=McCully, Jonathan= (1809-1877). Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1837
called to the bar, and practised in Halifax, 1849. In 1860 appointed
solicitor-general; from 1847 to 1867 member of the Legislative Council;
and served as chairman of the Board of Railways; delegate to the
Charlottetown and Quebec Conferences, 1864; appointed to the Dominion
Senate, 1867; and in 1870 judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia.
=Index=: =H= Leader of Liberal party in Nova Scotia, 1864, 177; delegate
to Charlottetown Conference, 177; edits _Morning Chronicle_, 186; firm
advocate of Confederation, 186. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova
Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.
=Macdonald, Andrew Archibald= (1829- ). Born in Brudenell, Prince
Edward Island. Engaged in business as a general merchant. Sat in Prince
Edward Island Assembly, 1853-1860; represented Kings South in
Legislative Council, 1863-1873; member of Executive Council, 1867-1871
and 1872-1873; lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, 1884-1889.
Called to the Senate, 1891. =Index=: =T= Delegate to Quebec Conference,
77. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Macdonald, Archibald.= =MS= His account of the voyage of the third
party of Red River settlers in 1813, 162-163; in charge at Red River,
173; colonists demand that he hand over field pieces, 173-174. =Bib.=:
Bryce, _The Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_.
=Macdonald, Donald Alexander= (1816-1896). Born in St. Raphael's,
Quebec. Engaged in business as railway contractor. Represented Glengarry
in the Assembly of Canada, 1857-1867, and after Confederation in the
House of Commons, 1867-1875. Postmaster-general in the Mackenzie
administration, 1873-1878; lieutenant-governor of Ontario,
1875-1880. After his retirement lived at Montreal. =Bib.=: Read,
_Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_.
=MacDonald, Hugh.= Born in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, 1827. Studied law
and called to the bar, 1855; made a Q. C., 1872. In 1859 elected member
for Inverness to the provincial Legislature. Member of a delegation,
including Joseph Howe, that visited England in 1861 to represent the
views of those opposing the Confederation of the British North American
provinces. In 1867-1873 a member of the Dominion Parliament, and in 1873
president of the Privy Council. On Nov. 5, 1873, appointed judge of the
Supreme Court of Nova Scotia; retired 1893. =Index=: =H= Delegate of
Anti-Confederation party, goes to England with Howe and Annand to oppose
Confederation, 192; expenses paid by subscription, 219. =Bib.=:
Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova
Scotia_.
=Macdonald, Hugh.= =Md= Father of Sir John A. Macdonald, native of
Sutherlandshire, removes to Glasgow, and in 1820 emigrates to Canada, 1;
settles at Kingston, 2; moves to Hay Bay, thence to Stone Mills, on Bay
of Quinte, 2; unsuccessful in business, he returns to Kingston, 1836,
and secures position in Commercial Bank, 2; his death, 1841, 2; his
character, 2.
=Macdonald, Hugh John= (1850- ). Born in Kingston, Ontario; second son
of Sir John A. Macdonald. Educated at Queen's and Toronto Universities;
called to the bar, 1872; and practised for some years with his father
and James Patton. In 1882 removed to Winnipeg, and entered into
partnership with J. S. Tupper. In 1890-1891 represented Winnipeg in the
House of Commons; in 1896 minister of the interior in the Tupper
administration; in 1897 leader of the Conservatives in Manitoba; and
from Jan. 8 to Oct. 29, 1900, premier of the province. =Index=: =Md=
Second son of Sir John A. Macdonald--represents Winnipeg in Dominion
Parliament, 10; premier of Manitoba, 10. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_;
_Canadian Who's Who_.
=Macdonald, John Alexander.= =Md= Eldest son of Sir John A.
Macdonald--accidentally killed when quite young, 10.
=Macdonald, Sir John Alexander= (1815-1891). =H= Attends Charlottetown
Conference, 1864, and proposes union of all the provinces, 178; premier
of first Dominion Cabinet, 198; Tupper writes him as to Howe's political
plans, 207; Tilley and Tupper urge him to visit Nova Scotia, 209; visits
Halifax with Sir Georges Cartier, Peter Mitchell, and William
Macdougall, 210; _Acadian Recorder_ suggests violence, 210; Howe
denounces the suggestion, 210-212; arrives in Halifax, and guest of Sir
Hastings Doyle, 213; meets Howe, 213; appears before committee of
Legislature, 213-214; urges Howe to put an end to the agitation for
repeal of the union, 215-218; persuades Howe to enter Dominion Cabinet,
225; his public letters, 257; contrasted with Howe, 287; correspondence
with Howe on Pacific Railway policy, 299-300. =R= His University Bill,
1847--its terms, 155-157; withdrawn, 156; referred to, 161; amends
Separate School Bill, 231; supports Ryerson's stand as to separate
schools, 233. =D= And the Pacific Scandal, 321. =C= His alliance with
Cartier, 31, 33; his first appearance in Parliament as an uncompromising
Tory, 31; opposed to La Fontaine, 32; votes against settlement of
Seigniorial Tenure, 32; opposes Indemnity Bill, 32; and the Pacific
Scandal, 53; his resignation, 53; at Quebec Conference--favours
legislative union of provinces, 57; defends proposed constitution,
59-60; forms first Dominion administration, 67; resists demand for
disallowance of New Brunswick Act abolishing separate schools, 74;
sympathizes with Roman Catholic minority, 76; presents Militia Bill,
1862, 87; helps Cartier to establish political union, 100; freedom from
racial or religious prejudice, 100; his qualities, 101-102; strained
relations with Cartier, 102-103; Cartier's knowledge of service to, 111;
receives knighthood, 124, 129; explains Wolseley's quarrel with Cartier,
130. =E= Becomes receiver-general in Sherwood ministry, 43; his
statesmanlike qualities, 43-44; re-elected, 1848, 50; his political
sagacity, 110; rivalry with George Brown, 114; on provincial
representation, 118; on the dissolution of Parliament in 1853, 127; on
the Representation Bill, 132, 133; Liberal-Conservative party owed its
birth to his inspiration, 137; persuades Sir Allan MacNab to agree to
coalition government, 139, 141; attorney-general in MacNab-Morin
ministry, 140; his views on Clergy Reserves, 163; takes charge of bill
for secularization of the Clergy Reserves, 168; Hincks enters his
ministry, 223; one of the builders of the British Empire--honours
conferred upon him, 225; monuments erected to his memory, 226. =B=
Relations with George Brown, x; leads his party, 42; frames bill for
settlement of Clergy Reserves, 60; reveals political sagacity, 69; on
the character of the union, 82; bitter relations with George Brown,
87-91; offers seat in Cabinet to John Sandfield Macdonald, 100; the
"Double Shuffle," 107-108; moves want of confidence in Sandfield
Macdonald government, 1863, 146; Brown's motion for constitutional
changes, 1864, takes him by surprise, 150; his account of negotiations
between George Brown and government as to Confederation, 151, 154-156;
his connection with, 152,. 154-155; announces agreement, 153, 160;
favours nominative Senate, 164; describes new constitution, in
Confederation debate, 170-171; announces in Parliament decision of
government to carry Confederation at once and send mission to England,
182; explains intentions of government, 183; on defence of Canada, 183,
184-185; goes to England, 186; relations with George Brown, 189-192;
asked to form government, 1865, 189; interview with Brown, 189-191; his
proposal that Belleau be premier accepted by Brown, 191; virtual leader
of government, 191; charged with using Brown as a stepping-stone to his
own political ambition, 199; benefits by Brown's entry into ministry,
199, 200; Holton describes his path as "studded all along by the
gravestones of his slaughtered colleagues," 201; on friendly terms with
Holton, 202; his essential conservatism, 202; relations with Macdougall
and Howland, 202, 209; with Joseph Howe, 203-206, 210; his ideal of a
legislative union, 207; anomalous position of his Liberal colleagues,
209-210; his government overthrown, 210, 235. =BL= Co-operates in
founding United Empire Association, 228; elected in 1844, 252; enters
ministry as receiver-general, 276; re-elected, 279; offers Baldwin
chief-justiceship of Common Pleas, 357; Hincks in his Cabinet, 359.
=Md= Assigned foremost place among Canadian statesmen, i; national
recognition of his services after his death by creation of peerage for
his widow, i; memorial tablet in St. Paul's Cathedral, and statues in
Canadian cities, i; his personal popularity, i-ii; his personality made
Confederation possible, ii; Canada's debt to him, iii-iv; his birth and
ancestry, 1; brought to Canada in 1820, 1; boyhood days at Kingston and
on the Bay of Quinte, 2; his debt to his mother, her strong personality,
2; educated at Kingston Grammar School, 3; Mowat's tribute, 3; studies
law, 4-5; called to the bar, 1836, 5; begins practice at age of
twenty-one, 5; Oliver Mowat and Alexander Campbell students in his
office, 6; called out as a volunteer in Rebellion of 1837, 7; defends
Schoultz and Ashley, 8-9; his first visit to England, 1842, 9; takes
Alexander Campbell into partnership, 9; elected alderman for Kingston,
10; marries his cousin, Miss Isabella Clark, Sept. 1, 1843, 10; their
children, 10; enters public life, 1854, as member for Kingston, 11-12;
his firm belief from the beginning that Canada's prosperity depended on
permanent connection with the mother country, 12; impelling motives of
his long public career, 13; unsettled problems in 1844, 13-14;
Confederation movement, 14; difficulties of his position, 15-16; his
election address, 23; takes little part in discussions during his first
session, 25; Draper recommends him for position of commissioner of crown
lands, 26; had no sympathy with political creed of Family Compact, 27;
becomes receiver-general, 27; his views on university endowment, 28-29;
Alexander Campbell's letter to, 31; opposes Rebellion Losses Bill, 36;
refuses to join the annexation movement, 40; strong supporter of British
American League, 40; acts as moderating force in conflict over Rebellion
Losses Bill, 42, 43; his character contrasted with George Brown's, 53,
54; conceives idea of Liberal-Conservative party, 62, 63; appointed
attorney-general for Upper Canada, 63; introduces bill for
secularization of Clergy Reserves, 65; Pope's pen-portrait of his
appearance and character, 73; supports measure proposing to make
Legislative Council elective, 75; has no desire and makes no effort to
hasten Sir Allan MacNab's resignation, though circumstances force him
into leadership, 76-77; resigns from the MacNab-Tache ministry, 78;
reasons for resignation, 79, 80; forms an administration with Tache, May
24, 1856, 80; his quarrel with George Brown, 80-81; challenged by
Colonel Rankin, 81-82; his views on the separate school system, 82; on
the resignation of Tache, forms an administration with Cartier, 83;
becomes premier of the province of Canada on Nov. 26, 1857, 83;
dissolves House and appeals to people on questions of separate schools
and representation by population, 84; makes proposition to Sandfield
Macdonald, which is rejected, 84, 85; forms administration with Cartier
as premier, 86; the "Double Shuffle," 86, 87; becomes less opposed to
representation by population, 89; forms administration with Sir E. P.
Tache, which lasts only a few weeks, 90; buries the hatchet and forms
coalition with Brown to work for Confederation, 93, 100-102; anticipates
results of Confederation, 103; attends Charlottetown and Quebec
Conferences, 104-114; though strongly in favour of legislative union,
modifies his views after discussion at Quebec Conference, and accepts
scheme of a federal union, 107-108, 245; introduces in Parliament the
resolutions adopted at Quebec Conference, 118, 119; one of commissioners
to British government in regard to Confederation, 120; upon death of
Tache, is called upon to form a ministry, but Brown refusing to act with
him, or with Cartier, they sit together under the nominal presidency of
Sir Narcisse Belleau, 122, 123; his answer to Lord Monck on delay in
Confederation, 124; his wariness and skill in presenting Confederation
resolutions, 126, 127; made a K. C. B. in recognition of his services
in Confederation negotiations, 128, 267, 344; first prime minister of
Dominion of Canada, 131; his second marriage, 131; granted a special
audience by the queen, 132; returns to Canada, 132; difficulties in
formation of first Dominion Cabinet, 133; list of members, 134-135; his
party adopts name of Liberal-Conservative, 138; seeks able colleagues,
139, 140; results of first Dominion election, 141; sends Tupper to
oppose Howe and his movement for repeal, 143; visits Halifax for purpose
of winning Howe over to Confederation, 144; Howe persuaded to enter
Dominion Cabinet, 145; acts passed by first Dominion Parliament, 151; on
verge of ministerial crisis over Intercolonial Railway, 153, 154; his
desire to annex North-West Territories, 156; difficulties in
accomplishing it, 157-163; introduces bill for establishment and
government of province of Manitoba, 161; taken seriously ill, 161;
returns to Ottawa, 163; goes to Washington as member of commission, 163,
165, 169; his reluctance to become a member of the commission, 171-173;
objects to any permanent sale of the fisheries, 174-175; his connection
with, and reasons for withdrawal of Fenian Raid claims, 175-178; on
decision in San Juan boundary dispute, 179-181; on the fisheries
question, 182-184; signs Washington Treaty, 185; moves ratification of
certain clauses of Washington Treaty, 186-190; general election of 1872,
193 _et seq._; the "Pacific Scandal," 200 _et seq._; his defence, 208,
209; sends in his resignation, 210; leads opposition, 211; his
resolution in favour of a national policy, 217, 225; puts the new policy
before the country, 220-223; urges preferential trade with mother
country, 227; again in power, 1878, 228; inaugurates the national policy
and reverts to transcontinental railway scheme, 234; crosses continent
on Canadian Pacific Railway, 238; firm in his conviction that Riel
should be hanged, 243, 244, 280; brings Letellier difficulty before
Parliament, 248-250; Ontario boundary dispute, 254-258; introduces
Franchise Act of 1885, 258-260; country's devotion to, 262, 263;
qualities which maintained loyalty and devotion of his followers,
263-265; Confederation honours cause a break in his friendship with
Cartier, 267, 268; introduces bill to adjust representation in House of
Commons, 273; election of 1882, 273-276; resolutions on home rule in
Ireland, 277; contrasted with Blake, 277-279; election of 1887, 279-283;
adoption of jubilee address to queen, 283; compromises with Canadian
Pacific Railway over their monopoly of transportation, 285; takes a
constitutional stand on Jesuits' Estates Act, 289; commercial union
policy, 291 _et seq._; contemplates a general election, 300-302; takes
steps to renew commercial intercourse with United States, 303; his last
appeal to electors of Dominion, 304-311; makes the most of contents of
Farrer pamphlet, 313-314; throws himself with energy into election
campaign of 1891, 314; for fourth time his government is sustained, 315;
receives a chill while attending demonstration at Napanee, 319; attends
opening of the session, 320; suffers a slight stroke of paralysis, 320;
his last appearance in the House, 320; suffers a final stroke on May 29,
1891, 321; and dies on June 6, 1891, 321; funeral, 321, 322; tribute
from Queen Victoria, 322; memorial service in Westminster Abbey, and
tablet to his memory in St. Paul's Cathedral, 322-323; a summing up of
his work and influence, 333-353; a practical politician, 333-336; his
political methods, 335-338; his personal magnetism, 339; anecdotes of,
340-341; not an orator, but an effective debater, 341-342; proposed
preferential trade in 1879, 342; in favour of Imperial federation, 343;
letter to, from Cecil Rhodes, 349; kept in touch with Imperial affairs,
344; Imperial honours bestowed on, 344-345; a self-made man, 345;
tributes to his statesmanship, 346; his sympathy with French-Canadians,
347-348; a peacemaker, 348; Lord Dufferin on, 348-349; a poor man,
349-350; sum raised for, in 1870, 351; statues to, in many Canadian
cities, 351; his greatness and shortcomings, 351-353. =T= At
Charlottetown Conference, 74, 75; at Quebec Conference, 76, 78; at
Westminster Conference, 121; presented to the Queen, 124; forms first
Dominion ministry, 127-128, 129; forms second ministry, 136; his
national policy, 137. =Bib.=: Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John Alexander
Macdonald_; Macpherson, _Life of Macdonald_; Collins, _Life and Times of
Macdonald_; Adam, _Life and Career of Macdonald_; Hopkins, _Life of
Macdonald_; Biggar, _Anecdotal Life of Macdonald_; Dent, _Can. Por._ and
_Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Macdonald, John Sandfield= (1812-1872). Born in St. Raphaels,
Glengarry. In 1840 called to the bar, and practised in Cornwall. In 1841
elected to the Parliament of the recently united provinces of Upper and
Lower Canada; and in 1849 solicitor-general in the La Fontaine-Baldwin
government. In 1852-1854 Speaker; and attorney-general in the brief
Brown-Dorion ministry; premier in 1862, and resigned, 1864. Formed the
first government of the Province of Ontario, 1867; defeated in the House
and resigned, 1871. =Index=: =E= Returned in elections of 1848, 50; his
discourtesy to Lord Elgin, 127-131; Hincks succeeds in humiliating him,
135-136. =B= Offered seat in Cabinet by John A. Macdonald, 100; enters
George Brown's ministry, 102; called on to form government, 1861, 142;
an enthusiastic advocate of the "double majority," 142; in Confederation
debate, 182-183; asks Brown to go on mission to Washington to discuss
reciprocity, 192, 196. =Md= Upholds principle of "double majority," but
later throws it overboard, 79; separate schools established by his
administration, 1862-1863, 82; refuses John A. Macdonald's offer of a
seat in the Cabinet, 1858, 84, 85; leads the moderate "Reformers,"
84-89; forms ministry with Sicotte, 1862, 88-89; government defeated
same year on vote of want of confidence, 89; refuses to resign, and
reconstructs government by joining forces with Brown, Dorion, and the
Rouges, 89; resigns, March, 1864, 90; objects to passing of resolutions
adopted at Quebec Conference without submitting them to the people, 119;
becomes leader of provincial government in Ontario at Confederation,
141; his character, 141-142. =T= Resigns in 1864, 68. =Bib.=: Dent,
_Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._
=Macdonell, Alexander.= Represented Lord Selkirk's interests as governor
of the Red River Settlement. Had been for some years in the employment
of the Hudson's Bay Company. Left the Red River Settlement, 1821, when
it was discovered that he had been lining his own pockets at the expense
of Selkirk and the settlers. Popularly known as _Gouverneur Sauterelle_,
or the Grasshopper Governor. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Manitoba_ and _The Romantic
Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_; Ross, _Red River Settlement_.
=Macdonell, Alexander.= =MS= Sheriff of the home district, Upper Canada,
133; Selkirk puts him in charge of the Baldoon Settlement, near Lake St.
Clair, Upper Canada, 133.
=Macdonell, Alexander.= =MS= Sent by North West Company, with Duncan
Cameron, to Red River, to break up the Red River Settlement, 172-173;
leads attack on the colonists, 175. =Bib.=: Bryce, _The Romantic
Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_.
=Macdonell, Alexander= (1769-1840). Born at Glen Urquhart, Scotland.
Raised a Roman Catholic regiment of which he was appointed chaplain and
saw service in Ireland; after the regiment had been disbanded, succeeded
in bringing the men to Canada in 1803-1804, and obtained for them an
extensive tract of land on the St. Lawrence, in what is now Glengarry
County. When the War of 1812 was threatened, assisted in raising the
Glengarry Fencibles and accompanied them into action. In 1826
consecrated bishop of Kingston. In 1839 returned to England to promote a
scheme of emigration from the Highlands, and died at Dumfries the
following year. =Index=: =Bk= Recommended as chaplain of Glengarry
corps, 97. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Macdonell, _Sketches
Illustrating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_.
=Macdonell, George= (1770-1870). Member of the well-known Glengarry
family of that name. Served for several years in the King's Regiment;
instrumental in organizing the Glengarry Fencibles in 1811, of which he
was given command. Served with distinction in the War of 1812,
particularly in the capture of Ogdensburg and the battle of Chateauguay.
=Index=: =Bk= Becomes colonel of Glengarry Fencibles, 180. =Bib.=:
Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Macdonell, _Sketches Illustrating the
Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_. _See also_ War of
1812.
=Macdonell, John.= =S= Speaker of first Assembly of Upper Canada, 80,
85.
=Macdonell, Lieutenant-Colonel John.= Born in Glengarry; son of
Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Macdonell, of the 1st Glengarry militia.
Present at the capture of Detroit and mentioned in despatches. In 1812
aide-de-camp to Sir Isaac Brock, and took an important part in the
battle of Queenston Heights, where he was killed. At the time of his
appointment to General Brock's staff was acting attorney-general of
Upper Canada. =Index=: =Bk= Proposes to raise corps from among Scottish
settlers in Glengarry, 97; his report on American fort at Detroit, 190;
Brock makes him his aide-de-camp, 230; carries summons for surrender of
Detroit, 251, 255; death of, at Queenston Heights, 306. =Bib.=: Lucas,
_Canadian War of 1812_; Edgar, _Ten Years of Upper Canada_; Macdonell,
_Sketches Illustrating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in
Canada_. _See also_ War of 1812.
=Macdonell, Miles= (1767-1828). Governor of Assiniboia. Born in
Scotland. Came to America with his father, Colonel John Macdonell, in
1773; and entered the army. In 1794 lieutenant in the Royal Canadian
Volunteers, and captain in 1796. Appointed by Lord Selkirk governor of
his projected colony on Red River, and arrived there with a party of
colonists in 1812. Opposition on the part of the North West Company
culminated in an attack, June 11, 1815, by the Company's agents, on the
colonists, and Macdonell, to avoid bloodshed, surrendered. A threatened
trial at Montreal fell through, and returned to Red River Settlement,
where for nearly twelve years was one of its leading pioneers. =Index=:
=MS= Quoted on Selkirk's Red River scheme, 100; a United Empire
Loyalist, settled in Glengarry, Upper Canada, 150; sent for by Selkirk
to take charge of the Red River Colony, 150; sails for Scotland, 150; at
Stornoway in the Hebrides, 151; at York Factory, 153-155; at the Red
River, 157; winters at Pembina, 158; returns to the Forks, 158-159;
difficulties in feeding the colonists, 161; beginning of troubles with
the North West Company, 161-164; goes to meet new settlers, 163;
summoned to Montreal to answer charges, 164; his proclamation, 169; and
its effect, 170-171; sends John Spencer to seize North West Company's
provisions at Souris River, 171-172; is arrested and taken to Montreal,
174. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_ and _The Romantic Settlement
of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_; Ross, _Red River Settlement_; Laut,
_Conquest of the Great North-West_.
=MacDonnell, Alan.= =B= Addresses Toronto Board of Trade on importance
of acquiring North-West Territories, 216.
=Macdougall, William= (1822-1905). Born in Toronto. Educated at
Victoria College, Cobourg; admitted as a solicitor in 1847, and as
barrister, 1862. Engaged in journalism; founded the _Canada Farmer_ in
1848, and the _North American_ in 1850. A member of the Assembly from
1858 to 1867; of the Dominion Parliament, 1867-1882; and of the Ontario
Legislature, 1875-1878. In 1862-1864 commissioner of crown lands; and
provincial secretary, 1864; minister of public works in first Dominion
government, 1867; attended the Westminster Conference, 1866-1867;
commissioner to London for the acquisition of North-West Territories,
1868; lieutenant-governor of Rupert's Land, 1869; and member of the
Ontario Boundary Commission. =Index=: =BL= One of the leaders of the new
Radicalism,--editor of the _North American_, 341. =E= A leader of the
Clear Grits, 110. =B= A leader of the Clear Grits, 39; a young lawyer
and journalist, 40; edits the _North American_, 40; denounces George
Brown, 40; secretary of Reform Convention, 1859, 137; suggests joint
authority for federal purposes, in Confederation debate, 137; enters
coalition ministry, 159; defeated in North Ontario, 160; elected in
North Lanark, 160; favours elective Senate, 164; relations with
Macdonald, 202-203; defends his action in remaining in coalition
ministry after Confederation, 202, 209; his work on the _Globe_, 245.
=H= Accompanies Macdonald to Halifax, 1868, 210; meets Joseph Howe, on
his way to Fort Garry to assume duties of governor, 227; blames Howe for
fomenting trouble, 227. =C= On mission for purchase of Hudson's Bay
Company's territories, 68; attempts to enter North-West as
lieutenant-governor, 69. =R= Graduate of Victoria College, 144. =Md=
Minister of public works, 134; agrees to maintenance of coalition, 137;
lieutenant-governor of Rupert's Land, 1869, 138; accompanies Macdonald
to Halifax, 144; quarrels with Howe, 153, 154; introduces series of
resolutions on acquisition of North-West Territories, 156; sent to
London to negotiate annexation of territories, 156-157; appointed
lieutenant-governor of Rupert's Land, 158; refused admittance to the
territory, 159. =T= Enters coalition government, 69; at Charlottetown
Conference, 74, 75; at Quebec Conference, 76; enters first Dominion
government, 128, 129. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_;
Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Mace, Sister de.= =L= Her labours in the hospital at Montreal, 91.
=McEvoy, J. M.= =S= His pamphlet on _The Ontario Township_ quoted, 89.
=McGee, Thomas D'Arcy= (1825-1868). Emigrated from Ireland to the United
States, 1842, and became editor of the Boston _Pilot_; returned to
Ireland and edited _The Nation_, the Young Ireland's party organ; fled
to New York; came to Canada in 1857. Established and edited the _New
Era_ in Montreal; elected to Parliament for the same city; president of
Executive Council, 1862-1863; minister of agriculture, 1864-1867. Took a
leading part in the movement for the Confederation of the provinces.
Shot by a Fenian, P. J. Whelan, in Ottawa, April 9, 1868, =Index=: =B=
On Confederation movement, xi; his speech on Confederation--names
founders of movement, 129, 130, 147; in Tache's government, 1864, 149.
=Md= Takes part in debates on resolutions adopted at Quebec Conference,
118. =T= His work for Confederation, 65, 67; at Charlottetown
Conference, 74, 75; at Quebec Conference, 76. =Bib.=: Works: _Canadian
Ballads_; _Popular History of Ireland_; _Notes on Federal Governments_;
_Speeches and Addresses Chiefly on Subject of British American Union_;
_Poems_, with biog. sketch by Mrs. J. Sadlier. For his minor
publications in Canada, and works published before coming to Canada,
_see_ Morgan, _Bib. Can._ For biog., _see_ Taylor, _Brit. Am._ and
_Thomas D'Arcy McGee: Sketch of his Life and Death_; Dent, _Can. Por._
and _Last Forty Years_.
=McGill, James= (1744-1813). Born in Glasgow, Scotland. Emigrated to
Canada. For some years engaged in the western fur trade; and in
partnership with his brother, Andrew McGill, acquired a large fortune.
Sat in Lower Canada Parliament for several years, and in the Legislative
and Executive Councils. An officer of the Montreal militia, and in 1812
brigadier-general. Devoted a large part of his wealth to various
institutions in Montreal, and was the founder of the university that
bears his name. =Index=: =Bk= Founder of McGill University, 100. =Bib.=:
Morgan, _Cel. Can._ =See also= McGill University.
=McGill, John= (1752-1834). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Virginia in
1773. Espoused the royal cause in the Revolution; in 1777 a lieutenant
in the Loyal Virginians, and in 1782 a captain in the Queen's Rangers.
In 1783 came to St. John, New Brunswick, and in 1792 to Upper Canada.
Became a member of the Executive Council, 1796, and of the Legislative
Council, 1797. In 1801 appointed inspector-general of accounts. =Index=:
=S= Accompanies Simcoe as commissary of stores, 47; appointed by Simcoe
purchasing agent for military supplies, 212; temporarily superseded, but
later confirmed in appointment, 213.
=McGill, Peter= (1789-1860). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Canada in
1809; became a wealthy merchant of Montreal. President of the Bank of
Montreal, 1834 to 1860. In 1841 appointed to the Legislative Council;
Speaker, 1847; a member of the Executive Council. In 1834-1838 chairman
of the St. Lawrence and Champlain Railway Company; in 1840-1842 mayor of
Montreal. A governor of McGill University; and of Montreal general
hospital. =Index=: =Sy= Member of Constitutional Association, 112. =E=
President of Legislative Council and member of Sherwood administration,
45; his vote helps to keep government in power, 45. =BL= Member of
Legislative Council, 1841, 83. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Last
Forty Years_.
=McGill University.= Founded through the far-sighted liberality of James
McGill, a merchant of Montreal, who in his will left his property of
Burnside and L10,000 to found the college. It was granted a royal
charter in 1820, and opened in 1829. The original bequest proving
insufficient to complete the college buildings, a further sum was given
by William Molson for that purpose. A new charter was obtained in 1852.
The period of greatest development of the university dates from 1855,
when J. W. Dawson was appointed principal. The university has been
fortunate in receiving generous bequests from wealthy citizens of
Montreal, notably from Peter Redpath, Sir W. C. Macdonald, and Lord
Strathcona. =Bib.=: Dawson, _Historical Sketch of McGill University_ in
_Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4; _Ency. Brit.; Ency. Amer._
=McGillivray, Simon.= One of the leading partners of the North West
Company. Signed the agreement of 1821 under which the Hudson's Bay and
North West Companies were amalgamated. =Index=: =MS= His declaration
that "Lord Selkirk must be driven to abandon his project, for his
success would strike at the very existence of our trade," 172; arrested
by Selkirk at Fort William, 189. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.
=MacGillivray, William.= Born in Scotland. Came to Canada, and entered
the service of the North West Company. In 1786-1787 had charge of the
North West Company post at Lac des Serpents, in opposition to Roderick
McKenzie of the rival Company. In the spring, the two traders with their
men set out together for their respective headquarters at Grand Portage,
and arrived there side by side, the crews singing in chorus, to the no
small amazement of the Grand Portage people. MacGillivray and McKenzie
were ever after firm friends. The former became a partner of the North
West Company in 1790; signed the agreement of 1804; and was one of the
most influential of the _bourgeois_. Fort William was named after him in
1807. Made a legislative councillor of Lower Canada in 1814, in
recognition of his services to the government during the War of 1812.
Returned to Scotland before the fusion of the Hudson's Bay Company and
North West Company; bought an estate in Argyllshire, and died there
about 1825. =Index=: =MS= Friendly rivalry with Roderick Mackenzie, of
the X Y Company, 15; buys Pond's share in North West Company, 58; Fort
William named after, 100. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Masson,
_Bourgeois de la Compagnie Nord-Ouest_.
=M'Govoch.= =Dr= Discharged soldier, offers testimony in Walker case,
35; tried for perjury and sent to prison, 38.
=Machray, Robert= (1831-1904). Born in Scotland. Educated at Aberdeen
and Cambridge; ordained deacon, 1855; and priest, 1856; in 1858 elected
dean of his college; vicar of Madingley till 1865, when appointed bishop
of Rupert's Land; in 1893, on the union of the Anglican churches in
Canada, became archbishop of Rupert's Land and primate of all Canada.
Professor of ecclesiastical history and liturgiology in St. John's
College, Winnipeg, and chancellor of the University of Manitoba. =Bib.=:
Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._; Machray, _Life of Archbishop
Machray_; Mockridge, _Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and
Newfoundland_.
=McIntosh, John.= =Mc= Mackenzie's brother-in-law, 482; house attacked
by mob, 482.
=MacIntyre, Duncan.= =Md= Director of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 236.
=Mack, Karl Freiherr von= (1752-1822). =Bk= Austrian general, surrender
of, 72.
=Mackay, Alexander.= Accompanied Alexander Mackenzie on his memorable
journey of 1793 to the shores of the Pacific. In charge of Ile a la
Crosse House, 1797-1799; signed the Montreal agreement of 1804, as one
of the partners of the North West Company; joined the Pacific Fur
Company, 1810, and sailed to Astoria with Franchere that year. Murdered
on the _Tonquin_, near Nootka, in 1811. =Index=: =MS= With Mackenzie on
expedition to Pacific, 67; at Astoria, 67; killed on the _Tonquin_, 67.
=D= Engaged by Astor for the Pacific, 95; slain by Indians on the
_Tonquin_, 95; his widow marries Dr. John McLoughlin, 95; succeeds
Douglas in command of northern posts, 187. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay
Company_. _See also_ Douglas; Mackenzie; _Tonquin_.
=McKay, James.= Born in Edmonton, Alberta. Educated at the Red River
Settlement. For a time in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company. A
member of the Council of Assiniboia and of the North-West Council.
Appointed to the Legislative Council of Manitoba, 1870. Minister of
agriculture, 1875-1878. Died, 1879.
=McKay, Joseph William= (1829-1900). Born at Rupert House, Hudson Bay.
Crossed the mountains to Fort Vancouver in 1844; had charge of various
trading posts west of the mountains, and rose to the rank of chief
trader; also made important explorations in what is now the province of
British Columbia. Became one of the first members of the Legislative
Assembly of Vancouver Island, 1855. Retired from the Company's service,
1879. Appointed to the Department of Indian Affairs of Canada in 1883.
=Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_.
=McKee, Colonel.= =S= Indian superintendent in the west, 126, 141, 210.
=Bk= His influence over the Indians, 280.
=Mackellar.= =WM= Chief engineer, accompanies Wolfe in reconnaissance of
Island of Orleans, 93.
=Mackenzie, Alexander= (1822-1892). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to
Kingston, Canada, in 1842; in 1848 started in business at Sarnia as
builder and contractor; in 1852 editor of the _Lambton Shield_, a reform
newspaper; member for Lambton in the provincial Parliament 1861-1867;
and from 1867 to 1892 a member of the Dominion Parliament. In 1873
became premier and minister of public works, the first liberal premier
of the Dominion. In 1878 his government defeated by the Conservative
party. Leader of the opposition until 1880, when he resigned on account
of ill-health, but remained in Parliament for some years, being elected
for East York in 1882 and 1887. Declined knighthood three times.
=Index=: =Mc= His letter in reference to George Brown, 496. =Md= Leader
of opposition in succession to George Brown, 150; Supreme Court
organized under his administration, 1875, 151; moves an amendment to the
address, 208; called upon to form a ministry, 1873, 211; pessimistic
over the Canadian Pacific Railway scheme, 234, 235; replaced in
leadership by Edward Blake, 235, 261. =E= Premier of Liberal government
under which simultaneous voting was required by law, 133. =B= Signs
requisition to George Brown to stand for Kent, 61; votes against
proposal that three members of opposition should enter the government,
157; opposes Reformers taking seats in coalition ministry, but holds
that they should give Confederation an outside support, 199, 204; on
George Brown's character, 243; on Brown's relations with the
parliamentary leaders after retirement, 247-248; on Brown's last days,
257; character of his speeches, 259. =D= His connection with the
Canadian Pacific Railway negotiations, 321. =T= His Cabinet, 90; opposes
coalition idea, 128; his ministry resigns, 136. =Bib.=: Works: _Speeches
in Scotland and Canada_; _Life and Speeches of George Brown_. For biog.,
_see_ Buckingham and Ross, _Life of Alexander Mackenzie_; Dent, _Can.
Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Leggo, _History of the Administration of
the Earl of Dufferin in Canada_; Stewart, _Canada under the
Administration of the Earl of Dufferin_.
=Mackenzie, Sir Alexander= (1755-1820). =S= Visits Simcoe, 188;
recommends establishment of two trading-posts on Pacific coast, 189.
=MS= Joins North West Company, 7; opposes Selkirk's plans, 7, 146, 151,
159, 167; his death, 8; born 1763 at Stornoway, Island of Lewis,
Scotland, 10; parentage, 10; education, 10; emigrates to Canada, 1779,
10; enters fur trade and joins opposition to McTavish, 10, 11; his
keenness and daring, 11; leads trading expedition to Detroit, 11; at
Grand Portage, 1785, 12; becomes a _bourgeois_, 12; assigned to English
River department, 14; friendly relations with officers of rival North
West Company, 15; goes to Athabaska, 17; his administrative ability, 17,
18; plans for expansion, 18; sends Leroux to build post on Great Slave
Lake, 18; and Boyer to build one on Peace River, 19; describes life of
fur trader, 22; his ambitious designs for discovery, 22; unpopular with
McTavish, 23; hears of a great river in the north, 31; preparation for
his journey, 32; his narrative, 32; his party, 33; sets out June 3,
1789, from Fort Chipewyan, 33; reaches Great Slave Lake, 35; meets
Yellow Knife Indians, 36; enters Mackenzie River, 37; meets Slave and
Dog-Rib Indians, 28; their account of the river, 38; passes mouth of
Great Bear River, 28, 47; meets Hare Indians, 39; and Quarrellers, 39;
enters the delta, 39; lands on Whale Island, at mouth of the river, 40;
erects post with inscription, 40; uncertainty as to his having reached
the sea, 43, 61; the return journey, 43; coal seam on fire, 47;
difficulties with "English Chief," 45, 46, 48; returns to Great Slave
Lake, 48; meets Leroux, 48-49; reaches Chipewyan, Sept. 12, 1789, 50;
results of the journey, 50-51; establishes existence and course of
Yukon, 50-51; his treatment of natives, 51; his account of fauna, 51;
his character, 51-52, 59; winters at Chipewyan, 53; unfriendliness of
partners of Company, 53; his project for a journey to the West, 53; goes
down to Grand Portage, 53; cool reception there, 54; returns to
Chipewyan, 54; his letters, 54; meets Philip Turner, 57; his share in
North West Company, 58; goes to England to acquire instruction and
instruments for his second journey, 59; returns to Athabaska, 61;
preparations for journey to the Pacific, 61; sends men to Peace River to
cut timber for a post, 61; leaves Chipewyan, Oct. 10, 1792, 61; ascends
Peace River, passes the falls and Boyer's "Old Establishment," and
reaches Finlay's fort, 62; his method of dealing with the Indians,
62-63; winters at the forks, 63-65; Chinook winds, 65; sets out for the
mountains and beyond, 66; members of his party, 67; a man of heroic
mould, 68; leaves Finlay's fort, May 9, 1793, 69; describes Peace River,
69; difficulties in crossing the mountains, 70, 72; meets strange
Indians, 74; ascends the Parsnip River, 75; reaches its source, 75;
descends the Fraser, 77; retraces his steps, and travels overland to the
sea, 79-85; describes visit to the Coast Indians, 83; natives refer to
Vancouver's party, 85; reaches coast and paints record of his journey on
a rock, 86; the return journey, 86; trouble with the natives, 87;
reaches Peace River, 88; reaches Finlay's fort, 89; and Chipewyan, 89;
leaves the West, 89; increased reputation among partners of North West
Company, 92; withdraws from Company and sails for England, 93; publishes
his book, 94; King Bernadotte of Sweden's tribute to explorer, 95;
Napoleon has his _Voyages_ translated into French, 96, 97; friendship of
duke of Kent, 98; receives knighthood, 98; becomes head of X Y Company,
99; elected to Legislature of Lower Canada, 100; returns to Scotland,
1808, 100; opposes Selkirk's scheme, 100; his marriage, 101; his family,
101; his death, March 12, 1820, 102; compared with Selkirk, 209. =D= His
expeditions to the Arctic and Pacific, 51; his personality, 52;
parentage, 52; arrival in Canada, 53; enters fur trade, 53; in command
of Fort Chipewyan, 53; his desire to rival Samuel Hearne, 53; sets out
from Chipewyan in 1789 to explore Mackenzie River, 53; river named after
him, 53; proves futility of search for North-West Passage, 53; visits
England and, prepares himself for further discoveries, 53; returns to
the West, and leaves Chipewyan, Oct. 10, 1792, for the Pacific, 53;
ascends Peace River and crosses the mountains, 54; reaches Tacouche
Tesse (Fraser), which he supposes to be the Oregon (Columbia), 54;
difficulties and dangers of the journey, 54-55; his printed narrative
translated into French for Napoleon, 55; his burial-place, 55; his wife,
55; the legend he printed on a rock on the shores of the Pacific, 56;
results of his journey, 56. =Bib.=: _Voyages from Montreal through the
Continent of North America_, 1789 and 1793, London, 1801; trans, into
French, Paris, 1802. _See also_ his letters, in Roderick McKenzie's
_Reminiscences_ (Masson, _Bourgeois du Nord-Ouest_). For biog., _see_
Willson, _The Great Company_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee,
_Search for the Western Sea_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.
=Mackenzie, Donald= (1783-1851). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Canada
in 1800, and engaged in the service of the North West Company for
several years. In 1809 associated with John Jacob Astor in fur-trading
on the Columbia. Returned to the service of the North West Company; and
in 1821, on its absorption by the Hudson's Bay Company, became a chief
factor in the united Company. In 1825 appointed governor of the Red
River Settlement, and held the position till 1832, when he retired to
the United States. Died at Mayville, New York. =Index=: =MS= Chief
factor, and afterwards governor, of Assiniboia, 222. =Bib.=: Bryce, _The
Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_.
=Mackenzie, Geddes.= =MS= Marries Sir Alexander Mackenzie, 101; her
parentage, 101.
=Mackenzie, George.= =Md= Macdonald studies law in his office, 4; death
of, 9.
=Mackenzie, Hope.= =B= Moves approval of George Brown's course in
Confederation negotiations, 156-157.
=Mackenzie, Isabel.= =Mc= Wife of William Lyon Mackenzie, granted $4000
by Parliament, 240; at Navy Island, 424; death of, 508.
=McKenzie, Roderick.= Cousin of Sir Alexander Mackenzie. Came to Canada
from Scotland in 1784, and entered the service of the fur-trading firm
of Gregory, McTavish & Co., of Montreal. The following year reached
Grand Portage, where employed as a clerk. Accompanied his cousin to the
far West in 1786; built the original Fort Chipewyan, on the south shore
of Lake Athabaska, in 1788; and in charge of the post during Alexander
Mackenzie's expeditions of 1789 and 1792 to the Arctic and Pacific. In
1797, on his way to Montreal, after a long absence, rediscovered the old
Kaministiquia route, first discovered by the French many years before,
but afterwards abandoned. Became a partner of the North West Company,
1799; and signed the Montreal agreement of 1804 by which the X Y Company
was absorbed by the North West Company. A year or two later retired from
the fur trade, and began gathering material for a history of the North
West Company. The work was never published, nor even completed, but many
of the original journals which were to have formed its basis are
included in Masson's _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_. Settled
at Terrebonne, in Lower Canada, and became a member of the Legislative
Council of the province. =Index=: =MS= Joins X Y Company, 14; friendly
rivalry with McGillivray (North West Company) in English River
department, 15; at Ile a la Crosse, 16; brings news of death of Ross to
Grand Portage, 16; joins his cousin Alexander Mackenzie in Athabaska
department, 23; their friendship, 23; his _Reminiscences_, 24; builds
Fort Chipewyan, 24; plans library there, 26; winters there, 1788-1789,
27; at Chipewyan, 53; goes down to Grand Portage, 53; sent to Great
Slave Lake, 54. =Bib.=: _Reminiscences_ in Masson, _Bourgeois de la
Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search
for the Western Sea_.
=Mackenzie, William Lyon= (1795-1861). =Mc= His personality, Goldwin
Smith on, 3; Dr. Harrison on, 4; W. J. Rattray on, 5, 6; first to
enunciate principle of responsible government, 5; "a man ahead of his
time," 6; his loyalty, 10; not an annexationist, 11; constitutional
reformer, 12; parentage and ancestry, 34-36; defends himself from
charges of disloyalty, 36-38; books read by him from 1806 to 1809, 40,
41; enters commerce, 41, 42; goes to Canada, 43; physical description
of, 43; joins survey of Lachine Canal, 44; enters business with John
Lesslie, 44; moves to Queenston, 44; marries, 45; declares war on
Constitutional Act, 72; starts _Colonial Advocate_, 85; describes Upper
Canada in 1820, 85-87; warns Canadians against union with United States,
87, 97; attitude on Clergy Reserves, 94; advocates provincial
university, 95; reforms advocated by, which have come into effect, 97,
98; defends himself against disloyalty charge, 98-101; advocates
federation of all North American colonies, 104, 105; moves to York, 106;
pictures life of editors, 111; assists to bring about a party
revolution, 112; mob destroys _Colonial Advocate_, 113; Macaulay offers
damages, 115; personal attacks, 117-120; Macaulay's treatment of,
121-123; retaliates, 124, 125; answers Macaulay's pamphlet, 126; gets
L625 damages, 129; refuses to prosecute criminally, 129; indicted for
libel, 130; prosecution abandoned, 135; friendship of Robert Randal,
138; secures Randal's mission to England, 139; advocates responsible
government, 146, 148; elected for York, 150; moves committal of Allan
MacNab, 152; chairman of committee on post-office, 153; chairman of
committee on privileges of House, 154; carries many motions and
addresses, 154; introduces Thirty-two Resolutions, 155; opinions stated,
156; visits New York, 157; letter in _National Gazette_, 158; supports
Robert Baldwin, 159; chairman of committee on banking, 161, 162; moves
Libel Bill, 162, 163; letters to Sir John Colborne, 164; advocates
responsible government, 166, 167; appeal to the people of Upper Canada,
168; re-elected for York, 169; banks oppose, 170; gets committee on
state of representation, 171; committee reports, 175; he prints journals
of House, 172; accused of printing libel on House, 175; arouses Upper
Canada, 176, 177; visits Quebec, 178; first expulsion from Assembly,
181-201; libel complained of, 182, 183; his speech in his defence, 185;
House refuses committee of inquiry, 201; petitions to the governor, 203;
governor's answer, 203; backed up by the people, 204; again elected,
205; presented by constituents with gold medal, 205; second expulsion
moved, 207; defends himself, 209; expelled a second time, 209; appeals
to electors, 210-213; again elected, 215; attempt to assassinate, 219;
_Colonial Advocate_ office again attacked, 221; his mission to England,
221; estimate of Earl Grey, 221; his friendship with Joseph Hume, 222;
introduces George Ryerson to Lord Goderich, 223; offered management of
post-office department, 225; prepares statement for minister, 226; reply
to Lord Goderich, 227; concessions obtained, 227-230; third expulsion,
232, 242; secures dismissal of Boulton and Hagerman, 232; scheme of
post-office reform, 236; asks control of post-office revenue for
Canadians, 236; obtains veto of Bank Charter Acts, 237; introduces
Egerton Ryerson to colonial office, 238; publishes _Sketches of Canada
and the United States_, 238; visits Scotland, 239; pays old creditors,
239; refuses banquets in Montreal and Quebec, 240; left to pay his own
expenses, 240; unanimously re-elected for the third time, 242; not
permitted to take oath, 242; new election ordered, 244; unanimously
re-elected for the fourth time, 244; ejected from the House, 245;
governor orders that he be allowed to take oath, 248; takes the oath,
251; again ejected from the House, 252; first mayor of Toronto, 255;
designs city arms, 256; helps cholera patients, 256; takes cholera, 257;
defeated for second mayoralty term, 257; forms Canadian Alliance
Society, 258; retires from journalism, 259; estimate of, as a
journalist, 260; again elected for York, 261; obtains select "Committee
on Grievances," 263; obtains committee on Welland canal, 264; appointed
director, 264; anticipates official report of canal committee, 265; sued
for libel, 265; report of "Committee on Grievances," 270; urges
responsible government, 279; visits Quebec, 287; meets Papineau, 288;
opposes British restraint on trade, 292; anticipates Reciprocity Treaty,
292; defeated for the House, 308; claims the election was unfair,
309-314; insulted by Tory press, 317; his replies, 318; visits New York,
320; begins the _Constitution_, 320; "Declaration of Independence" of
Upper Canada, 329, 330; meetings at Doel's brewery, 330-332; becomes
agent of convention committee, 332; addresses nearly two hundred public
meetings, 333-338; advises run on Bank of Upper Canada, 340; second
meeting at Doel's brewery, 346; urges seizing arms and proclaiming
provisional government, 349; drafts constitution, 355; organizes
Rebellion, 359; warrant issued for his arrest, 360; tries to correct
Rolph's mistake, 361; his advice disregarded, 362; sets out for the
city, 363; again proposes to march on the city, 366; meets Head's flag
of truce, 367, 368; urges Lount to march into the city, 371; skirmish at
Montgomery's tavern, 379; ransom offered for, 380; account of his
escape, 381 _et seq._; addresses Buffalo audience, 411; meets Van
Rensselaer, 412; Head seeks his extradition, 414; occupies Navy Island,
415; president of provisional government, 416; arrested at Buffalo, 424;
threats of assassination, 428; abandons Van Rensselaer, 430; visits New
York and Philadelphia, 433; begins _Mackenzie's Gazette_, 433; no
connection with later frontier movements, 439, 444, 446; moves to
Rochester, 448; forms association of Canadian refugees, 448; tried for
breach of neutrality laws, 452; found guilty, 454; his sentence, 454;
rigorous treatment in gaol, 455-458; released, 459; publishes _Caroline
Almanac_, 459; his exchange attempted, 463; attempts to kidnap him, 464;
publishes _Volunteer_, 467; moves to New York, 468; appointed to
Mechanics' Institute, 468; publishes _Lives of one Thousand Remarkable
Irishmen_, 469; publishes the _Examiner_, 470; appointed to New York
customs house, 470; publishes _Lives of Butler and Hoyt_, in 1845, 471;
and _Life and Times of Martin Van Buren_, 1846, 472; goes on _Tribune_,
472; Hume's letter to, 475; writes to Earl Grey, 479; amnestied, 480;
visits Toronto, 481; brings family back, 486; elected for Haldimand,
486; his relations with George Brown, 487; his work in Parliament, 492;
again elected for Haldimand, 497; resigns, 498; later parliamentary
life, 500; love of his children, 504; Buchanan's proffered friendship,
504; Robert Hay's generosity, 505; offered office, 505; publishes
_Mackenzie's Message_, 505; friends purchase homestead for, 505;
financial difficulties, 506; declining health, 506; death of, Aug. 28,
1861, 507; funeral, 507, 508; one of the founders of St. Andrew's
Church, 507; tributes of the press, 509-523. =Md= Leads Rebellion of
1837 in Upper Canada, 7; supports Brown in his quarrel with Macdonald,
81. =R= Views on relation of church and state in 1824, 45; his work for
popular government, 66; his policy, 111; his "Seventh Report on
Grievances," 112; opposes separate schools, 224. =B= His return to
Canada, 36; burnt in effigy at Toronto, 36; defeats George Brown in
Haldimand, 40, 44, 46; his resolution for abolition of Court of
Chancery, 47. =BL= His parentage, 12; early days in Canada, 12, 13; in
politics, 13-16, 26, 27, 33; aids Baldwin to secure seat in Legislature,
31; organizes revolutionary clubs, etc., 43; his proposed constitution
for Upper Canada, 43; plans attack on Toronto by rebels, 43; described
as a "mountebank," 120; his correspondence with Hume and Roebuck, 229;
founds Canadian Alliance Association, 1834, 229; returns to Canada, 312,
318, 319; one of the leaders of the new Radicalism, 340-341; brings in
motion to abolish Court of Chancery, 352. =Sy= Reform party falsely
identified with his proceedings, 85, 138. =E= And the Rebellion of 1837,
17; leads Radical wing of Liberal party, in Upper Canada, 21, 22; and
parliamentary government, 51; and MacNab, 75, 76; returns from his
exile, 91; causes of his failure as a political leader, 91-93; proposes
abolition of Court of Chancery, 103, 112; defeats George Brown, 113;
attacks the government, 127; aftermath of the Rebellion, 190. =P= His
correspondence with Papineau, 189. =H= Effect of his action in Upper
Canada, upon popular party, in Nova Scotia, 49. =Bib.=: Works: _Life and
Times of Martin Van Buren_; _Life and Opinions of B. F. Butler_;
_Sketches of Canada and the United States_. For biog., _see_ Morgan,
_Cel. Can._; Lindsey, _Life and Times of W. L. McKenzie_; Dent, _Can.
Por._, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_, and _Last Forty Years_; King, _Other
Side of the Story_; Read, _Rebellion of 1837_. _See also_ Rebellion of
1837 (Upper Canada.)
=Mackenzie River.= Named after Sir Alexander Mackenzie, who explored it
from Great Slave Lake to the Arctic in 1789. It was known at one time as
Disappointment River. Its ultimate source is in Thutage Lake, the
headwaters of the Finlay in northern British Columbia. Its total length
from Thutage Lake to the sea is 2525 miles. The Hudson's Bay Company
has the following trading-posts on the main stream: Fort Providence,
near entrance of Great Slave Lake; Fort Simpson, at the mouth of the
Liard; Fort Wrigley, in lat. 63 deg.; Fort Norman, at the mouth of Great
Bear River; Fort Good Hope near the Ramparts; and Fort MacPherson on
Peel River. The Company now operates a steamer from Fort Smith, on Slave
River, to the Arctic Ocean. =Index=: =MS= Alexander Mackenzie discovers
and explores, 37-48; "Great River," 53; Mackenzie refers to as "River
Disappointment," 55. =Bib.=: Mackenzie, _Voyages_; Franklin, _Narrative
of Second Expedition_; Richardson, _Arctic Searching Expedition_;
Cameron, _The New North_.
=Mackenzie's Message.= Published at Toronto. =Index=: =Mc= Newspaper,
published 1853, 505.
=McKim, R. P.= =T= Assists at funeral service of Sir Leonard Tilley,
146.
=McLachlan, Alexander= (1818-1896). Born in Scotland. Came to Canada,
1840; engaged in farming. Government emigration agent for Scotland,
1862. Collected edition of his _Poems_ published, 1900. =Bib.=:
MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.
=McLane, David.= =Dr= Hanged for treason, 301.
=McLaren, Dr. Murray.= =T= Attends Sir Leonard Tilley, 145.
=MacLean, Judge.= =B= Proposes Metcalfe's health at St. Andrew's Society
banquet, 27.
=MacLean, Colonel Allan= (1725-1784). Born in Scotland. Served in
Holland, 1747. In 1757 served with Montgomery's Highlanders in America,
and in 1761 major-commandant of the 114th Royal Highlanders. In 1775
lieutenant-colonel of the Royal Highland Emigrants. Served under
Carleton in the defence of Quebec, 1775-1776. =Index=: =Hd= Raises
regiment of Royal Highland Emigrants, 111; takes part in repulse of
Arnold and Montgomery, 112; on methods of trade, 162; speech of Indians
to, 171; his precipitancy in arresting Pillon, 279, 280, 285; departure
of, 294; his correspondence with Haldimand, 306; his opinion of the
Americans, 307; letter to Haldimand regarding Du Calvet's movements,
209, 310; visits Haldimand in London, 311, 327. =Bib.=: Bradley, _The
Making of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_.
=McLean, Archibald= (1791-1865). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Canada
with his father; educated at Cornwall Grammar School. In 1812 served in
the war with the United States. After the war, called to the bar, and
built up an extensive practice. For several years member for Stormont
and Cornwall in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, of which he
was twice elected Speaker. In 1837 judge of the Court of King's Bench,
and held the position till 1856. In 1862-1863 chief-justice of Upper
Canada, and in 1864-1865 judge of the Court of Error and Appeal.
=Index=: =Mc= Elected Speaker, 1831, 170. =Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the
Judges_.
=McLean, John= (1828-1886). Born in Scotland. Educated at the University
of Aberdeen; ordained priest, 1858, and became curate of St. Paul's,
London, Ontario. Removed to the Red River Settlement as archdeacon of
Assiniboia, and professor in St. John's College, 1866. Made bishop of
Saskatchewan, 1874. Died at Prince Albert as the result of an accident.
=Bib.=: Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and
Newfoundland_; Machray, _Life of Archbishop Machray_.
=McLeod, Alexander.= =Mc= Charged with murder of Amos Durfee, 423; trial
and acquittal, 424.
=McLeod, Alexander Norman.= Of the North West Company. =Index=: =MS=
Associated with Gregory and others in opposition to North West Company,
10, 11; visits Mackenzie at Detroit, 12; his character, 14; builds new
house at Chipewyan, 50; brings North West men from Fort William, 182;
arrives seven days after the Seven Oaks affair, 183.
=McLeod, Archibald Norman.= Entered the service of the North West
Company some time before 1790. In charge of Fort Dauphin, 1799, and Swan
River, 1800. Three years later moved to the Athabaska department, and
remained there until 1809, when he took charge of New Caledonia. Had
already become a partner of the Company, signing the agreement of 1804
as such.
=McLeod, Donald= (1779-1879). Born in Scotland. Educated at Aberdeen
University for the church, but entered the navy, 1803, and the army,
1808. Served in the Peninsula under Sir John Moore, and in Canada during
War of 1812-1814; wounded at the battles of Chrystler's Farm and Lundy's
Lane. Returned to Europe and fought at the battle of Waterloo. Came to
Canada, 1816; opened a classical school at Prescott; began publication
of the _Grenville Gazette._ Took part in the Rebellion of 1837, as a
major-general in the insurgent army. Fled to the United States; arrested
and tried at Detroit, but acquitted. Settled at Cleveland, Ohio, where
he died. =Index=: =Mc= Occupies Point Pelee Island, 430. =Bib.=:
_History of the Canadian Insurrection_. For biog., _see_ Dent, _Upper
Canadian Rebellion_.
=McLeod, John= (1788-1849). Born in Scotland. Entered the service of the
Hudson's Bay Company; conducted Selkirk's colonists from York Factory to
the Red River, 1811; from that date to the union of the two fur
companies in 1821, engaged in building trading-posts and extending the
operations of the Hudson's Bay Company towards the Rocky Mountains. Had
taken a leading part in the long conflict between the Hudson's Bay
Company and the North West Company, some account of which is given in
his diary, 1814-1815, reproduced in part in Bryce's _Hudson's Bay
Company_. On the union of the Companies, given charge of the New
Caledonia department, west of the mountains, where he remained for many
years, finally retiring from the service, and spending the remainder of
his days on the banks of the Ottawa. =Index=: =MS= Leads the Selkirk
colonists in their opposition to Cuthbert Grant and the half-breeds,
175; his journal, 175, 176; builds house for governor, 176. =D= Ascends
upper Liard to its southern source in Dease Lake, 1834, 123. =Bib.=:
Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.
=McLoughlin, John= (1784-1857). Born at Riviere du Loup. Studied
medicine in Edinburgh; joined the North West Company; engaged for
several years in the Rainy Lake country; in charge of Fort William in
1821, when the North West and Hudson's Bay Companies were amalgamated,
and appointed to take charge of the Columbia River department, 1823.
Built Fort Vancouver, 1824, and made it the headquarters for the whole
territory west of the mountains. Did more than any other man to
strengthen the hold of the Company on the fur trade of the Pacific
coast. Through misunderstandings over his attitude towards the American
settlers on the Columbia, retired from the Company's service, 1846, and
spent the rest of his life in Oregon City. =Index=: =MS= Edward Ellice
on, 220; impresses Sir George Simpson, 220; travels in state, 221. =D=
First great Hudson's Bay Company leader in Oregon, 84; his character,
84, 86; takes Douglas under his charge, in North West Company, at Fort
William, 93; persuades Douglas to join Hudson's Bay Company, 94; his
friendship for Douglas, 94; born, 1784, at Riviere du Loup, 94; grandson
of Malcolm Fraser, 94; his early home and training, 94-95; studies
medicine in Edinburgh, 95; returns to Canada and enters North West
Company, 95; sent to Sault Ste. Marie, 95; there when post burned in War
of 1812, 95; marries widow of Alexander Mackay, 95; goes to Fort
William, 95-96; at Fort Vancouver, his practically absolute rule, 111;
ambitious plans for development of western department, 114; sends
expedition to Fraser River by sea, 115; builds Fort Colville, 1825-1826,
116; builds Fort Langley, 1827, 116; builds Fort Simpson, 1831, 116;
sends Findlayson, Manson, and Anderson, 1833, to build Fort McLoughlin,
117; sends Douglas to receive Fort Stikine from Russians, 1840, 122;
expedition to Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, 126; recognizes
agricultural possibilities of Oregon, 128; organizes Puget Sound
Agricultural Company, 130; his attitude towards Oregon settlers, 144;
forced out of Hudson's Bay Company, 145; Douglas and Ogden associated
with him in management of western department, 187; resigns from Hudson's
Bay Company, 1846, 187; removes to Oregon City, 187; treatment of, by
American settlers, 187; his death, 187; his character contrasted with
that of Douglas, 351-353. =Bib.=: Holman, _Dr. John McLoughlin: the
Father of Oregon_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_; Bryce,
_Hudson's Bay Company_; Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.
=McLoughlin, John.= =D= Son of Dr. John McLoughlin, accompanies Douglas
to Sitka, 122; succeeds Rae at Fort Stikine, 122; shot by Indians, 1842,
122-123.
=McMaster University.= Located at Toronto. Formed in 1887 from the union
of Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College. Mainly indebted for
endowment to William McMaster. Woodstock College, Woodstock, and Moulton
Ladies' College, Toronto, are maintained in close connection.
=McMillan, John= (1816-1886). Born in Scotland. Came to New Brunswick,
1832. Represented Restigouche in the Assembly, 1857-1867;
surveyor-general, 1861-1865; postmaster-general, 1867-1868; inspector of
post offices for New Brunswick, 1868-1886. A strong advocate of
Confederation. =Index=: =T= Elected for Restigouche, 89;
postmaster-general in Mitchell ministry, 105.
=MacNab, Sir Allan Napier= (1798-1862). Born at Newark (now Niagara),
Ontario. On the American invasion of Canada joined the army in 1813 and
served throughout the war. In 1826 called to the bar of Upper Canada and
practised in Hamilton. In 1829 first elected for Wentworth County in the
Assembly, and during 1837-1841 Speaker of the House. Took an active part
in the Rebellion of 1837-1838 and knighted for his services. After the
union of Upper and Lower Canada became Conservative leader and elected
Speaker of the House, 1844-1848, and again in 1862. Premier, 1854, and
resigned, 1856. =Index=: =H= Entertains Joseph Howe at Hamilton, 138.
=BL= Brings loyal troops from Hamilton, to disperse rebels under
Mackenzie, 44; taunts Baldwin with his share in the Rebellion, 45; his
exploits in 1837 win him knighthood, 82; leader of Tories in
Legislature, 1841, 82; proposed for speakership, 87; withdraws his name,
88; his faction welcomes Bagot's appointment as governor, 113; raises
racial question, 178; opposes transfer of capital to Montreal, 183;
Baldwin on, 183; attacks La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 214; referred to
by George Brown, 224; elected in 1844, 252; elected Speaker, 279; his
opposition to Rebellion Losses Bill, 314; his quarrel with Blake, 315;
warns ministry of riot, 322; rescues portrait of the queen, 324;
proposed for Speaker, Baldwin's tribute to his qualifications, Morin
elected in his stead, 283; and Papineau, 343; and Baldwin, 353. =E= His
part in suppressing Rebellion of 1837-1838, 31; returned in 1848, 50;
defeated for speakership, 51; takes part in stormy debate on Rebellion
Losses Bill, 68-69; his responsibility for the disturbances of 1849, 75;
nominal leader of Conservative party, 119; called upon by Lord Elgin for
advice, 137; agrees to coalition ministry, 139-140; forms government
with Morin, 140; his last resting-place, 224. =B= And the old Tory
party, 69; his farcical amendment to prohibition motion, 76; forms
coalition ministry with Morin, 77; on the charges against George Brown,
89. =C= His alliance with Quebec Liberals, 33. =Mc= Committed to gaol by
Speaker, 152; moves Mackenzie's expulsion, 241; admits error, 242; leads
forces against Navy Island, 417; orders cutting out of _Caroline_, 420;
knighted, 423; goes to Brantford, 425; seizes Dr. Duncombe's papers,
426; goes to Sandwich, 427; in debate on Rebellion Losses Bill, 489.
=Md= Called upon to form an administration, 61; forms government with A.
N. Morin, 63; Morin resigns and he forms a new administration with
Colonel Tache, 74; his ideal of government, 76; problem of superseding
him, 76, 77; resigns, 80; supports Brown in his quarrel with Macdonald,
81. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Can. Por._
and _Last Forty Years_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.
=MacNab, James.= =H= Member of Lord Falkland's Council, 69; declaration
as to ministerial responsibility, 75; retires from government, 87;
offered seat in Executive Council, 1846, 103; declines offer, 104;
elected for Halifax, 106; member of Uniacke government, 110; becomes
receiver-general, 112. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=McPhelim, Francis.= =T= Deserts Liberals in New Brunswick, 18;
postmaster-general in Gray ministry, 41.
=McPherson, Charles.= =T= Member of Executive Council, New Brunswick,
41.
=Macpherson, Sir David Lewis= (1818-1896). Born in Scotland. Came to
Canada, 1835. In 1842 entered business in Montreal; in 1851 he, with
others, obtained a charter for a railway from Montreal to Kingston, and
associated with the construction of other lines; formed the
Inter-Oceanic Railway Company for the purpose of constructing the
projected Canadian Pacific Railway, but the contract given to the
syndicate headed by Sir Hugh Allan. In 1864-1867 a member of the
Legislative Council of Canada; in 1867 appointed to the Senate; Speaker,
1880; member of the Cabinet without portfolio; minister of the interior,
1883-1885; knighted, 1884. =Index=: =Md= Heads the Inter-Oceanic Company
which received charter from government, 200. =E= Signs Annexation
Manifesto, 81. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Pope,
_Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.
=McTavish, Dugald.= =D= Member of Victoria board of management, 265;
becomes president of board, 265; transferred to Montreal, in 1870, 265.
=McTavish, Simon= (1750-1804). Born in the Highlands of Scotland. A man
of "enormous energy and decision of character." Settled at Montreal.
Engaged in the fur trade soon after the cession of Canada to England,
and chiefly instrumental in organizing the North West Company, 1784.
Purchased the seigniory of Terrebonne; entertained in princely style at
his home in Montreal; and at the time of his death was engaged in
building a huge mansion at the foot of Mount Royal. =Index=: =MS= A
leader in the fur trade, 10; known as _le Marquis_ and _le Premier_, 23,
91; his dislike for Alexander Mackenzie, 23; his haughty temper and
domineering spirit make him unpopular, 54, 91, 93; compared with
Mackenzie, 92; puts new life into North West Company, 99; his death,
1804, 99. =Bk= And McGillivray of North West Company, send news of
declaration of war, 203. =Bib.=: Masson, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du
Nord-Ouest_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.
=McTavish, William.= =MS= Chief factor, 1851, 228; last governor of
Assiniboia under Hudson's Bay Company, 228.
=Madison, James= (1751-1836). Fourth president of the United States.
=Index=: =Dr= His hatred of Great Britain, 274, 281. =Bk= Maintains
non-intercourse with Britain and France, 120; his warlike messages to
Congress, 173, 185; places temporary embargo on United States ships,
192; informs Congress of Hull's advance into Canada, 213. =Bib.=: _Cyc.
Am. Biog._
=Madocawando.= =F= Abenaquis chief, 329.
=Madras Schools.= =W= Founded by Joseph Lancaster, 86; the system
described, 86-87; established in New Brunswick, 87. =T= At Gagetown, 5;
system popular, 5.
=Magdalen Islands.= In Gulf of St. Lawrence. Uncertain who first
discovered the group. They were known for many years as the Isles
Ramees, or Ramea. This name first appears in narratives of voyages to
the Gulf in 1590-1597, in Hakluyt. Champlain applied the present name to
what is now known as Amherst Island, in the 1632 ed. of his _Voyages_.
It was afterwards applied to the whole group. =Bib.=: Ganong,
_Cartography of Gulf of St. Lawrence_ (R. S. C., 1889).
=Magistrates.= =Dr= Poor character and scandalous methods of many of
them, 52; some of them most worthy men, 55.
=Magnan, Pierre.= =Ch= Goes on embassy to Iroquois, 163; is murdered,
164.
=Maguaga.= =Bk= Americans successful in skirmish at, 238-243.
=Mahicanaticouche.= =Ch= Montagnais chief, 139, 163; found to have been
guilty of murder, 165.
=Mail.= Newspaper published at Niagara. =Index=: =B= Ridicules _Globe's_
proposal for annexation of North-West Territories, 217-218.
=Maillard, Antoine Simon.= Missionary to the Indians and French of
Acadia and Cape Breton, 1734. Vicar-general at Louisbourg for several
years. Invited by the governor of Nova Scotia to settle at Halifax,
1759. At first opposed British supremacy, but afterwards a strong
supporter of the government. Died in Halifax, 1768. =Bib.=: _Selections
from the Public Documents of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.
=Mair, Charles= (1840- ). Born in Lanark, Ontario. Educated at Queen's
University, Kingston. Paymaster for the Dominion government at Fort
Garry, 1868; captured by the rebels in Riel's first rising, 1869;
condemned to death, but escaped. In the second rising, 1885, served as
quartermaster of the Governor-General's Body Guard. In 1893, appointed
Canadian government immigration agent in charge of the Lethbridge
district, Southern Alberta. =Index=: =Md= Comes to Ottawa from Prince
Albert to impress on authorities the serious situation in the West, 241.
=Bib.=: Works: _Dreamland and other Poems_; _Tecumseh: a Drama_. For
biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.
=Maisonneuve, Paul de Chomedy, Sieur de.= In this "devout and valiant
gentleman," as Parkman says, lived again the spirit of Godfrey de
Bouillon, leader of the first Crusade. He had seen much service in
European wars, before the opportunity came to consecrate his sword to
the church in Canada. A group of enthusiasts in France had obtained a
grant of the Island of Montreal from Lauson and the Company of New
France, and purposed to establish there a religious colony, of which
Maisonneuve was appointed governor. Sailed from Rochelle, in 1641, with
a company of soldiers and artisans; wintered at Quebec; and on the
eighteenth of May, 1642, landed on the same spot where Champlain had
stood thirty-one years before. Here he and his men set to work to build
a chapel, fort, and their simple habitations, thereby laying the
foundation of the future city of Montreal. Was for 22 years governor of
Montreal, but through the jealousy of De Mesy, governor-general of
Canada, was recalled to France by De Tracy in 1664. Though no charges
were made against him he found no possibility of reinstatement in office
and resigned in 1669; died in 1676. =Index=: =F= Conducts mission colony
to Montreal, 29, 33; bravery of, 34; goes back to France for
reinforcements, 38; returns to Canada with one hundred soldiers, 39;
removed from governorship by Marquis de Tracy, 54. =L= Governor of
Montreal, his piety, 8; carries cross on his shoulders to summit of
Mount Royal, 91; removed from his position, 176; presents a cannon from
which to make a bell, to Bonsecours chapel, 177. =Ch= Comes out in 1613
with three vessels licensed to trade, 78; Champlain returns to France in
his ship, 79. =Bk= Founder of Montreal, 99. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Jesuits in
North America_ and _Old Regime_; Faillon, _La Colonie Francaise_;
Dollier de Casson, _Histoire de Montreal_.
=Maitland, Sir Peregrine= (1777-1854). Born in Hampshire, England.
Entered the army, 1792. Served in Flanders, 1794-1798; in Spain, 1809
and 1812; promoted major-general, 1814; took part in the battle of
Waterloo and made K.C.B for his services. Lieutenant-governor of Upper
Canada, 1818-1828; and lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 1828-1834.
Commander-in-chief of the Madras army, 1836-1838; and governor and
commander-in-chief at the Cape of Good Hope, 1844-1847. Knighted, 1852.
=Index=: =E= Grants charter to King's College, 93. =BL= Dismisses Willis
from office, 28. =R= Favours encouragement to British Methodists
in Canada, 87-88. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Read, _The
Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_; Campbell, _History of Nova
Scotia_.
=Maizerets, Louis Ange de.= =L= Comes to Canada, 41; director of the
Seminary, 55; transfers his personal income to Seminary, 56; made
archdeacon of chapter of Quebec, 197; administers diocese, with
Glandelet, in absence of Laval, 243.
=Malartic, Anne Joseph Hyppolite, Count de= (1730-1800). Born in France.
In 1745 entered the army; and in 1749 came to Quebec as assistant major.
In 1756 served under Montcalm, and took part in all his campaigns; bore
a conspicuous part in the siege of Quebec, 1759-1760, and severely
wounded at the battle of Ste. Foy; served on the American side in the
War of Independence. =Index=: =WM= Anxious as to line of defence above
the city, 159, 162; in battle of Ste. Foy, 261; wounded, 264; Murray's
conversation with, 269. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Doughty,
_Siege of Quebec_.
=Malaspina.= =Dr= In search for Strait of Anian, 26.
=Malot, Louis.= =Ch= Jesuit, drowned, 200.
=Mance, Jeanne= (1606-1673). Born at Nogent-le-Roi. Infected with the
prevailing enthusiasm for missionary work in Canada, and in 1640
journeyed to Rochelle, intending to embark for the New World. At
Rochelle met Dauversiere and others interested in the project of a
missionary settlement at Montreal, and determined to throw in her lot
with them. Sailed to Quebec with Maisonneuve, and spent the winter there
with the Ursulines. In May, 1642, the colonists ascended the river,
having gained another convert at Quebec in the person of Madame de la
Peltrie. The following year a hospital was built at Montreal, with money
supplied by Madame de Bullion. Jeanne Mance was put in charge, and
devoted the remainder of her life to ministering to the sick, native as
well as white. =Index=: =F= Establishes Hotel Dieu at Montreal, 29;
death of, 78. =L= Founder of hospital at Montreal, 8; smitten by plague
on board the _St. Andre_, 31; laid one of the foundation stones of
Montreal church, 89; her labours in the hospital at Montreal, 91.
=Bib.=: Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Faillon, _Vie de Mlle.
Mance_.
=Manchester.= In England. =Index=: =Sy= Poulett Thomson elected for, 31;
his free trade views find support in, 36; great dinner to Thomson in,
37.
=Manet, Jean.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144.
=Manitoba.= Area, 73,956 square miles. The province was created in 1870,
the old Red River Settlement, founded by Lord Selkirk, forming the
nucleus. The name is a contraction of the Cree word _Manitowaban_. La
Verendrye and his sons were the first white men to set foot within what
now forms the province. They built Fort Maurepas, at the mouth of
Winnipeg River, in 1734; Fort Rouge, at the mouth of the Assiniboine, in
1733; and Fort La Reine, near present Portage la Prairie, in 1738. They
afterwards built Fort Dauphin, on or near Lake Dauphin. _See also_ Red
River Colony; Winnipeg. =Index=: =C= Bill creating province introduced
by Cartier, 71; meaning of name, _The God That Speaks_, 71. =Md= Bill
passed for establishment of, as province, 161; restrictions against
rival lines to Canadian Pacific Railway removed, 236, 284; boundary
dispute, 256; its connection with commercial union, 298. =Bib.=: Bryce,
_Manitoba_; Gunn and Tuttle, _History of Manitoba_; Begg, _History of
the North-West_; Bryce, _Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's
Colonists_; Hargrave, _Red River_; Ross, _Red River Settlement_.
=Manson, Donald.= Engaged in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company,
west of the Rocky Mountains. Led three brigades from the Columbia to
Langley on the Fraser, 1848. Appointed a justice of the peace. =Index=:
=D= At Fort McLoughlin, 117; establishes first circulating library on
Pacific slope, 117-118.
=Mantet, Nicholas d'Ailleboust, Sieur de= (1663-1709). In 1689 defeated
the Iroquois at the Lake of the Two Mountains; and in 1690 led an
expedition against Schenectady. Killed during an attack on Fort St.
Anne, Hudson Bay. =Index=: =F= One of the leaders of war party against
Schenectady, 235. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_.
=Maquinna.= =D= His relations with Captain Meares at Nootka, 27; keeps
armourer and sailmaker of the _Boston_ in slavery four years, 37.
=Marcel, Captain.= =WM= Third aide-de-camp to Montcalm, 2; accompanies
Montcalm on visit of inspection, 173; with Montcalm in his last hours,
219; informs Levis of Montcalm's death, 220; departure for France, 238.
=Marcet, Mrs.= =Hd= Grand-niece of Haldimand, 343.
=Marchand, Etienne= (1755-1793). Engaged in the trade between the West
Indies and North and South America. In 1790 sailed from Marseilles on a
voyage of trade and exploration, in which he made careful surveys of the
coast of Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia, visited the islands of
Polynesia, sailed up the west coast of America, visited China and
Siberia, and finally returned to Europe, 1792. =Index=: =D= Explores
North-West Coast, 1791, 25; his narrative, 25. =Bib.=: _Voyage autour du
Monde_, ed. by Fleurien. For biog., _see Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Marchand, Felix Gabriel= (1832-1900). Born in St. Johns, Quebec.
Educated at St. Hyacinthe College. Elected to the Legislative Assembly
of Quebec, 1867; provincial Secretary, 1878-1879; commissioner of crown
lands, 1879; Speaker of the Assembly, 1887-1892; premier of Quebec,
1897. For many years proprietor and editor of _Le Franco-Canadien_.
=Bib.=: Works: _Manuel et Formulaire du Notariat_; _Fatenville_; _Erreur
n'est pas Compte_; _Un Bonheur en Attire un Autre_; _Les Faus
Brillants_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Marche, Charles de.= =Ch= Jesuit missionary at Miscou, 234.
=Marcy, William Learned= (1786-1857). =Mc= Governor of New York,
declines to surrender Mackenzie, 414. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Mariana.= =Ch= Jesuit, book written by, ordered to be burnt, 153.
=Marie.= =WM= A storeship launched at Montreal, 244.
=Marie Antoinette= (1755-1793). Queen of France. =Index=: =S= Public
mourning in Upper Canada for death of, 193.
=Marie de l'Incarnation= (=Marie Martin=, =_nee_ Guyart=) (1599-1672).
Born at Tours, France. Married early, and was left a widow after two
years, with an only child. For twelve years devoted herself to his
education; and then entered the Ursuline convent at Tours; in 1639
accompanied Madame de la Peltrie to Canada, and became the first
superior of the Ursuline convent at Quebec. Her _Lettres Historiques_,
written for the edification of her son Claude Martin, form one of the
most valuable sources of information on the history of the period.
Composed a catechism in Huron, three in Algonquian and a dictionary of
French and Algonquian. =Index=: =F= Arrival of, at Quebec, 28; on
_Jesuit Relations_, 30; on influence of convent teaching, 89; on rapid
decline of Indian population, 168. =L= On the devotion of Laval to the
sick, 33; on his saintliness, 34, 254; on conversions wrought by the
earthquake, 45; mentions Dollard's exploit, 75; on piety of the
soldiery, 79; her piety, 92; called the Theresa of New France, 93; Abbe
Ferland's account of, 93; on the zeal of Fenelon and Trouve, 109; on the
sale of brandy to the Indians, 113; praises Talon, 114; on Canadians,
119; on education of Indian girls, 125; death of, 153, 154; character
and influence, 155. =Ch= Praises virtues of early settlers, 258. =Bib.=:
_Lettres de la Venerable Mere Marie de l'Incarnation_; Martin, _La Vie
de la Venerable Mere Marie de l'Incarnation_; Charlevoix, _Vie de Mere
Marie de l'Incarnation_; Casgrain, _Vie; Life_, by a Religious of the
Ursuline Community.
=Marion, Nicholas.= =Ch= Captain of the _Levrier_, one of the two
vessels of Champlain's first expedition to Quebec, 40.
=Maritime Provinces.= =B= Movement for union of, 161, 186; Tache argues
advantages of union with, 169-170; coal mines of, 170; shipping of, 170,
174; inclusion of, in Confederation, opposed by Dorion, 176; British
government brings pressure upon, in interests of Confederation, 186-187;
involved in reciprocity negotiations, 194. =Md= Their determined
opposition to Confederation, 116-118. =T= History of union movement in,
69-71; Charlottetown Conference, 73-75. _See also_ New Brunswick; Nova
Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Cape Breton. =Bib.=: _See_ under foregoing
titles.
=Markland, George H.= =R= Member of Legislative Council, Upper Canada,
and of Board of Education, 58.
=Marquette, Jacques= (1637-1675). Born at Laon, in the north of France.
Joined the Society of Jesus about 1654, and sailed for Canada, 1666.
Sent to the Upper Lakes, 1668, and stationed at La Pointe, near the
western end of Lake Superior, 1670. Here he heard from the Illinois of a
great river flowing far to the south, and was filled with an ardent
desire to explore it. His opportunity came two years later, when he was
chosen by the Intendant Talon to accompany Louis Jolliet on his
memorable exploration of the Mississippi, 1673. Descending the river to
the mouth of the Arkansas, and satisfying themselves that it flowed
neither into the Atlantic nor the Gulf of California, but into the Gulf
of Mexico, they returned to Green Bay, arriving in Sept. 1673. Marquette
remained at the mission of De Pere until 1675, when he established a
mission at Kaskaskia, on the Illinois. His strength had been broken by
the difficult journey of 1673, and on his return from Kaskaskia to
Michilimackinac, died on the shore of Lake Michigan, May 18, 1675. In
the winter of 1676 his bones were brought to Michilimackinac and buried
there. =Index=: =F= Accompanies Jolliet in his explorations, 155. =L=
One of the founders of mission at Sault Ste. Marie, 11; follows course
of Mississippi, 11, 146; accompanies Jolliet in his explorations, 59;
his death, 146. =WM= Descends the Mississippi with Jolliet, 19. =Bib.=:
Shea, _Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley_; Griffin,
_Discovery of the Mississippi_; Parkman, _La Salle_; Breese, _Early
History of Illinois_; Sparks, _American Biography_, ser. 1, vol. 10.
=Marriages.= =W= Dissenting ministers forbidden to perform ceremony in
New Brunswick, 14, 15; the Dissenters' Marriage Bill, 14, 15; question
settled in 1834, 16. =F= Stimulated by civil authorities, 57. =S=
Question of, in Upper Canada, 85-88, 161.
=Marriott, Sir James= (1730?-1803). Advocate general, 1764;
vice-chancellor, 1767; sat in Parliament for Sudbury, 1781-1784, and
1796-1802. =Index=: His views on question of Canadian laws, 62; examined
in connection with the Quebec Act, 63, 69. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Marshall, John George= (1786-1880). Born in Nova Scotia. Educated at
Halifax, and called to the bar, 1808. Represented Sydney in the Nova
Scotia Assembly, 1811-1823. Subsequently appointed chief-justice of the
Court of Common Pleas. Died in Halifax. =Bib.=: _Brief History of Events
in Nova Scotia during the Earliest Years of the Present Century_.
=Marsolet, Nicolas= (1587-1677). Came to Canada from France about 1608,
and for many years an interpreter for the Montagnais and Algonquian
tribes. In 1629, when Kirke took Quebec, deserted to the English.
=Index=: =Ch= Accompanies Champlain to Quebec, 41; joins Algonquians to
learn their language, 63; interpreter of Algonquian language, 144; sides
with the Kirkes, 194; subsequent career, 203. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers
of France_.
=Marteilhe.= =Dr= Appointed judge, 183.
=Martial Law.= =Bk= Question respecting, 226. =Hd= Canada under, for
four years after conquest, 41, 43; abolished, 59; Haldimand's opinion
of, for Florida, 65; at Vincennes, 93; not strictly enforced by
Haldimand, 275.
=Martin, Abraham= (1589-1664). Born in Scotland. Came to Canada in 1614,
having married Marguerite Langlois the previous year. Engaged as a pilot
at Quebec. In 1635 granted lands on the heights of Quebec by the Hundred
Associates, and in 1648 and 1652 received further gifts of land from
Adrien Duchesne. =Index=: =WM= First proprietor of Plains of Abraham,
186. =Ch= Early settler, 145, 146; his property, 147. =Bib.=: Doughty,
_Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _Fight for Canada_.
=Martin, Anne.= =Ch= Daughter of Abraham Martin, 146.
=Martin, Charles Amador.= =Ch= Priest, 146.
=Martin (or Marten), Sir Henry= (1562-1641). Born in London. Educated at
Oxford. Sent to the Palatinate, 1613; chancellor of London diocese,
1616; judge of the Admiralty Court, 1617-1641. A member of the Court of
High Commission, 1620-1641. One of the commissioners appointed to
negotiate a settlement in Canadian affairs between England and France,
1629-1630. =Index=: =Ch= English commissioner in matter of Canada, 214.
=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Martin, Joseph= (1852- ). Born in Milton, Ontario. Educated at the
public schools and at the Toronto Normal School. Taught school for a
time; studied law at Ottawa; removed to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba,
1882, and the same year called to the bar of Manitoba. Member of the
Manitoba Assembly, 1883-1892; attorney-general, 1888-1891; carried
through the Act abolishing separate schools in Manitoba, 1890. In 1891
contested Selkirk for the House of Commons, but defeated; elected for
Winnipeg, 1893, but defeated, 1896. Removed to British Columbia, 1897;
elected to the British Columbia Assembly for Vancouver; subsequently
attorney-general and premier of the province. Removed to England, 1909,
and in same year contested Stratford-on-Avon for the British House of
Commons, but defeated; elected to represent East St. Pancras, London,
1910. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_; Ewart, _The
Manitoba School Question_.
=Martin, Marguerite.= =Ch= Daughter of Abraham Martin, 146.
=Martinez, Estevan Jose.= Accompanied Perez to North-West Coast in 1773
as pilot. In 1788 sent again to the North-West Coast as joint commander
with De Haro of an expedition to watch the operations of the Russians;
the following year again sent north from Mexico in command of the
_Princessa_. Seized the _Iphigenia_ at Nootka, but afterwards released
it; fortified Hog Island near Friendly Cove, and took formal possession
of Nootka; also seized several other vessels at Nootka, and imprisoned
Captain Colnett. After carrying out some local explorations returned to
Mexico. =Index=: =D= Asserts Spanish sovereignty over Pacific, 28; at
Nootka, 28; seizes _Iphigenia_ and _North-West America_, and claims
Nootka by right of conquest, 28; claims disproved by Douglas, 28;
_Iphigenia_ released, but _North-West America_ retained, 29; seizes
_Princess Royal_ and _Argonaut_, 29. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the
North-West Coast_.
=Marylanders.= =Dr= Loyalists, commanded by Chalmers, 202.
=Mascarene, Paul= (1684-1760). Born in Castras, in the south of France.
Educated at Geneva, and afterwards went to England; naturalized, 1706.
Entered the army, 1708; accompanied his regiment to America, 1710; took
part in the capture of Port Royal. Became lieutenant-colonel of
Philipps's regiment, and a member of the Council of Nova Scotia.
Lieutenant-governor of Annapolis, 1740, and administrator of the
government of the province until the arrival of Governor Cornwallis,
1749. Defended Annapolis against Du Vivier, 1744. Retired from active
service on account of advancing age; gazetted major-general. Lived in
Boston until his death. =Bib.=: _Selections from the Public Documents of
Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_. _See
also_ Acadians, Expulsion of the.
=Mascouten Indians.= An Algonquian tribe. The name means "Little prairie
people." They were known to the French as _Nation du feu_. First
mentioned by Champlain in 1616; Perrot visited their village, near Fox
River, Wis., some time before 1669. They were also seen by Allouez in
1670, and by Marquette in 1673. Always a small tribe, they disappeared
entirely before the end of the eighteenth century. =Bib.=: Hodge,
_Handbook of American Indians_.
=Maseres, Francis= (1731-1824). Born in London. Educated at Cambridge.
In 1766 appointed attorney-general of Quebec, holding the position until
1769. Returned to England and was cursitor baron of the Exchequer,
1773-1824, and in 1780 became senior judge of the Sheriff's Court,
London. =Index=: =Dr= Attorney-general, of Huguenot descent, conducts
prosecution in Walker Case, 37; called upon to report on a system of
law for the country, 41; goes to England, 56; opposed to Carleton and
others on question of Canadian laws, 62; called as witness in connection
with Quebec Act, 63; evidence before House of Commons, 68. =Hd= Supports
Du Calvet, 290, 291, 305; mentioned by MacLean, 310; his opinion of
Mabane, 315. =Bib.=: Works: _Account of the Proceedings of the British
and other Protestant Inhabitants of the Province of Quebec, in Order to
Obtain an House of Assembly_; _Additional Papers Concerning the Province
of Quebec_; _Canadian Freeholder_; _Collection of Commissions, etc.,
Relating to the Province of Quebec_; _Occasional Essays_. For biog.,
_see Dict. Nat. Biog._; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_.
=Massachusetts.= =F= Charter of, declared null and void, 264; takes lead
in expedition against Quebec, 277. =Bk= War of 1812 unpopular in, 208.
=Masse, Enemond= (1574-1646). Born in France. Entered the Society of
Jesus, 1596. In 1611 went to Port Royal (Annapolis); and later to Mount
Desert Island, where he established a mission and built a fort. In 1613
Captain Samuel Argall (_q.v._), attacked the fort, and Masse and most of
the colonists were taken prisoners. In 1614 went to France; returned in
1625, and spent the remainder of his life in mission work among the
Algonquians and Montagnais. Taken prisoner at Quebec in 1629, but
afterwards released. =Index=: =Ch= Jesuit, 152; returns to college of La
Fleche, 207; returns to Canada, 228. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New
France_; Parkman, _Old Regime_; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=Masson, Louis Francois Rodrigue= (1833-1903). Born at Terrebonne.
Entered Parliament in 1867 as member for Terrebonne; minister of militia
and defence, 1878; president of the Council, 1880; called to the Senate,
1882; lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1884; again called to the Senate,
1890. =Bib.=: _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_. For biog.,
_see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Mather, Cotton= (1663-1728). =F= On failure of Phipps's expedition,
302; on rescue of some men cast ashore on Anticosti, 304. =Bib.=: _Cyc.
Am. Biog._
=Matheron.= =L= Steward of abbey of Maubec, 137.
=Mathews, Peter.= =Mc= Executed, 435; monument to, 436.
=Mathews, Robert.= =Hd= English secretary to Haldimand, 245, 305; signs
order for arrest of Du Calvet, 286; sails for England with Haldimand,
309; on Mrs. Fairchild, 314; Haldimand's interest in, 331; returns to
Canada as aide-de-camp to Lord Dorchester, 332; sent to Detroit as
lieutenant-governor, 332; receives bequest from Haldimand, 342.
=Maubec, Abbey of.= =L= Revenues of, assigned to bishopric of Quebec,
131, 132, 136, 137.
=Maupassant.= =F= Recollet father, Frontenac's confessor, 165.
=Maurelle, Francisco Antonio.= Sailed to the North-West Coast with
Quadra in 1775, and again in 1779. Embodied the results of the
explorations in several charts of the coast with explanatory text, which
were published in Mexico and also in London. His journal of the 1775
expedition published in Barrington's _Miscellany_, 1781. Commanded the
_Princessa_, 1781-1782, on a voyage from Manilla to San Bias. =Index=:
=D= On North-West Coast, 15. =Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast
Names_; Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.
=Maxwell, Colonel.= =W= Sent to frontier with troops in 1839, 135.
=May, Sir Humphrey= (1573-1630). Born in England. Educated at Oxford. In
1604 groom of the King's privy chamber; in 1618 surveyor of the Court of
Wards, and chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster; and in 1625 privy
councillor; in 1629 one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate a
settlement in North American affairs between England and France.
=Index=: =Ch= English commissioner in matter of Canada, 214. =Bib.=:
_Dict. Nat. Biog._
=May, Sir Thomas Erskine.= _See_ Farnborough.
=Meade, George Gordon= (1815-1872). In 1865-1866 commanded the military
division of the Atlantic, during which period prevented the Fenians from
making Eastport, Maine, the base of operations against New Brunswick.
=Index=: =T= Sent to check Fenians, 107. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Meares, John= (1756-1809). Born in England. Entered the navy, 1776, and
served against the French until 1783. Entered the merchant service,
1783, and explored the coast of Alaska, 1786. Explored and surveyed the
north-west coast of America, 1789. =Index=: =D= Winters 1786-1787 in
Prince William Sound, 22; half his crew die of scurvy, 22; voyage of
1788, and his connection with "Nootka Affair," 26; at Canton, 1788, 27;
expedition to North-West Coast, 27; at Nootka, 27; purchases land from
Maquinna for fur-trading post, 27; builds _North-West America_, at
Nootka,--first ship launched in what is now British Columbia, 28;
explores coast southwards, 28; enters and examines Strait of Juan de
Fuca, and takes possession for Great Britain, 28; sails for China, 28.
=Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Medley, John= (1804-1892). Born in London, England. Graduated at
Oxford, 1826; ordained priest, 1829; vicar of St. John's, Truro, 1831;
of St. Thomas, Exeter, 1838, and prebendary of Exeter cathedral, 1842.
Elected first bishop of Fredericton, New Brunswick, 1845; metropolitan
of Canada, 1879. =Bib.=: Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of
England in Canada and Newfoundland_; Dent, _Can. Por._
=Meech, Lieutenant.= =WM= Makes reconnaissance of Island of Orleans, 92.
=Meilleur, Jean Baptiste= (1795-1878). Born in St. Laurent, near
Montreal. Educated at the College of St. Sulpice, Montreal; studied law,
and, later, medicine. Elected to the Assembly, 1834, and appointed
superintendent of public instruction by Sir Charles Bagot, 1842. Held
this position for fifteen years, during which time forty-five
educational institutions were established. In 1862 appointed postmaster
of Montreal. One of the founders of the College of L'Assomption.
=Index=: =BL= Appointed superintendent of public instruction by Bagot,
115. =Bib.=: Bibaud, _Dict. Hist._ and _Pan. Can._
=Melbourne, William Lamb, second Viscount= (1779-1848). Born in London,
England. Educated at Eton, Cambridge, and Glasgow. Entered Parliament,
1805; Irish secretary under Canning, 1827, and under Wellington, 1828;
and in 1830-1834 home secretary under Grey; for a few months in 1834,
prime minister. In 1835 again became prime minister and retained office
for six years; from 1837 to 1841 acted as adviser to the young Queen
Victoria. =Index=: =Sy= Becomes prime minister, 45; dismissed by the
king, 45; recalled to power, 46; weakness of his government, 47; his
estimate of Poulett Thomson, 6; resigns, 56; returns to office, 57;
Cabinet reorganized, 57. =W= Negotiations _re_ New Brunswick crown
lands, 37. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; _Letters of Queen Victoria_.
=Melville, Henry Dundas, first Viscount= (1742-1811). Sat for
Midlothian, 1774-1790, and for Edinburgh, 1790-1802; home secretary,
1791-1794; secretary of war, 1794-1801; first lord of admiralty,
1804-1805. =Index=: =S= Secretary of state, thought Simcoe's educational
schemes premature, 169. =Dr= Colonial secretary, disapproves of
Dorchester's speech to Miami Indians, 283. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Melville, Henry Dundas, third Viscount= (1801-1876). Served through
Rebellion of 1837. General, 1868. =Index=: =Mc= Defends Windmill Point,
443; accepts Van Schoultz's surrender, 444. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Membertou, Henry= (1510?-1611). Micmac sagamore; became a convert to
Christianity in extreme old age. In 1604 De Monts and his band of
colonists landed in Acadia, and the chief received them hospitably.
Assisted the French against hostile Indians, and in 1607 with a force of
Micmacs defeated the Armouchiquois Indians. In 1610 baptized, with his
family and other Indians; and was counted a zealous son of the church.
Is reputed to have been over a hundred years of age at his death.
=Index=: =Ch= Aged Indian who claimed to have known Jacques Cartier, 36.
=Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.
=Membre, Zenobius= (1645-1687). Born in France. The first novice in the
Recollet province of St. Anthony. In 1675 came to Canada; in 1679 a
member of La Salle's expedition to the West; and in 1682 accompanied La
Salle on his voyage down the Mississippi. In 1684 again associated with
La Salle on his second expedition to the mouth of the Mississippi.
Killed at Fort St. Louis, in an Indian attack. =Index=: =L= Recollet
missionary, 149, 150. =Bib.=: Parkman, _La Salle_.
=Menneval, Robineau de.= Governor of Acadia in 1689, with headquarters
at Port Royal. In 1690 Port Royal was attacked by the English, and after
vainly attempting to defend it, captured and sent as prisoner to
England. =Index=: =F= Governor of Acadia, 272; surrenders to Phipps,
274; carried prisoner to Boston, 276; released, 277. =Bib.=: Charlevoix,
_History of New France_; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=Mercier, Honore= (1840-1894). Born at Ste. Athanase, Quebec. Educated
at the Jesuit College, Montreal. In 1865 called to the Quebec bar; and
in 1872 elected to the Dominion Parliament for Rouville. In 1879
appointed solicitor-general in the Quebec provincial Assembly; and in
1883 elected member for St. Hyacinthe, and liberal leader in the House.
In 1887 premier of Quebec and held office until Dec. 15, 1891, when the
ministry was dismissed because of the Baie de Chaleur Railway scandal.
Introduced the Jesuits' Estates Act in the Quebec Legislature. =Index=:
=C= One of the founders of _Le Parti National_ and its organ _Le
National_, 30; eulogizes the clergy, 30. =Md= Heads an agitation in
favour of Riel, 243; incorporates the Society of Jesus, 286; introduces
and passes the Jesuits' Estates Act in Quebec Legislature, 186, 287.
=Bib.=: Legendre, _Honore Mercier_ in _Men of the Day_; Willison, _Sir
Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_.
=Mercury.= Newspaper of Quebec, established, 1805. =Index=: =BL= Voices
sentiments of dominant faction in Lower Canada, 20. =P= Antagonistic
attitude to French-Canadians, 28; makes merry at expense of Papineau's
followers, 122-123. =Bk= Editor of, forced to apologize to Legislative
Assembly, 93; opinions expressed in, 93, 116.
=Meredith, Sir William Collis= (1812-1894). Born in Dublin, Ireland.
Emigrated to Canada; in 1836 called to the bar of Montreal, and in 1844
appointed Q. C. From 1849 to 1859 a judge of the Superior Court for the
province of Quebec; in 1859-1866 judge of the Queen's Bench; in 1866
chief justice of the Superior Court; retired in 1884. During Lord
Elgin's administration as governor-general of Canada (1847-1854), one of
the judges of the Seigniorial Court. In 1886 knighted. =Index=: =E=
Member of Seigniorial Court, 187.
=Meredith, Sir William Ralph= (1840- ). Born in the county of Middlesex,
Ontario. Educated at the London District Grammar School, and at the
University of Toronto. Studied law, and called to the bar, 1861. Sat in
the Ontario Assembly, 1872-1894; leader of the opposition, 1878-1894.
Appointed chief justice of the Common Pleas Division of the High Court
of Justice, 1894. Knighted, 1896. Chancellor of the University of
Toronto. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Merritt, William Hamilton= (1793-1862). Born in Westchester County, New
York. Came to Canada with his parents, 1796. Served during the war of
1812-1814; took part in the capture of Detroit and the battles of
Queenston Heights, Stony Creek, and Lundy's Lane. The principal promoter
of the Welland Canal, opened in 1830. In 1832 elected to the Legislative
Assembly; and in 1845 projected the Niagara Falls suspension bridge. In
1848 president of the Council in the La Fontaine-Baldwin administration;
in 1850 commissioner of public works; and in 1860 member of the
Legislative Council. =Index=: =Bk= Commands troop of cavalry at
Queenston Heights, 310. =E= Elected in 1848, 50; Welland Canal due to
his enterprise, 97; a member of the La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 97.
=Mc= President of Welland Canal, 265; sues Mackenzie for libel, 265.
=Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Merritt, _Hon. W. H.
Merritt_.
=Mesnard, Father.= =L= Death of, 11.
=Mesnu, Peuvret de.= =L= Clerk of the Sovereign Council, 158, 167.
=Mesplet, Fleury.= =Hd= Publisher of first books printed in Canada, 276;
founder of Montreal _Gazette_, 276; publishes scurrilous sheet in
French, and is arrested, 277. =S= Prints Simcoe's first proclamation,
80, 173.
=Metaberoutin.= _See_ St. Maurice River.
=Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus, Baron= (1785-1846). Born in Calcutta,
India. Educated at Eton. Resident of Delhi, 1811-1820; in 1820-1827
resident of Hyderabad; and member of the Supreme Council of India, 1827.
Provisional governor-general, 1835-1836; and lieutenant-governor of the
North-West Provinces, 1836-1838; governor of Jamaica, 1839-1842. In 1843
appointed governor-general of Canada, and held the position until 1845.
=Index=: =Sy= Did not believe that Sydenham was really in favour of
responsible government, 312; his reactionary policy, 313. =C= On the
union of 1841, 14-15; his high-handedness, 17; his political schemes,
18; constitutional battle with La Fontaine as to meaning of ministerial
responsibility, 97. =R= Ryerson's defence of, 126, 129-130, 163;
opposition to, 126-131; confers with Ryerson on popular education, 163.
=B= Reasons for his selection as governor, 18-19; Hincks on, 18-19;
rupture with his advisers, 19; his character and attitude towards
responsible government, 19-20, 23, 24; defended by Ryerson, 22; wins
elections, 26; leaves Canada, 27; his death, 27; Brown refuses to drink
his health, 27-28. =H= His narrow views and arbitrary conduct, delays
full development of responsible government, 55. =BL= The great political
controversy during his administration, x; on responsible government,
138; his arrival in Kingston, reception, and appearance, 155; his
character and views on representative government, 156-166; his birth,
158; difficulties of his position, 166-168; relations with Baldwin and
La Fontaine, 169-176; 199-214; defended by Daly and MacNab, 214-215;
forms provisional government, 216; defended by Wakefield, 219, 220;
agitation of the Reform Association, 221-223; attacked by the _Globe_,
224, 225; public addresses, 226-228; supported by Stanley, the colonial
secretary, in his quarrel with the Reformers, 230-234; and by Lord John
Russell, Peel, and Buller, 234-235; attempts to form a Cabinet, 235-236;
defended by Ryerson, 240-242; Sullivan's reply, 243-244; Ryerson's
rejoinder, 245-246; forms Cabinet, 246-247; uses personal influence in
elections, 1844, 249-250; wins the election, 250; elevation to peerage,
256-257; his recall, 263, 265; his illness and death, 265; succeeded by
Cathcart, 265; his mistaken policy, 272, 274, 285; refuses La Fontaine's
request for amnesty, 288, 291; and Baldwin's University Bill, 293; and
the Indemnification Bill, 308; La Fontaine's reference to, in his
farewell speech, 356. =E= Succeeds Bagot as governor-general, 32; his
defects as governor, 32, 33, 39; comes into conflict with La Fontaine
and Baldwin, 33-34; his views on patronage, 34-35; attempts to form a
ministry, 35-36, 66, 119; and Ryerson, 36, 90; Kaye's views on, 36;
raised to peerage, 37; his death, 37; Macaulay on, 37-38; Hincks on, 38;
succeeded by Cathcart, 38; and the Rebellion Losses question, 64; rebels
allowed to return from exile, 91. =Md= Succeeds Sir Charles Bagot as
governor-general of Canada, 18; previous appointments, 18; disagrees
with Baldwin and La Fontaine on question of patronage, 18, 19;
difficulty in forming administration, 19; his high-handed policy, 20;
carries on government with three ministers, 20; his administration
sustained in general election, 21; resigns, 24; leaves Canada, 24, 25.
=W= New Brunswick House of Assembly presents address to, 74; attacked by
Wilmot and Fisher, 74; addresses from St. John and county of York,
74-75; his unconstitutional attitude, 75, 76. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.
Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Kaye, _Life and
Correspondence of Lord Metcalfe_; Ryerson, _Story of my Life_; Pope,
_Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.
=Methodist Church in Canada.= Can be traced back to 1772, when a party
of Yorkshire Methodists settled in Nova Scotia. The first provincial
Methodist Conference was held at Halifax in 1786. In 1814 the British
Conference appointed missionaries to Quebec and Montreal; and in 1807
the first Methodist Conference was held at Elizabethtown (Brockville).
In 1828 the Canada Conference became independent of the Methodist
Episcopal Church of the United States; and in 1833 the Canada Methodist
Episcopal Church united with the British Wesleyans. In 1874 the Wesleyan
Methodist Conference of Canada, the Canadian Wesleyan New Connexion
Conference, and the Wesleyan Conference of Eastern British America
became one as the Methodist Church of Canada. The first session of the
General Conference was held the same year. In 1883 the Primitive
Methodist Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church also became part of
the Methodist Church in Canada. =Index=: =R= History of church in
Canada, 38; without civil rights, 40; independent Canadian church
established, 81; English Methodism in Canada, 87; Wesleyan missionaries,
89; Canadian bodies united, 287-288. =S= Bishop Mountain's low opinion
of Methodist preachers in Upper Canada, 159; their earnest labours,
162-164. =Bib.=: Sanderson, _The First Century of Methodism in Canada_;
Ryerson, _Canadian Methodism_; Carman, _Historical Sketch of Canadian
Methodism_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 2.
=Methye Portage.= Also known as Portage La Loche. Named after the methye
or loche (_Lota maculosa_), which has always been abundant in
neighbouring waters. This portage was an important point in the palmy
days of the fur trade. It leads from the Churchill to the Clearwater,
and so to the Athabaska and the immense systems of northern and western
waterways that lie beyond. It was noted for its beautiful scenery, which
has been described or mentioned by Mackenzie, Franklin, Back, and other
northern travellers. It was first crossed by Peter Pond in 1778. The
route has now been abandoned for some years, supplies for the northern
posts of the Hudson's Bay Company being transported overland from
Edmonton to Athabaska Landing, and thence down the Athabaska. =Bib.=:
Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.
=Metiomegne.= =L= Algonquian chief, joins Dollard at Long Sault, 69.
=Metis.= =Md= Or Half-breeds, view with alarm the prospect of annexation
of territories to Canada, 157; their complaints as to division of lands,
240; their sympathy with Riel, 243.
=Meulles, Chevalier Jacques de.= Intendant of New France, 1682-1686. The
son of Francois Meulles, seignior of the forest of Montpensier, in
Poitou; held the office of grand bailiff, or magistrate, of Orleans,
before coming to Canada. Married a sister of Michel Begon, intendant of
Rochefort, and father of Michel Begon, afterwards intendant of New
France. =Index=: =F= Intendant, opposed to popular representation, 69;
arrival of, 171; criticizes La Barre in despatches, 173, 174; on La
Barre's expedition against Senecas, 188; recalled, 207; visits Acadia,
and makes census, 271. =L= Succeeds Duchesneau as intendant, 68;
incapable and conceited, 186; the king's instructions to, 186, =Bib.=:
Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle-France_ (R. S. C., 1903); Parkman,
_Frontenac_.
=Mexico.= =Ch= Visited and described by Champlain, 4.
=Mezy, Augustin de Saffray, Chevalier de.= Governor of New France from
1663 until his death in 1665. =Index=: =F= Appointed governor on Laval's
recommendation, 48; quarrels with Laval, 50; death of, 50. =L= Governor,
sides with traders on the liquor question, 10; succeeds D'Avaugour, 41;
supports the bishop at first, and then quarrels with him, 51; death of,
51. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _Old Regime_.
=Miami Indians.= A tribe of the Algonquian family, belonging chiefly to
what is now Wisconsin, where the French first came in contact with them
in 1690. After 1700 many removed to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and
adjoining territory. In the colonial wars they fought indifferently on
both sides. In 1812 they served under Tecumseh with the British against
the Americans. =Index=: =Dr= Dorchester's speech to, 282. =Bib.=: Hodge,
_Handbook of American Indians_.
=Miami River.= Rises in Hardin County, Ohio, and flowing south and
south-west for about 150 miles, enters the Ohio River, twenty miles west
of Cincinnati. =Index=: =S= General Wayne defeats Indians on, 139.
=Michel, Jacques.= =Ch= Huguenot, violent conduct of, towards Father
Jean de Brebeuf, 201; his fate, 202.
=Michigan Territory.= =Bk= Ceded to Britain with surrender of Detroit,
255, 260.
=Michilimackinac.= A missionary station and fur-trading post, which
stood on the straits between Lakes Huron and Michigan. The name was
derived from an Algonquian tribe, the Mishinimaki, and in its original
form meant "Place of the big wounded person." The name is now shortened
to Mackinac. It was an important place throughout the period of French
rule in Canada; and was the scene of the famous massacre of 1763,
described by Alexander Henry, and by Parkman in his _Conspiracy of
Pontiac_. =Index=: =Bk= Resort of fur traders, 53; United States fort,
captured by Captain Roberts, 211. =S= Handed over to United States, 142.
=MS= Migration of French to, from Detroit, 12. =Hd= Situation of, 145,
153; Sinclair in charge at, 158; an expensive fort to maintain, 161,
163; plan for settling Loyalists near, 259; Haldimand's determination
regarding defence of, 260; surrender of, in 1796, 262. =Bib.=: Kelton,
_Annals of Fort Mackinac_; Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_; Lucas,
_Canadian War of 1812_.
=Micmac Indians.= An Algonquian tribe, called by the French, Souriquois.
Their habitat was in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and northern New
Brunswick. Visited by Cabot in 1497; and by Corte-Real in 1501. They
were for a long time bitterly hostile to the British. In 1611 they
numbered about 3000; and their population in 1884 was given as 4000.
=Index=: =WM= Indian tribe, enemies of the English, 16; =H= Howe
interests himself in their welfare, 245; his report on their condition,
246. =Bib.=: Biard, _Relation_, 1616; Rand, _Micmac Dictionary_; Hodge,
_Handbook of American Indians_.
=Middleton, Sir Frederick Dobson= (1825-1898). Born in Belfast, Ireland.
Educated at Sandhurst, and entered the army, 1842. Served in India
during the mutiny, 1857-1858. In 1868 stationed in Canada; and in 1884
general in command of the militia of Canada. In 1885 commanded the
Canadian troops during the Riel Rebellion, and, for his services in
suppressing it, knighted and received a grant of $20,000. Appointed,
1896, keeper of the crown jewels in the Tower of London. _See_ Riel
Rebellion, 1885. =Index=: =Md= Commands troops sent to quell Riel
Rebellion, 242. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Denison, _Soldiering in
Canada_.
=Milan Decree.= =Bk= Issued by Napoleon in 1808, 110; disastrous effects
of, 110-111; 171, 172. =Bib.=: _Dict. Eng. Hist._
=Milbank Sound.= West coast of British Columbia, north of Queen
Charlotte Sound, and south of Princess Royal Island. Named in 1788 by
Captain Charles Duncan, of the _Princess Royal_, after Vice-admiral Mark
Milbanke. =Index=: =D= Natives of, attack the _Atahualpa_, 1805, and
kill the captain, mate, and six seamen, 37. =Bib.=: Walbran, _British
Columbia Coast Names_.
=Militia and Defence.= =WM= Militia in Canada raised by conscription and
receive no pay, 30; composition of military forces, 29-30; desertions,
119. =Dr= French-Canadian militia called out, 86; their unwillingness to
serve, 87; their good behaviour at Quebec, 111, 124, 144; lose
confidence in British regulars as result of American war, 242; strongly
object to being enrolled, 278, 290; Militia Bill of 1777 disliked by
_habitants_, 186. =Bk= Military roads in Upper Canada, 52; military
posts in Upper Canada, 53-59; militia organization in Upper and Lower
Canada, 190; Brock's commendation of militia in general order, 212. =S=
Passage of Militia Act of Upper Canada, 91. =C= Militia reorganized
after Trent affair, and again after Confederation, 87; Cartier's
interest in, 87-88, 110. =E= Under French regime, 177-178; Elgin's views
on colonial defence, 209-210. =B= Government defeated on Militia Bill of
1862, 142; its terms, 142; disappointment in England over, 142; question
of defence one of forces leading towards Confederation, 142, 147, 181,
182; debate in House of Lords on Canadian defence, 181, 183-184; scheme
of defence, 184-185, 186; improved militia system advocated by Canada
First Association, 236. =Md= Bill defeated for better organization of,
88; militia organized, 151.
=Mill, John Stuart= (1806-1873). English philosopher. =Index=: =Sy=
Sydenham's acquaintance with, 13. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Miller, James Andrew= (1839-1886). Born in Galt, Ontario. Called to the
bar, 1863; judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba, 1880-1882;
attorney-general of Manitoba, 1882-1885; prepared, along with Oliver
Mowat, the special case on the boundaries of Ontario and Manitoba for
submission to the Privy Council; registrar-general of titles of
Manitoba, 1885.
=Miller, William.= =H= Anti-Confederationist, changes his views, and
moves resolution authorizing Nova Scotia delegates to frame
Confederation scheme in London, 179; brings action against Annand for
libel, 188.
=Millet, Pierre= (1635-1708). Born at Bourges, France. Came to Canada,
1667; sent to the Onondaga mission the following year; and in 1672 to
Oneida, where he remained until 1686, labouring with characteristic
devotion among his savage flock. Met Denonville at Cataraqui in 1686,
and, as a result of the governor's expedition against the Iroquois,
unjustly suspected by the Oneidas of being implicated. Captured by a
war-party at Cataraqui, in 1689, and carried back to Oneida as a
prisoner. The Oneidas threatened to kill him, but he was finally
released, and adopted into the tribe. Remained at Oneida until 1694,
when he returned to Quebec, where he spent his latter years. =Index=:
=F= Tortured by Oneida Indians, 216. =L= On the Christian character of
Garakontie, 73. =Bib.=: Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_.
=Mills, David= (1831-1903). Born in the township of Orford, Kent County,
Ontario. Educated at the University of Michigan. Taught school for
several years; afterwards inspector of schools for Kent County until
1865. In 1867 entered the Dominion Parliament; and in 1876-1878 minister
of the interior in Mackenzie administration. In 1883 called to the bar
of Ontario; practised in London; and created Q. C., 1890. Appointed to
the Senate, 1896; minister of justice in the Laurier administration,
1897; justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1901-1903. =Index=: =Md=
On national policy, 224. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Morgan, _Can.
Men_.
=Milnes, Sir Robert Shore= (1746-1836). Born in England. Entered the
army. In 1795 governor of the island of Martinique; in 1799 appointed
lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada; and during the absence of Gen.
Robert Prescott acting governor; retired, 1803. =Index=: =P= His
governorship marked by bitter relations between French and English in
Lower Canada, 27. =Bk= Lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada, 34, 45;
distrusted French-Canadians, 47. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower
Canada_.
=Minchin, George.= =W= Appointed to New Brunswick Council, 69.
=Minto, Gilbert John Murray Kynynmond Elliot, Earl= (1847- ). Educated
at Eton and Cambridge, and entered the army, 1867. Served with the
Turkish army, 1877; in the Afghan War, 1879; private secretary to Lord
Roberts at the Cape, 1881; took part in the Egyptian campaign, 1882.
Military secretary to the Marquis of Lansdowne when governor-general of
Canada, 1883-1885; and in 1885 served through the Riel Rebellion as
chief of staff to General Middleton. Governor-general of Canada,
1898-1904; viceroy of India, 1905-1910. =Index=: =Md= On Louis Riel,
240. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Miristou.= =Ch= Montagnais chief, 159.
=Miscou.= An island on the southern side of the entrance to the Baie de
Chaleur. Name probably of Indian origin. First appears in Champlain's
narrative. It was the reputed home of the Gougou, a very remarkable
monster, described by Champlain. Cartier sighted the island in 1534,
when sailing into the Baie de Chaleur. He named Miscou Point, Cap
d'Esperance. A Basque establishment is mentioned here as early as 1623;
and in 1645 Nicolas Denys built a fort about the same place, having
secured a concession from the Company of Miscou. =Index=: =Ch= French
habitation at, seized by Kirke, 177; Jesuit mission at, 234, 235.
=Bib.=: Ganong, _Place-Nomenclature of New Brunswick_ (R. S. C., 1896);
Denys, _Acadia_, ed. by Ganong; Dawson, _St. Lawrence Basin_.
=Mississagua Indians.= A tribe of Algonquian stock. They are named on
Galinee's map of 1670 as occupying the north shore of Lake Huron, about
the mouth of Thessalon River. Some were at the mission of Sault Ste.
Marie, 1670-1673. After the great Iroquois raid of 1650, they scattered
to the north country. A hundred years later, some of the tribe were
found on the borders of Lake Ontario. They had been absorbed by the
Iroquois in 1746. About seven hundred are now living on reservations in
Ontario. =Index=: =Hd= Engage in ginseng trade, 148; lands purchased
from, 265. =Bib.=: Chamberlain, _Notes on the History, Customs and
Beliefs of the Mississaguas_; Pilling, _Bibliography of the Algonquian
Languages; Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites.
=Mississagua Point.= =Bk= At entrance to Niagara River, lighthouse,
dockyard, and a fort at, 58.
=Mississippi River.= Rises in northern Minnesota, its chief source being
Itasca Lake, and enters the Gulf of Mexico, after a course of 2550
miles. It was discovered by the Spaniards, early in the sixteenth
century. De Soto explored the lower part of the river, and died on its
banks in 1541. Radisson was probably the first white man to see its
upper waters, in 1659. Jean Nicolet reached Wisconsin River in 1634, but
did not descend it to the Mississippi. Jolliet and Marquette in 1673
reached the Mississippi, and descended as far as the mouth of the
Arkansas. In 1682 La Salle descended the river from the mouth of the
Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico. Its headwaters were discovered by David
Thompson, of the North West Company, in 1798. =Index=: =WM= Exploration
of, 19. =L= Exploration of, 145; La Salle reaches mouth of, 150; taken
possession of, in name of king of France, 151. =Hd= Proposed canal route
to, 77. =Bib.=: Lippincott's _Gazetteer of the World_; Parkman, _La
Salle_; Chambers, _The Mississippi River and its Wonderful Valley_.