_Ex._
«Smith», Caleb. Sermon.
«Smith», Charles. Address.
«Smith», Conrad. Narrative.
not
«Smith», Caleb. Sermon.
— , Charles. Address.
— , Conrad. Narrative.
139. Distinguish authors whose family name is the same by giving the
forename in full or by initials.
In a card catalogue the names should always be given in full; in
printing, initials are often used to save room; but the saving is
small, and the advantages of full names are so considerable that any
cataloguer who is relieved from the necessity of the greatest possible
compression ought to give them. For the more common forenames fullness
can be combined with economy by the use of the colon abbreviations
(C: = Charles, etc. See Appendix V.) Under subjects it is rare that
two persons of even the same family name come together and initials
are sufficient; but here also the colon initials should be used.
An exception may well be made in the case of men always known by
a double name; as, Sydney Smith or Bayard Taylor. Nobody talks of
Smith or Taylor. «Taylor», B., conveys no idea whatever to most
readers. «Taylor», Bayard, they know. When one name alone is usual,
as Gladstone, Shakespeare, and when both forms are used, as Dickens
and Charles Dickens, initials will suffice. Of course there can be
no uniformity in such practice, but there will be utility, which is
better.
Forenames used by the author in a diminutive or otherwise varied form
may be given in that form.
_Ex._ «Carleton», Will; «McLean», Sally; «Reuter», Fritz.
140. Mark in some way those forenames which are usually omitted by the
author, and neglect them in the arrangement.
_Ex._ «Collins», (Wm.) Wilkie; «Gérard», (Cécile) Jules (Basile).
This is of practical use. The consulter running over the Collinses
is puzzled by the unusual name unless some generally accepted sign
shows him that it is unusual. He does not quickly recognize Charles
Dickens in «Dickens», Charles John Huffam; or Leigh Hunt in «Hunt»,
James Henry Leigh; or Max Müller in «Müller», Friedrich Max. Besides,
the eye finds the well-known name more quickly if the others are, as
it were, pushed aside. The most common methods of distinction are
inclosure in parentheses and spacing: «Guizot», (François Pierre)
Guillaume, or «Guizot», F r a n ç o i s P i e r r e Guillaume. The
latter is objectionable as unusual, as taking too much room, and as
making emphatic the very part of the name which one wants to hide. I
prefer the style, «Dickens», Charles (_in full_ C: J: Huffam). _See_ §
221. But in those catalogues in which all Christian names are inclosed
in parentheses, some other sign must of course be used to mark the
less usual names.
141. Distinguish authors whose family and forenames are the same by the
dates of their birth and death, or, if these are not known, by some
other label.
_Ex._ _Bp._, _C. E._, _Capt._, _Col._, _D.D._, _F.R.S._, etc., always
to be printed in italics.
In a manuscript catalogue, in preparing which of course one never
knows how many new names may be added, such titles should be given
to every name. In {65} printing, if room is an object, they may be
omitted except when needed for the distinction of synonymous authors.
Note, however, that many persons are commonly known and spoken of by
a title rather than by their first name, and it is a convenience for
the man who is looking, for instance, for the life of Gen. Greene,
whose Christian name he does not know, to see at once, as he runs his
eye over the list of Greenes, which are generals, without having to
read all the titles of books written by or about the Greenes in order
to identify him. For the same reason _Mrs._ should always be given
with the name of a married woman, whether the forename which follows
is her own or her husband’s; even when the following form is adopted,
“«Hall», _Mrs._ Anna Maria (Fielding), _wife of_ S. C.,” which is
always to be done when in her titles she uses her husband’s initials.
In this case a reference should be made from «Hall», _Mrs._ S. C.,
to «Hall», _Mrs._ «A. M.», and so in similar cases. If forenames are
represented under subjects by their initials, it is well to give
_Miss_ or _Mrs._ with the names of female authors. The reader who
would like to read a book by Miss Cobbe on a certain subject may not
feel sure that «Cobbe, F. P.», is «Miss» Cobbe.
As late as 1760 unmarried women were usually styled _Mrs._; as, Mrs.
Lepel, Mrs. Woffington, Mrs. Blount, and among writers Mrs. Hannah
More. There is no objection to following this practice in cataloguing,
as the object of the cataloguer is not to furnish biographical
information but to identify the people catalogued.
142. Titles of Englishwomen are to be treated by the following
rules:[47]
In the matter of titles an Englishwoman in marrying has everything to
gain and nothing to lose. If she marries above her own rank she takes
her husband’s title in exchange for her own, if below her own rank she
keeps her own title.
_Titles of married women._
_a._ The wife of a peer takes her husband’s style.
That is, she is Baroness, Viscountess, Marchioness, etc. In
cataloguing, say «Brassey», Annie (Allnutt), Baroness; not «Brassey»,
Annie (Allnutt), _Lady_.
_b._ The wife of a knight or baronet is Lady. Whether this title
precedes or follows her forename depends upon whether she had a title
before her marriage.
That is, if Lady Mary Smith marries Sir John Brown (either knight or
baronet), she is Lady Mary Brown, also if Hon. Mary Smith marries Sir
John Brown (knight or baronet) she is Lady Mary Brown; but if Miss
Mary Smith marries Sir John Brown (knight or baronet), she becomes
Mary, Lady Brown.
_c._ A maid of honor retains her Hon. after marriage, unless, of
course, it is merged into a higher title.
Thus, if she marries a baronet she is the Hon^{ble} Lady Brown, if
a peer the Lady So and So, in either case as though she had been a
peer’s daughter.
_d._ The wife of an earl’s (or higher peer’s) younger son is never the
Hon^{ble} Lady; if she used the Lady before marriage in her own right
she does not, of course, add anything by such marriage, but the wife
of a younger son of a lower peer than an earl is Hon^{ble} Mrs. (not
Lady)—the younger children of all peers using, of course, the family
name, with or without their forenames, according to their rank. {66}
_e._ If the lady to whom the title Hon. belongs in virtue of her
father’s rank marries a commoner, she retains her title, becoming Hon.
Lady, if she marries a knight or baronet; and Hon. Mrs., if her husband
has no title.
None of these courtesy titles are inherited by the children of those
who bear them, the third generation of even the highest peer being
simply commoners unless raised in rank by marriage or merit.
_Titles of unmarried women._
_f._ The title Lady belongs to daughters of all noblemen not lower than
earl.
_g._ The title Hon. belongs to daughters of viscounts and barons; also
to an untitled woman who becomes maid of honor to the Queen, and this
title is retained after she leaves the service. If a woman who has the
title Lady becomes maid of honor she does not acquire the title Hon.
[note] 47. Prepared by Miss May Seymour and Mr. F. Wells Williams
(_Lib. jnl._, 13: 321, 361).[/note]