=Index=: =Md= Proposed government subsidy in connection with university
scheme, 29; college and its property secularized, becoming University of
Toronto, 30; replaced as Church of England College by University of
Trinity College, 30. =BL= Conceived by Simcoe, land grant made, royal
charter granted, Strachan president of, 191-192; opposition to terms of
charter, amendments, building erected, teaching begins, 1843, 192-193;
its land grant, 194; Baldwin proposes transfer of its property to
University of Toronto, 195, 293; Strachan opposes transfer, 195, 196.
=E= Its history and connection with the university question, 93-94. =R=
Strachan secures royal charter, 72; and becomes first president, 73;
terms of charter, 73-74; inauguration, 1843, 147; its financial
position, 147; council of, charged with control of grammar schools,
248-249. _See_ Toronto University. =Bib.=: Hopkins, _Canada: An Ency._,
vol. 4; Bethune, _Memoir of Bishop Strachan_; Robinson, _Sir John
Beverley Robinson_.
=King's Printer, Upper Canada.= =S= Louis Roy, first incumbent of
office, 172; Roy succeeded by G. Tiffany, 173.
=King's Royal Regiment of New York.= =Hd= Raised by Sir John Johnson,
156; Beverley Robinson colonel of, 201; disbanded and receive grants of
land, 255.
=Kingsford, William= (1819-1898). Came to Canada from England in 1837.
Qualified as a civil engineer in Montreal, and practised his profession
for some years. The author of many pamphlets, in addition to his
monumental history, the preparation of which he took up late in life,
and completed shortly before his death. =Index=: =L= On Dollard's
exploit, 75. =Bib.=: Works: _Impressions of the West and South during a
Six Weeks' Holiday_; _Canadian Canals_; _Canadian Archaeology_; _Early
Bibliography of Ontario_; _History of Canada_, 10 vols. For list of Dr.
Kingsford's contributions to periodicals, _see_ R. S. C. _Trans._, 1894,
47-48. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; MacMurchy, _Canadian
Literature_.
=Kingston.= City of Ontario, founded by United Empire Loyalists, 1783.
=Index=: =Md= Sir John A. Macdonald's early life in, 2; practises law
there, 5; elected alderman of, 10; asked to be Conservative candidate
for, 11; elected for, 12; constituency represented by Macdonald, with
one short break, throughout his whole public career, 12, 16, 31, 211;
its rivalry for seat of government, 39; meeting at, protests against
Rebellion Losses Bill, 42; dissatisfied with selection of Ottawa as
capital, 85; difficulty over visit of Prince of Wales, 1860, 88;
Macdonald defeated in, 1878, 228. =S= Government of Upper Canada
organized at, 79; rejected by Simcoe in favour of York as arsenal for
Lake Ontario, 204; Simcoe spends winter of 1794-1795 at, 211; growth of
the town, 211. =BL= Selected by Sydenham as capital, reasons for the
choice, 73; its history, 73-75; the legislative building, 85-86;
Assembly passes resolution declaring city not suitable as seat of
government, 147; reception to Metcalfe, 155; not satisfactory as
capital, 180; Harrison member for, 182; serious trouble between
Orangemen and Roman Catholics, 187; severe fire of 1812, 298; special
powers granted to magistrates of, 298, 300. =Sy= Chosen as seat of
government, 282, 292; accommodation at, for Legislature and government
offices, 293. =Bk= An important military post, 56; differing views of
Dorchester and Simcoe respecting, 56; Brock stations deputy
quartermaster-general at, 80. _See_ Frontenac; Cataraqui. =Bib.=:
Machar, _Old Kingston_.
=Kinnear.= =W= Solicitor-general, New Brunswick, 1846, 116; joins the
government, 116; proposed for judgeship, 130.
=Kirby, William= (1817-1906). Born in Kingston-upon-Hull, England. Came
to Canada, 1832, but educated at Cincinnati, Ohio. Settled at Niagara,
Ontario, 1839, where edited and published the _Mail_ for twenty years.
Collector of customs at Niagara, 1871-1895. =Bib.=: Works: _The United
Empire_; _Le Chien d'Or_; _Pontiac_; _Canadian Idylls_; _Annals of
Niagara_. For biog., _see_ MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.
=Kirke, Sir David= (1596-1655?). Born in Dieppe, son of a Scottish
merchant. Went to England, and, with his two brothers, given command of
an expedition against the French in Canada, 1627. Appeared before
Quebec, but Champlain, who was then in charge, refused to surrender.
Returned down the river, met and defeated the French squadron under De
Roquemont, in July, 1628, and reappeared before Quebec the following
year, when the garrison, reduced to starvation, was forced to surrender.
Knighted by Charles I, 1633, and obtained a grant of lands in
Newfoundland. Appointed governor of the island; removed by Cromwell; and
returned in 1652. =Index=: =Ch= Commands expedition against Quebec, 173;
acts under authority of Sir William Alexander, 176; his letter to
Champlain, 176; sails for Europe, 179; spends several days in Quebec,
204; accused by Champlain of intolerance, 205, 206; learns of treaty of
peace between England and France, 207. =F= Captures Quebec, 21. =Bib.=:
Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_; Parkman, _Pioneers of
France_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Kirke, Sir Lewis.= Born 1599. Accompanied his brother Sir David Kirke
on his expeditions to Canada and Newfoundland. Fought on the side of
Charles during the Civil War. Commanded a troop of horse at the battle
of Edgehill; took part in the siege of Gloucester and in the battle of
Newbury; knighted by the king, 1643; made governor of Bridgenorth
Castle; heavily fined under Cromwell for his loyalty to Charles. After
the Restoration appointed captain and paymaster of the corps of
gentleman-at-arms. =Index=: =F= Left in charge of Quebec, surrenders it
to French on conclusion of peace, 23. =Ch= Resides in Fort St. Louis
after capitulation, 158; demands surrender of Quebec, 188-190; grants
articles of capitulation, 191, 192; receives keys of the fort, 195;
hoists English flag, 196; his courteous treatment of Champlain, 199;
shows religious intolerance, 206. =Bib.=: Kirke, _The First English
Conquest of Canada_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.
=Kirke, Thomas.= Born 1603. Brother of Sir David and Sir Lewis Kirke.
Accompanied them on their expeditions in Canada and Newfoundland. Killed
during the Civil War, fighting on the side of Charles. =Index=: =Ch=
Demands surrender of Quebec, 188-190; signs articles of capitulation,
192; takes Emery de Caen prisoner, 220. =Bib.=: Kirke, _The First
English Conquest of Canada_.
=Kirkpatrick, Sir George Airey= (1841-1899). Born in Kingston. Educated
at Trinity College, Dublin; studied law, and called to the bar, 1865.
Sat for Frontenac in Dominion House, 1870-92; Speaker, 1883-1887;
member of Privy Council, 1891; lieutenant-governor of Ontario,
1892-1897; K. C. M. G., 1897. =Bib.=: Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of
Upper Canada_; Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Kishon= (=the Fish=). =F= Indian name for governors of Massachusetts,
253.
=Knox, Henry= (1750-1806). American general, in Revolutionary War.
=Index=: =Dr= Commissioner on American side for exchange of prisoners,
208. =Bib.=: Drake, _Life and Correspondence of Henry Knox_.
=Knox, Captain.= Served under Wolfe at Quebec. Wrote an account of the
campaigns in North America from 1757 to 1769. =WM= His first impression
of Island of Orleans and surrounding country, 91; his description of
fireships, 99; as to appearance and demeanour of French troops, 163,
164; on Murray's order that civilians should leave the city, 250.
=Bib.=: _An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North America,
1757-60_. _See also_ Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_.
=Knox College.= Presbyterian Theological College, established, 1844.
=Index=: =R= Established by Free Church Presbyterians, a secondary
school at first, 155. =Bib.=: Caven, _Historical Sketch of Knox College_
in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4.
=Knutsford, Henry Thurston Holland, first Viscount= (1825- ).
Represented Midhurst in Parliament, 1874-1885, and Hampstead, 1885-1888;
secretary of state for the colonies, 1887-1892. =Index=: =Md=
Macdonald's letter to, on Confederation, 158.
=Kondiaronk.= =F= Huron chief, wrecks peace negotiations with Iroquois,
222. =L= Treachery of, 216; becomes friend of the French, 235. =Bib.=:
Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Kootenay District.= In British Columbia. =Index=: =D= First explored by
David Thompson, 58.
=Kuprianoff, Ivan Andreevich.= =D= Succeeds Wrangell in Russian America,
1836, 45.
=L'Alouette.= =Ch= One of De Caen's vessels, 156.
=L'Ange, Captain.= =Ch= Meets Champlain on his return from the Upper
Ottawa, 78.
=L'Anticoton.= =Ch= Pamphlet against Jesuits, 153.
=L'Avenir.= Newspaper, of Montreal. =C= Organ of _Club democratique_,
26, 27. =E= Organ of the _Parti Rouge_, 108. =BL= Organ of the Radicals
of Lower Canada,--demands universal suffrage, etc., 343.
=Laas, Captain de.= =WM= In battle of Ste. Foy, 263.
=La Barre, Joseph Antoine Lefebvre de.= Governor of La Guyane in 1665;
and in 1682 arrived in Quebec as governor of Canada. His administration
marked by hopeless incompetence; recalled, 1685. =Index=: =L= Succeeds
Frontenac as governor, 168; a feeble administrator, 185; prejudiced at
first against the bishop, 188; convokes a special assembly, 190; asks
for more troops, 191; his expedition against Iroquois, 193; makes terms
of peace, 193; recalled, 193. =F= Governor, arrival of, 171; summons
conference on Indian question, 172; applies for troops, 172; criticized
in despatches by intendant, 173, 174; takes to illegitimate trading,
175; disparages discoveries of La Salle, 176; seizes Fort Frontenac and
Fort St. Louis, 177, 179; instructed to restore to La Salle all his
property, 180; his unwise instruction to Iroquois, 180; decides to make
war on Senecas, 181; corresponds with Colonel Dongan, governor of New
York, 182; leads expedition, 183; arranges ignominious terms of peace,
186; recalled, 188; unfitness for his position, 189; results of his weak
policy, 198, 209. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _La Salle_.
=Laberge, C. J.= =C= A Liberal leader in Quebec, 25; on Dorion, 28; kept
in opposition by Radical programme, 29.
=Labrador.= The name has been popularly applied to the whole territory
bounded by the Atlantic, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay, which includes
not only the Labrador coast-strip, but also a portion of the North-West
Territories. Also known at one time as New Britain. The name is properly
applied to the strip of coast from Cape Chidley to Blanc Sablon, forming
a dependency of the colony of Newfoundland. On various theories as to
origin of name, _see_ Ganong, _Cartography of Gulf of St. Lawrence_ (R.
S. C., 1889). The boundaries have long been in dispute between
Newfoundland and Canada, and the territory has several times changed
hands. The Labrador coast was first discovered by the Northmen, in the
tenth century. Cabot sailed along the coast in 1498, and Corte-Real in
1500. The interior remained practically unexplored till traversed by
officers of the Hudson's Bay Company about 1840. There are a few posts
of the Hudson's Bay Company on the coast. The southern portion is
inhabited by a primitive race of fishermen; in the north are several
missions of the Moravian Brethren, first established there in 1764.
=Index=: =Dr= Canadians petition for its restoration to Canada. =Bib.=:
Cartwright, _Sixteen Years on the Coast of Labrador_; Hind,
_Explorations in Interior of Labrador_; Packard, _The Labrador Coast_;
Stearns, _Labrador_; Dawson, _Canada and Newfoundland_; Grenfell,
_Labrador_; Hubbard, _A Woman's Way through Unknown Labrador_; Gosling,
_Labrador, Its Discovery and Development_.
=Labreche, L.= =E= Member of the _Parti Rouge_, 108.
=La Caffiniere, De.= =F= Commander of squadron sent against New York,
234.
=La Canardiere.= =F= Former name of Beauport flats, 293. =WM= French
position on Beauport shore, 94, 105, 134.
=Lac aux Claies.= =S= Renamed Lake Simcoe in honour of Governor Simcoe's
father, 207. _See_ Simcoe.
=Lac de Soissons.= =Ch= Name given by Champlain to Lake of Two
Mountains, 75.
=La Chaise, Francois d'Aix= (1624-1709). Born at the castle of Aix in
Forez. Entered Society of Jesus, and provincial of his order when
selected by Louis XIV as his confessor in 1675. Retained that difficult
position up to the time of his death. =Index=: =L= His report on the
liquor question, 174; his letter to Laval, 238.
=La Chesnaye.= _See_ Aubert de la Chesnaye.
=La Chesnaye Settlement.= =F= Iroquois raid on, 226. =L= Ravaged by
Iroquois, 228.
=Lachine.= Said to have been named by La Salle's men, in derision of his
dream of a westward passage to China. The land was granted by the
Sulpicians to La Salle as a seigniory in 1666; and from here he set
forth on his memorable explorations, in 1669. Twenty years later, this
was the scene of a terrible massacre by the Iroquois. In the eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries, Lachine became of importance as the
starting-point of the brigades of the fur traders, bound for the far
West. =Index=: =L= Origin of the name, 148; massacre of, 225. =F=
Description of massacre at, 10, 224, 225. =Bib.=: Parkman, _La Salle_
and _Frontenac_; Girouard, _Lake St. Louis and Cavelier de la Salle_.
=Lachine Canal.= =BL= Construction of, provided for by government in
1841, 98. =Bib.=: Rheaume, _Lachine and Origin of its Canal_ (Women's
Can. Hist. Soc. _Trans._, vol. 2). _See also_ Canals.
=Lachine Railway.= =E= Commenced in 1846, 99.
=La Colonbiere, De.= =L= On zeal and devotion of Laval, 23; preaches
Laval's funeral sermon, 40, 265; his account of Laval, 256, 257.
=Lacombe, Albert= (1827- ). Born at St. Sulpice, Quebec. Ordained
priest, 1849, and immediately left for the western field. Laboured among
the Crees and other western tribes for many years, and devoted much time
to the study of their languages. Vicar-general of the diocese of St.
Albert. =Bib.=: _Dictionnaire et Grammaire de la Langue des Cris_. _See
also_ Pilling, _Bibliography of Algonquian Languages_.
=La Corne de St. Luc, Louis Luc.= Stationed at Fort St. Frederic (Crown
Point), 1741-1747; at La Presentation in 1752; and the following year
sent to take command of the posts west of Lake Superior. In 1758
mentioned at Quebec; and the following year back once more at La
Presentation. In 1761, one of the seven survivors of the wreck of
_L'Auguste_. Remained in Canada after the conquest, and in 1775 raised a
company of Indians to act against the Americans. =Index=: =Dr= Accused
in connection with Walker affair, 36; tried and acquitted, 38; member of
Council appointed under Quebec Act, 91. =WM= Unable to cope with Sir
William Johnson's army, 146. =Hd= Repulsed by Haldimand at Fort Ontario,
26; one of the few saved in wreck of _L'Auguste_, 40. =Bib.=: Parkman,
_Montcalm and Wolfe_ and _Pontiac_.
=La Corne, Pierre.= Accompanied Joncaire on an embassy to the Indians of
Niagara, 1720. Sent to Acadia with De Ramezay, 1747. Took part in the
action at Grand Pre. Returned to Quebec, but again sent to Nova Scotia
to induce the Acadians to remove from the province. After the failure of
the attempt, returned to Quebec, and took an active share in the
military expeditions of the next ten years. Distinguished himself at the
siege of Quebec, 1759, where he had command of a body of local troops.
=Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; _Historical Documents
relating to the Province of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.
=Lacoste, Sir Alexandre= (1842- ). Born at Boucherville, Quebec.
Educated at Laval University; studied law and called to the bar of Lower
Canada, 1863. A member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, 1882; and
in 1884 called to the Senate; appointed Speaker, 1891. Chief-justice of
the Court of Appeal of Quebec, 1891-1907. Sworn of the Privy Council,
and knighted, 1892. Administrator of Quebec, 1898. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.
Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=Lacoste, Louis= (1798-1878). Born at Boucherville, Quebec. Educated at
St. Sulpice College, Montreal, and called to the bar of Lower Canada.
Sat in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, 1834-1838, and in the
Legislative Assembly of Canada, 1843-1861. Elected a member of the
Legislative Council, 1861. Appointed to the Dominion Senate, 1867.
=La Dauversiere, Roger de.= =F= One of the founders of Montreal colony,
32.
=La Durantaye.= _See_ Morel de la Durantaye.
=Lady Maria.= =Dr= British vessel on Lake Champlain, 154.
=La Famine.= =F= La Barre's army encamps at, 184.
=Lafayette, Marie Jean Paul Joseph Roche Yves Gilbert du Motier, Marquis
de= (1757-1834). Sailed for America in 1777, with a number of other
French officers, and appointed by Congress a major-general. Met
Washington at Philadelphia, and a close friendship sprang up between the
two. Wounded at Brandywine. Given command of a division of Washington's
army. In 1778 appointed to the command of an expedition against Canada,
which ended in a fiasco. Served with distinction at Monmouth, and later
in Virginia. Secured from France an auxiliary force of 6000 men to
assist the Americans. After the close of the war, commanded a division
of the French army in the war against Austria, 1792, but removed by the
Jacobins, and fled to Belgium. Captured, and imprisoned by the
Austrians, and not set free until 1797. After Waterloo, sat in the
Chamber of Deputies, 1818-1824; visited the United States in the latter
year; and in 1830 instrumental in placing Louis Philippe on the throne.
=Index=: =Hd= His letter to Canadians, 128; Pillon's treasonable
correspondence with, 278. =Bib.=: _Memoires, etc., de Lafayette_; La
Bedolliere, _Vie Politique du Lafayette_; Cloquet, _Souvenirs de la Vie
Privee du Lafayette_. _See also_ _Cyc. Am. Biog._, with further bibliog.
=Lafitau, Joseph-Francois.= Jesuit missionary in Canada for many years.
Afterwards returned to France, where he became a professor of
belles-lettres. Chiefly remembered because of his invaluable work on the
manners and customs of the Indian tribes of Canada in the early years of
the eighteenth century. =Bib.=: _Moeurs des Sauvages Ameriquains_.
=Laflamme, Rodolphe= (1827-1893). Born in Montreal. Entered public life
as member for Jacques-Cartier in Dominion House, 1872; minister of
inland revenue, 1876; resigned with the government, 1878. =Index=: =E=
Member of _Parti Rouge_, 108. =C= Liberal leader in Quebec, 25, 20;
protests against Dorion entering Cartier's administration, 106-107.
=Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_.
=La Fleche, College of.= =L= Laval studies at, 19, 20.
=La Fleque.= =Ch= One of De Caen's vessels, 156.
=La Fontaine, Sir Louis-Hippolyte, Bart.= (1807-1864). =BL= His name
associated with responsible government, ix; espouses cause of Reformers
in Lower Canada, 46; no sympathy with Rebellion, 47; his birth and
parentage, 47; education--practises law in Montreal--his marriage, 47;
in politics, 47-48; arrested for complicity in Rebellion, but released,
49; on the union, 57; opposes union of the provinces, 61; offered and
refuses solicitor-generalship, 61; meets Hincks, 63; defeated in
Terrebonne, 70; favours ministerial responsibility, 70-71; reconciled to
the union, 71; his refusal to accept office leaves French-Canadians
without representation in executive, 1841, 78, 79; elected for
York,116-117; Bagot's letter to, offering attorney-generalship of Lower
Canada, 123-124; declines appointment, 125; referred to in Draper's
speech, 127; his speech in reply to Draper, 128; takes office, 132;
attorney-general for Lower Canada, 133; re-elected in York, 134;
attitude of Tories, 139; significance of his alliance with Baldwin,
142-143; personal appearance, 147-148; attacked by London _Times_, 150;
relations with Metcalfe, 164-176; Kaye's description of, 169; Hincks'
comments on Kaye, 170; interview with Higginson, 172-173; his published
memorandum, 173-176; his work in the Assembly, 178-179; seconds
resolution to remove capital to Montreal, 182; his act for securing
independence of Legislative Assembly, 184; reorganization of judicial
system of Lower Canada, 184-185; resigns office, 1843, 199; interview
with Metcalfe, 201; draws up official statement of reasons for
resignation of ministers, 201-205; Metcalfe's statement, 205-209;
announces resignation in Assembly, 213; returns to practise law in
Montreal, 217; Wakefield on, 219; his health proposed at Toronto
banquet, 221; Viger's criticism of, 236; Draper on, 236; resigns as
Queen's Counsel, 250; elected in Terrebonne, 251; his proposed
resolution on use of French in the Legislature, 255; Draper's overtures
to, 258-263; his contention for responsible government, 273; seconds
Baldwin's amendment to address on responsible government, 277; his
speech, 277; elected, 1848, for both Montreal and Terrebonne, 279; forms
with Baldwin the second La Fontaine-Baldwin administration, 281, 284;
interview with Elgin, 285-286; re-elected, 286; secures a pardon for
Papineau, 288; attacked by Papineau, 289; his reply, 290-292; his bill
amending judicial system of Lower Canada, and the general law of
amnesty, 302-303; his bill for redistributing seats in the Legislature
is defeated, 303; the Rebellion Losses Bill, 303, 305-334; his political
views, 339, 340; relations with George Brown, 342; opposition of
Papineau and the Radicals, 342, 343; not in favour of secularization of
Clergy Reserves, 348; his views on Seigniorial Tenure, 350-351, 353;
votes against Mackenzie's motion for abolishing the Court of Chancery,
352; his letter to Baldwin, 353; his retirement from public life, 354;
banquet in his honour at Montreal, 1851, 354; his farewell speech,
354-357; his resignation, 357; appointed chief-justice, of Lower Canada,
and created a baronet, 358; his second marriage, 358; his death at
Montreal, Feb. 26, 1864, 358; value of his political work, 239-260. =B=
Brought into Cabinet by Bagot, 16; dispute with Metcalfe, 19; his wise
leadership, 24; introduces resolutions on Rebellion Losses questions,
35; disintegration of old Reform party hastened by his retirement, 262.
=E= Denounces Union Act, 24; accepts the union and turns it to the
advantage of his compatriots, 32; conflict with Metcalfe, 33-34; as
opposition leader, 44-45; returned in 1848, 50; his plans thwarted by
Papineau, 51, 108; forms administration with Baldwin, 52, 53; his
resolution on Rebellion Losses Bill, 67-68; takes part in the debate,
69-70; mob attacks his house and burns his library, 74; second attack by
mob, 76-77; his retirement, 1851, and dissolution of government, 85; his
part in the establishment of the parliamentary system, 90; his attitude
towards Clergy Reserves question, 102, 103, 162-164; his resignation,
104, 107; practises law, 105; becomes chief justice of Court of Appeals
of Lower Canada, 105; receives baronetcy, 105; his rank as statesman and
jurist, 105; his death, 105, 220; his conservative influence, 138; his
views on Seigniorial Tenure question, 185, 187; as a constructive
statesman, 236. =C= Sides against the government, 6; statesmanlike
attitude towards Union of 1841, 16; forms alliance with Baldwin, 16, 97;
forms ministry, 16; resigns, 17; called to power again in 1846, 18;
standing as a statesman, 23; his party splits in two, 25-26; protests
against Union Act of 1840, 96; his fight for ministerial responsibility,
97; long lease of power, 99; wins constitutional battle, 100; his
retirement from politics, 132. =P= Refuses seat in Draper ministry, 72;
joins Papineau's party, 78; supports him in his violent attitude towards
government, 86; at meeting of Constitutional Committee, 88; his
character, 109; ridiculed by the _Mercury_, 123; relations with Papineau
in 1847 and after, 167-180; split in Liberal party causes retirement,
179-180; his farewell speech, 179. =R= Forms opposition party with
Baldwin, Hincks, and others, 122. =Mc= Addresses revolutionary meetings,
328. =Md= Given seat in administration by Bagot, 18; resigns, 1843, 18;
attacked by extreme Reformers, 22; forms administration with Baldwin,
30; elevated to the bench, 46-47. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last
Forty Years_; Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; David,
_Biographie et Portraits_; Hincks, _Reminiscences_.
=La Forest.= =F= Left in charge of Port Nelson, 346.
=La Franchise, Sieur de.= =Ch= Letter from in Champlain's first
narrative, 14.
=La Galissonniere, Rolland-Michel Barren, Comte de.= Came to New France
as administrator of the government until the arrival of the governor,
Marquis de la Jonquiere. Returned to France, 1749; the same year
appointed one of the commissioners on behalf of the French government,
to settle the boundaries of Acadia. Head of the department of nautical
charts at Paris. Commanded the French fleet at Minorca, 1756, and
defeated the British under Admiral Byng. Died in Nemours, France, 1756.
Is said to have furnished money and supplies to the Abbe de la Loutre to
enable him to carry on his work in Acadia. =Index=: =WM= Foresaw danger
from British colonies, 21. =Bib.=: _Memoire sur les Colonies de la
France dans l'Amerique Septentrionale_. For biog., _see_ Parkman,
_Montcalm and Wolfe_; _Selections from the Public Documents of Nova
Scotia_, ed. by Akins; Tyrrell, _Papers_ in _Nova Scotia Documents_.
=La Grange-Trianon, Mlle. de.= =F= Becomes wife of Frontenac, 63.
=Laguide, Madeleine.= =F= Niece of Talon, wife of Francois Perrot, 97.
=La Hontan, Louis Armand de Lom d'Arce, Baron de= (1666-1715). Arrived
in Canada in 1683; spent some time at Quebec, and also travelled
extensively in the West. Embodied the result of his Canadian experiences
in a volume of travels, which, especially his extraordinary story of the
Riviere Longue, has been the subject of much controversy. Visited
Newfoundland in 1692 and 1693; and afterwards travelled in Portugal,
Spain, and Holland. =Index=: =F= On treatment of captured Indians at
Fort Frontenac, 216; on interview between Frontenac and Denonville, 233;
declines to go on embassy to Iroquois, 261; his account of attack on
Quebec by Phipps, 285. =Bib.=: _Nouveaux Voyages dans l'Amerique
Septentrionale_, La Haye, 1703. Published in English, London, 1735. For
other editions, _see_ Thwaites's edition of the _Voyages_, Chicago,
1905. _See also_ Roy, _Le Baron de Lahontan_ (R. S. C., 1894).
=Laird, David= (1833- ). Born at New Glasgow, Prince Edward Island.
Represented Queens County, in House of Commons, 1873-1876; became
became minister of the interior, 1873; and in 1876 appointed
lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories. Succeeded by Edgar
Dewdney in 1881. Appointed Indian commissioner for the western provinces
and territories, 1898. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can. Men_;
_Canadian Who's Who_; Rattray, _The Scot in British North America_.
=Lajoie, Antoine Gerin= (1824-1882). Born in Yamachiche, Quebec.
Educated at Nicolet College, and while there wrote the song _Le Canadien
Errant_. Studied law and called to the bar, 1848. One of the founders of
the _Institut Canadien_, 1849. Took up journalism and was editor of _La
Minerve_, 1845-1852. Appointed a French translator to the Canadian
Assembly, and later made assistant to the librarian of Parliament.
Retired from the public service, 1880. =Bib.=: Works: _Cathechisme
Politique, ou Elements du Droit Public et Constitutionne du Canada_;
_Jean Renard_.
=La Jonquiere, Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel, Marquis de.= Rear-admiral
under d'Anville in the disastrous expedition against Acadia, 1746.
Commanded another expedition with a similar purpose, 1747, which was
defeated by Anson and Warren. Captured and held for a time in England as
prisoner of war. Governor of Canada, 1749-1752. His administration
marked by nothing that would further the welfare of the colony; but
rather by a determined effort to enrich himself at the expense of the
country. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Half-Century of Conflict_ and _Montcalm and
Wolfe_.
=Lake Champlain.= _See_ Champlain, Lake.
=Lake George.= South of Lake Champlain. This beautiful lake was known to
the Indians as Horicon, and to the French as Lac St. Sacrament. The
outlet of the lake, after circling through the forest and passing over a
series of leaps in the falls of Ticonderoga, flows nearly two miles and
enters Lake Champlain just above Fort George. Lying on the recognized
thoroughfare, north and south, this lake has been the scene of many
memorable conflicts, in the Indian and colonial wars. =Index=: =Ch=
Champlain's expedition against Iroquois arrives at, 53. =WM= Battle at,
22; commanded by Fort William Henry, 43. =Bib.=: Reid, _Lake George and
Lake Champlain_; Smith, _Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony_.
=Lake of the Woods.= On the international boundary, west of Lake
Superior. Probably discovered by Jacques De Noyon, about the year 1688.
Fort St. Charles was built by La Verendrye, on the western shore of the
lake, in 1732. His son Jean, with the Jesuit missionary Aulneau, and a
number of voyageurs, were murdered by the Sioux on an island in the
lake, in 1736. In addition to its present name, which is a translation
of the name given it by the French, Lac des Bois, it has also borne
several other names, Lac des Sioux, Lac des Isles, Lake of the
Sandhills, etc.
=Lalemant, Charles.= First superior of Jesuit missions in Canada;
arrived at Quebec from France in 1625, with Enemond Masse and Jean de
Brebeuf. They were the guests of the Recollets for two years, until
their own home on the banks of the St. Charles was built. Lalemant's
_Relation_ of 1625 affords a graphic picture of the life of the little
settlement at Quebec, and the early beginnings of the Jesuit missions.
=Index=: =Ch= Jesuit, director of missions, 152; his letter to
Provincial of Recollets, 154; wrecked off Canseau Island, 200; professor
in College of Rouen, 207; conducts seminary for young Indians, 229;
first parish priest, 238; administers last rites to Champlain, 261, 263.
=Bib.=: Douglas, _Quebec in Seventeenth Century; Relation_, 1625; Le
Clercq, _Etablissement de la Foy_; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_.
=Lalemant, Gabriel= (1610-1649). Jesuit missionary; laboured with
Brebeuf at the mission of St. Ignace, among the Hurons, where he was
killed by the Iroquois in 1649. A Parisian by birth, and his family
belonged to the class of _gens de robe_. =Index=: =L= Sufferings and
death of, 5, 62; mentioned, 16. =Bib.=: Ragueneau, _Relations des
Hurons_, 1649; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_.
=Lalemant, Jerome= (1593-1673). Superior of Jesuit missions in Canada,
1645-1650, and 1659-1665. A missionary to the Hurons until 1645, when
called to Quebec to assume the office of superior. Sailed for France in
1650, and returned in 1659 to resume the office of superior. Appointed
grand vicar, and his name suggested for bishop of Quebec. =Index=: =L=
His opinion of Laval, 35; his exaggerated account of the earthquake,
42-45. =Bib.=: _Journal des Jesuites_; Parkman, _Jesuits in North
America_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.
=La Loutre, Louis Joseph de.= Sent to Canada by the Society of Foreign
Missions at Paris, 1737. Missionary to the Micmac Indians, 1740.
Vicar-general of Acadia under the bishop of Quebec. A determined enemy
of British supremacy in Acadia. After the fall of Fort Beausejour,
escaped and fled to Quebec. The following year embarked for France, but
on the voyage was taken prisoner by a British vessel and kept in
confinement for eight years. Returned to France when peace concluded in
1663. Died in obscurity. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Richard,
_Acadia; Selections from the Public Documents of Nova Scotia_, ed. by
Akins. _See also_ Acadians, Expulsion of the.
=Lambert, Captain.= =Bk= Commander of _Iphigenie_, and subsequently of
_Java_, 123; his death, 123.
=Lamberville, John de= (1633-1714). Jesuit missionary to the Onondagas;
forced to leave his mission in 1687, because of Denonville's expedition
against the Iroquois. Remained at Cataraqui as chaplain for a time, and
at Denonville's request returned to the Onondagas to arrange a treaty
of peace. Succeeded in this mission, and resumed his ministry at
Cataraqui. In 1688 carried to Montreal, suffering from a severe attack
of scurvy. The following year returned to France, as procurator of the
mission. Died in Paris. =Index=: =F= Jesuit father, missionary to the
Iroquois, 144, 188, 208. =L= Describes the death of Garakontie, 73, 74;
his position imperilled, by action of governor and intendant, 215.
=Bib.=: Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_; Parkman,
_Frontenac_ and _Jesuits in North America_.
=Le Milletiere, Dubois de.= =WM= Perishes with his men on fireship, 98.
=La Minerve.= Montreal newspaper, established 1826. =Index=: =P= Morin's
seditious articles in, 101; denounces every one opposed to Papineau,
122-123. =BL= Praises policy of La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 142;
discusses debate in Imperial Parliament on colonial government, 232; La
Fontaine's speech in reply to Papineau, printed in, 292. =C= Praises
Cartier, 88.
=Lamontagne.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144.
=La Montagne.= A settlement near Montreal. =Index=: =L= Settlement of
Christian Indians at, 9, 74.
=Lamotte.= =WM= Chief of the Follis-Avoines, 41.
=La Motte, Pierre de St. Paul, Sieur de.= Came to Canada with the
Carignan Regiment, 1665. Built Fort Ste. Anne, at the northern extremity
of Lake Champlain, 1666. Two years later took the place of Zacharie
Dupuis as commandant at Montreal. Returned to France, 1670. =Index=: =L=
Foundation stone of the parish church of Montreal laid on his behalf by
Philippe de Carion, 88.
=La Motte Cadillac, Antoine de.= Son of Jean de La Motte, Sieur de
Cadillac, de Launay et de Montet. Served for a time in the army, and
about 1683 came to Canada in search of fortune or adventure. Married
Marie-Therese Guyon at Quebec in 1687; stationed for several years at
Port Royal; returned to Quebec, and sent by Frontenac in 1694 to command
the post at Michilimackinac. In 1701 built a post at Detroit, went to
Quebec in 1709, sailed for France, and in 1713 sent out to Louisiana as
governor. =Index=: =F= Post commander at Michilimackinac, 340. =Bib.=:
_Cadillac Papers_ (Michigan Hist. _Papers_, 1903); Sulte, _Les Tonty_
(R. S. C., 1893); Roy, _Le Baron de Lahontan_ (R. S. C., 1894); Verreau,
_Quelques Notes sur Antoine de Lamothe de Cadillac_; Parkman, _Old
Regime_ and _Frontenac_.
=La Mouche.= =L= Nephew of Huron chief, deserts to the Iroquois at Long
Sault, 71.
=Lampman, Archibald= (1861-1899). Educated at Trinity University,
Toronto, graduating in 1882; appointed to a clerkship in the post-office
department at Ottawa the following year, and remained there up to the
time of his death. Put the best of himself into his poems, in which he
interpreted with rare discernment and charm the spirit of the woods and
fields of his native country. =Bib.=: Works: _Among the Millet_; _Lyrics
of Earth; Poems_, ed. by Duncan Campbell Scott, with biog. sketch. For
biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.
=Lancaster, Joseph= (1778-1838). Founded the Lancasterian system of
education. In 1798 began teaching poor children on the Madras system;
and gradually introduced improvements. In 1818 came to America, and at
one time conducted a school in Montreal. Published several books on his
system of education. =Index=: =W= Founder of Madras system of national
schools, 86. _See also_ Madras schools. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Landry, Pierre Armand= (1846- ). Born in Dorchester, New Brunswick.
Educated at St. Joseph's College, Memramcook; studied law and called to
the bar of New Brunswick, 1870. Member of the Assembly, 1878-1883;
elected to the House of Commons, 1883; appointed judge of the County
Court, 1890; puisne judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, 1893.
=Index=: =Md= His motion of regret that sentence of death passed upon
Riel not commuted, 280-281. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.
=Lands, Public.= =Mc= Evils of methods of granting, 74; list of grants
in first thirty-five years, 74. =Bk= Grants made near Niagara to
previously disloyal persons, 64. =W= Dissatisfaction over management of,
in New Brunswick, and movement to bring under provincial control, 18-30,
38, 48. =T= Improper sales of, 51-52. =S= Land boards attempt to check
speculation, 102; discontinued, 104; grants of, dealt with by Executive
Council after discontinuance of boards, 101-103, 104; grants of, made to
officers of the government, 215.
=Langelier, Francois Charles Stanislas= (1838- ). Born at Ste. Rosalie,
Quebec. Educated at Laval University; studied law and called to the bar,
1861. Joined the staff of Laval, and became dean of the law faculty, and
member of the council. Entered public life in 1871; returned for
Montmagny, 1873, and for Portneuf, 1878, in Legislature; sat for
Megantic, 1884; and for Quebec Centre, 1887, in Dominion House. Held the
offices of commissioner of crown lands, and provincial treasurer, in the
Quebec government, 1878-1879. =Index=: =C= One of the founders of _Le
Parti National_ and its organ _Le National_, 30. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can.
Men_.
=Langevin, Sir Hector Louis= (1826-1906). Born at Quebec. Entered
Parliament in 1867, as member for Dorchester; subsequently represented,
successively, Charlevoix, and Three Rivers. Appointed secretary of
state, 1867; minister of public works, 1869; postmaster-general, 1878;
and again minister of public works, 1879; resigned 1891. =Index=: =Md=
Secretary of state in first Dominion Cabinet, 134; his organizing
ability and great local influence, 140; announces death of Sir John A.
Macdonald, 325-326. =T= Delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 74-75; to
Quebec Conference, 76; member of first Dominion ministry, 129. =Bib.=:
Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Rose,
_Cyc. Can. Biog._
=Langhorn, John.= =S= Second Church of England clergyman to arrive in
Upper Canada, 158.
=Langlade.= _See_ Mouet de Moras de Langlade.
=Langlois, Francoise.= =Ch= Wife of Pierre Desportes, 146.
=Langlois, Marguerite.= =Ch= Wife of Abraham Martin, 146.
=Langlois, Noel.= =Ch= Settler from Normandy, 252.
=Langoissieux, Pierre.= =Ch= Recollet, assumes monastic habit, 149;
returns to France, 209.
=Languedoc.= =WM= Battalion of regular troops, 29, 105, 118, 192.
=La Nouee.= _See_ Robutel.
=Lanjuere, de.= =L= _Life of Olier_ by, 135.
=Lansdowne, Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, fifth Marquis of.=
Born in 1845. Educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; succeeded to
marquisate, 1866. After holding minor offices in the government, became
under-secretary for war in 1872, and in 1880 under-secretary for India.
In 1883 appointed governor-general of Canada; and at the end of his
term, 1888, went to India as viceroy. On his return, became secretary
for war in 1895, and in 1900 foreign secretary. Since the death of the
Duke of Devonshire, has been the leader of the Conservatives in the
House of Lords. =Bib.=: _Who's Who_.
=Lapause, De.= =WM= Sent to erect defences at fords of Montmorency, 112;
accompanies Levis to the West, 147; in battle of Ste. Foy, 257, 261.
=La Peltrie, Marie Madeleine de= (_nee_ =de Chauvigny=). Daughter of the
Seigneur de Vaubougon, in Normandy; married early in life, and while
still young was left a widow with a large fortune. Filled with religious
zeal, devoted herself and her fortune to the founding of the Ursuline
convent in Canada. In 1639 sailed for Quebec, and with her companions
began there the important work of ministering to the sick and educating
Indian girls. With tireless energy, carried on the work for thirty-two
years, dying in November, 1671, a few months before her lifelong friend
and co-worker, Marie de l'Incarnation (_q.v._). =Index=: =F= Arrival of,
at Quebec, 28; accompanies Maisonneuve to Montreal, 33. =L= Her piety,
92; Ursuline convent established by, 125; death of, 153; appearance and
character, 153, 154. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Old France in the New World_;
Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_ and _Old Regime_.
=La Perouse, Jean Francois de Galaup, Comte de= (1741-1788). French
admiral. =D= Explores North-West Coast in 1788, 25. =Bib.=: _Voyage
autour du Monde_; Marcel, _Vie de La Perouse_.
=La Perriere.= =WM= Commanded to evacuate Johnstone's redoubt, 140.
=La Place, Jacques de.= =Ch= Jesuit missionary at Miscou, 234.
=La Potherie.= _See_ Bacqueville.
=Laprairie.= On south shore of St. Lawrence, above Montreal. =Index=:
=F= Attack on, by war party under John Schuyler, 281; serious encounter
at, between Canadian forces and party under Peter Schuyler, 312.
=La Rabeyre, De.= =L= French officer, put to death by Iroquois, 227.
=La Ralde, Raymond de.= =Ch= Accompanies De Caen to Quebec, 138; returns
to France, 141; appointed admiral of Company's fleet, 154.
=La Riborde, Gabriel de.= Recollet missionary; arrived from France in
1670, and sent to Cataraqui as chaplain to the garrison. Was in the West
with La Salle and Hennepin, in 1679-1680. =Index=: =L= With Tonti and
Membre at Fort Crevecoeur, 149; murdered by the Illinois, 150. =Bib.=:
Parkman, _La Salle_.
=La Rochebeaucour, De.= =WM= Second aide-de-camp to Montcalm, 2; forms
cavalry corps, 87; commands Bougainville's cavalry, 222; brings
provisions into Quebec, 232.
=La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Francois Alexandre Frederic, Duc de=
(1747-1827). Chiefly remembered because of his valuable and entertaining
_Travels_, "full of keen, fair-minded observation regarding every
variety of detail of life in America as this exiled French nobleman
found it, told in a readable style, not without an occasional touch of
humour." Exiled from France in 1768; returned, for several years, and
went into retirement until after Waterloo. Made a peer of France at the
Restoration. =Index=: =Dr= Not allowed to visit Lower Canada, 290. =S=
Visitor to Upper Canada, 56; his observations, 71, 73, 74; describes
opening of Legislature, 92, 93; high opinion of Simcoe's secretary, 178;
describes Colonel Smith's house, 179; on scarcity of servants, 182;
entertained by Simcoe at Navy Hall, 187, 230; on Simcoe's household,
187; Simcoe objects to some of his remarks, 188; on Simcoe's military
talent, 225. =Bib.=: Works: _Voyage dans les Etats-Unis d'Amerique fait
en 1795-97_; _Etat des Pauvres en Angleterre_; _Le Bonheur du Peuple_.
=La Rochelle.= French seaport, on the Atlantic, long a stronghold of the
Huguenots. =Index=: =Ch= Merchants of, contraband traders, 140.
=La Rouette.= =Ch= Pilot, accompanies Champlain in his expedition
against the Iroquois, 52.
=La Salle, Jean Baptiste de= (1651-1719). Abbe; canon of Rheims.
=Index=: =L= Founder (1684) of the order of Christian Brothers, 125.
=La Salle, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de= (1643-1687). Sailed for
Canada in the spring of 1666; granted by the Sulpicians the seigniory of
Lachine, from which, in 1669, he set out with Dollier de Casson and
Galinee upon the first of those explorations towards the west and south
for which he was to become famous. Meeting Jolliet at the western end of
Lake Ontario, Dollier de Casson and Galinee decided to make their way to
the upper lakes, while La Salle turned south and explored the Ohio. His
later explorations have been the subject of long controversy--the point
in dispute being whether he explored the Mississippi before or after
Marquette and Jolliet. In any event, he first descended the river to its
mouth, 1681-1682. Upon his return, sailed for France, and in 1684 set
out with four ships to establish a colony at the mouth of the
Mississippi. This unfortunate expedition culminated in the murder of La
Salle by his own men. =Index=: =F= Sent to invite Indians to conference,
79; first commandant of Fort Frontenac (Cataraqui), 86; reports Perrot's
defiant proceedings to Frontenac, 92; his views on sale of liquor to
Indians, 123; obtains grant of Fort Frontenac from the king, 156;
obtains exclusive right of trading in Mississippi region, 158;
difficulties encountered by, 159, 161; relations with Frontenac, 162;
discoveries disparaged by La Barre and also by the king, 176; financial
affairs, 178; his forts and other property seized by La Barre, restored
to him, 179; king takes him under his special protection, 180. =L= Sells
liquor to Indians, 116; obtains letters of nobility, and concession at
Fort Frontenac (Cataraqui), 145; birth and character, 147; explorations,
148-153; goes to France, 151; misfortunes and death of, 152; reports
sermon of Abbe Fenelon, 160. =WM= Discovers mouth of Mississippi, 19.
=Bib.=: _Memoir_, in French, _Hist. Coll._ of _Louisiana_, 2d Ser., vol.
2; letters and other documents, in Margry, _Decouvertes_; Shea, _Voyages
up and down Mississippi_; Parkman, _La Salle_; Winsor, _Nar. and Crit.
Hist._; Falconer, _Discovery of Mississippi_; Griffin, _Discovery of
Mississippi_; Sparks, _La Salle_ in _Lib. of Am. Biog._; Gravier,
_Decouvertes_; Harrisse, _Notes pour Servir_; Joutel, _Journal
Historique_; Chesnel, _Histoire de Cavelier de la Salle_; Guenin,
_Cavelier de la Salle_; Sulte, _La Morte de la Salle_; Girouard, _Lake
St. Louis and Cavelier de la Salle_.
=La Sarre Regiment.= =WM= One battalion of, sent to Canada, 12, 29; in
battle of the Plains, 192; in battle of Ste. Foy, 259, 261.
=Lascelles' Regiment.= =WM= In centre under Murray, 189; in battle of
Ste. Foy, 259.
=La Taille.= =Ch= Accompanies Champlain to Quebec, 41.
=La Terriere, Pierre de Sales.= Came to Canada from France, 1766;
appointed agent at Quebec for the St. Maurice forges, 1771; his place of
business in front of the lower town market, facing the church of Notre
Dame; in 1775 appointed inspector of works, and removed to the forges,
on the banks of the St. Maurice, a few miles above Three Rivers. Left an
interesting account of the works, in his _Memoires de Laterriere_.
Implicated in the American invasion of 1776, and arrested. =Index=: =Hd=
Inspector of St. Maurice forges, 48; arrest of, 277; dislike of
Haldimand, 277; suspected of supplying Americans with petards and
cannon-balls from St. Maurice forges, 277-278; his defence of Du Calvet,
284-287; his description of Haldimand, 293. =Bib.=: Christie, _History
of Lower Canada_.
=La Terriere de Sales.= Represented Saguenay in Assembly, 1844-1854;
appointed to Legislative Council, 1856. =Index=: =E= Votes against
secularization of Clergy Reserves, 164.
=La Tesserie, De.= =L= Member of the Sovereign Council, 158.
=Latour, Abbe Bertrand de.= =L= On the humility of Laval, 33; on the
evils flowing from the sale of liquor to the Indians, 36; on mental
characteristics of Canadian children, 100; on the virtues of Laval, 187.
=Bib.=: _Memoire sur la Vie de Laval_.
=La Tour, Charles Amador de.= Son of Claude de la Tour. Came to Acadia
in 1610 with his father. Driven out of Port Royal by the English; built
a post near Cape Sable, on what is now known as Port Latour. In 1632,
when Acadia was restored to France, Razilly came out with Charnisay to
strengthen the colony. Razilly died in 1636, and a bitter conflict
followed between Charnisay and La Tour, both of whom claimed to
represent the king in Acadia. Charnisay had rebuilt Port Royal, and La
Tour occupied a fort at the mouth of the St. John. The outcome of the
quarrel was an order for the arrest of La Tour. Charnisay attacked La
Tour's fort, but was driven off. When he blockaded the harbour, La Tour
escaped to Boston, returned with English ships, and drove Charnisay to
the shelter of Port Royal. The latter's opportunity came, however,
later. He attacked the fort during La Tour's absence. La Tour's wife
made a gallant defence, and Charnisay succeeded in the end only by
resorting to treachery. He carried Madame La Tour to Port Royal, where
she died in 1645. Some years later, after the death of Charnisay, La
Tour brought this curious drama to a conclusion by marrying the widow of
his rival. He had already obtained restitution from the king, who made
him governor of Acadia; and some years later showed his powers of
persuasion by obtaining a generous grant of land from Cromwell, who had,
in 1654, taken possession of the colony. Died about 1666. =Bib.=:
Parkman, _Old Regime_; Hannay, _History of Acadia_; Kirke, _The First
English Conquest of Canada_.
=La Tour, Claude de.= A Huguenot gentleman; came to Port Royal in 1610
with Poutrincourt; in 1614 had a trading-post on the Penobscot. Sailed
for France in 1627, and on his return the following year, with supplies
for the defence of Acadia, captured by Kirke and carried to England.
There married one of the queen's French maids of honour, and was
persuaded to throw in his lot with the English. Promised to win over his
son Charles (_q.v._), but the latter scornfully refused to change his
allegiance. Afterwards built a fort at the mouth of the St. John, for
the French, to whom he had once more transferred his services. =Index=:
=Ch= Captured by Kirke, 177. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_; Hannay,
_History of Acadia_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.
=Lattaignant, Gabriel de.= =Ch= Assists in forming Company of New
France, 168; made a director, 170.
=L'Auberiviere, Francois Louis de Pourroy de.= Roman Catholic bishop of
Quebec, 1739-1740, succeeding Dosquet. Died at Quebec, 1740. =Index=:
=L= bishop of Quebec, 12.
=Laurier, Sir Wilfrid= (1841- ). Born at St. Lin, Quebec. Studied law at
McGill University, and called to the bar, 1864. Entered public life in
1871 as member for Drummond and Arthabaska in the Quebec Assembly; three
years later returned to the House of Commons for the same constituency.
Entered the Mackenzie Cabinet, 1877, as minister of inland revenue. In
1887 leader of the opposition; and in 1896, upon the defeat of the
Tupper government, called upon to form an administration, himself taking
the office of president of the Council. Received the honour of G. C. M.
G. in 1897, and the same year called to the Imperial Privy Council.
=Index=: =Mc= Justifies Upper Canada Rebellion, 30, 31. =Md= His
administration repeals Franchise Act of 1885, 260; succeeds Blake as
leader of Liberal party, 1887, 261, 263; lukewarm towards policy of
commercial union, 296; his reply to Macdonald's appeal to the
electorate, 1891, 311; finally disposes of unrestricted reciprocity,
317; his speech in Parliament on death of Macdonald, 326-329. =C= On the
Quebec radicals, 27-28; one of the founders of _Le Parti National_ and
its organ _Le National_, 30; on Cartier, 116-117. =Bib.=: _Discours sur
le liberalisme politique_; Barthe, _Discours de Laurier, depuis 1871 a
1890_. For biog., _see_ Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal
Party_; Frechette, _Wilfrid Laurier_; Moreau, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier_;
David, _Laurier et son Temps_; Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._
[Illustration: Sir Wilfrid Laurier]
=Lausaunne.= =Hd= The resort of savants, 3.
=Lauzon, Jean de.= Born, 1582. Governor of New France, 1651-1656; had
already been associated with the interests of the colony by reason of
his position as president of the Company of New France, and had used his
office to acquire the island of Montreal and Point Levis opposite
Quebec. His administration as governor made odious not only by a long
series of public mistakes, but by his too obvious intention of using the
office to enrich himself and his sons. Returned to France in 1656; and
mentioned in contemporary narratives as late as 1660. =Index=: =Ch=
Intendant of Company of New France, 170; objects to return of Recollets,
225. =F= Governor, 38; returns to France, 42. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Old
France in the New World_; Parkman, _Old Regime_.
=Lauzon-Charny, Charles de.= Son of Jean de Lauzon, and administrator of
New France after the departure of his father in 1656. During his
father's governorship, had been invested with the high-sounding but
empty title of _Grand Maitre des Eaux et Forets de la Nouvelle France_.
Returned to France in 1656; entered the church; and returned in 1659
with Laval, who made him a member of the Ecclesiastical Council.
=Index=: =L= Director of Seminary, 55; grand vicar, accompanies Laval to
France, 134. =Bib.=: Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.
=Laval, Anne Charlotte.= =L= Only sister of Bishop Laval, 19.
=Laval, Charles Francois Guy= (=Fanchon=). =L= Nephew of Laval, educated
by him at Quebec, 140.
=Laval-Montmorency, Francois de= (1623-1708). =L= Appointed apostolic
vicar with title of bishop of Petraea _in partibus_, 7; opposes liquor
traffic, 10; founds Seminary at Quebec, 10; created bishop of Quebec,
12; not fully appreciated in his lifetime, 15; his noble birth, 17; his
devotion to St. Francois Xavier and St. Francois d'Assisi, 18; a scholar
at College of La Fleche, 19; inherits patrimony of Montigny, and called
for a time Abbe de Montigny, 19; yields patrimony to his younger
brother, Jean-Louis, 19, 21; admitted to congregation of the Holy
Virgin, 20; receives tonsure at nine years of age and made canon of
Evreux at fifteen, 20; leaves La Fleche at nineteen and goes to the
College of Clermont at Paris, 21; death of his two elder brothers, 21;
his mother desires him to marry, 21; appointed archdeacon of cathedral
of Evreux, 22; his zealous performance of his duties, 23; goes to Rome
in expectation of an appointment as one of three bishops for Asia, 23;
resigns his archdeaconry, 23; becomes inmate of Hermitage of de
Bernieres at Caen, 24, 25; recommended by Jesuits as vicar apostolic for
Canada, 26; consecrated as such by papal nuncio, 26; arrives at Quebec,
June 16, 1659, 26; his authority questioned, 27; demands written
recognition of his authority, 28; suspends the Abbe de Queylus, 28;
manner and personal appearance, 28, 29; attention to the sick, 33; his
different places of residence in Quebec, 33; friction with Governor
D'Argenson, 34; his efforts to prevent sale of brandy to the Indians,
36-39; sails for France, obtains recall of D'Avaugour, and military
reinforcements for colony, 39; his influence in the creation of the
Sovereign Council, 40; returns to Canada, 41; founds Seminary, 47, 48;
his regulations therefor approved by the king, 50; obtains authority to
collect tithes, 50; receives flattering letters from the king and
Colbert, with gift of money, 52; resides at Seminary, 55; opposed to
permanent livings for clergy, 55; his personal income transferred to the
Seminary, 56; imposes on himself many privations, 56; affiliates
Seminary with Foreign Missions of Paris, 57; acquires seigniory of
Beaupre and exchanges it for Ile Jesus, 58; baptizes Iroquois chief, 65;
visits various settlements of Christian Indians, 74; bears testimony to
the high character of De Tracy, 81; describes church at Quebec in letter
to Pope, 84; approves of works of piety instituted by Jesuits, 86;
encourages devotion to the Holy Family, 86; his visits to Montreal, 87;
his wise views, 98; watches over instruction of youth, 99; establishes
boarding school at St. Joachim, 100; encourages Brotherhood of Ste.
Anne, 101; builds first sanctuary of Ste. Anne at Beaupre, 101; makes
pilgrimage to Beaupre, 101; his instructions to missionaries, 105-107;
receives Recollets with benevolence, 111; his zeal for primary
education, 124; appointed bishop, 129, 136; his letter to the
Propaganda, 131; has manager appointed for his abbey of Lestrees, 138;
rents it to Berthelot, 138; exchanges Island of Orleans for Ile Jesus,
138; visits his family in France, 139; family troubles, 139; renews
connection of Seminary with Foreign Missions of Paris, 140; returns to
Canada, 141, 169; sails for France in connection with liquor traffic
question, 173; erects parish of Notre Dame de Montreal, 175; joins it to
Seminary of St. Sulpice, 175; his interest in chapel of Bonsecours, 178;
bows to king's decision on tithes question, 181; returns to Canada, 184;
resists attempt to connect his diocese with archbishopric of Paris, 184;
bestows all his property on the Seminary of Quebec, 185; letter to the
king, 187; visits parishes and missions, 189, 190; illness, 190; letter
to king as to need for reinforcements, 192; establishes chapter of
diocese, 197; sails for France, 198; resigns as bishop in favour of
Saint-Vallier, 200; returns to Canada, 202, 220; physical suffering,
205; letter to Saint-Vallier, 206; disagreement with Saint-Vallier on
the subject of the Seminary, 208; his return to Canada delayed, 211;
returns, 219, 220; receives his successor, 221; his conduct during siege
of Quebec, 231; his grief over the policy adopted in regard to the
Seminary, 235; his escape from burning building, 240; his labours in
extreme age, 244; his admiration of the Charron brothers, 247; his
habits and practices described by Brother Houssart, 251-256; by De la
Colombiere, 256, 257; his death, 263; miraculous cures attributed to,
264; burial in cathedral and subsequent transfer of remains to Seminary,
265, 266. =F= Arrival of, as vicar apostolic and bishop of Petraea _in
partibus_, 43; sends De Queylus back to France, 43; disagrees with
Governor D'Argenson, 45; also with D'Avaugour, 46; sails for France,
1662, 46; procures recall of D'Avaugour and appointment of Mezy, 48;
returns to Quebec, September, 1663, 48; establishes Quebec Seminary, 48;
and Lesser Seminary, 49; quarrels with Mezy, 50; sails for France to
settle question of bishopric, May, 1672, 70; made bishop of Quebec, and
returns to Canada, 1675, 71; establishes Ecclesiastical Court, 111;
curtails honours paid to governor in church, 112; king's instructions on
the subject, 113; Frontenac's estimate of bishop's revenue, 114; objects
to trading permits issued by governor, as involving selling of liquor to
Indians, 116; gains the king over to his views, 116; sends grand-vicar
to France to uphold his policy, 118; goes to France to press his views,
1678, 125; effect of his elevation to rank of bishop, 164; not
favourable to permanent curacies, 165, 190; rejects offer of Recollets
to serve the parishes without any fixed provision for their support,
165; determines to resign, 190; goes to France, 1684, 191; chooses
Saint-Vallier as his successor, 191; describes Canada as "the country of
miracles," 301. =Bib.=: Tetu, _Esquisse Biographique de Laval_;
_Esquisse de la Vie, etc., de Laval_; Parkman, _Old Regime_; Gosselin,
_Francois de Montmorency-Laval_; Colby, _Canadian Types of the Old
Regime_; _Le Venerable Francois de Montmorency-Laval_; Douglas, _Old
France in the New World_; Dent, _Can. Por._
=Laval, Guy de.= =L= Ancestor of Bishop Laval, 17.
=Laval, Henri de.= =L= His letter to his brother the bishop, 139; second
letter, 141.
=Laval, Hugues de.= =L= Father of Bishop Laval, 17.
=Laval, Jean-Louis.= =L= Brother of Bishop Laval, 19; bad conduct of,
139.
=Laval University.= Founded, 1668, as the Quebec Seminary, and granted a
royal charter in 1852, at the instance of Lord Elgin, then
governor-general. =Index=: =L= Its origin traced to Quebec Seminary, 99.
_See also_ Quebec Seminary. =Bib.=: Hamel, _Sketch of Laval University_
in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4; Roy, _L'Universite Laval et les Fetes du
Cinquantenaire_.
=Lavalette.= =Ch= A Basque, fishes on Acadian coast as early as 1565,
59.
=La Vallee, de.= =Ch= Godfather of young Hurons, 233.
=La Valtrie, Seraphin Marganne, Sieur de= (1643-1693). A native of St.
Benoit de Paris. Obtained a lieutenancy in the Lignieres Regiment; took
service under De Tracy, 1664, and came to Canada the following year.
Granted the seigniory of Lavaltrie in 1672; sent to the western posts as
commandant, and replaced by La Durantaye, 1683; accompanied Denonville
on his expedition against the Iroquois, 1687. Killed, 1693. =Index=: =F=
Seignior, commands militia; in 1687 in attack on Iroquois, 209; killed
by Iroquois in 1693, 323. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Laverdiere, Charles Honore= (1826-1873). Educated at Laval University.
Studied for the church and ordained priest. Joined the faculty of Laval,
and became university librarian. =Ch= On question of Champlain's tomb,
261-262. =Bib.=: Edited the _Works_ and _Voyages_ of Champlain; and
completed Ferland's _Cours d'Histoire du Canada_; author of _Histoire du
Canada_; _Samuel de Champlain_; edited, with Abbe Casgrain, the _Journal
des Jesuites_, 1645-1668.
=La Verendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de= (1685-1749). Son
of Rene Gaultier, Sieur de Varennes, governor of Three Rivers. Served in
the New England campaign of 1704, and the following year in
Newfoundland. In 1707 with the army in Flanders, and wounded at
Malplaquet in 1709. Returning to Canada, engaged in the fur trade, for
some years on the St. Maurice, and 1727-1728 on Lake Nipigon. There
conceived the idea of exploring the unknown country beyond Lake
Superior, to discover the Western Sea, a project to which he devoted the
remainder of his life. Left Montreal for the West in 1731; built forts
on Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods, and in the succeeding years
penetrated to Lake Winnipeg, Red River, and the Assiniboine. In 1738
made a journey to the Mandan villages on the Missouri; and the following
year one of his sons penetrated to the Saskatchewan. In 1742, unable to
go himself, sent two of his sons far to the south-west. They hoped, as
he had always hoped, to reach at last the Western Sea, but were baffled
by hostile tribes and the barrier of the Rocky Mountains. In 1743
returned finally to Montreal, broken in health and heavily in debt. Six
years later died there. His sons begged to be allowed to continue his
western explorations, but hostile influences made this impossible. =WM=
Discoverer of the Rocky Mountains, 19. =L= Carries explorations as far
as the Rocky Mountains, 11. =MS= Leads the way inland from Lake
Superior, 3; his search for Western Sea, 40; his reply to charge of
making money in fur trade, 281. =Bib.=: Prud'homme, _Pierre Gaultier de
Varennes, Sieur de La Verendrye_ (R. S. C., 1905); Laut, _Pathfinders of
the West_; Parkman, _Half Century of Conflict_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay
Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_. _See also_ his journals
in _Canadian Archives Report_, 1889; Richard's _Summary_ (Can. Arch.,
1904); and Margry, _Decouvertes et Etablissements des Francais_. His
_Journals_ are now being edited for the Champlain Society, Toronto.
=La Vigne, Captain de.= =Ch= Sails for France with Champlain, 141.
=Laviolette.= =Hd= Three Rivers founded by, in 1634, 43-44.
=Law.= =Dr= Confusion and abuse in administration of, 51-55.
=Law, Captain John.= =S= First sergeant at arms of the Upper Canada
Assembly, 85; a retired officer of the Queen's Rangers, 85.
=Law, John.= =R= Headmaster of Gore district Grammar School, Upper
Canada, 4; Egerton Ryerson studies under, 5.
=Lawrence, Charles.= Entered the army as ensign, 1727; captain, 1742;
and major, 1747. Accompanied Warburton's Infantry to Nova Scotia, and
engaged in the French wars at Cobequid, 1749-1750; brigadier-general
under Amherst at the siege of Louisbourg, 1758. Nine years earlier had
been appointed a member of the Council of Nova Scotia; administered
the government on the retirement of Governor Hopson, 1753;
lieutenant-governor, 1754; and governor, 1756. The first Assembly met
under his governorship, 1758. Responsible for the expulsion of the
Acadians. Died at Halifax, Oct. 19, 1760. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._;
Akins, _History of Halifax_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Hannay,
_History of Acadia_; Richard, _Acadia_. _See also_ Acadians, Expulsion
of the.
=Lawrence, Joseph W.= =T= Supports Tilley in 1850, 10.
=Laws, Captain.= =Dr= Sent with seventy men to attack Arnold in rear,
129; completes discomfiture of enemy, 131. =Hd= Effects arrest of Du
Calvet, 285.
=Le Baillif.= =Ch= Under clerk at Tadoussac, 133; placed in charge of
storehouse by Kirke, 195; a bad character, 202-204.
=Le Baillif, George.= =Ch= Recollet missionary, 87; goes to France, as
delegate from colony, 136.
=Lebel, J. G.= =E= Commissioner under Seigniorial Tenure law, 187.
=Le Ber, Jeanne=, daughter of Jacques Le Ber, of Montreal. =Index=: =L=
Birth, baptism, and virtues of, 91; mortifications practised by, 92.
=Le Ber, Pierre.= =L= House of charity established by, 245.
=Le Ber de Senneville, Jacques= (1633-1706). One of the principal
merchants of Montreal; married in 1658 Jeanne, sister of Charles Le
Moyne. In 1673 engaged with Aubert de la Chesnaye in the fur trade at
Cataraqui, and aroused the hostility of Governor Perrot of Montreal, who
was also interested in the fur trade. In 1675 sold out his rights at
Cataraqui to La Salle; and four years later acquired the seigniory of
Senneville. Mentioned in 1691 as in a fur-trading partnership with
Frontenac. =Index=: =F= Imprisoned by Perrot, 92; La Barre's dealings
with, 175. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Le Borgne de Belle Isle, Emmanuel.= =Ch= Takes Fort St. Pierre, 236.
=Le Brun de Duplessis, Jean-Baptiste.= Born at Corbie, in Picardy, about
1730. Came to Canada about 1755 and joined the Bearn Regiment; practised
as a notary in Quebec for many years. Died there some time after 1796.
_See_ R. S. C., _Trans._, 1900, I, 129-130. =Index=: =Dr= Carleton's
account of, 68.
=Le Canadien.= Newspaper, published at Quebec. =Index=: =BL= On the
political situation in 1842, 116. =C= First French newspaper in Quebec,
95; suppressed by Governor Craig, 95. =P= Established in 1806 by Bedard,
Panet, and other French-Canadian leaders, 28; suppressed by Sir James
Craig, 29.
=Le Caron, Joseph.= =Ch= Recollet missionary, 85; goes to country of the
Hurons, 88; with Champlain visits the Tionnontates or Petuneux, 106;
meets Father d'Olbeau at Three Rivers, 107; sails for France, 111;
becomes commissary of the Recollets, in Canada, 112; performs first
marriage ceremony in Canada, 113; proceeds to Huron country, 149;
returns to France, 208; death of, 226. =L= Missionary labours of, 3.
=Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.
=Le Chausseur.= =F= Secretary to Frontenac, 139.
=Le Clercq, Chrestien.= Recollet missionary in Canada, and historian of
his order. =Index=: =F= On great need for Recollet order in Canada, 72;
on Schenectady massacre, 247; on "flag" incident in siege of Quebec,
296. =Ch= Quoted, 112, 114; praises virtue of early Canadian settlers,
258. =Bib.=: _Etablissement de la Foy dans la Nouvelle France_, trans.
by Shea, under the title _First Establishment of the Faith_; _Nouvelle
Relation de la Gaspesie_, trans. for the Champlain Society by Ganong,
under the title _New Relation of Gaspesia_. Both these translations give
in the introductions biographical details of the author as far as known.
=Lecompte-Dupre, J. B.= =Dr= Colonel of Quebec militia, 246.
=Le Diable.= =WM= Name given to floating battery, 87, 104.
=Le Du.= =S= French priest, deported, 190.
=Lee.= =W= Receiver-general, New Brunswick, 69.
=Le Faucheur.= =Ch= One of the men landed by Kirke on St. Pierre Island,
174.
=Le Foulon.= Now known as Wolfe's Cove. =Index=: =WM= Guard of 100 men
at, 160; Wolfe carefully examines from the river, 168; learns that it is
poorly guarded, 171; effects landing at, 181.
=Le Gardeur de Repentigny, Jean Baptiste= (1632-1709). Son of Pierre Le
Gardeur (_q.v._). His father brought him to Canada at the age of four
years. Resided in Montreal, 1642-1643; and in 1656 married Marguerite,
daughter of Jean Nicolet, the explorer. In 1663 elected mayor of Quebec,
but promptly resigned under official pressure, the policy of the
government being opposed to anything approaching popular government.
Raised a company of volunteers at Quebec in 1665, and accompanied the
regulars to Three Rivers, which they were just in time to save from an
Iroquois attack. In 1687 accompanied Denonville on his expedition
against the Iroquois. =Index=: =F= Goes to France on behalf of Montreal
colonists, 36. =Ch= Acts as godfather to young Hurons, 233. =Bib.=:
Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Le Gardeur de Repentigny, Pierre.= Arrived at Quebec from Normandy with
his wife and family, 1636. Obtained a grant of land from the Company of
New France, and engaged in the fur trade. In 1644 went to France to
secure concessions for the Company of Habitants, which he had been
instrumental in organizing. In 1647 granted the seigniories of Cournoyer
and Repentigny, but did not live long to enjoy them, as he died the
following year on his way to France. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Le Gardeur de Tilly, Charles= (1611-1695). Brother of Pierre Le Gardeur
de Repentigny; a native of Normandy; came to Canada in 1636; and in 1648
made governor of Three Rivers. Married the same year Genevieve
Juchereau. In 1660 granted the fief of St. Michel by the Company of New
France; and transferred it to the Seminary in 1668. In 1673 acted for
the governor, Frontenac, during his absence at Cataraqui, but
afterwards fell into his bad graces. =Index=: =L= Member of Sovereign
Council, 158, 166; temporarily banished from Quebec, 167. =F= Member of
Sovereign Council, 106. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Legendre, Lucas.= =Ch= Purchases supplies for De Monts's second
expedition to Quebec, 56.
=Legislative Assembly.= =Mc= Composition of, under Constitutional Act,
53; Goldwin Smith on, 54; irritation between, and Executive Council, 54,
55; Lord Durham on, 56, 58, 59, 60; true principle of government, 61,
63. =S= First of Upper Canada, list of members and their counties, 80;
opening of, at Niagara, 82.
=Legislative Council.= =Mc= Created by Constitutional Act, 52; Lord
Durham criticizes and suggests revision, 57; attitude of Lower Canada
Reformers to, 69; rejects three hundred and twenty-five bills in eight
years, 73; Sir John Colborne on, 268; collision with Assembly, 276;
should be elective, 277; Glenelg insists that it shall be non-elective,
324. =Sy= Its constitution, 77, 175; its activity under Constitutional
Act, 80; in Lower Canada English-speaking element dominant in, 81;
demand that it should be made elective, 84; Sydenham's description of,
220; enlarged by Sir George Arthur with good results, 220; members
opposed to union record their dissent, 231; =S= Suspicious of later
Loyalist emigration, 57. =Dr= Appointed under Quebec Act, first meeting
of, 90; how composed, 269; its power of veto, 277; its sympathies with
governor and against people, 277. =Hd= Its welcome to Haldimand,
117-118; composition of, 175; statement made regarding power of, 188;
sees Haldimand depart, 309; changes in membership of, at change of
governor, 314.
=Legislative Union.= =Md= Strongly favoured by Macdonald; opposed by
Maritime Provinces and Lower Canada, 107-109, 245.
=L'Huillier, Raoul.= =Ch= Director of Company of New France, 170.
=Leisler, Jacob.= =F= Seizes government of New York, 266.
=Le Jeune, Paul.= Superior of Jesuits in Canada. Came to Canada in 1632,
and went on a mission to the Algonquians the following year; succeeded
by Vimont as superior, 1639; appointed to the governor's Council, 1640;
returned to France the same year; proposed for bishop of Quebec.
=Index=: =L= Bishopric of Quebec offered to, 25. =F= Preaches funeral
sermon on Champlain, 27. =Ch= Celebrates mass in house of Mme. Hebert,
148; his letter on education of Indian children, 230, 231; describes
first service in church, 239; preaches funeral sermon over Champlain,
261; advises Mme. Champlain, 264. =Bib.=: _Relations_, 1632-1640;
Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Douglas, _Old France in the New
World_.
=Lelievre, S.= =E= Commissioner under Seigniorial Tenure law, 186.
=Lemaire.= =L= Servant in the Seminary, Laval's account of, 250.
=Lemaistre, Simon.= =Ch= Director of Company of New France, 170.
=Lemaitre.= =L= Sulpician, comes out in _St. Andre_, 31; his attentions
to those suffering from the plague, 32; dies a martyr, 91.
=Le Marchant, Sir John Gaspard= (1803-1874). =H= Becomes governor of
Nova Scotia, 1852, 143; his connection with the Foreign Enlistment Act,
149-152. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.
=Lemoyne, Mme. Jacques.= =L= Land bought from, for church at Montreal,
88.
=Le Moyne, Paul, Sieur de Maricourt= (1663-1704). Son of Charles Le
Moyne, Sieur de Longueuil. Born in Montreal. Accompanied De Troyes and
Iberville on the expedition against the Hudson Bay forts, Moose Factory,
Rupert, and Albany, in 1686; and left in charge of the captured posts
when the leaders returned to Quebec. Again served with Iberville on the
bay in 1689, in the capture of the _Hampshire_. The following year
brought a party of voyageurs to help in the defence of Quebec against
Admiral Phipps. Once more with his brother Iberville on Hudson Bay, in
1694, and took part in the capture of Fort Nelson. Inherited much of his
father's remarkable influence over the Iroquois, and negotiated an
important treaty with them about the beginning of the eighteenth
century. =Index=: =F= Accompanies expedition to Hudson Bay, 206; arrives
at Quebec, during siege by Phipps, 292; with his brother, Iberville, in
Hudson Bay, 343. =L= Takes part in expedition to Hudson Bay, 204.
=Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great
North-West_. _See also_ Iberville.
=Lemoyne, Simon.= =Ch= Jesuit, professor in College of Rouen, 207.
=Le Moyne de Ste. Helene, Jacques= (1659-1690). Son of Charles Le Moyne,
and brother of Iberville, Bienville, and other members of this noted
family. Trained, like Iberville, for the navy; returned to Canada, and
in 1686 accompanied De Troyes on the Hudson Bay expedition. Took part in
the raid on Schenectady in 1690; and mortally wounded during the siege
of Quebec by Phipps. =Index=: =F= Accompanies expedition to Hudson Bay,
208; commands in war party against Schenectady, 235; mortally wounded in
skirmish on Beauport flats, 299. =L= Takes part in expedition to Hudson
Bay, 204; killed in siege of Quebec, 231. =Bib.=: _See_ Iberville.
=Le Moyne de Serigny, Joseph= (1668-1734). Son of Charles Le Moyne, and
brother of Iberville, Bienville, and St. Helene. Accompanied Iberville
to Hudson Bay, 1690, and left in command of Fort Albany after its
capture. Again in the bay with Iberville in 1694 and in 1697. Given
command of Fort Nelson the latter year. Joined Iberville in Louisiana in
1700, and associated with him in the development of the colony. Reached
high rank in the navy, and was governor of Rochefort at the time of his
death. =Index=: =F= Goes to France on affairs of Hudson Bay, 345.
=Bib.=: _See_ Iberville.
=Le Moyne.= _See_ Bienville; Iberville; Longueuil.
=Le National.= Newspaper published at Montreal. =Index=: =C= Founded as
organ of _Le Parti National_, in 1872, 30.
=Leonard, Samuel.= =T= English schoolmaster, 5.
=Leopard and Chesapeake.= =Bk= Affair of, 82-86.
=Leroux, Laurent= (1758-1855). Western fur trader. =Index=: =MS= Builds
post on Great Slave Lake, 18; sends Sutherland and the "English Chief"
to northern tribes, 18; with Mackenzie at Chipewyan, 33; Mackenzie's
return, 48; post on Great Slave Lake, 49; sent to Beaver Indians, 49.
=Bib.=: Morice, _Dict. Hist. des Canadiens de l'Ouest_; Burpee, _Search
for the Western Sea_.
=Le Roy, Marguerite.= =Ch= Mother of Champlain, 1.
=Le Sage, Captain.= =WM= Repulses landing of English, 107.
=Lesage, Marguerite.= =Ch= Wife of Nicolas Rivert, 146.
=Lescarbot, Marc.= Born at Vervins, near Laon, France, about 1570.
Studied law and called to the bar in 1599. The previous year delivered
two Latin orations before the papal legate sent by Clement VIII to
arrange the terms of the treaty of Vervins. Through Poutrincourt
(_q.v._), who had been one of his clients, induced to sail for Port
Royal, 1606; and spent twelve months in the New World, returning to
France in 1607. While at Port Royal, took an active part in the work of
building, gardening, etc., spent much of his time hunting and fishing;
and in the evening read and composed many of the poems afterwards
included in his _Muses de la Nouvelle France_. On his return, set to
work to prepare his account of Acadia. Spent the years 1612 to 1614 in
Switzerland; married in 1619. Beyond this year, nothing is known of his
life. =Index=: =Ch= Arrival of, at Port Royal, 35; useful in the colony,
37; returns to France, 37. =Bib.=: _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_,
Paris, 1609; 2nd ed., 1611; reprinted 1612; 3rd ed., 1618; reprint of
1612 issue, 1866. In 1907 the Champlain Society, Toronto, published a
new edition, with an English translation and notes by W. L. Grant, and
an introduction by H. P. Biggar. _See also_ Demarsy, _Notes sur Marc
Lescarbot_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Hannay, _History of Acadia_.
=Le Sire.= =Ch= Clerk in De Caen's company, 138.
=Leslie, Alexander= (1740?-1794). British general. =Index=: =Dr= In
command at Charleston, S. C., 197; embarks his force with large number
of refugees, 204; joins Carleton at New York, 205.
=Leslie, James.= =BL= Victim of election frauds in 1841--elected for
Vercheres, 1842, 116; president of Executive Council, 1848, 284; a
radical, 284; given seat in Legislative Council, 285; at farewell
banquet to La Fontaine, 354. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Lesseps, Ferdinand de= (1805-1894). Eminent French engineer. =Index=:
=Ch= Undertakes Panama Canal, 6. =Bib.=: Chambers, _Biog. Dict._
=Leslie, James= (1802-1885). Born in Dundee, Scotland. Came to Canada,
1820, settling first at Kingston, and afterwards at Toronto. A member of
the first city council of Toronto. Arrested and imprisoned in connection
with the Rebellion of 1837. Purchased the _Examiner_, 1844, and
conducted it for ten years. One of the founders of the Clear Grit party.
=Index=: =E= Proprietor of the Toronto _Examiner_, and a leader of the
Clear Grits, 110-111. =Mc= President of Canadian Alliance Society, 258;
delivers rejoinder to governor, 300; refuses to sign "declaration of
independence," 331. =B= Leader of the Clear Grits, 39. =Bib.=: Dent,
_Upper Canadian Rebellion_ and _Last Forty Years_.
=Lestrees, Abbey of.= =L= Bestowed by king on diocese of Quebec, 136.
=Le Sueur, Jean de St. Sauveur.= =Ch= Comes to Quebec, 252; Godfather to
young Hurons, 223.
=Le Tardif, Olivier.= Born in Normandy, 1601. Came to Canada, 1620, and
employed as an interpreter at Quebec. Married Louise Couillard, 1637.
=Index=: =Ch= Interpreter, 144; remains in Quebec during English
occupation, 208.
=Letellier de St. Just, Luc= (1820-1881). Born at Riviere Ouelle,
Quebec. Called to the Senate for the division of Grandville, 1867; a
member of the ministry, 1873; and in 1876 appointed lieutenant-governor
of Quebec; dismissed from office, 1879. =Index=: =Md= Appointed
lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 247; quarrels with and dismisses the
provincial ministry, 247-248; Macdonald brings the matter before
Parliament, 248-249; his dismissal on the advice of the Dominion
Cabinet, 249-250; his death, 250; political reasons for his dismissal,
251. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the
Liberal Party_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.
=Le Testu, Captain.= =Ch= Member of court to try Duval for conspiracy,
43.
=Le Valois, Father.= =L= Recommends Saint-Vallier to succeed Laval, 199.
=Levis, Gaston-Francois, Chevalier de= (1720-1787). Entered French army
in 1735; named second in command to Montcalm, 1756; sailed for Canada
the same year. On the death of Montcalm at Quebec, succeeded to the
command of the French forces, and won the battle of Ste. Foy, 1760.
After the capitulation, returned to France, and served under Conde
against Prince Ferdinand. Created a marshal, 1783, and the following
year a duke and peer of France. =Index=: =WM= Second in command to
Montcalm, 2; his birth and descent, 8; military service 9, 10;
character, 11; at battle of Carillon, 55, 60; confidence of Montcalm
in, 85; persuades Montcalm to extend line of defence to Montmorency
River, 105; his great activity, 110, 118, 126; his bravery, 137; praises
courage of troops, both regulars and Canadians, 143; congratulated by
Vaudreuil on victory at Montmorency, 144; sent to defend western
frontiers, 147; his absence from principal scene of conflict has
disastrous results, 147; sends encouraging news from Montreal, 157; his
presence and counsel much desired by Montcalm, 165; his absence on eve
of battle greatly felt by Montcalm, 195; Montcalm bequeaths his papers
to, 219; arrives at Jacques Cartier and takes command, 227; disapproves
of retreat, 227; marches army back in hope of relieving Quebec, 229; his
regret for death of Montcalm, 233; hears of capitulation of Quebec, 234;
decides to march on Quebec in the spring, 241; his efforts to supply
needs of his army, 242; occupies Ste. Foy, 256-266; takes possession of
General Hospital, 265; arrival of British fleet compels him to retire,
267; surrender at Montreal, 268; his high military qualities, 268. =L=
French general, burning of his flags by, 12. =Hd= Defeats Murray, 34;
his final struggle, 36-37; surrenders, 38; account of having burned
French flags, 39; not forgotten, 122. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and
Wolfe_; Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_;
Bradley, _Fight with France_; _Collection des Manuscrits du Marechal de
Levis_, ed. by Casgrain.
=Levis, Heights of.= Opposite Quebec. =Index=: =WM= Skirmishing on, 102.
=Lewis, John.= =T= Confederation candidate, elected in Albert County,
New Brunswick, 89, 107.
=Lewis, Meriwether= (1774-1809), and =Clark, William= (1770-1838).
American explorers. Sent by the United States Government, in 1803, to
find an overland route to the Pacific by way of the Missouri. They
ascended the Missouri in 1804, to the Mandan villages; wintered there;
continued their journey in 1805, crossed the Rocky Mountains, and
descended the Columbia River to its mouth. They spent the winter there,
and retraced their steps in 1806 to the Missouri and St. Louis. Their
party consisted of fourteen soldiers, nine young men from Kentucky, two
boatmen, an interpreter, a hunter, and a negro servant of Captain Clark.
=Index=: =D= At Clatsop, 44; on the Columbia, 59; their overland
expedition, 60, 64, 66; mouth of the Columbia the objective, 66; objects
of the enterprise, 66; personnel of the expedition, 67; route followed
by, 67; information collected, 67; winter at Fort Clatsop, 67. =Bib.=:
_History of the Expedition to the Pacific Ocean_, Philadelphia, 1814;
new ed., New York, 1843. In addition to other reprints, three recent
editions are: the Chicago edition of 1902, with introd. by Dr. J.K.
Hosmer; the edition of 1893, in 4 vols., with copious notes and other
critical equipment by Dr. Elliott Coues; and the even more elaborate
edition prepared by Dr. R.G. Thwaites, New York, 1905, 8 vols. For biog.
of Lewis and Clark, _see_ Jefferson's _Life of Lewis_ in _Old South
Leaflets_, no. 44, and in the Hosmer edition; _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Lexington.= =Hd= Skirmish at, 103.
=Liard River.= A tributary of the Mackenzie; rises in the Yukon
district, south-west of Frances Lake, about lat. 61 deg., long. 131 deg.
Its length is about 550 miles. Explored by McLeod in 1834, and by Campbell
in 1840. The Upper Liard is known only by Indian report. Fort Simpson,
of the Hudson's Bay Company, is at the mouth of the main river; and Fort
Liard at the confluence of Black River and the Liard, not far from the
point where British Columbia, the Yukon, and the North-West Territories
meet. =Index=: =D= Operations of Hudson's Bay Company on, 123.
=Libel.= =Mc= Mackenzie's bill on, 163.
=Liberal.= Newspaper published at Toronto. =Index=: =B= Radical journal,
founded after Liberal victory of 1874, 235.
=Liberal Party.= =B= Growth of, 209; overthrows Sir John A. Macdonald's
government, and Ontario coalition government, 209-210. _See_ Reform
Party.
=Libraries.= The first public library in Canada was the Quebec library,
founded in 1779 largely through the efforts of Haldimand. After many
vicissitudes, the library was absorbed by the Literary and Historical
Society of Quebec. The first college library was that of the Seminary at
Quebec, 1668; Montreal College library was opened in 1767; and King's
College library in 1790. Legislative libraries were established in each
of the provinces at an early date. In 1841 the libraries of Upper and
Lower Canada were combined, and from this year dates the establishment
of the library of Parliament. The first circulating library in Upper
Canada was founded at Niagara in 1800. Similar libraries existed in
Montreal as early as 1824, and at Kingston in 1836; the Red River
library was founded at Fort Garry in 1847. =Index=: =Hd= First in Canada
established by Haldimand, 190; merged in 1869 into Literary and
Historical Society of Quebec, 190; objects and cost of, 191;
appreciation of, 191. =R= Public school libraries established by Dr.
Ryerson, for use by the community, 185-187. =MS= One established by
Roderick Mackenzie at Fort Chipewyan, 26. =BL= W. L. Mackenzie maintains
a circulating library, 13. =E= Provided for in Upper Canada after 1841,
88. =S= For Upper Canada, Simcoe recommends government to establish, 46;
plan not adopted, 175. _See also_ Books. =Bib.=: Bain, _Public Libraries
of Canada_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5.
=Licorne.= =WM= Frigate in which Montcalm embarked at Brest, 12.
=Lieutenant-governor.= =Mc= Office of, Durham's view of power of, 56,
57; surroundings of, in 1838, 61; position in both Upper and Lower
Canada, 62.
=Lieutenants.= =S= Intended to be analogous to lords-lieutenant in
England, appointed by Governor Simcoe for the principal counties in
Upper Canada, 197; measure not approved by secretary of state, 197;
appointments not continued by later governors, 198.
=Ligneris.= =WM= Force gathered by, and Aubry, dispersed, 146.
=Lincoln, Abraham= (1809-1865). Fourteenth president of the United
States. =Index=: =B= Believed by George Brown to be favourable to
renewal of Reciprocity Treaty, 192. =Bib.=: For biog. sketch, and
bibliog. of lives, _see Cyc. Am. Biog._; Larned, _Lit. Am. Hist._
=Lincoln, Benjamin= (1733-1810). American general. =Index=: =S= United
States commissioner, entertained by Simcoe at Navy Hall, 184, 229.
=Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Lindsay, W. B.= =Sy= Made clerk of Legislative Assembly, 334.
=Lindsay, William.= =T= Elected for the county of Carleton, New
Brunswick, 89, 107.
=Linschot.= =Ch= His definition of the territory of New France, 211.
=Lippincott, Captain.= =Dr= Hangs Joshua Huddy, 198.
=Liquor Question.= =B= Agitated by Brown and the _Globe_, 75; the Canada
Company and cheap whiskey, 75; the movement in and out of Parliament,
75-76. _See also_ Brandy question; Stills; Cas reserve.
=Lisgar, John Young, Baron= (1807-1876). Born at Bombay. Entered
Parliament in 1831; became lord of treasury in 1841, and secretary of
the treasury, 1844-1846; chief secretary for Ireland, 1852-1855; and
lord high commissioner of the Ionian Islands, 1855-1859. In 1861 sent to
New South Wales as governor-general. Seven years later came to Canada as
administrator; and the following year appointed governor-general.
Succeeded by Lord Dufferin in 1872. =Index=: =C= His arrival in Canada,
89; expresses views of Little Englanders--advises Canada to declare her
independence, 89. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._
=Literary and Historical Society of Quebec.= =P= Founded by Lord
Dalhousie, 41. =Bib.=: _See_ list of publications, from 1829, in _Lit.
Am. Hist._; _also_ Wurtele, _List of Lectures, Papers, etc., 1829-1891_.
=Little Belt.= =Bk= British corvette, fired on by United States frigate
_President_, 173.
=Littlehales, Edward B.= =S= Accompanies Simcoe as major of brigade, 47;
clerk of Council, 79; aide-de-camp to governor, 177; describes the site
of the present city of London, 200, 201.
=Livingstone.= =Dr= Of Montreal, his disaffection, 79; commands rebel
Canadians at Quebec, 132.
=Livingstone, Philip= (1716-1778). =Dr= President of Continental
(American) Congress, 201. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Livius, Peter= (1727?-1795). Resided at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. A
member of the Council under the royal government; quarrelled with the
governor and went to England to lay his complaints before the crown.
Complaints dismissed, but appointed chief-justice of New Hampshire. At
once transferred to Quebec as chief-justice; held office from 1777 to
1786; retired and went to England, where he died. =Index=: =Dr=
Appointed chief-justice, 184; his character and abilities, 185;
disagrees with Carleton, 188; carries dispute to Privy Council, 188.
=Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._
=Logan, Sir William Edmond= (1798-1875). Born at Montreal, of United
Empire Loyalist descent. Educated at the University of Edinburgh. After
some years spent in business in England, and incidentally in studying
the geological formation of the coal-fields of Wales, returned to
Canada, and in 1842 appointed the first director of the Geological
Survey. In 1863 issued an elaborate summary of the work accomplished by
the Survey up to that time. Retired in 1870. =Bib.=: _Geology of
Canada_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Harrington, _Life of Sir
William E. Logan_.
=London.= City of Ontario; founded by Peter McGregor, in 1826. =Index=:
=S= Site of present city, selected by Simcoe as best place for capital
of Upper Canada, 200, 205.
=London Conference.= _See_ Westminster Conference.
=Long Point.= Lake Erie, north shore. =Index=: =S= Chosen by Simcoe as
arsenal for Lake Erie, 204.
=Longueuil, Charles Colmer Grant, Baron de.= =Sy= Owner of "Alwington,"
294.
=Longueuil, Charles Le Moyne, Sieur de= (1625?-1685). Son of an
innkeeper of Dieppe. Came to Canada in 1641. In 1657 granted the
seigniory of Longueuil. In De Tracy's expedition against the Iroquois,
in 1666, commanded the Montreal militia, and was with Frontenac at
Cataraqui in 1673. La Barre sent him to the Iroquois, 1682, to persuade
them to meet him in council at Montreal. When, two years later, La Barre
led an abortive expedition against the Iroquois, he was again compelled
to depend upon Le Moyne's influence with the Iroquois to patch up a
peace. =Index=: =F= Sent to invite Onondagas to a conference, 183, 184.
=Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Longueuil, Charles Le Moyne, Baron de= (1656-1729). Son of Charles Le
Moyne, Sieur de Longueuil (_q.v._) Wounded, in 1687, in the Iroquois
raid on Lachine. Governor of Montreal. Administered the colony in 1725,
before the arrival of Beauharnois. =Index=: =F= Commands militia in
attack on Iroquois, 1687, 209. =E= Barony conferred on, in 1700, 181.
=Longueuil, Charles Le Moyne, Baron de= (1687-1755). Son of preceding.
Administered the colony in 1752, after the departure of La Jonquiere.
=Index=: =Dr= In command of militia, in 1777, 187.
=Loquin.= =Ch= Company's clerk at Quebec, 139.
=Longworth, John= (1814-1885). Born at Charlottetown. Called to the bar
of Prince Edward Island, 1838. Elected to the Assembly, 1846. Occupied
offices in several successive administrations. Drafted the "No Terms
Resolution" of the Assembly in connection with Confederation. Appointed
prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island, 1883. =Bib.=:
Campbell, _History of Prince Edward Island_.
=Loranger, Thomas Jean Jacques= (1823-1885). Born in Ste Anne
d'Yamachiche, Quebec. Educated at Nicolet College; called to the bar,
1844. Sat in the Assembly, 1854-1863; held office in the
Macdonald-Cartier ministry, 1857-1858. Appointed a judge of the Superior
Court, 1863; retired, 1879. Subsequently engaged in the consolidation of
the statutes of Quebec. Created by the pope a commander of the Order of
Pius IX. =Index=: =C= Conservative leader in Quebec, his character, 25.
=Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.
=Lorette.= =L= Settlement of Christian Indians at, 74. =WM= British
abandon their position at, 249.
=Lorimer, Dr.= =Hd= Consulted by Haldimand as to sanitary measures, 66,
70.
=Lorin, Henri.= =F= Author of _Le Comte de Frontenac_, referred to, 109,
126, 128, 142, 165, 174, 216, 231, 250.
=Lormel, Captain de.= =Ch= Brings out settlers, 252.
=Lorne.= _See_ Argyll.
=Lotbiniere.= _See_ Joly de Lotbiniere; Chartier de Lotbiniere.
=Louche, de.= =WM= Takes direction of fireships, 98.
=Loudon, James= (1841- ). Born in Toronto. Educated at Upper Canada
College and Toronto University, graduating 1862. Appointed to the staff
of the university; professor of mathematics, 1875; and president of the
university, 1892, succeeding Sir Daniel Wilson. One of the original
fellows of the Royal Society of Canada. Retired from presidency of
university, 1906. =Index=: =BL= Quoted on Baldwin's University Bill,
293. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _The University of Toronto and its
Colleges, 1827-1906_.
=Loudon, John Campbell, fourth Earl of= (1705-1782). General. =Index=:
=WM= Made commander-in-chief of British forces in America, 33. =Hd=
Commands Royal Americans, 11; his opinion of Pennsylvanians, 11. =Bib.=:
_Dict. Nat. Biog._; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _Fight with
France_.
=Louis XIII, King of France= (1601-1643). Succeeded his father, Henry
IV, in 1610. =Index=: =F= Close relations of Frontenac family with, 62.
=Ch= Demands restitution of Acadia, 212; plot against, 215. =L=
Dedicated France to the Virgin Mary, 87. =Bib.=: Larousse, _Dictionnaire
Universel_.
=Louis XIV, King of France= (1638-1715). Succeeded his father, Louis
XIII, in 1643. =Index=: =F= His war with Holland, 148; absolutism of his
rule 151-153; desires to have permanent curacies (_cures fixes_)
established in Canada, 164; private life of, 166; pronounces La Salle's
discoveries useless, 176; later takes him under his special protection,
180. =L= Recommends creation of bishopric for New France and appointment
of Laval thereto, 131; stipulates that archbishop of Rouen shall be
metropolitan, 133; yields the point, 134; bestows abbey of Lestrees on
new diocese, 136; his decision on liquor question, 174; grants 8000
francs annually to Canadian clergy, 182; later reduces amount, 183; his
disagreement with Pope Innocent XI, 201. =Bib.=: Voltaire, _Siecle de
Louis XIV_; Saint-Simon, _Memoires_.
[Illustration: Remains of the King's Bastion, Louisbourg]
=Louis XVI, King of France= (1754-1793). Succeeded to the throne in
1774. =Index=: =S= Public mourning ordered in Upper Canada for death of,
193. =Bib.=: Larousse, _Dictionnaire Universel_.
=Louisbourg.= A seaport on the south-east coast of Cape Breton. Formerly
the chief stronghold of France in America. The fortress, named after
Louis XIV, was begun in 1790; twenty-five years were spent in fortifying
it; and the cost was estimated at thirty million livres. Captured by the
British under Pepperell and Warren in 1745; ceded back to France by the
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle; and again captured by the British under
Amherst and Boscawen, in 1758. =Index=: =WM= Guards Gulf of St.
Lawrence, 17; composition of garrison, 30; capture of, 71; expedition
against Quebec, sails to, 85. =Ch= Commonly known as Port aux Anglais,
236. _See also_ Cape Breton; Boscawen; Wolfe; Amherst. =Bib.=: Parkman,
_Half-Century of Conflict_ and _Montcalm and Wolfe_; _Lettre d'un
Habitant_, ed. by Wrong; Archibald, _First Siege of Louisbourg_ (R. S.
C., 1887); Bourinot, _Cape Breton and its Memorials_; Wood, _Logs of the
Conquest of Canada_.
=Louisbourg Grenadiers.= =WM= On British right, at Quebec, 189;
re-embark after fall of Quebec, 236.
=Louise, Princess.= Daughter of Queen Victoria; born 1848. =Index=: =E=
Comes to Canada with her husband, the Marquis of Lorne, 122.
=Louisiana.= =Hd= Secretly transferred to Spain by France, 64; Spanish
rule unpopular, 77; revolution in, 79; counter-revolution, 81;
contemplated invasion of, 81. =L= Colony sent to, 152. =Bk= Cession of
by France to Spain, 38; re-ceded to France, 38; purchased by United
States, 42; acquisition of, changes attitude of United States towards
Great Britain, 43. =Bib.=: Le Page du Pratz, _Histoire de la Louisiane_.
For further material, _see_ _Lit. Am. Hist._
=Lount, Samuel= (1791-1838). =Mc= Member for Simcoe, 316; election
corruption, 317; given command of rebels, 360; arrives at Montgomery's
tavern, 362; his account of the flag of truce, 369; his first
engagement, 373; his second engagement, 379; leaves country, 380;
executed, 435; his fidelity, 435; petitions for commutation, 435; effect
of his execution, 436; monument to, 436. =BL= Hanged for his share in
the Rebellion of 1837, 44-45. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_;
Kingsford, _History of Canada_.
=L'Ouverture, Toussaint.= =Bk= Establishes independent republic in St.
Domingo, 39, 40; death of, 40.
=Louvigny, Louis de la Porte, Sieur de= (1652-1730). Accompanied
Denonville on his expedition against the Iroquois, 1687; sent by
Frontenac to relieve La Durantaye in 1690; in command at Three Rivers in
1701; two years later commanded an expedition to Detroit; major of
Quebec, 1706; sent to Michilimackinac in 1713; four years later at
Detroit, and led an expedition against the Fox Indians; at Quebec in
1724 as _lieutenant du roi_. =Index=: =F= Sent with reinforcements to
Michilimackinac, 241. =Bib.=: _Cadillac Papers_ (Michigan Hist. _Coll._,
vol. 33); Parkman, _Frontenac_.
=Lovett, John.= =Bk= Secretary to General Van Rensselaer, letters of,
263-265, 286.
=Low, Albert Peter= (1861- ). Born in Montreal. Educated at McGill
University, graduating in 1882 with honours. Appointed to Geological
Survey 1881, and promoted to geologist, 1891. Spent many years in
exploring the Labrador peninsula, and is the chief authority on its
geography and geology. Appointed director of the Survey, and deputy
minister of mines, 1907. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men; Canadian Who's Who_.
=Lowell=. =S= White settler among Grand River Indians, murdered by Isaac
Brant, 191.
=Lower Canada=. =Mc= Crisis approaching in, 287; Imperial commissioners'
report, 323; against responsible government, 325; events leading to
Rebellion, 327; asks other provinces for support, 329; crisis arrives,
August, 1837, 344; arrest of editors, 344; condition of, in 1837, 347;
rebellion in, 358. =BL= Population of, at time of conquest, 1; its
character, 1; British immigration, 8; racial conflict, 8; political
situation after 1815, 9, 16-21; reorganization of its judicial system,
184-185. =Bk= Population of, 45. =Sy= Desire of majority to have the
province wholly French, 68; Pitt's expectations regarding, 68; governors
of, ally themselves with English-speaking element, 69; rupture between
the two races inevitable, 86, 87; Rebellion, 87. =Bib.=: Kingsford,
_History of Canada_; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_; Garneau,
_History of Canada_; McMullen, _History of Canada_; Bibaud, _Histoire du
Canada sous la Domination Anglaise; Political and Historical Account of
Lower Canada_, by a Canadian, London, 1830.
=Lowther, Catherine=. =WM= Wolfe's attachment to, 70, 72; Wolfe entrusts
her portrait to Captain Jervis, 175. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_;
Willson, _Life and Letters of James Wolfe_; Wood, _The Fight for
Canada_.
=Loyal American Regiment=. =Dr= Commanded by Beverley Robinson, 202. =W=
Commanded by Beverley Robinson, 3; Lemuel Wilmot a captain in, 3.
=Loyalist=. Newspaper published at St. John, New Brunswick. =W= Attacks
Wilmot and Fisher, 74-75; libel case arising out of, 75.
=Loyalist Corps.= =Hd= Formed, 253. =Dr= Practice of purchase of
commissions prevented in, 217; six disbanded and settled in Nova Scotia,
218.
=Loyalists, United Empire=. Name applied to the inhabitants of the
Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to Great Britain, and rather than
submit to the new republic, migrated to Canada, New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. No adequate provision having been made
for them by the mother country, in the treaty of Paris (1783), the
Loyalists were compelled in most cases to abandon all their worldly
possessions, and start life anew in the pioneer settlements of the
north. May 18, 1783, one great section of the refugees landed at the
mouth of the St. John River, and built a town, first named Parrtown,
later St. John. Other settlements were made, about the same time, at
various points on the coasts of Nova Scotia, as well as on St. John's
Island (Prince Edward Island). The bulk of the migration to what was
then Quebec (now Ontario and Quebec) took place in 1784, the eastern
Loyalists going north by way of Lake Champlain and the Richelieu, and
settling in the Eastern Townships; those of the West crossing the
boundary at Niagara and other points, and spreading throughout the
backbone of the future province of Upper Canada. =Index=: =B= Land
grants to their children fall into hands of speculators, 53. =S=
Settlement of Upper Canada by, 1; Carleton's interest in, 51; their
sufferings, 52, 54; claims for losses paid to, 55; settlements of,
during and after war, 56; pretenders among, 57; those from England not
generally good settlers, 58; assisted by government, 60; their
hardships, 61; their mode of life, 62-69; names of those who had joined
British side before treaty of 1783, registered, 70; clauses of treaty of
Paris respecting, not carried out by United States, 118; consequently
further emigration of to Canada, 119. =Sy= Constitutional Act an attempt
to placate, 68. =Bk= Rations issued to, from Fort Niagara, 58; Brock
(1804) observes and reports on comfortable condition of many of them,
65. =Dr= Emigration of, 64; commended to Carleton's special care, 194;
their pitiable condition, 196; twenty regiments of, in Carleton's
command, 202; their consternation on learning of proposed terms of
peace, 206; left unprotected by treaty of peace, 213; large number of,
embark for Nova Scotia, 214; Carleton continues occupation of New York
till all have left the country, 215, 216; their emigration to different
British provinces, 218; widows of, apply for pensions, 218, 219; effect
of their settlement in Canada, 221, 244, 248; increase of their numbers
in western Canada, 224; two distinct waves of emigration, 236;
settlements of at Niagara, and Sorel, 236, 237; claim representative
institutions, 237; those in Kingston district petition for church
establishments, 238; their destitute condition, 238; their political
weight underestimated by Dorchester, 248; the Seigniorial Tenure system
unsuited to, 256; Dorchester's suggestion for conferring distinction on,
260. =E= Extravagant land grants to, 144; Durham on, 144-145; settled
along Niagara River, 194. =MS= In the wilderness, 11. =R= Methodist
preachers in Upper Canada of Loyalist stock, 38; included many of the
influential families, 62; Ryerson's history of, 270, 274, 279. =H=
Emigrate to the loyal western colonies, 13, 17. =BL= Come to Maritime
Provinces and Canada, 4-5; their numbers and character, 5; in Lower
Canada, 17; support Common School Bill, 105; =Md= Dread possibility of
revolution, 20. =T= Severe treatment of, 3; they settle in Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick, 3-4, 35. =Hd= Come to Canada, 125; houses built for,
138, 182; military service of, 136, 137; at Niagara, 152; employed on
fortifications of Quebec, 183; in Vermont negotiations, 200, 202, 206;
at Cataraqui, 236, 265; Washington's severity towards, 249, 250;
arrangements for their reception in Canada, 250, 254; not less patriotic
than the opposite party, 251; brutal treatment of, 252; compared with
Jacobites, 253; Haldimand's care of, 254; lands allotted to, 255;
surveys made for, 263; flock into Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, 263;
their advent viewed with alarm by French Canadians, 264; fed and clothed
by government for three years, 265; not fully appreciative of assistance
given, 266; difficulty of dealing with, 267-271, 348; some impostors
among, 268, 306. =Mc= Hardships suffered by, on account of
naturalization laws, 140-141; bills for their relief, 142-143. =Bib.=:
Sabine, _Loyalists of the American Revolution_; Ryerson, _Loyalists of
America_; Campbell, _Travels in North America_; Canniff, _The Settlement
of Upper Canada_; Casselman, _United Empire Loyalists of the County of
Dundas, Ontario_; Haight, _Country Life in Canada Fifty Years Ago_;
Bourinot, _Builders of Nova Scotia_; Frousac, _Rise of the Loyalists_;
_Loyalists of New York in the American Revolution_ in _Columbia
University Studies_; Curwen, _Journal and Letters_; Myers, _The Tories
or Loyalists in America_; Eardley-Wilmot, _Loyalists' Centennial
Souvenir_; St. John, _The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada
by the United Empire Loyalists_; Denison, _United Empire Loyalists_; (R.
S. C., 1904); Van Tyne, _Loyalists in the American Revolution_; Shortt
and Doughty, _Constitutional Documents of Canada_.
=Ludovica.= =Ch= Name proposed by Champlain for Quebec; 124.
=Lumagne.= =Ch= Merchant, compensation awarded to, for goods seized,
221.
=Lumber Trade.= =Bk= Canadian, great increase of, 125.
=Lundy's Lane, Battle of= (1814). British troops, including Canadian
militia, numbered 1600 at the beginning of the battle, later increased
to 2800, under the command of Sir Gordon Drummond; United States troops
about 4000, under General Jacob Brown. The engagement opened in the
evening, and continued late into the night; the Americans finally
withdrew from the field. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_. _See
also_ War of 1812.
=Lusignan, Paul Louis Dazemard de.= Commanded Fort St. Frederic (Crown
Point) in 1749, when the Swedish naturalist, Peter Kalm, visited the
place; and remained there for several years. Served under Montcalm at
the siege of Quebec. =Index=: =WM= Relieves Montcalm, 120.
=Luth, De.= =L= Royal engineer, directs erection of fortifications, 214.
=Lymburner, Adam= (1746-1836). Born in Kilmarnock, Scotland. Came to
Canada about 1776, and settled at Quebec, where he succeeded to the
business of his brother John, who had been lost at sea in 1775. For many
years a member of the Executive Council, and took an active part in
public affairs. Died in London at the age of ninety. =Index=: =Dr=
Proceeds to England with petition for political changes, 243; arrives in
England, 251; opposes division of province, 257. =S= Recommends system
of representation adapted to strengthen English-speaking minority, 2;
heard at bar of House of Commons, 6. =Bk= Sent to England to oppose
division of Canada into two provinces, 49. =Bib.=: Lucas, _History of
Canada_; Bradley, _Making of Canada_; Shortt and Doughty,
_Constitutional Documents of Canada_.
=Lynch, John Joseph= (1816-1888). Born near Clones, Ireland. Studied in
Dublin, and entered the Lazarist order. Came to America in 1847;
laboured as a missionary in Texas, 1847-1848; became president of the
Lazarist College of St. Mary, Missouri, 1848; coadjutor to the bishop of
Toronto, 1859; and bishop, 1860. In 1870, consecrated archbishop of
Toronto and metropolitan of Ontario. His jubilee celebrated in 1884.
=Index=: =R= His policy as to separate schools, 235-236; proposed as
member of Council of Public Instruction of Upper Canada, 236. =Bib.=:
Dent, _Can. Por._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._
=Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley, Baron= (1772-1863). British
statesman. =Index=: =Md= Denounces Rebellion Losses Bill, 241. =Bib.=:
_Dict. Nat. Biog._
=Lyonne, De.= =Ch= Jesuit, founder of missions at Nipisiguit and
Chedabucto, 235.
=Lyons, Richard Bickerton Pemell, Earl= (1817-1887). British
diplomatist. =Index=: =B= British ambassador at Washington--suggested
that he confer with Canadian agent on reciprocity, 192. =Bib.=: _Dict.
Nat. Biog._
=Lyons.= =S= Teaches school at Hay Bay, 167.
=Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Baron= (1803-1873). Novelist
and statesman. =Index=: =E= Colonial secretary,--his views on the duties
of colonial governors, 4. =D= His series of despatches, 1858, on
government of British Columbia, 231-235. =T= On the Confederation
question, 63. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Escott, _Edward Bulwer, First
Baron Lytton of Knebworth_.
=Lyveden, Robert Vernon, Baron= (1800-1873). British statesman. =Index=:
=B= Dwells upon defencelessness of Canada, 184. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat.
Biog._
=Mabane, Adam= (1734-1792). Born in Scotland. Studied medicine at
Edinburgh University; came to Canada, and practised his profession in
Quebec. In 1764 appointed a judge, and presided over the first civil
court held in Quebec. Member of the provincial Council; and in 1766
surgeon of the garrison of Quebec. =Index=: =Dr= Member of Council,
protests against position taken by Carleton, 34; dismissed from Council,
39; appointed judge, 183. =Hd= Head of military hospital, 178; intimate
friend of Haldimand, 300, 304; made judge and member of Legislative
Council, 305; not in favour under Dorchester regime, 314, 315; his
headstrong temper, 332; his letter to Haldimand, 340; receives bequest
from Haldimand, 342. =Bib.=: Bradley, _Making of Canada_; Shortt and
Doughty, _Constitutional Documents of Canada_.
=M'Afee, Samuel.= =Mc= Aids Mackenzie's escape, 400.
=Macallum, A.= =R= In charge of union school at Hamilton, 195.
=McBride, Richard= (1870- ). Born in New Westminster, British Columbia.
Educated at the public and high schools, New Westminster. Elected to the
British Columbia Assembly, 1898; minister of mines in Dunsmuir
administration; premier of British Columbia, 1903. =Bib.=: _Canadian
Who's Who_.
=McCarthy, Charles Justin.= =R= Martyr of early Canadian Methodism, 41.
=McCarthy, D'Alton= (1836-1898). Born in Dublin, Ireland. Came to Canada
with his parents, 1847. In 1858 called to the bar; in 1871 a bencher of
the Law society; and in 1872 made a Q. C. In 1876 elected to Parliament
for Cardwell, as a Conservative, but in 1889 severed his connection with
the party on the question of the Jesuits' Estates Act. In 1896 member of
Parliament for North Simcoe. Index: =Md= Opposes commercial union, 295.
=Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Hopkins, _D'Alton McCarthy_ in _Men of the
Day_.
=Macartney, Captain.= =WM= Rescues French soldiers from floating ice,
251.
=Macaulay, Sir James Buchan= (1793-1859). Born at Niagara, Ontario.
Served in the Glengarry Fencibles during the War of 1812. In 1822 called
to the bar and rose rapidly in his profession. A strong opponent of
William Lyon Mackenzie, and in 1826 appeared as counsel against him. In
1829 became judge of the King's Bench; chief justice of the Court of
Common Pleas, 1849-1856; and subsequently of the Court of Error and
Appeal. Chairman of the commission to revise and consolidate the
statutes of Canada and Upper Canada. Knighted, 1859. =Index=: =Mc=
Defends destroyers of _Colonial Advocate_, 115; offers compensation,
117; Mackenzie's opinion of, 118; violates secrecy of private letters,
121; taunts Mackenzie, 123; Mackenzie retaliates, 124; writes venomous
pamphlet, 125; Mackenzie's reply, 126. =Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the
Judges_; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.
=Macauley, John.= =BL= Inspector-general, retires and succeeded by
Hincks, 119.
=McClelan, Abner Reid= (1831- ). Born in Hopewell, New Brunswick.
Educated at Mount Allison Academy. Engaged in mercantile life.
Represented Albert County in the Assembly, 1854-1867; chief commissioner
of public works, 1866-1867; appointed to the Senate, 1867;
lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1896-1902. =Index=: =T= Elected as
Confederation candidate in Albert, New Brunswick, 89; chief commissioner
of public works in Mitchell government, 105; elected for Albert, 107.
=Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.
=McCulloch, Dr.= =BL= Defeats La Fontaine in Terrebonne; affiliated with
Draper, 82.