98. An infinitive may be substantively used with "anstataux" to express
substitution, with "por" to express purpose (Cf. Old English "But what
went ye out for to see," Matt. xi, 8), and with "antaux ol" to express
anticipation. It is usually translated by the English infinitive in
"-ing":
Anstataux resti li foriris, instead of staying he went away.
Vi malhelpas anstataux helpi min, you hinder instead of helping me.
Ni venis por helpi vin, we came to help (in order to help) you.
Mi estas preta por iri merkredon,
I am ready to go (for going) Wednesday.
Li havos tro multe por fari, he will have too much to do.
Mi laboros antaux ol ripozi, I shall work before resting.
Antaux ol foriri, li dankis min, before going away, he thanked me.
Dio faris la mondon antaux ol doni gxin al la sezonoj,
God made the world before giving it to the seasons.
[Footnote: "Substantive" is the general name for nouns and pronouns,
that is, for words which indicate persons, things, etc., and may be used
as subject or object of a verb, complement of a preposition, etc.]
[Footnote: The infinitive may be used with "antaux ol" if its subject
is the same as the subject of the main verb. Otherwise the construction
explained in (97) must be used.]