oblongo-capitatum, bilobum, glutine antheris adnexum.
PERICARPIUM. Folliculi duo, longissimi, uniloculares, univalves.
SEMINA plurima, imbricata, coronata pappo longo.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five-parted, pointed, and small.
BLOSSOM one-petal, funnel-shaped; border five-cleft, flat and spreading
very much.
_Honey-cup_ five glands, standing round the bud.
CHIVES. Five threads, slender, erect. Tips stiff, oblong, tapered, and
closing together at the top.
POINTAL. Seed-buds two. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the chives.
Summit oblong-headed, two-lobed, attached to the tips by a glutinous
substance.
SEED-VESSEL. Two follicles, very long, one celled, one valved.
SEEDS many tiled, crowned with a long feather.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Echites pedunculis racemosis; foliis ovalibus, obtusis, mucronatis;
floribus luteis, amplissimis; corollæ tubus hirsutus.
Echites with bunched foot-stalks; leaves oval, blunt and pointed at the
ends; flowers yellow and very large; the tube of the blossom hairy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup.
2. A Flower cut open, with the chives remaining, but detached from each
other.
3. The Chives and Pointal as they are in the flower, the lower part of
the blossom remaining, the upper cut away, magnified.
4. One of the Chives a little magnified.
5. The Pointal and Seed-buds, magnified.
The Lady Dowager De Clifford received this plant from the island of St.
Vincent’s, in the year 1794; and we much question, whether it was ever
seen in Britain prior to that period; although said to be cultivated in
1759, by Millar, in the 7th Edit. of his Dictionary, and from thence,
collated into the Kew Catalogue, p. 289, Vol. I. It is a climbing plant,
if supported; but does not grow to any considerable height, if kept in a
pot. The best method of treating this plant, is the same as that
proposed for the Cratæva capparoides, Pl. 176. Vol. III. The specific
name Suberecta, of Jacquin and Browne, must undoubtedly have been taken
from the plants which grow in the Savannas; where, they seldom acquire
above the height of two feet. The whole plant, from which, if any part
is cut or broken, there issues a milky substance, is considered by Dr.
Browne as poisonous. Our figure was taken at Messrs. Lee and Kennedy’s,
this year, in August. It is propagated by cuttings, put in about the
month of May.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXXVIII.
GLADIOLUS CAMPANULATUS.
_Bell-flowered Gladiolus._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpartita, ringens.
STAMINA adscendentia.
BLOSSOM six divisions, gaping.
CHIVES ascending.
See Pl. XI. Vol. I. GLADIOLUS ROSEUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis lanceolatis, nervosis, glabris; scapo subtrifloro,
foliis longior; corolla sub-campanulata, palidè purpurea, laciniis
sub-æqualibus; stigmatibus bifidis.
Gladiolus with lance-shaped leaves, nerved and smooth; flower-stem
mostly three-flowered, longer than the leaves; blossom rather
bell-shaped, of a pale purple, the segments nearly equal, with the
summits two-cleft.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Sheaths of the Empalement.
2. A Flower spread open, with the Chives attached.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits, one Summit detached and magnified.
The Bell-flowered Gladiolus, was amongst the number of those imported
from Holland, in the year 1794, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith;
when they partook of that large collection, brought to Haarlem by a
Frenchman; who had been long resident at the Cape of Good Hope, where he
had cultivated most of the bulbs prior to his bringing them to Europe.
Nothing particular is required for the management of this, more than the
most common of the Genus, from the Cape. It flowers in May, and
increases by the root; the seeds rarely ripen.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXXIX.
ZINNIA VERTICILLATA.
_Double Zinnia._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
RECEPTACULUM paleaceum. Pappus aristis 2 erectis. Calyx
ovato-cylindricus, imbricatus. Flosculi radii 5, persistentes, integri.
RECEPTACLE chaffy. Feather with 2 upright awns. Empalement
cylindrical-egg-shaped, and tiled. Florets of the ray 5, remaining and
entire.
See ZINNIA VIOLACEA. Pl. LV. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Zinnia foliis verticillatis, sessilibus; floribus pedunculatis; flosculi
radii sæpe tria series.
Zinnia with leaves growing in whorls without foot-stalks close to the
stem; flowers with foot-stalks; the florets of the ray often three rows.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. An outer female Floret of the ray, the seed attached, a little larger
than nature.
2. An inner hermaphrodite Floret of the disk, with its seed and skinny
chaff, magnified.
3. The Chives, Pointal, and Seed of an hermaphrodite Floret, divested of
its corolla, magnified.
The English specific title to this plant, should seem to imply, that the
flowers are such, as should not come into our arrangement; but, as the
character is not constant in all the flowers, even on the same plant, it
cannot be considered but as a specific character in this particular
species, though the name has its proper force, in contradistinction to
its congeners, in our language. It is a native of Mexico, South America;
and was introduced to our gardens about the year 1789, by Monsʳ Richard,
from the Paris gardens, at the same time with the Virgilia; a most
beautiful annual, of the habit of Arctotis, now lost in both countries
from the difficulty of procuring ripened seeds. It is to be raised in
the same manner as the other species, on a gentle hot-bed, in March, and
planted out the beginning of May. The flowers make their appearance
about the beginning of August, and continue, in succession, till they
are destroyed by the frost. To be certain of the seed, the heads must be
taken from the plant, whilst they appear yet fresh; as the petals are
persistent, and have not the appearance of entire decay, though the seed
is nearly ripe; for if the receptacle once begins to rot, (which it is
very subject to,) the seeds are immediately contaminated and spoilt. Our
figure was taken, this year, at the Hammersmith Nursery, where, it was
grown first in this kingdom.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXC.
GERANIUM ASTRAGALIFOLIUM.
_Astragalus-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque.
FRUCTUS rostratus, penta-coccus.
One POINTAL. Five Summits.
FRUIT furnished with long awns; five dry berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
GERANIUM foliis pinnatis, hirsutis, foliolis rotundato-ovatis; calycibus
monophyllis; petalis undulatis ad basin tortis; staminibus quinque
fertilibus; radice tuberosa.
GERANIUM with winged, hairy leaves; leaflets of a roundish-oval shape;
cups one-leaved; petals waved, twisted at the base; five fertile chives;
root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. The Chives and Pointal.
3. The Chives spread open and magnified.
4. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits, magnified.
By the Kew Catalogue we are informed, that this species of Geranium, was
introduced to this country, in the year 1788, by Mr. F. Masson. It is,
like many of this branch of the extended family of Geranium, rather a
tender Green-house plant; and will not flower, in perfection, without
the assistance of the Hot-house. It loses its foliage after flowering,
and remains in a state of inaction for at least three months; during
which period, it should be watered but seldom, and that sparingly. To
propagate it, the only mode is, by cutting small portions of the root
off, and putting them into the strong heat of a hot-bed, about the month
of March; as hitherto, it has not perfected any seeds with us, and the
plant produces no branch, except the flower-stem may be so denominated.
Our drawing was made from the Clapham Collection, in July, this year.
This species has been considered by Professor Martyn, (see his edition
of Mill. Dict. article Pelargonium 2.) as the same with G. pinnatum, and
G. prolificum of Linn. Sp. Plan. But, however, the specific characters
in Linnæus, of those species, may agree with our figure, the G.
Astragalifolium of Jacquin and Cavanilles, they are, unquestionably, all
different plants; drawings of the two former we have, and will be given
in due course.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCI.
PLATYLOBIUM SCOLOPENDRUM.
_Scolopendra-like stemmed Flat-Pea._
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads in two Sets. Ten Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium, campanulatum quinquedentatum; laciniis tribus
inferioribus acutis, patentibus; duabus supremis maximis, obtusis,
obovatis, vexillo adpressis.
COROLLA papilionacea.
_Vexillum_, obcordatum, emarginatum, erectum, maximum.
_Alæ_ vexillo breviores, obtusæ, semi-obcordatæ, basi denticulatæ.
_Carina_ obtusa, compressa, longitudine et figura alarum.
STAMINA filamenta decem, coalita in vaginam, supra semifissam, apice
libera, æqualia, assurentia. Antheræ subrotundæ, versatiles.
PISTILLUM. Germen lineare, pilosum. Stylus incurvatus, glaber. Stigma
simplex.
PERICARPIUM. Legumen pedicellatum, compressum, obtusum, mucronatum,
uniloculare, dorso alatum.
SEMINA, plurima, compressa, reniformia.
EMPALEMENT. Cup bell-shaped, five-toothed; the three lower segments
pointed, spreading; the two upper very large, obtuse, pressed to the
standard.
BLOSSOM butterfly-shaped.
_Standard_, inversely heart-shaped, notched at the end, upright, very
large.
_Wings_ shorter than the standard, obtuse, half inversely heart-shaped,
toothed at the base.
_Keel_, obtuse, flattened, the length and shape of the wings.
CHIVES. Ten threads, united into a sheath, half cleft on the upper side,
separate at the top, equal and turned upwards. Tips roundish, versatile.
POINTAL. Seed-bud linear, hairy. Shaft turned inwards, smooth. Summit
simple.
SEED-VESSEL. Pod with a footstalk, flattened, obtuse, with a small
point, one-celled, winged along the back.
SEEDS many, flattened, kidney-shape.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Platylobium foliis ovatis, glabris; ramis ramulisque compressis, alatis,
margine, cicatrisatis, floribus solitariis.
Flat-pea with egg-shaped smooth leaves, larger and smaller branches
flat, winged and hatched at the edges; flowers solitary.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, natural size.
2. The Standard of the blossom.
3. One of the Wings of the blossom.
4. The two petals of the Keel.
5. The Chives and Pointal, with part of the cup, magnified.
6. The Seed-bud magnified.
This Genus of plants was first named by Dr. Smith, in the Linn. Trans.
Vol. II. 350, from the P. formosum, which he afterwards figured in the
New-Holland specimens, Tab. VI. Our species was introduced, to Britain,
in the year 1792, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy. It is a hardy greenhouse
plant; but has not, hitherto, been increased in this country. It must be
planted in very sandy peat earth, and not much watered, in winter, as
too much wet is apt to destroy it. The young branches, which in the old
plant appear much more like leaves, (as seldom any leaves are produced
from the upper part of the plant, after a certain age,) are very tender;
but in time become as tough as leather, and are almost equally pliable.
Our drawing was taken in May 1799, from a plant, we believe, the first
that flowered in England, in the Hibbertian Collection.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCII.
ANTHOLYZA FULGENS.
_Refulgent-flowered Antholyza._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA tubulosa, irregularis, recurvata. Capsula infera.
BLOSSOM tubular, irregular and bent backward. Capsule beneath.
See ANTHOLYZA RINGENS, Pl. XXXII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Antholyza floribus tubiformibus, curvatis, coccineis, fulgentibus;
laciniis corollæ maximis, patentibus; foliis longissimis, glabris, basi
attenuatis.
Antholyza with trumpet-shaped flowers, curved, scarlet, and refulgent;
the segments of the blossom very large, spreading; leaves very long,
smooth, and tapered at the base.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Part of a Leaf, cut from the upper part.
2. The two sheaths of the Empalement.
3. The Flower cut open, with the chives attached.
4. The Pointal and Seed-bud; one of the summits detached and magnified.
This most beautiful genus does not possess amongst its numerous species,
(drawings of twenty-two of which we have) a rival to A. fulgens;
whether, for the size of the plant, which grows to the height of three
feet, or the extreme brilliancy of its blossoms, which frequently make a
spike near a foot in length. The roots should not be taken from the
pots, but shifted into fresh earth annually, which may be a composition
of half sandy peat, and half loam, as the leaves do not decay, until
fresh ones are produced. Our figure was taken at the Hammersmith
Nursery, in May 1800, to which it was first brought, from the Cape of
Good Hope, in 1792. It increases by the root.
In a cotemporary, and something similar publication to our own, we were
sorry to observe, a rising itch to do away, what, under the conduct of
its original scientific proprietor, was allowed by all, to constitute
its chief merit and utility; especially to those, “_who wish to become
scientifically acquainted with the plants they cultivate_.” The late Mr.
Curtis, pursuing the path he planned, with rigour, to prevent confusion,
and avoid as much as possible the greatest difficulty of the science;
seldom altered a commonly known, or established name; unless absolutely
necessary to systematic arrangement. We were naturally led to these
obvious observations, from the hints thrown out in the last Number of
the Bot. Mag. in which, the A. tubulosa of all the collections, which
possess the plant, and so named and figured by us, in the preceding
Number of the Botanists Repository, has a new generic and specific
title; and in which a gentleman “_with INFINITE skill_” of the name of
Gawler, the acknowledged father of the innovation, is spoken of as
qualified to scrutinize and rectify the “_errors, false synonims, and
blunders upon blunders, which have from carelessness_, &c.” crept into
the, of course, insignificant labours of a Linnæus, a Jacquin, a
Thunberg, a Willdenow, or a Curtis. It may perhaps be an acquisition to
the science, that, since such confusion prevails amongst “_the most
learned Botanists_,” from their “_acknowledged inability to determine
those plants_;” which, nevertheless, they have all foolishly attempted
to do, we have one at last, whose “_scrutinizing_” eye “_has been able
to make out all Linnæus’s and even Thunberg’s species_.” This
elucidation, of so intricate a subject, by a person whose knowledge of
living plants, we fear, does not lead him, scarcely, to an
acquaintanceship with the difference of face in a Plane from a Poplar,
must be matter of infinite moment, to those, “_who wish to become
acquainted with the plants they cultivate_;” and the small trouble, to
most persons, of learning new, and ousting the old names for plants,
which have been long rivetted to the memory by habitual use, will be
amply compensated, by the pleasure of novelty, which must necessarily
result, from the certain alteration in some part of the title, of every
plant which has hitherto, or is to come under, this learned judge’s
dictatorial fiat. Our opinions, as do our labours, run counter to these
new fashions, of rendering a difficult science easy; and our road must
still be in the old track of the trifler Linnæus.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCIII.
GERANIUM LINEARE.
_Linear-petalled Geranium_.
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque.
FRUCTUS rostratus, 5-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five Summits.
FRUIT furnished with long awns; five dry berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
GERANIUM foliis lanceolatis, obtusis, subsinuatis; petalis subæqualibus,
linearibus; floribus pentandris; radice tuberosa.
GERANIUM with leaves lance-shaped, obtuse, and a little scolloped at the
edges; petals nearly equal, linear; flowers with five fertile chives;
root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement cut open, to shew its hollow structure.
2. The Chives and Pointal natural size.
3. The Chives spread open, magnified.
4. The Pointal, magnified.
This is another of those curious tuberous Geraniums, which have been
introduced to this country, by Mr. Niven; who was sent to the Cape of
Good Hope by G. Hibbert, Esq. for the sole purpose of enriching his
Gardens and Herbarium, (now, we presume, the first in Europe) with the
vegetable productions of that country. It has no apparent difference, in
habit, to require any other treatment than has been mentioned in the
former part of this work, as necessary to the rest of its congeners. Our
drawing was taken, from the Clapham Collection, in July 1801; the roots
having been received the preceding autumn.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCIV.
HEMEROCALLIS ALBA.
_White Day-Lily._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA campanulata; tubo cylindrico. Stamina declinata.
BLOSSOM bell-shaped; tube cylindrical. Chives declining.
See HEMEROCALLIS CÆRULEA, Pl. VI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hemerocallis foliis cordatis, petiolatis; corolla alba, tubo longissimo.
Day-Lily with heart-shaped leaves that have foot-stalks; blossom white,
tube very long.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Chives and Pointal, as they are placed in the flower.
2. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit.
3. A ripe Seed-vessel of its natural size.
4. The Seed-vessel cut transversely, to shew the situation and number of
the cells and valves.
5. A ripe Seed, natural size.
The White Day-Lily is from the same country, and of the same date in our
gardens, as the Blue; figured in the First Vol. Pl. VI. and was
introduced through the same medium. It is herbaceous, and generally
flowers, if kept in the hot-house, about August; having that true and
constant character of the genus, and from which it had its name, the
producing but one solitary, perfect flower, per diem, till all the
blossoms on the spike are exhausted; which, in this species, are much
more abundant than in any of the others. It is increased by the root or
seed.
This plant, we presume, is the same as those specified under the
different titles of Lilium Longiflorum, and L. Japonicum, in Willdenow’s
new edition of the Species Plant.; the L. candidum, and L. Japonicum, of
Thunberg’s Japan; and the L. Longiflorum of the Linn. Trans. Vol. II. P.
333. The Hemerocallis formerly figured by us, under the specific title
of Cærulea, we take to be, the Hemerocallis Japonica, and Lilium
Cordifolium of Willdenow; the H. Cordata of Thunberg’s Japan; and the
Hemerocallis Japonica, and Lilium Cordifolium of the Linn. Trans. Vol.
II. p. 332. Willdenow, who had never seen even dried specimens of the
plants in question, has hence been led to place the same plant, under
different genera; and to consider the Hemerocallis of the Botanists
Repository, as only a variety of H. Japonica, but still admitting it as
an Hemerocallis. Now, as we have no doubt, (nor do we think any one can,
that will take the trouble to examine the dissections given with each
figure,) that if the one is an Hemerocallis, the other must be admitted
of the same family; so, have we made no scruple in rejecting the generic
name of Lilium, for the present plant; although we would gladly have
adopted the specific one of Longiflora, had not that of Alba, already
obtained so generally in our gardens; a rule, for our direction,
paramount to all others as to specific denomination.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCV.
HYPOXIS OBLIQUA.
_Oblique-leaved Hypoxis._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sex-partita, persistens, supera. Capsula basi angustior. Spatha
bivalvis.
BLOSSOM six-parted, remaining, above. Capsule narrower at the base.
Sheath two-valved.
See HYPOXIS STELLATA. Pl. CI. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hypoxis scapo subtrifloro, piloso, longitudine foliorum; pedunculis
flore triplo longioribus; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, oblique flexis,
glabris; radice fibrosa.
Hypoxis with mostly three flowers on the stem, which is hairy, the
length of the leaves; foot-stalks three times the length of the flower;
leaves linearly lance-shaped, obliquely bent downward, smooth; root
fibrous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Petal of the Blossom, with its Chive, as attached to its base.
2. The Seed-bud, on its foot-stalk, with a part of the tube of the
blossom, to which the Chives are fixed.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, magnified.
This species of Hypoxis is from the Cape of Good Hope; and, we believe,
solely in the possession of G. Hibbert, Esq. Clapham; from whose
collection our drawing was made, in June, this year, 1801. It appears to
be a hardy green-house plant; but, is certainly more curious than
handsome, and, from its general character, we should judge the
propagation would be from the root.
Professor Jacquin has given the Hypoxis Obliqua in his Icones Plantarum
Rariorum, 2. t. 371; and in his Supplement to the Collectanea, 54; but,
we must suppose from a more vigorous specimen than ours; as, the
appearance of a woolly character, at the margin of the leaves, was not
to be traced in our plant, although every other part is exact.
Wherefore, we have retained his name, though we have rejected the latter
part of his specific character, to introduce one, which we consider, of
more consequence, as opposed to those with bulbous roots, this being
fibrous.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCVI.
IXIA MACULATA.
_Spotted-flowered Ixia._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, patens, æqualis.
STAMINA tria, erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM 6 petals, spreading, equal.
CHIVES three, upright, spreading.
See IXIA REFLEXA, Pl. XIV. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliis ensiformibus, glabris, scapo duplo brevioribus; floribus
alternis, sub-spicatis; petalis basi obscuris, ovatis, concavis;
stigmatibus bifidis.
Ixia with sword-shaped, smooth leaves, half the length of the
flower-stem; flowers alternate, rather spiked; petals dark at the base,
egg-shaped and concave; summits two-cleft.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two valves of the Empalement.
2. A Flower cut and spread open, with the Chives in their natural
station.
3. The Pointal complete, with one of the Summits detached and magnified.
This Ixia has been long cultivated in Britain, so says Millar, &c. but,
till within these few years, we have not seen it in our gardens; perhaps
it has been (like many others) lost to us, and recently introduced with
the multitude of other species, which now decorate our green-houses;
either from the Cape of Good Hope or Holland. It is one of the most
desirable of the genus, from the length of time it continues in flower;
which is, at least a month, from the first flowers beginning to expand.
It increases by the bulb, and is to be cultivated as other common Ixias.
Flowers in May or June.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCVII.
NYMPHÆA CŒRULEA.
_Blue Water-Lily._
CLASS XIII. ORDER I.
_POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Many Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium inferum, tetraphyllum, magnum, supra coloratum,
persistens.
COROLLA. Petala numerosa (quindecem sæpe,) germinis lateri insidentia,
serie plus quam simplici.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa (septuaginta sæpe,) plana, curva, obtusa,
brevia. Antheræ oblongæ, filamentorum margini adnatæ.