden (God
favoringe me), they would have bin mine, as many as stoode to the tryall
of theyr fortune; but the paltrie Pegosie we lately met withall never
came neere us by a league, which was some colour to our men to give them
over. So after I had endeavored by mysealfe, my lewetenant and other
gentlemen, by perswasion, to worke the captaine resolutely to attempt
them, and findinge no disposition in him but to consume powder and shott
to no purpose, but firinge it in the ayer, I yielded to give them over,
perswadinge mysealfe that God had even ordained that we should not with
any nature attempt where we were resisted with never so weake forces.
Thus away we went, and the winde choppinge us southerly, our seamen held
that our fleete coulde neither ride at Corants nor at St. Antony, which
made me condescend to leave the Indies, with all her treasure, and to
plye the next course to disembogue,[10] for little hope was left me that
we should do Her Majestie any service, or good to our selves, when, upon
the feigned excuses of endangering her shippes which she sent forth
to fight if occasion were offered; and to perswade mysealfe that. Her
Majestie priseth not her ships deerer than the lives of so many faithful
subjects, who gladly would have ventured theyr lives, and upon no
brain-sick humour, but from a trew desire to do Her Highness some service
for the charge and adventure she had been at in this glorious spoken-of
jorney. Fortune’s child was dead, thinges would not fall into our
mouthes, nor riches be our portions, howe dearly soever we adventured for
them. Thus avoydinge Silla (after the proverbe), we felle into Charibdis,
and indeede we were not nowe farre from it.
Our master, a careful ould man, but not experienced upon these coastes,
rather followinge the advice of others than relienge on his owne
judgment, brought us, on the twelfth, three hours before daye, into
a very shallow water, upon a dangerous bancke, which some held to be
the Meltilettes, others for the Tortugas, eyther like enough to have
swallowed us, had not God blest us with fayre weather. Freinge ourselves
of this danger, upon Monday the fifteenth of March we entered the gulfe,
and by ten of the clocke we brought the Cape of Florida west of us. On
the seventeenth (the Lord be thanked) we were disembogued. After this, we
ran with most fowle weather and contrary windes till the first of May,
when we had soundinge in ninety fathoms, beinge in the Channell, and on
the third we had sight of Sylly; the which day, ere night, we came to
anchor, (the Lord be therefore praysed) 1596.
To give mine oppinion of the Indies, I verily think that filchinge men
of warre shall do more goode then such a fleete, if they have aine
forewarninge of theyr cominge. And unles Her Majestie will undertake so
royally as to dispossesse him of the landes of Porterico, Hispaniola, and
Cuba, her charge will be greater in sendinge thither, then the profitt
such a fleet can returne, for havinge but a fewe days warninge, it is
easy for them to convey theyr goods into assured safetie, as experience
hath taught us. Theyr townes they dare not redeeme, beinge enjoyned
the contrary by the kinge’s comandment. These places will be taken and
possessed by two thousand men; and by this Her Majestie might debarre the
kinge of Spain of his whole profitt of the Indies: and the first gaininge
them will return her a sufficient requittal for her adventure. God grant
I may live to see such an enterprise put in practise; and the kinge of
Spaine will speedily flye to what conditions of peace Her Majestie will
require.
Thus I have truly set down the whole discourse of our voyage, usinge
therin many idle wordes and ill-compared sentences. It was done on the
sea, which I thinke can alter any disposition. Your loves, I thinke, can
pardon these faltes, and secret them from the vewe of others.
The first of March the fleete fell with the Pinnas,[11] on the land of
Cuba, which day they had sight of the Spanish fleete by eleven of the
clocke; where Sir Thomas Baskervile gave directions for the fleete as
thus:—the Garland, being admirall, with one halfe of the fleete to have
the vanguard; the Hope, beinge vice-admirall, with the other halfe, the
rereward. The fight continued fiercely three hours within muskett shott.
That night they saw the Spanish Vice-admirall, a ship of seven hundred
tonne, burned, with other six lost and suncke by the next morninge, when
they departed. The Hope received a leake and was forced to go from the
fleete to an iland, called St. Crusado, inhabited by canniballs, where
they had store of hens and Indian wheate for nine weekes. March eighth,
the fleete shott the gulfe and came for England, leavinge Florida on the
starboard side; and when they came to the Inchanted Islands they were
dispersed, and came home one by one.
THOMAS MAYNARDE.
FOOTNOTES
[1] Influx of volunteers.
[2] Ensign (borrowed from the Arabic).
[3] Curaçoa.
[4] Aruba.
[5] The French _caches_, hiding places.
[6] Sta. Martha.
[7] Brasil wood, the produce of Pernambuco, or, as the name was
originally written, Fernandobuco.
[8] Santa Martha.
[9] C. Corrientes and C. St. Antonio, at the western extremity of Cuba.
[10] _Disembogue_ signifies here (as in p. 20, l. 22), to pass the
_Bocas_; to get clear of the narrow seas and enter the ocean.
[11] The Isla de Pinos.
RELACION
DE LO SUCEDIDO
EN SAN JUAN DE PUERTO RICO DE LAS YNDIAS,
CON LA ARMADA YNGLESA
DEL CARGO DE
FRANCIS DRAQUE Y JUAN AQUINES,
A LOS 23RD DE NOVIEMBRE DE
1595.
RELACION DE LO SUCEDIDO, ETC.
Aviendo salido de la Avana para Espana el general Sancho Pardo y Osorio
a los 10 de Março deste año, con la capitana de la flota de tierra
firme de su cargo, en conserva de la armada de don Franᵒ. Coloma, y
aviendose allado[1] en la tormenta que corrio desembocada de la canal
a los 15 del dho mes en altura de 28 grados y medio, sin arbol mayor,
rompido el timon, y la nao haciendo mucha agua, apartada de las demas,
imposibilitada de seguir su viage, para salvar las vidas de 300 personas
que en ella venian y dos millones de oro y plata de su Magestad y
particulares, con acuerdo y parecer del vehedor Martin Vomero de Caamaño
y de los pilotos y demas personas platicas que alli se allaron, aribo a
Puerto rico a donde bien milagrosamente llego a los 9 de April, y alli
desembarco y puso la Plata en la fortaleça de la ciudad. Luego el dho
general despacho a su Magestad primero y secundo aviso haciendoles saver
su ariba, para que mandase lo que hubiese de haçer, y parece que la
divina [providencia] permitio por secretos suyos que la orden, pudiendo
ser antes, llegare a tiempo que no solo aseguro la Plata sino esta tierra
y seria posible todas las Yndias, por lo que adelante se vera, aquien se
pueden dar muchas gratias.
Pocos dias despues de aver despachado los dhos avisos, los tuvo de su
Magestad el governador desta ysla Pedro Suares Coronel en que le aviso
en que en Yngalaterra se aprestava una gruesa armada para venir aganar
esta ysla en tiempo de embierno, por pareçer que entonçes estaria menos
apercevida. Entendidos por el general y el dho veedor los dhos avisos se
juntaron con el governador y con Franᵒ. Cid, capitan de la ynfanteria
deste presidio, y tratado y conferido las preventiones que se debian
haçer para seguridad de la tierra y Plata de su Magestad para que en caso
que el enemigo viniese no se apoderase de todo ello, fueron todos juntos
a reconecer los sitios y baraderos por donde el enemigo podia acometer
y echar gente en tierra, y que en las partes que al general le parecio,
mando plantar parte de la artilleria de su capitana y atravesar la nao
en la canal del puerto, para que quando viniese el enemigo, se echase a
fondo y sele çegase la entrada, pareciendo que por alli avia de acometer
y lo demas riesgo, y contener la gente en buena guarida; se estubo en
espera de la orden de su Magestad para hacer su viage.