[Sidenote: Rie.]
Darwent come at Wickham, it crosseth the Rie, which riseth of two heads,
and ioining west of Locton they run through Glansbie parke. Finallie,
[Sidenote: Costeie.]
receiuing the Costeie, it méeteth at the last with an other streame
increased by the fals of six waters and more yer it come into the
Darwent.
[Sidenote: Seuen.]
The most easterlie of these is called Seuen, and riseth (as is
aforesaid) in Blackemoore, from whence it goeth by Sinnington, Murton,
[Sidenote: Don or Done.]
Normanbie, Newsound, How, and so into the Rie. The second named Don hath
his originall likewise in Blackemoore, and descending by Rasmore, Keldon
[Sidenote: Hodgebecke.]
and Edston (where it receiueth the Hodgebecke, that commeth by Bernesdale,
Kirkedale, & Welburne) it goeth to Sawlton, and there taketh in first the
[Sidenote: Ricoll.]
Ricoll, that goeth by Careton, and whereof Ridall (as some think, but
[Sidenote: Fesse.]
falslie) doth séeme to take the name. Then Fesse, which riseth aboue
Bilisdale chappell, and méeteth with the Rie at the Shaking bridge, from
whence they go togither vnder the Rie bridge, to Riuis abbeie, and
thence (after it hath crossed a becke from the west) through a parke of
the earle of Rutlands to Newton, Muniton, and so to Sawton or Sawlton,
[Sidenote: Holbecke.]
as I doo find it written. Here also it taketh in the Holbecke brooke,
that commeth thither from by west by Gilling castell, and Stangraue,
from whence it goeth on to Brabie, next into the Seuen, then into the
Rie, and so into the Darwent, which from thence dooth run to Wickham.
Being past Wickham, it méeteth with a water that commeth thereinto from
Grinston to Setterington at southeast, and thence it goeth on to Malton
and Malton (where the prouerbe saith that a bushell of rie and an other
of malt is woorth but sixpence, carie awaie whilest you may, so as you
can kéepe them from running through the sackes) Sutton, Wellam, Furbie,
and Kirkeham, receiuing by the waie one rill on the one side and an
other on the other, whereof this commeth from Burdfall, that other from
Conisthorpe. From Kirkeham it goeth to Cramburne and Owsham bridge
(crossing by the waie an other brooke comming from saint Edwards gore,
by Faston) then to Aldbie, Buttercram (aliàs Butterham) bridge, Stamford
bridge, Kerbie bridge, Sutton, Ellerton, Aughton, Bubwith, Wresill,
Babthorpe, and so into the Ouze, wherewith I finish the description of
Darwent: sauing that I haue to let you vnderstand how Leland heard that
an arme ran some time from the head of Darwent also to Scarborow, till
such time as two hils betwixt which it ran, did shalder and so choke vp
his course.
[Sidenote: Fosse.]
The Fosse (a slow streame yet able to beare a good vessell) riseth in
Nemore Calaterio, that is, Galters wood or Cawood, among the wooddie
hilles, and in his descent from the higher ground, he leaueth Crake
castell, on his west side: thence he goeth by Marton abbeie, Marton,
Stillington, Farlington, Towthorpe, Erswijc, Huntington, & at Yorke into
[Sidenote: Kile.]
the Ouze. The Kile riseth flat north at Newborow, from whence it goeth
by Thorneton on the hill, Ruskell parke, Awne, Tollerton, and so into
[Sidenote: Swale.]
the Ouze about Newton vpon Ouze. The Swale is a right noble riuer, &
march in some places betwéene Richmondshire and Westmerland, it riseth
not far from Pendragon castell in the hilles aboue Kirkedale, and from
this towne it goeth to Kelde chappell, Carret house, Crackepot,
[Sidenote: Barneie.]
Whiteside, and neere vnto Yalen taketh in the Barneie water, which
commeth from the north east. Thence it goeth by Harcaside to Reth (where
[Sidenote: Arcleie.]
it méeteth with the Arcleie) and so to Flemington, Grinton, Marrike
[Sidenote: Holgate.]
(taking in the Holgate that commeth from by south: and in the waie to
[Sidenote: Mariske becke.]
Thorpe, the Mariske becke, or peraduenture Applegarth water, as Leland
calleth it, that descendeth from the north) then to Thorpe, Applegarth,
Richmond, Easbie and Brunton.
Here by north it interteineth two or thrée waters in one chanell, called
[Sidenote: Rauenswath.]
Rauenswath water, whereof the two furthest doo ioine not farre from the
Dawltons, and so go by Rauenswath, Hartfoorth, Gilling, and at Skebie
méet with the third, comming from Richmond beaconward. By west also of
[Sidenote: Rhe.]
Brunton, the Swale méeteth with the Rhe, running from Resdale, and being
past Brunton, it goeth to Caterijc bridge beneath Brunton, then to
Ellerton, Kirkebie, Langton parua, Thirtoft, Anderbie stéeple: and
[Sidenote: Bedall aliàs Leming.]
before it come vnto Gatenbie, it meeteth with the Bedall brooke, aliàs
Lemings becke, that commeth west of Kellirbie, by Cunstable, Burton,
Langthorpe, Bedall, and Leming chappell. From Gattenbie likewise it
[Sidenote: Wiske.]
goeth to Mawbie, & at Brakenbirie receiueth the Wiske, which is a great
water, rising betwéene two parkes aboue Swanbie in one place, and
southeast of Mountgrace abbeie in another; and after the confluence
which is about Siddlebridge, goeth on betwéene the Rughtons to Appleton,
the Smetons, Birtbie, Hutton Coniers, Danbie, Wijc, Yafford, Warlabie,
and taking in there a rill from Brunton Aluerton, it procéedeth to
Otterington, Newlie, Kirbie Wiske, Newson, and Blackenburie, there
méeting (as I said) with the Swale, that runneth fr[=o] thence by
Skipton bridge, Catton, Topcliffe, and Raniton, and aboue Eldmire
méeteth with sundrie other rilles in one bottome, whereof the
[Sidenote: Cawdebec.]
[Sidenote: Kebecke.]
northwesterlie is called Cawdebec: the south easterlie Kebecke, which
ioine est of Thorneton moore, and so go to Thorneton in the stréet,
Kiluington, Thruske, Sowerbie, Grastwijc, and soone after crossing
another growing of the mixture of the Willow, and likewise of the
[Sidenote: Cuckwolds becke.]
Cuckewold beckes, which ioine aboue Bridforth, and running on till it
come almost at Dawlton, it maketh confluence with the Swale, and go
thence as one with all their samons by Thorneton bridge, Mitton vpon
Swale, and so into the Ouze.
[Sidenote: Skell.]
The Skell riseth out of the west two miles from Founteines abbeie, and
commeth (as Leland saith) with a faire course by the one side of Rippon,
as the Vre dooth on the other. And on the bankes hereof stood the famous
abbeie called Founteines or Adfontes, so much renowmed for the lustie
monks that sometimes dwelled in the same. It receiueth also the Lauer
[Sidenote: Lauer.]
water (which riseth thrée miles from Kirbie, and meeteth withall néere
vnto Rippon) and finallie falleth into the Vre, a quarter of a mile
beneath Rippon towne, & almost midwaie betwéene the North and Huicke
bridges.
[Sidenote: Nidde.]
The Nidde, which the booke of statutes called Nidor (anno 13. Edw. 1.)
and thereto noteth it to be inriched with store of samon, as are also
the Wheof and Aire, riseth among those hilles that lie by west northwest
of Gnarresborow, fiue miles aboue Pakeleie bridge, and going in short
processe of time by Westhouses, Lodgehouses, Woodhall, Newhouses,
Midlesmore, Raunsgill, Cowthouse, Gowthwall, Bureleie, Brimham,
[Sidenote: Killingale.]
Hampeswale, and soone after méeting with the Killingale becke, it goeth
after the confluence by Bilton parke, Gnaresbridge, Washford, Cathall,
Willesthorpe, Munketon, or Nonmocke, and so into the Ouze, fouretéene
miles beneath Gnaresborow, being increased by the waie with verie few or
no waters of anie countenance. Leland hauing said thus much of the
Nidde, addeth herevnto the names of two other waters, that is to saie,
[Sidenote: Couer.]
[Sidenote: Burne.]
the Couer and the Burne, which doo fall likewise into the Vre or Ouze.
But as he saith little of the same, so among all my pamphlets, I can
gather no more of them, than that the first riseth six miles aboue
Couerham by west, and falleth into the Vre, a little beneath Middleham
bridge, which is two miles beneath the towne of Couerham. As for the
Burne, it riseth at More hilles, and falleth into the said riuer a
little beneath Massham bridge. And so much of these two.
[Sidenote: Wharfe aliàs Gwerfe.]
The Wharffe or Gwerfe ariseth aboue Vghtershaw, from whence it runneth
to Beggermons, Rosemill, Hubberham, Backden, Starbotton, Kettlewell,
Cunniston in Kettlewell, and here it meeteth with a rill comming from
Haltongill chappell, by Arnecliffe, and ioining withall northeast of
Kilneseie crag, it passeth ouer by the lower grounds to Girsington, and
receiuing a rill there also from Tresfeld parke, it proceedeth on to
Brunsall bridge. Furthermore at Appletréewijc, it méeteth with a rill
from by north, and thence goeth to Barden towre, Bolton, Beth and
Misleie hall, where it crosseth a rill comming from by west, thence to
Addingham, taking in there also another from by west, and so to Ikeleie,
and receiuing yer long another by north from Denton hall, it hasteth to
Weston Vauasour, Oteleie, and Letheleie, where it taketh in the Padside,
& the Washburne (both in one streame from Lindleie ward) and thence to
Casleie chappell, and there it crosseth one from by north, and another
yer long from by south, and so to Yardwood castell, Kerebie, Woodhall,
Collingham, Linton, Wetherbie, Thorpatch, Newton, Tadcaster, and when it
[Sidenote: Cockebecke.]
hath receiued the Cockebecke from southwest, that goeth by Barwie,
Aberfoorth, Leadhall, and Grimston, it runneth to Exton, Kirbie Wharfe,
Vskell, Rither, Nunapleton, & so into the Ouze beneath Cawood, a castell
belonging to the archbishop of Yorke, where he vseth oft to lie when he
refresheth himselfe with change of aire and shift of habitation, for the
auoiding of such infection as may otherwise ingender by his long abode
in one place, for want of due purgation and airing of his house.
[Sidenote: Air.]
The Air or Arre riseth out of a lake or tarne south of Darnbrooke,
wherein (as I heare) is none other fish but red trowt, and perch. Leland
saith it riseth néere vnto Orton in Crauen, wherfore the ods is but
little. It goeth therefore from thence to Mawlam, Hamlith, Kirbie,
Moldale, Calton hall, Areton, and so foorth till it come almost to
[Sidenote: Otterburne.]
Gargraue, there crossing the Otterburne water on the west, and the
[Sidenote: Winterburne.]
Winterburne on the north, which at Flasbie receiueth a rill from Helton,
as I heare. Being past Gargraue, our Air goeth on to Eshton, Elswood,
and so foorth on, first receiuing a brooke from southwest (whereof one
branch commeth by Marton, the other by Thorneton, which meete about
Broughton) then another from northeast, that runneth by Skipton castell.
After this confluence it hasteth by manifold windlesses, which caused
thirteene bridges at the last to be ouer the same within a little space,
to Newbiggin, Bradleie, and Kildwijc, by south east whereof it méeteth
[Sidenote: Glike.]
with one water from Mawsis, and Glusburne or Glukesburne, called Glike;
another likewise a little beneath from Seton, beside two rilles from by
north, after which confluence it runneth by Reddlesden, and ouer against
[Sidenote: Lacocke.]
[Sidenote: Woorth.]
this towne the Lacocke and the Woorth doo meet withall in one chanell,
[Sidenote: Moreton.]
as the Moreton water dooth on the north, although it be somewhat lower.
Thence it goeth to Rishfoorth hall, and so to Bungleie, where it taketh
a rill from Denholme parke to Shipeleie, and there crossing another from
Thorneton, Leuenthorpe, and Bradleie, it goeth to Caluerleie, to
Christall, and so to Léedes, where one water runneth thereinto by north
from Wettlewood, & two other from by south in one chanell, wherof the
first hath two armes, of which the one commeth from Pudseie chappell,
the other from Adwalton, their confluence being made aboue Farnesleie
hall. The other likewise hath two heads, whereof one is aboue Morleie,
the other commeth from Domingleie, and méeting with the first not far
southwest of Leedes, they fall both into the Air, and so run with the
[Sidenote: Rodwell.]
same to Swillington, and there taking in the Rodwell becke south of the
bridge, it proceedeth to Ollerton, Castleford, Brotherton & Ferribridge,
[Sidenote: Went.]
there receiuing the Went, a becke from Pontefract or Pomfret, which
riseth of diuerse heads, wherof one is among the cole pits. Thence to
Beall, Berkin, Kellington, middle Hodleseie, Templehirst, Gowldall,
Snath, Rawcliffe, Newland, Armie, and so into the Ouze with an
indifferent course. Of all the riuers in the north, Leland (in so manie
of his bookes as I haue séene) saith least of this. Mine annotations
also are verie slender in the particular waters wherbie it is increased:
wherfore I was compelled of necessitie to conclude euen thus with the
description of the same, and had so left it in déed, if I had not
receiued one other note more to ad vnto it (euen when the leafe was at
the presse) which saith as followeth in maner word for word.
There is a noble water that falleth into Air, whose head (as I take it)
is about Stanford. From whence it goeth to Creston chappell, to
Lingfield, and there about receiuing one rill néere Elfrabright bridge,
[Sidenote: Hebden.]
and also the Hebden by northwest, it goeth to Brearleie hall, and so
taking in the third by north, it procéedeth on eastward by Sorsbie
bridge chappell (and there a rill from southwest) and so to Coppeleie
hall. Beneath this place I find also that it receiueth one rill from
Hallifax, which riseth from two heads, and two other from southwest, of
which one commeth by Baresland, and Staneland in one chanell, as I read.
So that after this confluence the aforesaid water goeth on toward
Cowford bridge, and as it taketh in two rilles aboue the same on the
north side, so beneath that bridge there falleth into it a pretie arme
increased by sundrie waters c[=o]ming from by south, as from Marsheden
chappell, from Holmesworth chappell, and Kirke Heton, each one growing
of sundrie heads; whereof I would saie more, if I had more intelligence
of their seuerall gates and passages.
But to procéed. From Cowford bridge it runneth to Munfeld, and receiuing
yer long one rill from Leuersage hall, and another from Burshall by
Dewesburie, it goeth on northeast of Thornehull, south of Horbirie
thornes, and thereabout crossing one rill from by south from Woller by
new Milner Dam, and soone after another from northwest, called Chald,
[Sidenote: Chald.]
rising in the Peke hils, whereon Wakefield standeth, and likewise the
third from southeast, and Waterton hall, it goeth by Warmefield,
Newland, Altoftes, and finallie into the Aire, west of Castelworth, as I
learne. What the name of this riuer should be as yet I heare not, and
therefore no maruell that I doo not set it downe, yet is it certeine
that it is called Chald, after his c[=o]fluence with the Chald, and
finallie Chaldair or Chaldar after it hath ioined with the Air or Ar.
But what is this for his denominations from the head? It shall suffice
therefore thus farre to haue shewed the course thereof: and as for the
name I passe it ouer vntill another time.
[Sidenote: Trent.]
The Trent is one of the most excellent riuers in the land, not onelie
for store of samon, sturgeon, and sundrie other kinds of delicate fish
wherewith it dooth abound, but also for that it is increased with so
manie waters, as for that onelie cause it may be compared either with
the Ouze or Sauerne, I meane the second Ouze, whose course I haue
latelie described. It riseth of two heads which ioine beneath Norton in
the moore, and from thence goeth to Hilton abbeie, Bucknell church, and
[Sidenote: Foulebrooke.]
aboue Stoke receiueth in the Foulebrooke water, which commeth thither
from Tunstall, by Shelton, and finallie making a confluence they go to
Hanfleet, where they méet with another on the same side, that descendeth
from Newcastell vnder Line, which Leland taketh to be the verie Trent it
selfe, saieng: that it riseth in the hils aboue Newcastell, as may be
séene by his commentaries.
But to proceed. At Trentham, or not farre from thence, it crosseth a
riueret from northeast, whose name I know not, & thence going to Stone
Aston, Stoke Burston, the Sandons and Weston, a little aboue Shubburne &
Hawood, it receiueth the Sow, a great chanell increased with sundrie
waters, which I will here describe, leauing the Trent at Shubburne,
[Sidenote: Sow.]
till I come backe againe. The Sow descendeth from the hilles, aboue
Whitemoore chappell, and goeth by Charleton, and Stawne, and beneath
Shalford ioineth with another by northeast that commeth from bishops
Offeleie, Egleshall, Chesbie, Raunton. After this confluence also it
runneth by Bridgeford, Tillington, & Stafford, beneath which towne
[Sidenote: Penke.]
it crosseth the Penke becke, that riseth aboue Nigleton, & Berwood, &
aboue Penke bridge vniteth it selfe with another comming from Knightleie
ward, by Gnashall church, Eaton: and so going foorth as one, it is not
long yer they fall into Sow, after they haue passed Draiton, Dunstan,
Acton, and Banswich, where loosing their names, they with the Sow & the
Sow with them doo ioine with the Trent, at Shubburne, vpon the
southerlie banke.
From Shubburne the Trent goeth on to little Harwood (meeting by the waie
one rill at Ousleie bridge, and another south of Riddlesleie) thence by
Hawksberie, Mauestane, Ridware, and so toward Yoxhall; where I must
staie a while to consider of other waters, wherewith I méet in this
voiage. Of these therefore the lesser commeth in by south from Farwall,
the other from by west, a faire streame, and increased with two brooks,
whereof the first riseth in Nedewood forrest, northeast of Haggersleie
[Sidenote: Blith.]
parke, whereinto falleth another west of Hamsteed Ridware, called Blith,
which riseth among the hilles in Whateleie moore, aboue Weston Conie,
and thence going to the same towne, it commeth to Druicote, aliàs
Dracote, Painsleie, Gratwitch, Grimleie, Aldmaston, Hamstéed, Ridware,
and finallie into the Trent, directlie west of Yoxhall, which runneth
also from thence, & leauing kings Bromleie in a parke (as I take it) on
the left hand, and the Blacke water comming from Southton and Lichfield
on the right, goeth streightwaie to Catton, where it méeteth with the
[Sidenote: Tame.]
Tame, whose course I describe as followeth.
It riseth in Staffordshire (as I remember) not farre from Petteshall,
and goeth foorth by Hamsted, toward Pirihall and Brimichams Aston,
taking in by the waie a rill on each side, whereof the first groweth
through a confluence of two waters, the one of them comming from Tipton,
the other from Aldburie, and so running as one by Wedburie till they
fall into the same. The latter commeth from Woolfhall, and ioineth with
it on the left hand. After this, and when it is past the aforesaid
places, it crosseth in like sort a rill from Smethike ward: thence it
[Sidenote: Rhée.]
goeth to Yarneton hall, beneath which it méeteth with the Rhée, and
thence through the parke, at Parke hall by Watercote, crossing finallie
[Sidenote: Cole.]
the Cole, whose head is in the forrest by Kingesnorton wood, and hath
this course, whereof I now giue notice. It riseth (as I said) in the
forrest by Kingesnorton wood, and going by Yareleie and Kingeshirst, it
méeteth betwéene that and the parke, with a water running betwéene
Helmedon and Sheldon.
Thence it passeth on to Coleshull, by east whereof it ioineth with a
[Sidenote: Blith.]
brooke, mounting southwest of Golihull called Blith, which going by
Henwood and Barston, crosseth on ech side of Temple Balshall, a rill,
whereof one commeth through the Quéenes parke or chase that lieth by
west of Kenelworth, & the other by Kenelworth castell it selfe, from
about Haselie parke. After which confluences it procéedeth in like maner
to Hampton in Arden, and the Packingtons, and so to Coleshull, where it
méeteth with the Cole, that going a little further, vniteth it selfe
[Sidenote: Burne.]
with the Burne on the one side (whereinto runneth a water comming from
Ansleie on the east) and soone after on the other dooth fall into the
[Sidenote: Rhée.]
Tame, that which some call the Rhée, a common name to all waters that
mooue and run from their head. For [Greek: reo] in Gréeke is to flow and
run, although in truth it is proper to the sea onelie to flow. Leland
nameth the Brimicham water, whose head (as I heare) is aboue Norffield,
so that his course shuld be by Kingesnorton, Bremicham, Budston hall,
till it fall beneath Yarneton into the Tame it selfe, that runneth after
these confluences on by Lée, Kingesbirie parke, and going by east of
Draiton, Basset parke, to Falkesleie bridge, it méeteth with another
water called Burne, also comming from Hammerwich church, by Chesterford,
Shenton, Thickebrowne, and the north side of Draiton, Basset parke,
wherof I spake before. From hence our Tame runneth on to Tamworth, there
taking in the Anchor by east, whose description I had in this maner
deliuered vnto me.
It riseth aboue Burton, from whence it goeth by Nonneaton, Witherleie
and Atherstone. Yer long also it taketh in a water from northeast, which
commeth by Huglescote, Shapton, Cunston, Twicrosse (vniting it selfe
[Sidenote: Anchor.]
with a water from Bosworth) Ratcliffe, & so to the Anchor, which after
this confluence passeth by Whittendon, Crindon, Pollesworth, Armington,
Tamworth, & so into Tame, that hasteth to Hopwash, Comberford hall,
Telford, and soone after crossing a rill that riseth short of Swinfield
hall, and commeth by Festirike, it runneth not farre from Croxhall, and
so to Catton, thereabout receiuing his last increase not worthie to be
[Sidenote: Mese.]
omitted. This brooke is named Mese, and it riseth in the great parke
that lieth betwéene Worthington, and Smethike, from whence also it goeth
by Ashbie de la Souche, Packington, Mesham, and Stretton, and therabout
crossing a rill about Nethersale grange, from Ouersale by east, it
proceedeth by Chilcote, Clifton, Croxall, into the Thame, and both out
of hand into the maine riuer a mile aboue Repton. Leland writing of this
riuer (as I earst noted) saith thereof in this wise. Into the Thame also
runneth the Bremicham brooke, which riseth foure or fiue miles about
Bremicham in the Blacke hils in Worcestershire, and goeth into the
aforesaid water a mile aboue Crudworth bridge. Certes (saith he) this
Bremicham is a towne mainteined chieflie by smiths, nailers, cutlers,
edgetoole forgers, lorimers or bitmakers, which haue their iron out of
Stafford and Warwijc shires, and coles also out of the first countie.
Hitherto Leland. Now to resume the Trent, which being growen to some
greatnesse, goeth on to Walton, Drakelow, and there crossing a water
that commeth by Newbold hall, it runneth to Stapenell, Winshull,
Wightmere, and Newton Souch, where it receiueth two chanels within a
short space, to be described apart.
[Sidenote: Dou.]
The first of these is called the Dou or Doue, it riseth about the thrée
shires méere, and is as it were limes betweene Stafford and Darbishires,
vntill it come at the Trent. Descending therefore from the head, it
goeth by Earlesbooth, Pilsburie grange, Hartington, Wolscot, Eaton,
[Sidenote: Manifold.]
Hunsington grange, and aboue Thorpe receiueth the Manifold water, so
called, bicause of the sundrie crinckling rills that it receiueth, and
turnagaines that it selfe sheweth before it come at the Dou. Rising
therefore not farre from Axe edge crosse (in the bottome thereby) it
runneth from thence to Longmore, Shéene, Warslow chappell, and Welton.