chapel, at Hoxton. 3. Audley street chapel. 4. Bancroft’s almshouse
chapel. 5. Banqueting house chapel, Whitehall. 6. Berwick street
chapel, Old Soho. 7. Bridewell hospital chapel. 8. Charter house
chapel. 9. College almshouse chapel, Deadman’s place. 10. Conduit
street chapel. 11. Coopers almshouse chapel, Ratcliff. 12. Curzon
street chapel. 13. Dacre’s chapel, Westminster. 14. Draper’s almshouse
chapel, Blackman street. 15. also at Newington Butts. 16. Duke’s
street chapel, Westminster. 17. Ely house chapel, Holborn hill. 18.
Fishmongers almshouse chapel, Newington Butts. 19. Fleet Prison
chapel. 20. Foundling hospital chapel. 21. Gray’s Inn chapel, Gray’s
Inn. 22. Great Queen street chapel, Lincoln’s Inn fields. 23. Gresham
College chapel, Bishopsgate street. 24. Grosvenor square chapel,
Audley’s street. 25. Guildhall chapel. 26. Guy’s hospital chapel,
Southwark. 27. Hill’s chapel, Rochester row, Westminster. 28.
Jeffries’s hospital chapel, Kingsland road. 29. Kensington palace
chapel. 30. King’s bench prison chapel, Southwark. 31. Kingsland
hospital chapel, Kingsland. 32. King’s street chapel, Oxford street.
33. Knight’s-bridge chapel, Knight’s-bridge. 34. Lamb’s chapel,
Monkwell street. 35. Lincoln’s Inn chapel, Chancery lane. 36. Lock
hospital chapel, Southwark. 37. Long Acre chapel, Long Acre. 38.
London infirmary chapel, Whitechapel. 39. London workhouse chapel,
Bishopsgate street. 40. Ludgate prison chapel. 41. Magdalen hospital
chapel, Goodman’s fields. 42. May fair chapel, May fair. 43. Mercers
chapel, Cheapside. 44. New Chapel, Westminster. 45. Newgate prison
chapel. 46. New street chapel, St. Giles’s in the fields. 47. Owen’s
almshouse chapel, Islington. 48. Oxendon chapel, near the Haymarket.
49. Oxford chapel, Marybon fields. 50. Palmer’s hospital chapel,
Westminster. 51. Petticoat lane chapel, Whitechapel. 52. Poultry
Compter chapel. 53. Queen square chapel, Westminster. 54. Queen street
chapel, Bloomsbury. 55. Ram’s chapel, Homerton, Hackney. 56. Rolls
chapel, Chancery lane. 57. Russel court chapel, Drury lane. 58. St.
James’s palace chapel. 59. St. John’s chapel, Clerkenwell. 60. St.
John’s chapel, near Red Lion street. 61. St. Margaret’s chapel. Chapel
street. 62. St. Martin’s almshouse chapel, Hog lane. 63. St. Thomas’s
hospital chapel, Southwark. 64. Serjeants inn chapel, Chancery lane.
65. Skinner’s almshouse chapel, Mile end. 66. Somerset house chapel.
67. Spring garden chapel, Charing Cross. 68. Staple’s inn chapel,
Holborn. 69. Trinity almshouse chapel, Mile end. 70. Vintners
almshouse chapel, Mile end. 71. Whitechapel prison chapel. 72.
Whitington’s college chapel, College hill. 73. Wheeler’s chapel,
Spitalfields. 74. Wood street Compter chapel, Wood-street.
_French_ CHAPELS. 1. Black Eagle street chapel, Spitalfields. 2. Berwick
street chapel, Old Soho. 3. Brown’s lane chapel, Spitalfields. 4.
Castle street chapel Green street. 5. Crispin’s street chapel,
Spitalfields. 6. Friery chapel, Pallmall. 7. Hog lane chapel, Soho. 8.
Little Chapel street chapel, Old Soho. 9. Little Rider’s court chapel,
Little Newport street. 10. Mary le Bon chapel, St. Mary le Bon. 11.
Milk alley chapel, Wapping. 12. Orange street chapel, Hedge lane. 13.
Petticoat lane chapel. 14. St. John’s street chapel, Swanfields,
Shoreditch. 15. St. Martin’s lane chapel, Canon street. E. 16. Savoy
chapel, in the Savoy. E. 17. Slaughter’s street chapel, Swanfields,
Shoreditch. 18. Spring garden chapel, Charing Cross. 19. Threadneedle
street chapel. E. 20. Three crown court chapel, Spitalfields. 21. West
street chapel, Soho.
_German_, _Dutch_ and other CHAPELS. 1. Danish chapel, Well close
square. 2. Dutch chapel, St. Augustine Friars. 3. and in the Savoy. 4.
German chapel, in St. James’s Palace. E. 5. and in the Savoy. E. 6.
German chapel, in Trinity lane. E. 7. Swedish chapel, Prince’s square,
Ratcliff highway.
The chapels of the French, Dutch, and Germans, might perhaps with
greater propriety be placed among the meeting houses of the Protestant
dissenters, except those mark’d with an E, which properly belong to
those of the established religion; the Common Prayer being read in
French or German, and worship performed nearly in the same manner as
in the national church.
_Popish_ CHAPELS _of Foreign Ministers_. 1. French Ambassador’s in Greek
street. 2. Imperial Ambassador’s, Hanover square. 3. Portuguese
Ambassador’s, in Golden square. 4. Sardinian Ambassador’s, Lincoln’s
Inn fields. 5. Venetian Ambassador’s, Suffolk street.
CHAPEL _alley_, 1. near Oxford street.☐ 2. Long Acre.☐
CHAPEL _court_, 1. Audley street.☐ 2. Gilbert street, Bloomsbury.☐ 3.
Henrietta street, Cavendish square.☐ 4. Lincoln’s Inn.☐
CHAPEL _passage_, Gray’s Inn.☐
CHAPEL _street_, 1. Audley street.☐ 2. Broad Way, Westminster.☐ 3. Long
Acre.☐ 4. Red Lion street, Holborn.☐ 5. Wardour street.☐
CHAPMAN’S _court_, George street, Tothill side.☐
CHAPMAN’S _rents_, Barnaby street.☐
CHAPMAN’S _yard_, Goodman’s fields.☐
CHAPTER HOUSE, on the north side of St. Paul’s church yard. This is a
handsome building, belonging to St. Paul’s, in which the Convocation
of the province of Canterbury sat to consult about ecclesiastical
affairs, and to form canons for the government of the church: but tho’
the upper and lower house are called by the King’s writ at every
session of parliament, they are now constantly prorogued, and
dismissed by his Majesty’s authority.
CHAPTER HOUSE _court_, St. Paul’s church yard.☐
CHARING CROSS, opposite the west end of the Strand, is so denominated
from a village called Charing, in which Edward I. caused a magnificent
cross to be erected in commemoration of his beloved Queen Eleanor,
part of which continued till the civil wars in the reign of Charles I.
when it was entirely destroyed by the populace, as a monument of
popish superstition. _Stow._ However, after the restoration an
equestrian statue of King Charles I. was erected on the spot where
this cross stood, which is still, tho’ very improperly, called Charing
Cross. This statue has the advantage of being well placed; the
pedestal is finely elevated, and the horse full of fire and spirit;
but the man is not perhaps equally well executed: so that upon the
whole it can neither be generally condemned, nor universally
admired.[2] Its situation is shewn in the view of Northumberland
House.
Footnote 2:
It is said that Oliver Cromwell after King Charles I. was beheaded,
ordered this statue to be taken down and sold to a founder to melt,
but that a royalist contrived to get it, and kept it concealed till
the restoration, when it was again set up.
CHARING CROSS _court_, Charing Cross.
CHARING CROSS _yard_, Forest street, Lambeth.
CHARITABLE CORPORATION OFFICE, Spring Garden, Charing Cross. This
Society was incorporated by Queen Anne in the year 1708, for the
relief of the industrious poor, by assisting them with small sums,
lent upon pledges at legal interest. For this purpose the corporation
were impowered to raise a fund not less than 20, nor more than
30,000_l._ but this sum being afterwards increased by additional
grants to 600,000_l._ was, instead of being employed to the mutual
advantage of the poor, and of the proprietors, villainously embezzled
by the company’s cashier, warehouse keeper, and others, the two former
of whom fled to France to shelter themselves from justice. Upon this
the proprietors applied to parliament, and had a lottery granted for
their relief; while those who had fled were invited to return and
produce the books and effects of the corporation; and on their not
complying were declared felons.
This corporation were by their charter enjoined not to interfere with
the Bank of England by discounting of bills; nor to trade in any other
business but that of lending money upon pledges, which they were to
advance upon legal interest, and a reasonable allowance for charges.
Their affairs were under the direction of a committee of seven of the
proprietors, three or more of whom constituted a court, impowered to
make by-laws for the better government of the company, and to appoint
their cashier, warehouse keepers, accomptant, clerks, &c.
During the prosperity of this corporation they had two offices, one in
Spring Garden, and the other on Laurence Poulteney’s hill; but their
misfortunes occasioned that in the city to be laid aside.
CHARITY _alley_, near St. Thomas street Southwark.
CHARITY _court_, Aldersgate street.
CHARLES _court_, 1. Bartholomew close. 2. Near Hungerford market. 3. In
the Strand.
CHARLES’S _rents_, St. George’s fields.
CHARLES’S _square_, a small neat square near Pitfield street, Hoxton: a
grass plat in the area is surrounded with wooden rails, and a row of
trees on each side, all cut in the manner of a cone, or sugar loaf.
The houses, which take up only two sides and a part of a third, are
handsome buildings; and the rest of the square is separated from the
neighbouring gardens by rows of pales.
CHARLES _street_, 1. Black Friars. 2. Bridgewater gardens. 3. Covent
garden. 4. St. James’s square. 5. Grosvenor square. 6. King’s street,
Westminster. 7. Long Acre. 8. Old Gravel lane. 9. Oxford street. 10.
Pitfield street, Hoxton. 11. Russel street, Covent garden. 12.
Westminster.
CHARLTON, a pleasant well-built village in Kent, on the edge of
Blackheath; famous for a very disorderly fair held in its
neighbourhood, on St. Luke’s day, when the mob who wear horns on their
heads, take all kinds of liberties, and the lewd and vulgar among the
women give a loose to all manner of indecency. This is called Horn
Fair, and there are sold at it, Rams horns, horn toys and wares of all
sorts. Of this fair a vulgar tradition gives the following origin:
King John having a palace at Eltham, in this neighbourhood, and being
hunting near Charlton, then a mean hamlet, was separated from his
attendants, when entering a cottage he admired the beauty of the
mistress, whom he found alone, and debauched her; her husband,
however, suddenly returning, caught them in the fact, and threatening
to kill them both, the King was forced to discover himself, and to
purchase his safety with gold, besides which he gave him all the land,
from thence as far as the place now called Cuckold’s Point, and also
bestowing on him the whole hamlet, established a fair, as a condition
of his holding his new demesne, in which horns were both to be sold
and worn. A sermon is preached on the fair day in the church, which is
one of the handsomest in the county, and was repaired by Sir Edward
Newton, Bart. to whom King James I. granted this manor. This gentleman
built his house at the entrance of the village: it is a long Gothic
structure, with four turrets on the top; it has a spacious court yard
in the front, with two large Gothic piers to the gates, and on the
outside of the wall is a long row of some of the oldest cypress trees
in England. Behind the house are large gardens, and beyond these a
small park which joins to Woolwich common. This house now belongs to
the Earl of Egmont.
On the edge of the hill, and at a small distance from the church, are
two fine houses, one of which was in the possession of the late
Governor Hunter, and the other was erected by the late Lord Romney.
The gardens being on the side of the hill, slope down towards the
river, and render the prospect very delightful in summer, from the
extensive view they afford of the country, and of the great number of
ships that are generally sailing by every tide: but being fully
exposed to the north wind, the fruit trees are generally blighted; and
in winter time the air is said to be made unwholesome by the water
which frequently overflows the neighbouring plains.
CHARTERHOUSE. This edifice was originally a religious foundation. In the
year 1349 a terrible pestilence swept off more than half the
inhabitants of London; and the church yards being unable to contain
the dead, Sir Walter Manny, Bart. a foreign gentleman, who had been
honoured with the order of the Garter by King Edward III. for his
bravery in the field, purchased for a burial ground a spot of thirteen
acres, where the Charterhouse now stands, and 50,000 persons are said
to have been buried there in the space of that year.
The following year that public benefactor built a chapel upon the
spot, according to the religion of those times, for prayers to be said
for the souls of all who had been interred there, and afterwards
founded a monastery of the Carthusians in the same place. This
monastery, by the corruption of the word _Cartreux_, by which the
French mean a Carthusian house, obtained the name of Charterhouse.
This monastery being dissolved at the reformation, at length fell to
the Earl of Suffolk, who disposed of it to Thomas Sutton, Esq; a
citizen of London, for 13,000_l._ The latter then applied to King
James I. for a patent for his intended charitable foundation, which
was readily granted in the year 1611, and confirmed by parliament in
1628. The expence of fitting up the house for the reception of his
pensioners and scholars amounted to 7000_l._ which added to the
purchase money, made 20,000_l._ But this was not all, he endowed his
hospital and school with fifteen manors, and other lands, to the value
of above 4490_l._ _per annum_. And the estate is at present improved
to above 6000_l._ a year.
In this house are maintained eighty pensioners, who, according to the
institution are gentlemen, merchants, or soldiers, who are fallen into
misfortunes. These are provided with handsome apartments, and all the
necessaries of life, except cloaths, instead of which each of them is
allowed a gown, and 7_l._ _per annum_.
There are also forty-four boys supported in the house, where they have
handsome lodgings, and are instructed in classical learning, &c.
Besides these, there are twenty-nine students at the universities, who
have each an allowance of 20_l._ _per annum_ for the term of eight
years. Others who are judged more fit for trades, are put out
apprentices, and the sum of 40_l._ is given with each of them. As a
farther encouragement to the scholars brought up on this foundation,
there are nine ecclesiastical preferments in the patronage of the
Governors, who, according to the constitution of the hospital, are to
confer them upon those who were educated there.
The pensioners and youths are taken in at the recommendation of the
Governors, who appoint in rotation. _Maitland._
The buildings, which are extremely rude and irregular, have nothing
but their convenience and situation to recommend them. The rooms are
well disposed, and the square in the front is very neat, and kept in
as good order as most in town. This square and the large gardens
behind, give a free air, and at one and the same time contribute both
to health and pleasure.
CHARTERHOUSE _lane_, Charterhouse square.☐
CHARTERHOUSE _square_, near West Smithfield.☐
CHARTERHOUSE _street_, Long lane, West Smithfield.☐
CHEAPSIDE, 1. From St. Paul’s church yard to the Poultry. It derives its
name from there being a market there, or in the Saxon language a
Cheap. In the year 1331, only the south side of this street Was built,
and there being a great opening on the other side King Edward III.
held jousts or tournaments there for three days together. _Maitland._
It is a spacious street, adorned with lofty buildings, inhabited by
goldsmiths, linendrapers, haberdashers, &c. extending from Paternoster
row to the Poultry. 2. There is another street called Cheapside in the
Mint, Southwark.
CHEAP WARD, is situated in the very center of the city; it being bounded
on the north by Cripplegate ward, Bassishaw ward, and Coleman street
ward; on the west by Queenhithe ward, and Cripplegate ward; on the
south by Cordwainers ward; and on the east by Broad street ward, and
Wallbrook ward: it takes its name from the Saxon word _Chepe_, a
market, there being one kept in this division of the city. This market
was from its situation known by the name of West Cheap, to distinguish
it from the market, between Candlewick street, and Tower street,
called East Cheap.
The principal streets in this ward are, Bucklersbury, the north side
of Pancras lane, part of Queen street, the Poultry, the south end of
the Old Jewry, Ironmonger lane, King street, Laurence lane, the east
end of Cheapside, as far as to the midway between the paved passage
into Honey lane market and Milk street, and part of Cateaton street.
The most remarkable buildings are, the parish churches of St. Mildred
in the Poultry, and St. Mary’s Colechurch; Guildhall, Mercer’s hall,
or Chapel, and Grocer’s hall, with the Poultry Compter.
This ward has an Alderman, and his Deputy, eleven other Common Council
men, twelve wardmote inquest men, nine scavengers, eleven constables,
and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest, serve in
the courts in Guildhall in the month of February.
CHELSEA, a very large and populous village, two miles from London,
pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames almost opposite to
Battersea. Here is the physic garden belonging to the company of
Apothecaries of London, a particular account of which the reader may
find in the article relating to that company. Sir Robert Walpole, the
late Earl of Orford, had here for some time a house adorned with a
noble collection of pictures, which was afterwards removed to
Houghton-hall in Norfolk, and is now thought the finest collection in
England[3]. There are several other private buildings worthy of the
observation of the curious. I. At this place is the house and fine
gardens that belonged to the late Earl of Ranelagh. See RANELAGH
GARDENS. Salter’s coffee house here is well known, being much
frequented on account of the great number of natural curiosities to be
seen there.
Footnote 3:
See an account lately published, entitled ÆDES WALPOLIANÆ.
CHELSEA _Hospital_, a noble edifice erected for the invalids in the land
servive. The original building on this spot was a college founded by
Dr. Sutkliff, Dean of Exeter, in the reign of King James I. for the
study of Polemic divinity, and was endowed in order to support a
Provost and Fellows, for the instruction of youth in that branch of
learning. The King, who laid the first stone, gave many of the
materials, and promoted the work by a large sum of money, and the
clergy were very liberal upon the same occasion; but the sum settled
upon the foundation by Dr. Sutkliff being far unequal to the end
proposed, the rest was left to private contributions; and these coming
in slowly, the work was stopped before it was finished, and therefore
soon fell to ruin. At length the ground on which the old college was
erected, becoming escheated to the crown, Charles II. began to erect
the present hospital, which was carried on by James II. and completed
by William and Mary.
The whole edifice, which was built by the great Sir Christopher Wren,
consists of a vast range of buildings. The front toward the north
opens into a piece of ground laid out in walks for the pensioners; and
that facing the south, into a garden which extends to the Thames, and
is kept in good order. This side affords not only a view of that fine
river, but of the county of Surry beyond it. In the center of this
edifice is a pediment supported by four columns, over which is a
handsome turret, and through this part is an opening which leads
through the building. On one side of this entrance is the chapel, the
furniture and plate of which was given by K. James I. and on the other
side is the hall, where all the pensioners dine in common, the
officers by themselves. In this hall is the picture of King Charles
II. on horseback, with several other pieces as big as the life,
designed by Signior Vario, and finished by Mr. Cook. These were
presented by the Earl of Ranelagh. The pavement of both the chapel and
hall are black and white marble. The altar piece in the chapel is the
resurrection, painted by Sebastian Ricci.
The wings, which extend east and west, join the chapel and hall to the
north, and are open towards the Thames, on the south; these are near
360 feet in length, and about 80 in breadth, they are three stories
high, and the rooms are so well disposed, and the air so happily
thrown in by means of the open spaces, that nothing can be more
pleasant. On the front of this square is a colonade extending along
the side of the hall and chapel, over which upon the cornice is the
following inscription in capitals.
_In subsidium et levamen emeritorum senio, belloque fractorum,
condidit_ CAROLUS II. _Auxit_ JACOBUS II. _Perfecere_ GULIELMUS
_et_ MARIA, _REX ET REGINA_, MDCXC.
And in the midst of the quadrangle is the statue of King Charles II.
in the ancient Roman dress, somewhat bigger than the life, standing
upon a marble pedestal. This was given by Mr. Tobias Rustat, and is
said to have cost 500_l_.
[Illustration:
_North Front of Chelsea Hospital._
]
[Illustration:
_South Front of the Same._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._
]
There are several other buildings adjoining, that form two other large
squares, and consist of apartments for the officers and servants of
the house; for old maimed officers of horse and foot, and the
infirmary for the sick. None of these are shewn in the two views we
have given, which only represent the two principal fronts of the
hospital.
An air of neatness and elegance is observable in all these buildings.
They are composed of brick and stone, and which way soever they are
viewed, there appears such a disposition of the parts as is best
suited to the purposes of the charity, the reception of a great
number, and the providing them with every thing that can contribute to
the convenience and pleasure of the pensioners.
Chelsea Hospital is more particularly remarkable for its great
regularity and proper subordination of parts, which is very apparent
in the north front. The middle is very principal, and the transition
from thence to the extremities, is very easy and delightful.
The expence of erecting these buildings is computed to amount to
150,000_l._ and the extent of the ground is above forty acres.
In the wings are sixteen wards, in which are accommodations for above
400 men, and there are besides in the other buildings, a considerable
number of apartments for officers and servants.
These pensioners consist of superannuated veterans, who have been at
least twenty years in the army; or those soldiers who are disabled in
the service of the crown. They wear red coats lined with blue, and are
provided with all other cloaths, diet, washing, and lodging. The
Governor has 500_l._ a year; the Lieutenant Governor 250_l._ and the
Major 150_l._ Thirty-six officers are allowed 6_d_. a day; thirty-four
light horsemen, and thirty serjeants, have 2_s._ a week each;
forty-eight corporals and drums have 10_d_. per week; and three
hundred and thirty-six private men, are each allowed 8_d_. a week. As
the house is called a garrison, all the members are obliged to do duty
in their respective turns; and they have prayers twice a day in the
chapel, performed by two chaplains, who have each a salary of 100_l._
a year. The physician, secretary, comptroller, deputy treasurer,
steward, and surgeon, have also each 100_l._ _per annum_, and many
other officers have considerable salaries. As to the out-pensioners,
who amount to between eight and nine thousand, they have each 7_l._
12_s._ 6_d_. a year.
These great expences are supported by a poundage deduced out of the
pay of the army, with one day’s pay once a year from each officer and
common soldier; and when there is any deficiency, it is supplied by a
sum raised by parliament. This hospital is governed by the following
commissioners; the President of the council, the first Commissioner of
the treasury, the Principal Secretary of state, the Pay master general
of the forces, the Secretary at war, the Comptrollers of the army, and
by the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the hospital.
CHELSEA _Water-works_, are under the management of a society
incorporated by act of parliament in the year 1722, by the name of
_The Governor and Company of the Chelsea Water-works_. They have a
common seal, and power to purchase lands, &c. in mortmain to the value
of 1000_l._ _per annum_, with a right to alienate and dispose of the
same as they shall think proper. These works are divided into two
thousand shares. The company’s affairs are managed by a Governor,
Deputy Governor, and thirteen Directors.
CHELTON _court_, Bedfordbury.
CHENEY’S _alley_, Shoreditch.†
CHENEY’S _wharf_, Lower Shadwell.†
CHEQUER _alley_, 1. In the Borough.* 2. Great Old Bailey.* 3. Old
Bethlem. 4. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
CHEQUER _court_, 1. Charing Cross.* 2. Catharine’s lane.* 3. Golden
lane.*
CHEQUER _yard_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.* 2. Dowgate hill.* 3. Golden
lane. 4. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 5. Old street.* 6.
Whitechapel.*
CHERRY GARDEN _lane_, Rotherhith.‡
CHERRY GARDEN _stairs_, Rotherhith.‡
CHERRY GARDEN _street_, Rotherhith Wall.‡
CHERRY TREE _alley_, 1. Bunhill row.‡ 2. Golden lane.‡ 3. Ship street.‡
4. Whitecross street.‡
CHERRY TREE ALLEY _School_, was founded by Mr. William Worral in Cherry
Tree alley, Golden lane, in the year 1689, and endowed by him with the
annual revenue of 30_l._ for educating and cloathing forty boys, whose
livery is an orange colour, in commemoration of the revolution by the
Prince of Orange in 1688.
CHERRY TREE _corner_, Horseferry.
CHERRY TREE _court_, 1. Aldersgate street. 2. Gardiner’s lane. 3.
Piccadilly. 4. Cherubin court, Angel alley. 5. White’s alley.