Henry IV., 276;
quarrels with him, 278, 279;
submits, 280;
escapes, 281;
killed at Bramham, 282
Percy, Thomas, brother of the first Earl, made Earl of Worcester, 252
Percy, Hotspur, son of the first Earl, his marriage, 279;
killed, 280
Percy, second Earl, reinstated, 288;
killed at St. Albans, 323
Percy, Lord Egremont, son of the second Earl, fighting with the
Nevilles, 321, 323
Percy, third Earl, killed at Towton, 329
Peter des Roches, Justiciary, 135;
his character and policy, charges Hubert with treason, 144;
retires to the crusades, 146;
returns, causes Hubert’s fall, 148;
his rule, 149;
his fall, 150
Peter of Savoy, uncle of Queen Eleanor, his possessions, 151;
joins her army, 164
Peter de Aigue Blanche, Bishop of Hereford, 151;
envoy to Rome, 158;
attacked by Llewellyn, 162;
joins Eleanor’s army, 164
Peter III., of Aragon, conquers Sicily, 177.
Peter’s Pence, begun by Æthelwulf, 6;
paid by William I., 50;
collected in Ireland, 102
Philip I., jealous of William I., 53;
assists Robert, 54, 59;
jealous of William II., 60
Philip II., makes peace with Henry II., 110;
claims the guardianship of Arthur, meets Henry at Gisors, 111;
declares war, 112;
goes on a crusade with Richard I., 116;
called the Lamb in Sicily, 117;
quarrels with Richard, 118;
befriends Conrad, 119;
withdraws from the Crusade, 120;
invades Richard’s dominions, 122;
tries to prolong Richard’s imprisonment, 123;
general alliance against him, 124;
helps Arthur against John, 126;
makes treaty with John, 127;
war with John, 128;
takes Normandy, 129;
league against him, 133;
victory at Bouvines, 136;
dies, 145
Philip IV., his likeness to Edward I., 173;
quarrels with him, 184;
alliance with the Scotch, 185;
abolishes the Templars, 199
Philip VI., his quarrel with Edward III., 218;
asks David II. to attack Edward, 228;
dies, 229
Philip of Swabia, Emperor of Germany, 127;
makes peace with the Pope, 131;
assassinated, 132
Philip of Burgundy. [See Burgundy.]
Philippa, wife of Edward III., saves the lives of the men of
Calais, 228
Piers Ploughman, Vision of, 273
Pole, Michael de la, advises retreat from Scotland, 246;
made Earl of Suffolk, dismissed, 247;
impeached, 248
Pole, William de la, in command at the siege of Orleans, 307;
taken prisoner, 310;
arranges the marriage of Henry VI., 316;
made Marquis of Suffolk, 317;
chief Minister, unpopularity of, 318;
murdered, 319
Pole, John de la, marries sister of Edward IV., 347
Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln, declared heir, 347
Police, the early system of, 35;
systematized at the Conquest, 37;
strictness of William I.’s, 39;
of Henry I., 73, 74
Pope, Adrian IV. the only English one, 90;
grants Ireland to Henry II., 91
Alexander III. [See Alexander III.]
Alexander IV., extorts money for Sicilian war, 158;
absolves Henry III. from his vow, 161
Boniface VIII., his claim on Scotland, 191
Boniface IX., grants Provisors, 250
Calixtus II., mediates a treaty between Henry I. and Louis VI., 68
Celestine III., excommunicates Longchamp’s enemies, 122
Clement III., raised by Henry IV. of Germany, 60
Clement IV., excommunicates the Barons, 164
Clement VI., attempts arbitration, 223
Gregory VII., supports William I., 25;
revives the Papacy, 49;
demands homage and Peter’s Pence, 50;
friendly relations with England, 60
Gregory IX., his extortions, 147
Gregory XI., restores the Papacy to Rome, 245
Honorius III., his character, 147
Innocent III., decides the election at Canterbury, 130;
consecrates Langton, 131;
his interdict and excommunication, 131;
declares John’s crown forfeited, 134;
his tyranny in England, 135;
disallows Magna Charta, 139;
dies, 140
Innocent IV., his exactions, 154;
offers Sicily to Edmund, 157
John XXII., mediates between Edward II. and the barons, 205
Victor III., acknowledged in England, 61
Victor IV., acknowledged in Germany, 94
Popes, position as arbitrators, 222, 223
Powys, granted to Montgomery, 59
Præmunire, Statute of, 250, 266;
writ of, used against Beaufort, 312
Privy Council, origin of, 107
Provisions of Oxford, 159
Provisors, Statute of, 250, 265
Purveyance, misery caused by, 73;
restrained by Henry I., 74;
restricted by Magna Charta, 139;
checked by the Statute of Stamford, 200;
exacted by the royal Princes, 215;
complained of, 245
Ralph of Gwader, son of Ralph the Staller, Earl of Norfolk, conspires
against William I., 52;
flies to Brittany, 53
Ralph Flambard, Justiciary, his cruelties, 57;
arrested by Henry I., 64;
escapes to Normandy, 64
Ranulf, Earl of Chester, fights against Wales, 78;
joins Matilda, 83
Ratcliffe, favourite of Richard III., 342, 345, 347
Raymond of Toulouse, quarrels with Richard, 112;
marries Joanna, 124;
revenge for injury done him, 133
Reeve, his office, 31;
his duties, 32
Renaissance, its effects, 338, 353
Réné, Duke of Bar, 316
Representation, not understood in Saxon times, 34;
used in making the Domesday Book, 55;
used in inquiries for financial purposes, 125;
first used in Parliament, 165;
principle established, 172, 193, 194
Revenue. [See Taxes.]
Richard I., engaged to Berengaria, 93;
joins the Great Rebellion against his father, 104;
pardoned, 105;
his success in Aquitaine excites Prince Henry’s envy, 110;
his war with him, 111;
attacks Raymond of Toulouse, joins Philip II. against Henry II.,
receives his father’s submission, 112;
gets absolution, is crowned, 115;
sells all offices in the Kingdom, and goes on a crusade, 116;
his quarrels in Sicily, 117;
conquers Cyprus, marries Berengaria, 118;
takes Acre, 120;
relieves Joppa, makes a truce with Saladin, 121;
imprisoned in Germany, 122;
does homage to Henry VI., returns to England, 123;
his wars with Philip, his death, 124;
his heavy taxation, 125;
names John as his successor, 126
Richard II., made heir-apparent, 240;
his interview with Wat Tyler, 244;
his favourites, 247;
his character, 248;
assumes authority, 249;
his expedition to Ireland, 250;
his marriage, 251;
his vengeance, 252;
his despotism, 253;
deposed, 254;
death, 277
Richard III., murder of Henry VI. imputed to him, 336;
his quarrel with Clarence, 336;
captures Edward V., 342;
secures the crown, 343;
his unpopularity, 345;
his energy, 346;
death of his son, 347;
killed at battle of Bosworth, 348;
his character, 349
Richard, Prior of Dover, succeeds Becket as Archbishop of
Canterbury, 105
Richard, brother of Henry III., Count of Poitou, quarrels with
De Burgh, 146;
his patriotic efforts, goes on a Crusade, 152;
marries Sancha, 154;
refuses the Sicilies, 157;
elected King of the Romans, 158;
joins Henry against the Barons, 162;
taken prisoner at the battle of Lewes, 163
Richard, Earl of Cambridge, son of Edward III.’s son Edmund, his
conspiracy, executed, 292
Richard of York, son of the Earl of Cambridge, in command of the war
in France, 314, 315;
leader of the Plantagenet Princes, 317;
concerned in Suffolk’s death, 319;
appears in arms, 320;
duped into submission, 321;
President of the Council, 322;
victory at St. Albans, 323;
Protector, deposed, 324;
returns from Ireland, 325;
claims the throne, 326;
beheaded after Wakefield, 327
Richard, son of Edward IV., in sanctuary, 342;
given up to Richard, 343;
murdered, 345
Ridel, Godfrey, Becket’s enemy, made Bishop of Ely, 105
Rivaux, Treasurer, 148;
obtains confiscated property, 150
Rivers. [See Woodville.]
Robert, brother of William I., fights at Hastings, 27;
made Earl of Cornwall, 45;
opposes William II., 57;
banished, taken prisoner at Tenchebray, 66
Robert de Comines, Earl of Northumberland, murdered, 46
Robert, son of William I., Governor of Maine, 52;
does homage for it to Philip I., 53;
his rebellion and reconciliation with his father at Gerberoi, his
expedition against Scotland, 54;
Normandy bequeathed to him, 56;
his character excites feudal anarchy, 57;
makes Treaty of Caen with William II., 58;
goes on a Crusade, pledging Normandy to William, 59;
claims the throne of England, surrenders to Henry I., 65;
taken prisoner at Tenchebray, 66
Robert of Rhuddlan, his wars with Wales, 51
Robert of Flanders, supports William Clito, killed, 68
Robert of Bathenton, rebels against Stephen, 79
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry I., swears fealty
to Matilda, 69;
suppresses Gryffith’s insurrection, 70;
one of the three remaining Earls, renounces his fealty to
Stephen, 80;
his power in the West, 81;
brings Matilda to England, 82;
takes Stephen prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, 83;
taken prisoner, exchanged for Stephen, 84;
dies, his character, 85
Robert of Artois, persuades Edward III. to the war with France, 218
Robert of Gloucester, translated Layamon, 271
Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, punishes false coiners, 74;
organizes the Exchequer Court, 75;
power of his family, 81;
arrested, 81;
dies, 82
Rotheram, Archbishop of York, Chancellor, 341;
deposed, 342
Rouen, siege of, 299;
loss of, 319
Russell, Chancellor, 342, 346
Rutland, made Earl of Albemarle, 252;
title removed, 276;
conspires against Henry IV., 277
Sac and Soc, explained, 33;
benefit of, 76
Saladin, his power in the East, 111;
greatness of his empire, takes Jerusalem, 119;
his truce with Richard, 121
Saladin tax, imposed by Henry II., 111
Salisbury, Earl of, conspires against Henry IV., beheaded, 277
Salisbury, commanding at Orleans, 307
Salisbury. [See Neville.]
Sanctuary, effects of taking, 149
Say, minister under Suffolk, 318;
executed, 320
Scotland, does fealty to Eadward the Elder, 10;
to Æthelstan, 11;
rebels, and defeated at Brunanburh, 11;
the Lothians added to it, 14;
submits to Cnut, 20;
does homage to William I., 46;
invades England, 51;
the Lowlands anglicized, 52;
war with William II., 58;
does homage for Huntingdon to Henry II., 90, 91;
does homage to Henry II., 105;
repurchases its independence from Richard I., 116;
does homage to John, 128, 132;
peace and marriage treaty with Henry III., 143;
its relations with England, 180;
extinction of the royal family, 181;
rival claimants, 182;
Balliol made king, 183;
conquered by Edward I., 186;
Wallace’s rebellion, 189, 190;
reconquered by Edward I., 191;
Bruce’s rebellion, 192;
invaded by Edward II., 198, 200;
battle of Bannockburn, 203;
truce with England, 206;
Bruce acknowledged king by Edward II., 208;
war with Edward III., 214;
Edward Balliol’s invasion, 216;
does fealty to Edward III., 217;
David Bruce’s invasion, 228;
Edward III.’s “Burnt Candlemas,” 231;
peace with England, 232;
war with Richard II., 246;
refuses homage to Henry IV., 278;
imprisonment of James II., 281;
released, 304;
murdered, 315;
truce with England, 316;
independent spirit of, 339;
truce with, 347
Scrope, William, made Earl of Wiltshire, 252
Scrope, Henry of Masham (nephew of the Earl), his conspiracy with
Cambridge, executed, 292
Scrope, Archbishop of York, his conspiracy with Mowbray, executed, 281
Scutage, first instance of, 91;
second, 93;
reason for, 109;
explained, 113;
demanded by John, 136;
restricted by Magna Charta, 138;
demanded by Henry III., 148
Sheriff, his duties, 32;
untrustworthy, 75;
court of, 76;
peculation of, 106;
restrained by Magna Charta, 139
Shire, origin of, 31, 32
Sibylla, wife of Robert of Normandy, 65
Sicily, Richard I. and Philip in, 117;
genealogy of the kings of, 125;
Papal efforts to drive the Hohenstaufen from, 156;
accepted by Edmund, son of Henry III., 157;
renounced by the council, 161;
given to Charles of Anjou, 168;
conquered by Aragon, 177
Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, succeeds Dunstan, 16
Sigismund, visit of, 297
Simon de Montfort, his ancestors, marriage, goes on a crusade, 152;
his government of Gascony, 156;
quarrel with Valence, 158;
surrenders his castles, 160;
quarrels with Gloucester, 161;
chief of the baronial party, 162;
wins the battle of Lewes, 163;
his rule, 164;
his parliament, 165;
killed at Evesham, his property confiscated, 167;
the people’s love for him, 169
Siward, Earl of Northumberland, assists Edward against Godwine, 22;
mentioned in Macbeth, 23
Slaves, causes of bondage, 29;
at the Conquest, 35;
English slaves in Scotland, 52;
forbidden by the Church, 71
Soken, meaning of, 33
Sokmen, 35
Somerset, John, Lieutenant-General in France, 316;
commits suicide, 319
Somerset, Edmund, succeeds him in France, 319;
returns, triumphs over York, 321;
killed at St. Albans, 323
Somerset, Henry, in power, 324;
flies to Scotland, joins Edward IV., rejoins Henry VI., killed at
Hexham, 329
Stafford, Henry, second Duke of Buckingham, marries Catherine
Woodville, 331;
head of the old nobility, 341;
supports Richard III., 342;
joins Henry Tudor, 345;
executed, 346
Stafford, Sir Humphrey, defeated by Jack Cade, 320, (distant relation
of the Duke’s)
Stafford, Humphrey (cousin of Sir Humphrey), Earl of Devonshire,
defeated, 332
Stafford, Sir Humphrey, prevents Buckingham from joining Henry
Tudor, 346
Stanley, one of the new nobility, 341;
apprehended, 343;
made constable, 344;
marries Margaret of Richmond, 347;
joins Henry Tudor, 348
St. Brice, massacre of, 17
Staple, Calais a staple town, 228;
origin of, 257;
rearranged by Edward IV., 330
Statutes--
Of Carlisle, 265
De Donis conditionalibus, 196
De Hæretico comburendo, 276, 285
Of Labourers, 267
De Mercatoribus, 258
Of Mortmain, 175, 196
Of Præmunire, 250, 266
Of Provisors, 250, 265
Quia Emptores, 194, 196, 264
Of Stamford, 200
De Tallagio, 188
Of Wales, 176
Of Westminster, 174, 193, 195, 200
Of Winchester, 177, 195
Stephen, second son of Stephen of Blois and Adela, daughter of
William I., swears fealty to Matilda, 69;
secures the throne, 77;
his character, 78;
goes to Normandy, purchases peace with Anjou, 79;
makes peace with Scotland, grants castles, and creates earldoms, 80;
by mercenaries defeats Gloucester’s insurrection, 81;
offends the Church, 81, 82;
taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, 83;
released in exchange for Gloucester, defeated at Wilton, 84;
deserted by many of his nobles and by the Pope, 85;
accepts Henry as his heir, dies, misery caused by his weakness, 86
Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, 23;
does not receive the Pallium from the Pope, 36, 49;
William I. will not be crowned by, seeks his ruin, 42;
is deposed, 48
Stratford, John of, made Chancellor, 216;
his quarrel with Edward III., 221
Strathclyde, its extent, 3;
peopled by Danes, 8;
does fealty to Eadward, 10;
Eadmund grants part of it to Scotland, 12
Suffolk. [See Pole.]
Swegen, or Swend, son of King of Denmark, invades England, 16;
his sister massacred, 17;
his great invasion, made King of England, 18
Swend, King of Denmark, nephew of Cnut, willing to help the
English, 44;
sends a fleet, 46, 47
Talbot, Sir John, defeated at Pataye, 310;
defeats Burgundians, 315;
dies, 321
Tallage, exacted by Matilda, 84;
explained, 113;
considered illegal after Edward I., 195
Tannegui Duchâtel, becomes Master of France, 296;
rescues the Dauphin, 299;
murders Burgundy, 300
Taxes, before the Conquest, 35;
whence derived, 38;
on land, 54;
no appeal against, 72;
Henry I.’s, 73;
in the hands of the King and Council, 76;
Henry II. introduces scutage, 93;
his revenue, 113;
Richard I.’s tax on land, 125;
John’s severe taxes, 128, 133;
restricted by Magna Charta, 138;
complaints against De Burgh’s, 144;
Henry III. demands scutage, 148;
tallages and aids, 155;
Edward I. establishes customs, 174;
his heavy taxes, 185, 186;
clergy outlawed for refusing to pay, 187;
complaints against, 188;
method of levying changed, 193, 194;
restricted by the Ordinances, 201;
Edward III.’s Maletolte, 219;
his subsidies, 223;
the poll tax, 240, 243;
Wat Tyler’s riots against, 244;
Richard II.’s, 252, 253;
sufferings of the poor under, 269;
consent of Parliament necessary for levying, 282;
Henry V.’s, 291;
Bedford’s, 313;
Wells’ insurrection against, 333;
Richard III.’s malevolences, 348
Templars, undertake a Crusade for Henry II., 103;
suppressed by Edward II., 199
Thegns, their rise, 13;
duties of, 30;
court of, 33;
become Barons, 35
Theobald of Blois, grandson of William I., defeats Louis VI. at
Puysac, 67;
urged to claim the crown after Henry I., 77;
again refuses it, 84
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, joins Henry’s party, mediates a
compromise, 85;
employs Becket, 92;
dies, 95
Theodore of Tarsus, organizes the Church, 4
Theows, or slaves, 29
Thomas, Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV., invades France, 284;
killed at Beaugé, 301
Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, sixth son of Edward III.,
Governor during the war, 233;
succeeds John of Gaunt, 246, 247;
one of the Lords Appellant, 248;
constant opponent of Richard II., 251;
arrested, 251:
strangled, 252
Thurkill, or Thurcytel, invades England, 17;
joins the English, 18
Thurstan, Archbishop of York, opposes David of Scotland, 79
Tithing, explained, 35
Tostig, third son of Godwine, made Earl of Northumbria, 23;
deposed, 24;
invades the North, slain, 26
Trade of England, 256-258, 261, 262, 351
Trail-bâtons, 195
Tresilian, impeached, 248;
executed, 249
Trinoda necessitas, explained, 35;
retained by William I., 37;
reorganized, 109
Troyes, Treaty of, 300
Tudor, Edmund, son of Owen and Catherine of France, brought
forward, 321
Tudor, Jasper, brother of Edmund, brought forward, 321;
defeated by Hubert of Pembroke, 332;
almost the only Lancastrian left, 336
Tudor, Henry, son of Edmund, proposed marriage, 345;
first invasion, 346;
second invasion, 348
Twenge, his riots, 148
Valence, Aymer of, Bishop of Winchester, 155
Valence, William of, his possessions, 151;
quarrels with De Montfort, 158;
refuses to surrender his castles, 160;
escapes from Lewes, 164;
returns, 166
Valence, Earl of Pembroke, defeats Bruce, 192
Vere, Aubrey de, defends Stephen’s cause, 82
Vere, Robert de, ninth Earl of Oxford, Duke of Ireland, favourite of
Richard II., 247;
impeached, 248;
dies, 250
Vere, Aubrey de, succeeds his nephew Robert, 250
Vere, John de, thirteenth Earl of Oxford, almost the only Lancastrian
left, 336
Vexin, claimed by France, 55;
war on account of, 60;
Henry II. refuses to surrender it, 109;
John secures it, 127
Viaticum, extorted by William II., 59
Villeinage, position of, 36;
proposal to abolish it, 245;
disappearing, 267-269, 352
Wales, remains British, 3;
Wessex establishes supremacy over, 5;
southern part colonized by Danes, 8;
assist Eadric the Wild against William I., 44;
William I. establishes Palatine Counties to restrain it, 51;
constant wars against William II., 58;
land granted to Norman Earls, 59;
Henry I. establishes colonies of Flemings in, 70;
insurrections under Gryffith, 70;
under Gwynneth, 91;
under Llewellyn, 132;
under Llewellyn, 176;
annexation of, 177;
Meredith’s rebellion, 178;
rebellion against Edward II., 204;
quarrel with the Marchers, 206;
insurrection of Owen Glendower, 278, 282;
sympathy with the Lancastrians, 332, 335;
sympathy with the Tudors, 346, 348
Wallace, his insurrection, 189;
defeat and death, 190;
his use of infantry, 225
Walter, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, opposes John, 123;
trained by Glanvill, 124;
withdraws from secular work, 125;
summoned to Rouen, 126;
persuades John to disband his troops, 129;
dies, 130
Waltheof, Earl of Nottingham, 44;
destroys the castles of York, 47;
conspires against William, 52;
executed, miracles at his tomb, 53
Ward of Trumpington, the false Richard II., 279, 292
Warrenne, William of, first Earl of Surrey, conquers Hereward, 50
Warrenne, William of, second Earl, supports Robert of Normandy, 65
Warrenne, William of, natural son of Stephen (married the heiress of
the third Earl), surrenders to Henry II., 91
Warrenne, John, seventh Earl, opposes Edward I., 174;
Commander in Scotland, 185;
Guardian of Scotland, 186;
defeated by Wallace, 189
Warwick (John of Plesseys), Henry III.’s Commissioner, 159
Warwick (William Maudit), one of the Barons’ Council, 159
Warwick. [See Beauchamp and Neville.]
Watling Street, Danish boundary, 8
Wat Tyler, his insurrection, 244
Wedmore, Treaty of, 8
Wells’ rebellion, 333
Weregild, explained, 29
Wessex, foundation of, 2, 3;
conversion of, 4;
supremacy of, 5;
invaded by Danes, 7;
repels them, 8;
retains the supremacy, 10;
overrun by Thurkill, conquered by Cnut, 18;
restored to Edmund Ironside, 19;
helps Harold against William, 26
Wicliffe, protected by John of Gaunt, 240;
deserted by him, recants, 245;
his preaching, 266, 267
William I., visits England, 22;
his claims to the throne, 24, 36;
prepares to invade England, 25;
lands at Pevensey, and fights the battle of Hastings, 26;
checks the growth of feudalism, 37;
establishes the Curia Regis, 38;
character of his government, 39;
marches to London, 41;
crowned, 42;
gradually transfers the land to Normans, 43;
limits earldoms, 37, 43;
leaves England, returns to suppress insurrections, 44;
takes Exeter, and completes the conquest of the West, suppresses
first Northern insurrection, 45;
suppresses the rebellion at York, 46;
lays waste Yorkshire, 47;
his legislation, 48;
his position with regard to the Church, 48, 49;
conquers Hereward, 50;
receives homage from Scotland, 52;
suppresses the conspiracy of Norman nobles, 52;
continues to reside in Normandy, quarrels with his sons, 53;
threatened invasion of England, 54;
Domesday survey and general oath allegiance, his death and
burial, 55;
his will, 56
William II., secures Lanfranc’s support, is crowned, pleases the
English by promises, 56;
defeats baronial rebellion, on Lanfranc’s death leaves England to
Ralph Flambard, 57;
intrigues in Normandy, makes treaty with Robert at Caen, receives
homage from Malcolm, renews war with him, 58;
leaves the conquest of Wales to the Marchers, extorts viaticum from
the host before going to Normandy, holds Normandy in pledge, 59;
his formidable position, killed in the New Forest, his general
success, 60;
his conduct towards the Church, 61, 62
William Clito, son of Robert of Normandy, pretender to the Duchy,
supported by Louis VII., deserted at treaty of Gisors, 67;
supported by Fulk of Anjou, and deserted, 68;
supported and again deserted by both Fulk and Louis, Louis tries to
put him on the throne of Flanders, his death, 69;
his marriage, 72
William, Earl of Boulogne, son of Stephen, promises homage to
Henry II., 86
William, son of Henry I., marries a daughter of Fulk of Anjou, 67;
the barons swear fealty to, drowned in the White Ship, 68
William of Albemarle, opposes invasion of David I., 79;
his power in Yorkshire, submits to Henry II., 90
William II., of Sicily, marries Joanna, 109;
his death delays the Crusade, 117
William the Lion, King of Scotland, joins the Great Rebellion against
Henry II., 104;
taken prisoner at Alnwick, does homage for Scotland, 105;
buys back his privileges from Richard, 116;
does personal homage to John, 128;
makes full submission, 132
Winchelsea, Archbishop of Canterbury, refuses grants to Edward I., 186;
appointed adviser to Prince Edward, 187;
excommunicates Gaveston, 202
Wishart, Bishop of St. Andrews, a member of the Regency, 181;
invites Edward I., 182;
trusted by Edward I., 191;
crowns Bruce, 192
Witan, described, 32, 34, 37, 38;
consents to the Danegelt, 16;
assembled by Eadric, 18;
elects Cnut King, 20;
Godwine’s quarrel referred to it, 22;
called on Harold’s death, elects Eadgar, 41;
offers the crown to William I., 42;
tries and condemns Waltheof, 53
Woodville, rise of the family, 330, 331;
Sir John, beheaded, 332;
Anthony, made Lord Scales, 331;
Lord Rivers, 341;
patronizes printing, 353;
beheaded, 342;
Elizabeth, marries Edward IV., 330
Wulstan, Archbishop of York, 13
Wykeham, William of, Chancellor, deposed 239;
restored, 240;
deposed, 240;
restored, 249
FOOTNOTES:
[1] French Chroniclers have made this sudden death a judgment of
God. Godwine is described as wishing that the piece of bread he ate
might choke him if he were guilty of the death of Alfred, whereupon
the bread stuck in his throat.