which was a part of the priory. This was repaired by the direction
of Sir Christopher Wren, and serves both for a thoroughfare, and
place of recreation for the boys, especially in rainy weather.
The writing school is, however, a neat modern edifice, built with
brick and stone in the year 1694, at the end of the great hall. It
was founded by Sir John Moore, one of the Aldermen of the city, and
President of the house, whom it is said to have cost 5000_l._ It
contains long writing boards sufficient for 300 boys to sit and
write upon, and at the upper end of the room is Sir John’s statue in
white marble.
The inner distribution of the rooms and wards is very good. There is
a spacious hall built at the expence of Sir John Fenwick after the
fire of London, in which the boys dine and sup. At the upper end of
this room is a large picture representing King James II. sitting
with his Nobles, the Governors, &c. with the half figures of King
Edward VI. and Charles II. hanging as pictures in the same piece.
There is also a piece representing the mathematical school done by
Vario, and reckoned worth 1000_l._ At the other end is a large piece
representing King Edward VI. delivering the charter to the Lord
Mayor, who kneels, with the Aldermen behind him; the young King is
accompanied by Bishop Ridley and several others, who stand about
him. Here also is a fine piece of the pool of Bethesda, which is
very large, and painted in a masterly stile by Mr. Hogarth. In this
hall there is likewise a good organ, which plays on Sundays, when
the boys sing psalms and anthems.
A great room where the Governors meet, is also adorned with the
pictures of the royal founder, and of all the chief benefactors.
[Illustration:
_Christ’s-Church Hospital._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Taylor sc._
]
There are eight wards for the children’s beds; that of the girls is
separated from the rest; and there is also a ward for the sick. Each
of the masters have 100_l._ a year, and the grammar master an
additional salary of 20_l._ for catechising the boys, and his usher
has 50_l._ a year; in short, 12 or 1300_l._ a year is expended in
salaries to the officers, clerks, and servants; and the sum expended
for the support of the hospital, amounts to between 11 and
12,000_l._ a year. To defray this expence, the hospital has a great
annual revenue in houses and lands; the benefit of licensing and
looking after the 420 carts allowed in the city, each of which pays
a certain sum for sealing. The hospital has likewise a duty of about
three farthings upon every piece of cloth brought to Blackwell hall,
where clerks are kept to receive it. The Governors, amount to about
three hundred, and these chuse their officers and servants, both men
and women, and also the President and Treasurer.
The building of this hospital is partly Gothic and partly modern,
being built at various times, and has very little regularity. That
part represented in the print belongs to the mathematical school,
and is in Gray Friars. The niche contains a statue of Charles II. in
the royal robes, which, considering the difficulty the statuary had
to encounter, is a very good one. At a distance is the steeple and
part of the front of the church, which was rebuilt, after being
burnt down by the fire of London, by Sir Christopher Wren.
CHURCHES. These are very numerous; and the reader may see an account
of each under the names of the patrons to whom they are dedicated,
as _St._ ALBAN’S, ALLHALLOWS, _St._ ALPHAGE, _St._ ANDREW’S, &c.
CHURCH _alley_, 1. Basinghall street.☐ 2. Black Friars.☐ 3. Denmark
street, St. Giles’s.☐ 4. Giltspur street.☐ 5. Harp alley, Shoe
lane.☐ 6. St. Mary hill.☐ 7. New Rents, Compter street.☐ 8. Noble
street, Foster lane.☐ 9. Old Jewry.☐ 10. Puddle dock hill.☐ 11. In
the Strand.☐ 12. Thames street.☐ 13. Tooley street.☐ 14. Wapping.☐
15. Watling street.☐ 16. Whitechapel.☐
CHURCH _court_, 1. Church passage, Piccadilly.☐ 2. Clement’s lane,
Canon street.☐ 3. Duke’s place.☐ 4. Little Chapel street.☐ 5. St.
Margaret’s church yard.☐ 6. In the Strand.☐ 7. Church Entry, Austin
Friars.☐ 8. Black Friars.☐
CHURCH _hill_, Black Friars.☐
CHURCH _lane_, 1. Dyot street.☐ 2. Elephant lane, Rotherhith.☐ 3.
Houndsditch.☐ 4. Islington.☐ 5. Ropewalk, Limehouse.☐ 6. St. Mary
Overies.☐ 7. Newington Butts.☐ 8. In the Strand.☐ 9. Near Three
Cranes lane, Thames street.☐ 10. Whitechapel.☐ 11. White street,
Southwark.☐ 12. Wood street, Cheapside.☐
CHURCH _passage_, 1. Cloth Fair.☐ 2. Dorset street.☐ 3. Piccadilly.☐
CHURCH _row_, near Aldgate.☐
CHURCH _stairs_, Rotherhith.☐
CHURCH _street_, 1. Bernbridge street.☐ 2. Coverlead fields.☐ 3. St.
Giles’s street.☐ 4. Hackney.☐ 5. Hoxton.☐ 6. Lambeth.☐ 7. Long
Acre.☐ 8. Millbank.☐ 9. Prescot street.☐ 10. Rotherhith.☐ 11.
Sclater street.☐ 12. Shoreditch fields.☐ 13. Soho.☐ 14.
Spitalfields.☐ 15. Stepney Causeway.☐ 16. Swan fields.☐
CHURCH YARD _alley_, 1. Cartwright street.☐ 2. Chick lane.☐ 3. Fetter
lane.☐ 4. Harp alley.☐ 5. Hole stairs.☐ 6. Rosemary lane.☐ 7.
Rotherhith wall.☐ 8. Shoe lane.☐ 9. Thames street.☐ 10. St. Thomas’s
street, Southwark.☐ 11. Tooley street.☐
CHURCH YARD _court_, 1. Botolph lane.☐ 2. Inner Temple.☐
CHURCH YARD _lane_, St. Thomas’s street, Southwark.☐
CHYMISTERS _alley_, Bedfordbury.
CINNAMON _alley_, Turnmill street.
CINNAMON _street_, 1. Near Old Gravel lane. 2. Near Wapping dock.
CISE _yard_, Whitechapel.
CIVET CAT _alley_, Bunhill row.*
CLANDON. There are two towns of this name, in Surry, lying near each
other, and distinguished by their situation with respect to each
other. West Clandon is twenty-six miles from London, and is the
manor of the Lord Onslow, whose title is Lord of Onslow and Clandon,
and whose seat is near the church. It is a noble edifice, erected
after an Italian model. The gardens are beautiful, and laid out in
the modern taste. It has plenty of good water, and commands a
delightful and extensive prospect as far as Windsor. The house is
seen from the road up a grand avenue, and appears to be, what it
really is, one of the finest seats in that part of the kingdom.
East Clandon lies about two miles to the east of the last mentioned
village, and was anciently the estate of Gerard Lord Aungier, of the
kingdom of Ireland, who had a house and park here. In the
neighbourhood of East Clandon is the seat of Admiral Boscawen.
CLAPHAM, a village three miles from London, in the road to Richmond.
CLAPTON, a village adjoining to Hackney.
_Abbey of St._ CLARE. See MINORIES.
CLARE _court_, Drury lane.†
CLARE _market_, Lincoln’s Inn fields, has a considerable trade for
flesh, greens, &c.
CLARE _street_, Clare market.†
CLARE’S _yard_, Barnaby street.†
[Illustration:
_Claremont._
_S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sculp._
]
CLAREMONT, is the seat of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle at Esher.
The house was designed and built by the late Sir John Vanbrugh, in a
whimsical style of architecture, which is better shewn in the print
than described. It was afterwards purchased of Sir John by his
Grace, who has been at great expence in improving the place. The
structure, though singular, does not appear to be irregular. It is
built of brick with a good deal of variety in it, and of
considerable extent, but not much elevated. The Duke has since built
a grand room for the reception of company when numerous, which makes
the ends of the house not appear similar. The house has a lawn in
the front shaded on each side with trees, and the ground behind it
rising gradually shews the trees there also, so that the house
appears to be embowered by them except just in the front; and the
white summer house with four little pinacles, one at each corner,
built on the mount which gives name to the place, when viewed from
before the front of the house, rises up finely from behind the
trees, and all together forms a very pleasing appearance. The park
in which it is situated is distinguished by its noble woods, lawns,
walks, mounts, prospects, &c. The summer house call’d the Belvedere,
at about a mile distance from the house, on that side of the park
next Esher, affords a very beautiful and extensive view of the
country quite round; yet that from the summer house at Esher place,
which is just by, is perhaps no way inferior to it.
CLARGES _street_, Hyde Park road. Thus named from Sir Thomas Clarges.
CLARKE’S _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street.† 2. Vine street, Hatton
wall.† 3. Whitechapel.†
CLARKE’S _orchard_, Rotherhith wall.†
CLARKE’S _rents_, 1. Grub street. 2. St. Catharine’s lane.†
CLARKE’S _yard_, 1. Cock alley, London wall.† 2. Upper ground.†
CLAYTON’S _rents_, King street.†
CLEAVELAND _court_, Cleaveland row, St. James’s street; formerly a
large house called Berkshire house; which being purchased by the
Duchess of Cleaveland, took her name; on the same ground are now
built several handsome houses.
CLEAVELAND _row_, St. James’s.
CLEAVELAND _street_, by St. James’s palace.
CLEAVELAND _yard_, near St. James’s square.
_St._ CLEMENT’S _Church_ in the Strand, also called _St._ CLEMENT
DANES, is supposed to be dedicated to Pope Clement I. who suffered
martyrdom in the reign of Trajan, and obtained the name of _Danes_
from its being dedicated to their use. A church has been situated in
the same place at least ever since the year 700; but the present
edifice began to be erected in 1680, and was compleated in two
years, but the steeple was not added till several years after.
The body of the church, which is of stone, has two series of
windows, the lower plain and the upper well ornamented, and the
termination is by an attic, whose pilasters are crowned with vases.
On the south side it is entered by a portico to which there is an
ascent of a few steps, this portico is covered with a dome supported
by Ionic columns. Opposite to this there is another, and on each
side the base of the steeple in the west front is a small square
tower with its dome. The steeple is carried to a great height in
several stages: where it begins to diminish the Ionic order takes
place, and upon its entablature supports vases. The next stage is
Corinthian, and above that stands the Composite supporting a dome
which is crowned with a smaller one, from whence rises the ball and
its fane.
The author of the _New Critical Review of the publick Buildings_
justly censures the situation of this church in the midst of the
street, and their having “in compliance with the superstitious
custom of placing it in a due east and west situation, crowded the
backside of the church into the face of the people, though they had
room enough to build it otherwise, and prevent so capital a
nuisance.” This church is a rectory, in the patronage of the Earl of
Exeter.
_St._ CLEMENT’S _Eastcheap_, on the east side of St. Clement’s lane,
Lombard street. The old church was destroyed by the dreadful
conflagration in 1666, and upon its ruin the present edifice arose.
It is a very plain neat structure, with a tower crowned only by a
battlement.
This church is a rectory, with the parish of St. Mary Ongars added
to it; the advowson is in the Bishop of London. The Rector receives
140_l._ _per annum_ in lieu of tithes. _Newc. Repert. Eccles._
_St._ CLEMENT’S _Church yard_, in the Strand.
CLEMENT’S _court_, Milk street.
CLEMENT’S, or _St._ CLEMENT’S INN, on the north side of Wych street,
is thus called from its being near St. Clement’s church. It is one
of the inns of chancery, and has three courts one within another,
which consists of old buildings, except a row in the garden, which
is well built.
CLEMENT’S INN _court_, Clement’s Inn.
CLEMENT’S _lane_, 1. Clare market.☐ 2. Clement’s Inn.☐
_St._ CLEMENT’S _lane_, Lombard street.
_St._ CLEMENT’S WELL, a celebrated fountain, which was many years ago
one of the three principal springs at which the city youths, on
festival days, used to entertain themselves with a variety of
diversions. But it is now covered up, and a pump placed over it, at
the east side of St. Clements Inn, and lower end of St. Clement’s
lane. _Maitland._
CLERGYMEN’S _Widows_, and _Children_. See an account of the
corporation formed for their relief under the article CORPORATION.
CLERK _of the Essoins_, _Juries_, _King’s Silver_, _Supersedeas_,
_&c._ See an account of their several employments and offices, under
the articles ESSOINS, JURIES, KING’S SILVER, &c.
CLERKS. The Parish Clerks were incorporated by Henry III. in the year
1233, by the name of _The fraternity of St. Nicholas_, by which they
were known till they were incorporated by charter in 1611. By a
decree of the court of Star chamber, they obtained the privilege of
keeping a printing press in their hall, for printing the bill of
mortality, they being strictly enjoined by their charter to make a
report of all the christenings and burials in their respective
parishes by six o’clock, on Thursday in the afternoon; but this is
by a by-law changed to two o’clock on the same day, that the King
and the Lord Mayor may have the account the day before its
publication. This list is however extremely defective; for as there
are above an hundred meeting houses in the bills of mortality, the
members of which never have their children christened in the parish
churches, though the far greater number of their dead are interred
in the parochial burying grounds, the burials in these lists are
made greatly to exceed the christenings; and hence very grave
remarks have been made on the unhealthfulness of the city, and the
vices of its inhabitants.
This company consists of a Master, two Wardens, seventeen
Assistants, and the whole body of parish clerks within the bills of
mortality; who have a commodious hall in Wood street.
CLERKS, or CLERKEN WELL, a spring at the lower end of Clerkenwell
green, in Rag street, opposite Mutton lane, was so called from the
parish clerks of the city annually meeting there to exhibit dramatic
representations of certain parts of scripture; for which they were
so famous, that not only the Lord Mayor and citizens, but even the
nobility were their spectators. From this well a neighbouring priory
with the church and parish were denominated Clerkenwell. _Maitland._
CLERKENWELL _Church_. See St. JAMES’S Clerkenwell.
CLERKENWELL _close_, a street on the north side of Clerkenwell green.
CLERKENWELL _green_, on the south side of St. James’s church,
Clerkenwell.
CLERKENWELL _Priory of Nuns_, was founded by Jordan Briset, a wealthy
Baron, about the year 1100, in a field adjoining to Clerks, or
Clerken Well, and dedicated to the honour of God, and the assumption
of the blessed Virgin. This priory continued till it was suppressed
by Henry VIII. in the year 1539, when its revenues were found to
amount to 262_l._ 19_s._ _per annum_. On the north east side of St.
James’s church, which anciently belonged to this priory, is still to
be seen the ambulatory, or south side row of this priory, consisting
of six arches; and tho’ the eastern part of the cloister be
destroyed, yet the nuns hall, which was situated at the north end,
is still remaining, tho’ at present it is converted into a work
shop, and the garden on the east side was formerly the cemetery
belonging to the nunnery. _Maitland._
CLIFFORD’S INN, one of the Inns of Chancery, is situated behind St.
Dunstan’s church in Fleet street, and is much improved by new
buildings. It has three courts, and a garden adorned with rows of
lime trees set round the grass plats, and with gravel walks, which
are kept in good order. This Inn took its name from its being
anciently the house of the Lord Clifford.
CLIFFORD’S INN _lane_, Fleet street.☐
CLIFFORD’S _street_, New Bond street.†
CLINCARD’S _alley_, Westminster market.
CLINK LIBERTY COURT, a court of record kept on the Bank side in
Southwark by the Bishop of Winchester’s steward, before whom are
tried pleas of debt, damage and trespass, for any sum. Here also is
a court leet in which things peculiar to that court are managed.
_Maitland._
CLINK _prison_, in Clink street, belongs to the liberty of the Bishop
of Winchester, called the Clink liberty, but is little used. It is a
very dismal hole, where debtors are sometimes confined.
CLINK _street_, begins at Deadman’s place, and extends to St. Mary
Overy’s dock.
CLINK _yard_, Clink street.
CLOAK _lane_, Dowgate hill.
CLOAK AND WHEATSHEAF _alley_, Houndsditch.*
CLOAK AND WHEATSHEAF _court_, Houndsditch.*
CLOCKMAKERS. Charles I. incorporated this company by letters patent in
the year 1632. They have a Master, three Wardens, and twenty-eight
Assistants; but neither livery nor hall.
CLOISTERS, 1. In the Middle Temple. 2. St. Bartholomew’s hospital.
CLOISTER _court_, 1. Inner Temple.☐ 2. Black Friars.☐
CLOISTERS _court_, Glasshouse yard, Water lane, near White Friars.☐
CLOTH FAIR, Smithfield. King Henry II. granting to the priory of St.
Bartholomew, the privilege of a fair to be kept annually at
Bartholomew tide, the clothiers of England and the London drapers
repaired thither, and had their booths and stalls within the church
yard of that priory; this place being built into a narrow street,
still retains the name of Cloth Fair; and in conformity to its name
several eminent woollen drapers still live there.
CLOTH _yard_, Dunning’s alley.
CLOTHWORKERS, one of the twelve principal companies, was incorporated
by letters patent granted by King Edward IV. in the year 1482, by
the name of _The fraternity of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin
Mary, of the Sheermen of London_: but being reincorporated by Queen
Elizabeth, she changed their first appellation, to that of _The
Master, Wardens, and Commonalty of freemen of the art and mystery of
Clothworkers of the city of London_; which title was confirmed by
Charles I.
This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, and thirty-two
Assistants, with a livery of 154 members, each of whom, upon his
admission, pays a fine of 20_l._ They have a very large estate, out
of which they annually pay to the poor about 1400_l._
CLOTHWORKERS HALL is situated near the north east end of Mincing lane,
and is a brick building with fluted columns of brick crowned with
Corinthian capitals of stone. The hall is a lofty room wainscoted up
to the ceiling, which is adorned with fretwork. The screen at the
south end is of oak, and ornamented with four pilasters that have
their entablature and compass pediment of the Corinthian order. At
the west end are the figures of King James and King Charles I. in
their robes, carved as big as the life, and on the windows are
painted the King’s arms, those of the city, the clothworkers
company, and several others, belonging to the masters of that
fraternity.
CLUB _row_, Cock lane, Shoreditch.
CLUN’S _yard_, Grub street.†
COACH AND HORSES _yard_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Coleman street.* 3.
Fann’s alley.* 4. Oxford street.* 5. St. John’s street.* 6. Wood
street, Cheapside.*
COACHMAKERS. This company was incorporated by letters patent of
Charles II. in the year 1677, by the title of _The Master, Wardens,
Assistants, and Commonalty of the company of Coach and
Coach-harness-makers of London_. It is governed by a Master, three
Wardens, twenty-three Assistants, and one hundred and four
Liverymen, each of whom upon their admission pay a fine of 10_l._
They have a spacious hall in Noble street.
COACHES. See HACKNEY COACHES.
COAL _alley_, Whitechapel.
COAL _Exchange_, Billingsgate.
COAL HARBOUR, Thames street. See the article COLD HARBOUR.
COAL _stairs_, Lower Shadwell.
COAL _wharf_, near the Strand.
COAL _yard_, 1. Goswell street. 2. High Holborn. 3. Willow street,
Bank side.
COALMAN’S _alley_, Puddle dock.†
COALMETERS, fifteen officers in the port of London, to whom belong the
care and inspection of the just measure and weight of coals; each of
whom is allowed four deputies or under-meters, who must be approved
by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, as upon them the care of weighing
and measuring coals principally depends; their business being to
attend each ship, in order to observe the due weight and
admeasurement, to top the vats, and to return an account of the
coals measured to the coal office, by which return or certificate of
the under-meters, the duties on coals are collected. For this
trouble they receive the fee of a penny _per_ chaldron for all coals
measured, and two pence _per_ ton for all coals weighed: and both
the principal and under-meters take an oath at their admission into
their office, to give just measure to rich and poor without
partiality or favour; to buy no coals except for their own use, nor
ever to sell coals while in that office, or to take any more for
their trouble than was anciently allowed.
COALMETERS _Office_, in Church alley, St. Dunstan’s hill. In this
office, which belongs to the fifteen upper coalmeters, is entered
all the ships that arrive in the port of London with coals, and the
quantity measured or weighed; in order to ascertain the duties to be
paid, as well as to prevent impositions and frauds with respect to
the subject.
Mr. Maitland gives the following septenary account, from the Custom
House entry book, of the coals imported into the port of London.
┌───────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┐
│Years. │ 1726. │ 1727. │ 1728. │ 1729. │ │
│Chald. │479,336 │417,974 │536,019 │497,167 │ │
├───────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┤
│Years. │ 1730. │ 1731. │ 1732. │ Total. │ Medium │
│Chald. │460,615 │478,411 │453,503 │3,323,025│474,717 │
└───────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┴────────
But as both London and Westminster have been prodigiously increased
since the last of these years, by a vast number of entire streets
being built, we may conclude that this account falls extremely short
of the quantity now annually imported into the same port.
COAT’S _farm_, Coat’s lane.†
COAT’S _lane_, Bethnal green.†
COBB’S _court_, Black Friars.†
COBB’S _yard_, 1. Blackman’s street.† 2. Petticoat lane.†
COBHAM, a town in Surry, situated on the river Mole, six miles from
Epsom, in the road from London to Guilford.
Near Cobham are several fine seats, particularly one belonging to
the Lord Ligonier, and another, the seat of Mr. Bridges, which is
built in a very singular taste, tho’ very plain on the outside,
somewhat after the manner of an Italian villa. The principal rooms
are richly ornamented; the ceilings are gilt; and the offices below
are not only convenient, but contrived with great judgment, so as to
answer the purposes for which they were designed. As the house is
situated on an eminence, it commands the prospect of the adjacent
fields, which are kept in great order. The river Mole passes along
by the side of the gardens, and being made here four or five times,
broader than it was naturally, it has a happy effect, especially as
the banks are disposed into a slope, with a broad grass walk,
planted on each side with sweet shrubs. At one end of this walk is a
very elegant room, which is a delightful retreat in hot weather, it
being shaded with large elms on the south side, and having the water
on the north and east sides, is extremely cool and pleasant. The
house is situated about half a mile from the public road to
Portsmouth, and is so much hid by the trees near it, as not to be
seen till you rise on the heath beyond Cobham, where you have a fine
view of it in several parts of the road between that town and
Ripley.
COCK _alley_, 1. Deadman’s place.* 2. East Smithfield.* 3. Fleet
lane.* 4. Green bank, Tooley street.* 5. Holiwell street,
Shoreditch.* 6. Ludgate street.* 7. Montague close.* 8. Moorgate.*
9. Near Pepper alley, Southwark.* 10. Norton Falgate.* 11. Portpool
lane.* 12. Shoreditch.* 13. Turnmill street.* 14. Wapping.* 15.
Whitechapel.* 16. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
COCK ALLEY _stairs_, near Pepper alley stairs, Southwark.*
COCK _court_, 1. Angel alley, Houndsditch.* 2. Black Boy alley, Chick
lane.* 3. Grub street, near Moorfields.* 4. Ludgate hill.* 5. St.
Martin’s le Grand.* 6. New street, Broad street.* 7. Philip lane,
London Wall.* 8. Poor Jewry lane.* 9. Snow hill.*
COCK AND BOTTLE _court_, near Nightingale lane.*
COCK AND HOOP _court_, Addle hill.*
COCK AND MAGPYE _court_, Hog lane, Norton Falgate.*
COCK AND WHEATSHEAF _court_, Houndsditch.*
COCK _hill_, 1. Anchor street. 2. Ratcliff.