considerable trade in malt, which is sent in barges to London. Here
was once an abbey, in which was deposited the corpse of Henry VI. who
was stabbed in the Tower, but his body was afterwards removed by Henry
VII. to Windsor. Out of the ruins of this abbey Sir Henry Carew,
master of the buckhounds to King Charles II. built a very fine house.
To this village Cowley, the Poet, retired after being weary of
attending on the court, and there ended his days. Here is a bridge
over the Thames to Shepperton, and a handsome free-school erected by
Sir William Perkins, who had a seat here.
CHESHAM, a market town in Buckinghamshire, situated on the borders of
Hertfordshire, twenty-nine miles from London. It had formerly a
chantry, and has now a charity school.
CHESHIRE’S _rents_, 1. Fleet lane, by the Fleet market.† 2. Shipwright’s
street, Rotherhith.†
CHESHUNT, with its park and wash, are situated about fifteen miles from
London near the river Lea in Hertfordshire. Here was formerly a
convent of nuns; and King Edward III. gave Cheshunt the privilege of a
market, which has been long discontinued.
[Illustration:
_L^{d.} Egremont’s_
]
[Illustration:
_Chesterfield House._
_S. Wale del._ _B. Green sculp._
]
CHESTERFIELD HOUSE, in May fair, a very elegant structure, built by the
Nobleman from whom it derives its name. The stone colonades leading
from the house to the wings on each side are very beautiful. The print
exhibits the body of the house with part of the colonade, but the
wings are hid by the intervening houses. This view was taken from the
end next Hyde Park, of the street which is opposite the great gate
which leads to the house.
CHESTER’S _key_, Thames street.†
CHESWICK. See CHISWICK.
CHEVER’S _court_, Limehouse.†
CHEYNEY, near Flounden in Buckinghamshire, formerly belonged to the
Cheyneys, but has been the manor and seat of the Russels, now Dukes of
Bedford, for about 200 years.
CHICHESTER _rents_, Chancery lane, from the Bishop of Chichester’s house
near it. _Maitland._
CHICK _lane_, West Smithfield.
CHIDLEY’S _court_, Pall mall.†pm od CHIGWELL, a village in Essex,
situated between Waltham Abbey and Rumford. The rectory and parish
church are united to the prebend of St. Pancras in St. Paul’s
cathedral. Here is a charity school; and at a small distance are two
hamlets named Chigwell-Dews and Chigwell-Row.
CHIGWELL _hill_, Ratcliff highway.
CHIGWELL _street_, Ratcliff highway.
CHILE’S _court_, 1. Eagle court, Strand.† 2. In the Strand.†
CHIMNEY _alley_, Coleman street.
CHIMNEY-SWEEPERS _alley_, Barnaby street.
CHINGFORD, a village in Essex, near Woodford, and not far from Epping
Forest, so agreeably situated for privacy and retirement, that the
remotest distance from the metropolis can hardly exceed it. The
church, which was erected in the reign of King Richard II. is a neat
little building dedicated to St. Peter and Paul.
CHIPPING ONGAR, a town in Essex, twenty miles from London, was formerly
the manor of Richard Lacy, who being Protector of England, while Henry
II. was absent in Normandy, he built a church and a castle here with
other fortifications, the remains of which are still to be seen.
CHISLEHURST, a town near Bromley, in Kent, where the family of the
Walsinghams resided for several generations; and are interred in the
church. Here Mr. Camden composed the principal part of his annals of
Queen Elizabeth.
CHISWICK, in Middlesex, situated on the Thames on the south-west side of
Hammersmith. Here are two manors, one belonging to the Prebendary of
Cheswick in St. Paul’s cathedral, and the other call’d the Dean’s
manor, from its belonging to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s. In
this village there is a charity school, and it is adorned with several
elegant seats, as the Earl of Shrewsbury’s, the Earl of Grantham’s now
Col. Elliot’s, the late Lord Wilmington’s, &c. But the most remarkable
of the kind is the late Earl of Burlington’s, which was a plain,
commodious building, with good offices about it; but a part of the old
edifice being some years ago destroyed by fire, his Lordship erected
near it a beautiful villa, which, for elegance of taste, surpasses
every thing of its kind in England. The court in the front, which is
of a proportionable size with the building, is gravelled and
constantly kept very neat. On each side are yew hedges in panels, with
_Termini_ placed at a proper distance; and in the front of these
hedges, are two rows of Cedars of Libanus, which, at a small distance
have a fine effect, the dark shade of these solemn ever-greens
affording a pleasing contrast to the whiteness of the elegant building
that appears between them, the view of which from the road surprizes
you in a most agreeable manner.
The ascent to the house is by a noble flight of steps, on one side of
which is the statue of Palladio, and on the other that of Inigo Jones.
The portico is supported by six fine fluted columns of the Corinthian
order, with a pediment very elegant, and the cornice, frize and
architrave, as rich as possible. This magnificent front strikes all
who behold it with an uncommon pleasure and surprize.
The octagonal saloon finishing at top in a dome, through which it is
enlightened, is also very elegant. The other rooms are extremely
beautiful, and are finely furnished with pictures of the great
masters; an account of which is here annexed. It were to be wished
this house had been built to a larger scale, that the grandeur might
have equalled the elegance.
Though the other front towards the garden is plainer, yet it is in a
very bold, noble and masterly stile, and has at the same time a
pleasing simplicity, as hath also the side front towards the
serpentine river, which is different from the two others. In making
the drawing of this house, it was viewed by the angle, by which means
the print here given of it, shews it more perfectly than if only the
principal front had been given. The inside of this structure is
finished with the utmost elegance; the ceilings are richly gilt and
painted, and the rooms adorned with some of the best pictures in
Europe. In the gardens, which are very beautiful, the vistos are
terminated by a temple, obelisk, or some such ornament, which produce
a most agreeable effect.
The gardens are laid out in the finest taste: on descending from the
back part of the house you enter a verdant lawn planted with clumps of
ever-greens, between which are two rows of large stone vases. At the
ends next the house are two wolves in stone, done by the celebrated
Scheemaker, the statuary; at the farther end are two large lions, and
the view is terminated by three fine antique statues, dug up in
Adrian’s garden at Rome, with stone seats between them, and behind a
close plantation of ever-greens.
On turning to the house on the right hand, an open grove of forest
trees affords a view of the orangery, which is seen as perfectly as if
the trees were planted on the lawn; and when the orange trees are in
flower, their fragrance is diffused over the whole lawn to the house.
These are separated from the lawn by a fossee, to secure them from
being injured by the persons admitted to walk in the garden.
On leaving the house to the left, an easy slope covered with short
grass leads down to the serpentine river, on the side whereof are
clumps of ever-greens, with agreeable breaks, between which the water
is seen; and at the farther end is an opening into an inclosure, where
are a Roman temple, and an obelisk, with grass slopes, and in the
middle a circular piece of water.
From hence you are led to the wilderness, through which are three
strait avenues terminated by three different edifices; and within the
quarters are serpentine walks, through which you may ramble near a
mile in the shade. On each side the serpentine river, are verdant
walks, which accompany the river in all its turnings. On the right
hand of this river is a building that is the exact model of the
portico of the church of Covent garden, on the left is a wilderness
laid out in regular walks, and in the middle is a Palladian wooden
bridge over the river.
With the earth dug from the bed of this river, his Lordship has raised
a terrace, that affords a prospect of the adjacent country; which,
when the tide is up, is greatly enlivened by the view of the boats and
barges passing along the river Thames.
[Illustration:
_Chiswick House._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._
]
Pictures, &c. in the new house at Chiswick.
In the Portico.
Augustus, a busto.
Saloon.
Lord Burlington and three of his sisters, Elizabeth, Juliana, and
Jane, by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Rape of Proserpine, Sconians.
Anne of Austria, Frederick Elde.
Morocco Ambassador in the reign of Charles II. figure by Sir Godf.
Kneller; the back ground and horse, by Wyke.
King Charles, his Queen, and two children, Vandyke.
Judgment of Paris, Cav. Daniele.
Lewis XIII. Fred. Elde.
Apollo and Daphne, Cav. Daniele.
Bustos.
Antinous. Lucius Antinous.
A Bacchanalian.
Socrates.
Faustina.
Britannicus.
Plautilla.
Antoninus.
Apollo.
Bust unknown.
Domitian.
Adrian.
Red Velvet Room.
Madonna della Rosa, by Domenichino.
Noah sacrificing, Carlo Maratti.
Painting and designing, Guido Rheni.
The holy family, Carlo Maratti.
King Charles I. Cornelius Johnson.
Pope Innocent IX. Diego Velasques.
St. Gregorio, Cavidoni.
Pope Clement IX. Carlo Maratti.
The holy family, Giacinto Brandi.
The holy family, Salviati.
Duchess of Somerset, Vandyke.
Bacchus and Ariadne, Sebastiano Ricci.
A woman, school of Rubens.
Three statues, chiaro oscuro, Nic. Poussin.
A man, school of Rubens.
Venus and Cupid, Seb. Ricci.
St. John in the wilderness, Franc. Mola.
A portrait, Langians.
First Countess of Burlington, Vandyke.
Cardinal Baronius, Frederico Barocci.
A portrait, Rembrandt.
Mr. Killegrew, Vandyke.
First Earl of Burlington, Vandyke.
Salmasis and Hermaphroditus, Francisco Albano.
The holy family, Andrea del Sarto.
Mary Queen of Scotland, Fred. Zucchero.
The holy family, Pietro da Cortona.
The procession of the Dogesse, Paolo Veronese.
Bronzes.
A young Hercules.
Three pictures of incense lamps, Benvenuto Celini.
Blue Velvet Room.
A chymist’s shop, by David Teniers.
A landscape and figures, Franc. Mola.
A landscape and figures, Gaspar Poussin.
A Magdalen’s head, Guido Rheni.
A landscape with figures hawking, Wouwerman.
A landscape and figures, Franc. Mola.
A landscape and figures, Gasp. Poussin.
A march, Bourgognone.
The passage of the Red sea, ditto.
The Jesuits church at Antwerp, Geringh.
A landscape and figures, Bott.
A landscape, Gaspar Poussin.
A landscape, ditto.
A landscape with horsemen, Vander Meulen.
A landscape, Bott.
Lord Sandwich in a round, Sir Pet. Lely.
A woman frying fritters, Schalcken.
The holy family, Carlo Maratti.
A tent, Wouwerman.
A landscape with fishermen, Phill. Laura.
The flight into Egypt, Nicolo Poussin.
A ferry boat and cattle, Berchem.
A woman feeding children, Schalcken.
The holy family, Andrea Sacchi.
Ditto, Camillo Procacini.
Inigo Jones in a round, Dobson.
Red closet next the blue room.
Lot and his two daughters, Rottenhammer.
A landscape and ruins, Viviano, the figures by Mich. Angelo.
Jupiter and Io, Francesco Imperiali.
Spanish lady, D. Velasques.
Fishermen, Rubens.
The Presentation, Giuseppe Chiari.
A man hawking, Inigo Jones.
A sea-port, Marco Ricci.
A landscape, Velvet Brughel.
A Flora, Francesco Albano.
Temptation of St. Antonio, Annibale Carracci.
A landscape, Patel.
Lady Dorothy Boyle, Lady Burlington.
A landscape, Velvet Brughel.
The holy family, Sebastian Bourdon.
The inside of a church, Perino del Vaga.
A sea piece, Vandervelde.
A landscape, Marco Ricci.
Christ in the garden.
The holy family, Schidoni.
A crucifixion of a saint, Seb. Bourdon.
A landscape, Rysdal.
The holy family, Denis Calvert.
The Samaritan woman, Paolo Veronese.
A boy’s head, Holbein.
Cleopatra, Leonardo da Vinci.
A landscape, Swanevelt.
The holy family, Passari.
Earl of Essex.
A portrait, Fran. Hals.
Inside of a church, Vandyke.
A landscape, Gaspar Poussin.
A man and vases, Benedetto Castiglione.
A landscape, Francisque Meli.
Green Velvet room.
Mars and Venus, Albano.
Acis and Galatea, Luca Giordano.
Constantine’s arch, Gio. Paolo Panini.
Romulus and Remus, Pietro da Cortona.
A woman bathing, Rousseau.
Mr. Rogers, Vandyke.
Our Saviour in the garden, Guercino.
A man half length with a dog, Dobson.
Rembrant in his painting room, Gerrard Dow.
Ruins, Viviano.
A view of Florence, Gasparo degli Occhiale.
Diana and Endymion, Sebastiano Ricci.
Flowers by Baptiste the boy, Seb. Ricci.
Ponte Rotto, Gasparo degli Occhiale.
The holy family, Francesco Mola.
A landscape, Mons. Verton.
Buildings, Rousseau.
A Magdalen, Carlo Maratti from Guido.
A man half length, Rembrant.
A Madona and St. Catharine, Pietro da Cortona.
The Jews scourging our Saviour, Giacomo Bassano.
Piazza del Popolo, Gasparo degli Occhiale.
A landscape with fishermen, Salvator Rosa.
Belisarius, Vandyke.
Earl of Pembroke and his sister, Vandyke.
Bed chamber.
Earl of Cumberland in a round.
Mr. Pope in a round, Kent.
Lady Burlington in a round, Aikman.
Gallery.
Susanna and P. Veronese.
* * * * Bassan.
* * * * Ditto.
Landscapes.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Middle of the ceiling, Paolo Veronese.
Two statues, Guelphi.
Two ditto, Scheemaker.
Two little heads, Guelphi.
Two porphyry vases, from Rome.
Closet within the bed chamber.
Lord Clifford and his family, painted in 1444 by John Van Eyk, called
John of Bruges.
A woman in a hat, Blomaert.
Lady Dorothy Boyle, in crayons, Lady Burlington.
Henry IV. of France, Mosaick.
A head, a sketch, Vandyke.
Ditto, ditto.
Flowers upon glass, Baptiste.
A woman selling fish and herbs.
Hagar and the angel.
A boy’s head.
A man’s head.
A woman combing her head.
A satyr whipping a woman.
A head, Holbein.
A Venus sleeping.
Dutch figures.
A man reading.
The ascension, Albano.
The new dining room.
Twelfth night, Jordans.
The finding of Moses, Seb. Ricci.
Jephtha, Seb. Ricci.
Good Samaritan, Giacomo Bassan.
A flower piece, Baptiste.
Ditto, ditto.
Ditto, ditto.
A portrait, Rubens.
Ditto, unknown.
Buildings and cattle, Wenix.
First Lady Halifax, Sir Peter Lely.
The marriage of Cupid, &c. Andrea Schiavone.
A landscape, Gio. Franceso Bolognese.
Mars and Venus, Le Fevre.
A landscape, Gio. Franceso Bolognese.
A Madona, Parmegiano.
Woman taken in adultery, Allesandro Veronese.
Liberality and Modesty, Guido, after
CHISWELL _street_, near the Artillery ground, Moorfields.†
CHITTERLING _alley_, Beer lane, Tower street.
CHIVER’S _court_, Nightingale lane, in Limehouse, Fore street.‡
CHOIRISTER’S _rents_, near the Almonry.
CHOLMONDELEY’S _Almshouse_, in Church entry, Black Friars, was founded
by the Lady Cholmondeley for three poor women, each of whom receives
2_s._ a week.
CHRISTOPHER’S _alley_, 1. in the Borough. 2. Lombard street. 3. St.
Martin’s le Grand. 4. Middle turning, Shadwell. 5. Upper Moorfields.
_St._ CHRISTOPHER’S _alley_, St. Christopher’s court, Threadneedle
street.☐
_St._ CHRISTOPHER’S _Church_, by the Bank of England in Threadneedle
street, is dedicated to a Jewish convert and martyr, named before
his conversion Reprobus, but having, it is pretended, carried our
Saviour over a river, was thence named Christopher. Mention is made
of a church in this place so early as the year 1368. The present
edifice suffered greatly by the fire of London; but not so much as
to occasion its being rebuilt, and therefore being thoroughly
repaired, it continues on the ancient foot. The body is well
enlightened, and the tower is crowned with four handsome pinacles.
It is a very plain edifice, and indeed had it been ever so well
ornamented, it could not, in its present situation, have been seen
to advantage.
This church is a rectory, the patronage of which has been for above
three hundred years in the Bishop of London. The Rector, besides
other considerable advantages, receives 120_l._ a year in lieu of
tithes.
CHRISTOPHER’S _court_, 1. Cartwright street. 2. Rosemary lane.
_St._ CHRISTOPHER’S _court_, Threadneedle street.
CHRISTOPHER’S INN YARD, 1. Barnaby street. 2. St. Margaret’s hill.*
CHRIST’S CHURCH, Church street, Spitalfields. The district in which
this edifice stands was till lately considered as a hamlet in the
parish of Stepney: but the kind reception given to the persecuted
French protestants, greatly increased the number of the inhabitants
of this spot, and these refugees bringing the silk manufacture along
with them, soon brought affluence to the place, and with it a
multitude of new inhabitants. Hence this was constituted a distinct
parish from Stepney in the year 1728, and one of the fifty new
churches was ordered to be built here. The foundation was laid in
1723, and it was finished in four years.
The body of this church is solid and well proportioned; it is
ornamented with a Doric portico, to which there is a handsome ascent
by a flight of steps; and upon these the Doric order arises
supported on pedestals. The tower over these rises with arched
windows and niches, and on its diminishing for the steeple, is
supported by the heads of the under corners, which form a kind of
buttresses: from this part rises the base of the spire, with an
arcade; its corners are in the same manner supported with a kind of
pyramidal buttresses ending in a point, and the spire is terminated
by a vase and fane. This is the character given of this edifice in
the _English Architect_: who asserts that solidity without weight is
its character, and that though this structure is not without faults,
yet it is worthy of great praise; it being singular, and built for
ages. It has however been severely censured by the author of _The
Critical Review of Buildings_, who says that it is one of the most
absurd piles in Europe.
This church is made a rectory, but is not to be held in commendam.
For the maintenance of the Rector and his successors the Parliament
granted the sum of 3000_l._ to be laid out in the purchase of lands
and tenements in fee simple: besides which provision the
Churchwardens are by that act appointed to pay him annually the sum
of 125_l._ to be raised by burial fees. _Maitland._
CHRIST’S CHURCH, in Bennet street, Southwark, is a regular and
well-constructed building, erected with little expence, since the
year 1737, when the foundation of the old church gave way. It
consists of a plain body enlightened by two ranges of windows, and a
square tower with a turret.
This church is a rectory, the patronage is in the heirs and assigns
of John Marshal of the Borough of Southwark, Gent. who caused the
old church to be built, by leaving, in the year 1627, the sum of
700_l._ for that purpose, with an estate of 60_l._ a year towards
the maintenance of a Minister, and the inhabitants applying to
parliament in 1670, it was made a distinct parish independent of
that of St. Saviour’s.
CHRIST’S CHURCH, behind the northern row of houses in Newgate street.
This is a vicarage, or impropriation, and the right of advowson is
in the Governors of St. Bartholomew’s hospital. The old spacious
church being consumed by the fire of London, this edifice was
erected in its room, and by an act of parliament constituted the
place of public worship, both for this parish and that of St.
Leonard’s Foster lane.
This church is a plain edifice, neatly ornamented on the inside; it
has a square tower of a considerable height, crowned with a light
and handsome turret, which is so concealed by the houses, that it
can scarce any where be seen to advantage. The Incumbent receives
200_l._ per annum in lieu of tithes.
CHRIST’S HOSPITAL, for the education and support of the fatherless
children of freemen, is an establishment of considerable antiquity;
for Henry VIII. in the last year of his reign gave the city both the
priory of St. Bartholomew’s, and the convent of Gray Friars, which
anciently belonged to that priory, for the relief of the poor. He
also in the same year founded two churches out of these religious
houses, the one to be called Christ Church, out of the Gray Friars,
and the other Little St. Bartholomew’s, out of the hospital of that
name. By the above grant the city was obliged to establish here a
settled and regular provision for the poor, which was not done till
some years after, when King Edward VI. being extremely moved at a
sermon preached by Bishop Ridley, wherein that good Prelate
expatiated on the obligations of the rich to assist the poor and
miserable, his Majesty expressed his hearty desire to concur in
promoting so laudable a work, and by the Bishop’s advice,
immediately caused a letter to be wrote to the Lord Mayor, to obtain
his assistance; and this letter his Majesty signed with his own
hand, and sealed with his signet. The good Bishop, who, by the young
King’s desire, stayed till the letter was finished, was the
messenger dispatched on this important business. The chief
Magistrate was pleased with the honour done the city, and after
several consultations with the Aldermen and Common Council, several
charitable plans were formed for the carrying on of this and other
charities; and while the diseased were provided for at St. Thomas’s,
and the idle at Bridewell, it was resolved that the young and
helpless should be educated at Christ Church.
This being reported to the King, his Majesty voluntarily
incorporated the Governors of these houses by the title of _The
Mayor, Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London, Governors of
the possessions, revenues and goods of the hospitals of Edward VI.,
King of England_, &c. as his Majesty desired to be esteemed their
chief founder and patron. To promote and continue this work, he
granted the city certain lands that had been given to the house of
the Savoy, founded by King Henry VII. for the lodging of pilgrims
and strangers, but which was now only used by vagabonds and
strumpets. These lands amount to the yearly value of 600_l._ He also
commanded, that after reserving a sufficient quantity of the linen,
which had been used in the times of popish superstition, to each
church within the city and suburbs of London, the remaining
superfluous great quantities should be delivered to the Governors of
this hospital, for the use of the poor children under their care.
And one of the last actions of that good Prince’s life, was signing
a licence for this corporation to purchase lands in mortmain.
In 1552 the house of the Gray Friars was prepared for the poor
fatherless children, and the same year 340 were admitted. Soon
after, several considerable private benefactions were left to this
hospital, and at length Charles II. by a well judged liberality,
founded and endowed a mathematical school for the instruction of
forty boys in that study, in order to fit them for the sea, and for
this purpose he ordered 1000_l._ a year to be paid out of the
Exchequer for seven years. This institution is executed in a manner
suitable to the intention of the founder. Every year ten of these
boys are put out apprentices to masters of ships, and ten more are
received in their room. The master is not only expected to be a good
mathematician, but to understand the learned languages. Afterwards
the Governors appointed forty other boys to be taught mathematics in
the same manner. The other schools are a grammar school, a writing
school, and a school for the girls who learn reading and needle
work, and there have been lately added a master to teach the boys
drawing, an art of the greatest use in many mechanical arts.
This charity is so very extensive, that there are sometimes above a
thousand children supported here at a time. The youngest, for whom
there is not room in the house, and who are not of an age to
understand the lessons taught there, are, at the expence of the
charity, sent to Hertford and Ware, where there are schools erected
and masters employed at handsome salaries for that purpose. As the
eldest are put out apprentices, and these grow more fit for the
place, they are brought in.
The boys are cloathed in blue coats, with petticoats of the same
colour, yellow stockings, and bonnets instead of hats. And on their
being put out apprentice, they have 10_l._ given with each.
The edifice is concealed by the contiguous houses, and cannot be
seen entire. It is spacious, and though built in the old manner, is
not ill contrived. The principal buildings form the four sides of a
large area, which have porticoes continued round them. These have
Gothic arches, and the walls are supported by abutments. The front
of the building is, however, more modern than the rest, and has
Doric pilasters supported on pedestals.