_a._ For all anonymous works which admit of it, to the author if known,
otherwise to the first word.
When the subject-word is the same as the heading of the subject-entry
this reference need not be made; but it will not do to omit
an important title-entry when there are many titles under the
subject-heading or they are much subdivided, so that it would be
difficult to find the title-entry there. Thus an anonymous book,
“France and the Pope,” would no doubt have a subject-entry under some
subdivision of «France», but as this in a large catalogue would be
little help towards finding the book, it should also have a reference
among the titles which follow the subject «France». Of course if there
were only a dozen titles under France one entry would be enough.
_b._ For other works, when the subject-word is not the same as the name
of the subject selected by the cataloguer.
In this case, however, a cross-reference, which will answer for all
titles, is to be preferred to a collection of subject-word references,
being more economical and nearly as convenient to the inquirer.
Suppose, for instance, that «Insects» is preferred as a subject-name
to «Entomology». It will be better and more sparing of space to say
once for all “«Entomology.» _See_ «Insects»,” referring a man to a
part of the catalogue where he will find not only the book he seeks
but many similar ones, than to make number of references like these:
«Entomologie», Cours de. _See_ «Latreille», P. A.
«Entomologique», Bibliographie. _See_ «Percheron», A.
«Entomology», Dialogues on. _See_ «Dialogues».
«Entomology», Elements of. _See_ «Dallas», W. S.; «Ruschenberger», W. S. W.
«Entomology», Introduction to. _See_ «Duncan», J.; «Kirby», W.
which will serve his turn only for the particular book he has in mind,
and serve it very little better than the general reference. {45}
89. Make title references (first-word, catch-word, or subject-word) for
works which are entered under the names of societies or of governments.
_Ex._ «Consular» reports. _See_ «U. S.» _Consular Service_.
The reason for this is that the inquirer might not think of looking
for such works under those headings or might be unable to find them in
the mass of titles under the larger countries, France, Great Britain,
United States. But in view of the room which such references would
fill, if made from all governmental titles, it seems best to state
the rule for the entry of governmental and society publications very
distinctly in the preface and then to require and presuppose a certain
acquaintance with the plan of the catalogue on the part of those
who use it, and omit all reference for ordinary official reports,
making them only for works which have become part of literature, and
are likely to be much inquired for: as, the “Astronomical exploring
expedition,” “Connaissance des temps,” “Description de l’Égypte,”
“Documents inédits,” “Philosophical transactions,” etc. Of course
absolute uniformity can not be secured in this way, but absolute
uniformity is not very important. Even if occasionally a reference of
this kind fails to be made which might reasonably be required, those
which are made will be useful. It is easy to add the reference wanted
in a manuscript catalogue or in the inevitable supplement of a printed
catalogue.
90. Title references must sometimes be made from subtitles and
half-titles.
Because some books are known and referred to by them rather than by
the full title. For the same reason the binder’s title, used on the
original binding, may deserve a reference (never an entry); and also
titles commonly given to books though not appearing anywhere in them,
as «Breeches» Bible, «Speaker’s» commentary.
91. If a book has several title-pages use the most general, giving the
others, if necessary, in a note or as contents.
This occurs especially in German books. The rule above should be
followed even when the library has only one of the parts. But under
the subject-heading the subtitle which corresponds to that subject
may be used, the general title being given in a parenthesis after
the imprint, so as to preserve the connection of the subject- and
title-entries. _Ex._ «Saxony, House of.» VEHSE, E. Geschichte der
Höfe des Hauses Sachsen. Hamburg, 1854. 7 v. 8º. (Vol. 28–34 _of his_
Gesch. d. deut. Höfe.)