planum, peltato-sessile, radiis notatum, margine crenatum, persistens.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca dura, ovata, carnosa, rudis, collo angustata apice
coronata, multilocularis (decem ad quindecem loculis,) pulpa plena.
SEMINA plurima, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup beneath, four leaved, large, coloured above, permanent.
BLOSSOM. Petals numerous (often fifteen,) placed on the side of the
seed-bud, in more than one row.
CHIVES. Threads numerous (often seventy,) flat, curved, blunt, short.
Tips oblong, fixed to the margin of the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud egg-shaped, large. Shaft, none. Summit round, flat,
central, sitting, marked in rays, scolloped at the edge, remaining.
SEED-VESSEL. Berry hard, egg-shaped, fleshy, rough, narrowed at the
neck, crowned at the top, many-celled (from ten to fifteen cells,) full
of pulp.
SEEDS many, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Nymphæa foliis cordato-orbiculatis, senioribus crenatis, lobis acutis
imbricatis, acuminatis; petalis acutis, lanceolatis, cæruleis.
Nymphæa with between heart-shaped and round leaves, the old ones
scolloped, lobes sharp, tiled, and tapered; petals sharp, lance-shaped,
and blue.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Chive.
2. The Seed-bud and Summit.
3. The Seed-bud, cut transversely, to shew the number of cells.
Amongst aquatic or water plants, the Nymphæas are undoubtedly the most
desirable in cultivation; although, we should agree to the exclusion of
N. Nelumbo, &c. now forming a distinct genus in the Sp. Plant. of
Willdenow; taken from Usteri’s Ed. of Jussieu’s Gen. Plant. classed from
the natural characters, under the title of Nelumbium’s. This plant may
be kept in the green-house, or hot-house, in a large tub filled with
water and a small portion of mud at the bottom. It propagates by the
root, and the flowers, which are extremely fragrant, are produced in
August, in which month, this year, our drawing was made, from a large
plant in the Hibbertian collection; but, from an omission in the figure,
we were obliged to finish the plate from a plant, in the collection of
J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, still in flower, the beginning of
October. The leaves of this species are most beautifully scolloped, and
near a foot in diameter; but the indentitions are scarcely to be
perceived in the younger; one of which, as we could not introduce the
larger, is shewn on the plate of the natural size.
It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced to the Royal
Gardens, Kew, by Mr. F. Masson, about the year 1792.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCVIII.
BAUERA RUBIOIDES.
_Three-leaved Bauera._
CLASS XIII. ORDER II.
_POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA._ Many Chives. Two Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium octophyllum, foliolis persistentibus, acuminatis,
reflexis, dentatis.
COROLLA. Petala octo, ovata, concava, patentia, æqualia, calyce majora.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, capillaria, corolla breviora, receptaculo
inserta. Antheræ latiusculæ, obtusæ, erectæ.
PISTILLA. Germen subovatum, villosum. Styli duo, filiformes, longi,
apice curvati. Stigmata simplicia.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, pilosa, apice dehiscens, bilocularis,
bivalvis.
SEMINA plurima, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup eight-leaved, remaining, leaflets tapered, reflexed, and
toothed.
BLOSSOM. Eight petals, egg-shaped, concave, spreading, equal, larger
than the cup.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, hair-like, shorter than the blossom, fixed
into the receptacle. Tips broadish, obtuse and erect.
POINTALS. Seed-bud nearly egg-shaped, hairy. Shafts two, thread-shaped,
long, curved at the ends. Summits simple.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, hairy, splitting at the top, two cells,
two valves.
SEEDS many, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Bauera foliis ternatis, apice dentatis, sessilibus, oppositis.
Bauera with leaves composed of three leaflets, toothed at the point,
growing close to the stem, and opposite.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, with the Chives and Pointal.
2. The Chives and Pointal magnified.
3. The Empalement, Seed-bud, Shafts, and Summits, magnified.
4. The Seed-bud cut transversely, with the seeds in the cells,
magnified.
This handsome shrub, a native of Port Jackson, New Holland, was first
raised at the seat of the Hon. the Marchioness of Rockingham,
Hillingdon, Middlesex, in the year 1793; and, from a plant, in the
conservatory, still in flower, this present month November, our drawing
was made, at the Nursery, Hammersmith. It is hardy, although delicate in
structure, and flourishes in the green-house. The stem of the plant from
which our figure was taken, although the oldest in the kingdom, and near
six feet high, is scarce the thickness of a quill at the base, therefore
must be supported. The young shoots and leaves are covered with a slight
pile; the smaller branches stand out at right angles, proceeding from
the insertion of the leaves, and the whole plant has, at first sight,
much the appearance of a Rubus. It is propagated by cuttings, made in
the month of March, and put under a small bell-glass on the heat of a
hot-bed; the cuttings should be from the extreme ends of the young
shoots. Sir J. Banks, Bart. P. R. S. &c. from whose natural genius and
love for the science, and by whose fostering and liberal hand to promote
it, the study of Botany has become so general a taste; has named this
genus, in honour of two most eminent Botanical painters, of the name of
Bauer, natives of Germany, and brothers. The one, now under the
immediate patronage of Sir Joseph, as Botanical Painter to his Majesty
at Kew; well known for his superb and excellent coloured engravings of
Heaths, &c. in large folio. The younger considered no less able, engaged
under the same influence, with the other artists, &c. who are now upon
the last expedition for discovery to the South Sea; but not equally
known to Botanists, as the person who accompanied the late Dr.
Sibthorpe, on his voyages through Greece; and whose pencil has produced
all those drawings, designed to decorate and illustrate the famous Flora
Græca, preparing for the public, under the auspices of the intelligent
Dr. Smith, P. L. S. &c. &c.
[Illustration]
PLATE CXCIX.
CAMELLIA JAPONICA. _Var. flo. rubro pleno._
_Double red Camellia._
CLASS XVI. ORDER VI. _of Schreber’s 6th edit. of Gen. Plant._
_MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ Threads united. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX imbricatus, polyphyllus; foliolis interioribus majoribus.
EMPALEMENT tiled, many-leaved; the inner leaflets the largest.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF VARIETY.
Camellia foliis senioribus basi attenuatis, junioribus rubentibus;
petalis interioribus divaricato-erectis; floribus plenis, rubris.
Camellia with the older leaves tapered at the base, the younger ones
reddish; the inner petals stand upright spreading different ways;
flowers double and red.
Again have we to call upon the indulgence of our Botanical friends for
their sufferance, in a third intrusion on the forms of our own
prescription. But, as we had given the two other varieties of this fine
plant; and taking it for granted, by judging from our own feelings, that
a figure of this very scarce variety would be agreeable to most; that
they might be (by comparison) able to decide upon the difference which
does exist, but has been denied by many, between this, and the Striped
Var.; see our figure, Vol. II. Pl. XCI. It has been thought by most, who
have not seen this plant; that it was but the Striped Var. which had
lost its variegation. This is certainly not the case; for, it stands as
distinct from the Striped, as from the White variety; which may be
readily traced, either from the plants themselves, or our figures; by
comparing the specific, or rather differing character we have assigned
to each. The Double red Camellia was introduced about the year 1794 from
China, by R. Preston, Esq. Woodford, Essex.
The largest plant now in Europe, of this variety, is in the select and
most valuable collection of the Hon. T. Greville, Esq. Paddington,
imported, last year, from China in the highest perfection. It is
propagated by cuttings, or layers; and delights in a light, sandy loam;
with about one-third of the pot, from the bottom, filled with peat
earth. It flowers from November, till February, in the Hothouse; or from
January, till April, if kept in the Green-house. Our figure was taken,
in November, this year, at the Hammersmith Nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CC.
MELALEUCA HYPERICIFOLIA.
_St. John’s-wort-leaved Melaleuca._
CLASS XVIII. ORDER IV.
_POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ Threads in many Sets. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX quinquefidus, semisuperus. Petals quinque. Filamenta multa,
longissima, connata in quinque corpora. Pistillum unum. Capsula
trilocularis.
CUP five-cleft, half above. Petals five. Threads numerous, very long,
united into five bodies. Pointal one. Capsule three-celled.
See MELALEUCA ERICÆFOLIA, Pl. CLXXV. Vol. III.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Melaleuca foliis oppositis, eliptico-oblongis, uninerviis; floribus
consertis; filamentis longissimis, linearibus, apice radiato-multifidis.
Melaleuca with opposite leaves, eliptic-oblong, one-nerved; flowers
clustered; threads very long, linear, rayed and many-cleft at the top.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower, natural size.
2. One of the five bundles of Chives, with its petal, to which it is
attached at the base, magnified.
3. The cup, seed-bud, shaft and summit, natural size, the summit
detached and magnified.
About the year 1792 this plant was first raised from seeds, by the late
Mr. William Malcolm, Nurseryman, at Stockwell, Surry; and was, from the
very great resemblance it bears to the St. John’s-worts, so denominated,
until it flowered. It has now become one of the commonest, of what are
generally termed, Botany Bay plants; yet unquestionably ranks with the
handsomest whether for its foliage, form of growth, or flowers, which
are of a most beautiful red-purple, scarcely to be imitated in painting.
The singular manner in which the flower-stem is thrown out, as it were,
from the old wood, in a horizontal direction, is common to many other
species of the Genus. It grows to the height of four or five feet, very
erect in every part; is easily increased by cuttings, and thrives best
in peat earth. Although it is said to grow in swampy grounds in New
South Wales, see Linnæan Transactions, Vol. III. p. 279, nevertheless,
with us, a dry, or damp situation in the green-house, appears equally
congenial to it. In the month of September 1799, our drawing was taken
at the Conservatory of R. James, Esq. Grosvenor Place.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCI.
AIZOON CANARIENSE.
_Purslane-leaved Aizoon._
CLASS XII. ORDER IV.
_ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, quinquepartitum; laciniis lanceolatis,
persistentibus.
COROLLA nulla.
STAMINA. Filamenta plurima, capillaria, sinui calycis per phalanges in
serta. Antheræ simplices.
PISTILLA. Germen pentagonum, superum. Stili quinque, simplices. Stigmata
simplicia.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula ventricosa, retusa, pentagona, quinquelocularis,
quinque valvis.
SEMINA plura, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, five-parted; segments lance-shaped, remaining.
BLOSSOM none.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, hair-like, inserted into the hollow part of
the cup in bunches. Tips simple.
POINTALS. Seed-bud five-sided, above. Shafts five, simple. Summits
simple.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule bellied, dented, five-sided, five-celled,
five-valved.
SEEDS many, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Aizoon foliis cuneiformi-ovatis; floribus solitariis, subsessilibus,
axillaribus.
Aizoon with leaves between wedge and egg-shaped; flowers solitary,
growing almost close to the stem from the insertion of the leaves.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement shewn from the inside.
2. The same shewn from the outside.
3. A Chive magnified.
4. The Pointals natural size.
5. The same, magnified.
This plant is herbaceous, and is found near the sea coast, in most parts
of the world, within the tropics. It has a character common to many
Genera of the natural order of succulents, such as Mesembryanthemum,
Crassula, &c. that of an indeterminate number of pointals; which, in
this genus, extend from three, to five, on different plants; this
circumstance not having been sufficiently attended to has unfortunately
occasioned some confusion. Brown in his Natural History of Jamaica has
described it as growing on that Island, and with five pointals,
therefore placed it to its right genus. Plumier, Sloane, &c. treated it
as Portulaca, to which, as the genus now stands, it in no way affines.
Læfling in his Iter Hispanicum, published in 1758, having found the
plant in Spain with three pointals, immediately placed it to another
genus, Halimum; upon whose authority, corroborated by Jacquin, (who
acknowledges a variation in the number of pointals, on different plants,
found in the different Caribee Islands,) Linnæus took up the plant, said
to have but three pointals, under the title Sesuvium. As to the plant
said to be cultivated by Miller in the Hort. Kew: under the last named
genus, we have no difficulty in referring that, to the Aizoon canariense
of the same work; as the time of flowering not being noticed, the
distinction of character could not be observed, and the genus
introduced, taken upon the _gratis dictum_ of Miller. Burmann, in his
Ed: of Rumphius’s plants of Amboyna, has it as Halimus; and Plukenet as
Portulaca from East Indian specimens; with numbers of other Botanists
from different parts; as Ægypt, the Canary Islands, &c. &c. under
different names.
Seeds received from Spain of our plant were sown by Mr. Anderson in
1798, at the gardens of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore; since which time,
it has annually died to the ground, about November, and re-appeared in
Spring; from this circumstance, the great delicacy of the plant, and
having been treated as an annual, it has been repeatedly lost to this
country; though so constantly introduced, in almost every parcel of
seeds which arrives from either the East or West Indies. It may be
increased by cuttings made early in the year, and put in a hot-bed to
accelerate their growth, and should be planted in rich loamy earth. It
flowers from July till September. To preserve it more than one year, it
must be kept in the hot-house.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCII.
SAMYDA SERRULATA.
_Sawed-leaved Samyda._
CLASS X. ORDER I.
_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, interne coloratum; tubus campanulatus,
decemstriatus; limbus quinquefidus, laciniis ovatis planis,
patentissimis, obtusis, duabus acumine auctis.
COROLLA nulla.
_Nectarium_ monophyllum, conicum, truncatum, decemstriatum, longitudine
fere calycis, ejusque limbo ad bann insertum, ore obtuse 10 ad
18-dentato.
STAMINA. Filamenta nulla. Antheræ decem ad octo-decem, oblongæ, erectæ,
parvæ, dentibus nectarii insidentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen ovatum. Stylus subulatus, erectus, longitudine
nectarii. Stigma capitatum, obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, quadrisulcata, coriacea, crassa,
unilocularis, quadrivalvis.
SEMINA plurima, subovata, obtusa, basi foraminulo notata, valvulis
affixa, obvoluta pellicula pulposa.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, coloured within; tube bell-shaped,
ten-striped; border five-cleft, segments egg-shaped, smooth, very much
spread, obtuse, two lengthened by a pointed end.
BLOSSOM none.
_Honey-cup_, one leaf, conical, appearing cut off, ten-striped, nearly
the length of the cup and fixed to it at the base of the border,
obtusely from 10 to 18-toothed at the mouth.
CHIVES. Threads none. Tips from 10 to 18, oblong, upright, small, fixed
to the teeth of honey-cup.
POINTAL. Seed-bud egg-shaped. Shaft awl-shaped, upright, the length of
the honey-cup. Summit headed, blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, four-furrowed, leathery, thick,
one-celled, four valves.
SEEDS many, nearly egg-shaped, blunt, marked with a small hole at the
base, fixed to the valves, surrounded with a slight pulpy skin.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Samyda floribus roseis, dodecandris; foliis ovato-oblongis, serrulatis.
Samyda with rosy coloured flowers having twelve chives; leaves between
egg-shaped and oblong, slightly sawed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, with its honey-cup, and the tips, cut and spread
open.
2. The Pointal and seed-bud natural size, the summit detached and
magnified.
3. The Seed-bud cut transversely and magnified, to shew the number of
valves and situation of the seeds.
The Sawed-leaved Samyda is an inhabitant of most of the West India
Islands, but was received in England, about the year 1795, from the
Island of St. Vincent; transmitted from thence, by Mr. Anderson, curator
of the Botanic garden, originally established there, under the sanction
of our government, by Dr. Young. It is a very tender plant, grows to
about three feet in height, making but few small branches, and rather
weak in the stem. Our drawing was taken in July this year at the garden
of T. Evans, Esq. Stepney, who we believe first had it to flower in this
kingdom. It is propagated by cuttings; must be kept in the bark-bed of
the hot-house, and should be planted in very rich mould.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCIII.
IXIA COLUMNARIS.
_Columnar-chived Ixia._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, patens, æqualis.
STIGMATA tria, erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM 6 petals, spreading, equal.
SUMMITS three, upright-spreading.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia filamentis basi cohærentibus, floribus capitatis; corollis
purpureis.
Ixia with threads united at the base; flowers grow in heads; blossoms
purple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two Valves of the empalement.
2. A Blossom cut open.
3. The Chives and Pointal, with the tube of the blossom, the border cut
off.
4. The Chives cut and spread open, with the tube of the blossom,
magnified.
5. The Pointal and Seed-bud, with one of the Summits detached and
magnified.
Here we have a plant which presents one of those obstacles, constantly
met, in all attempts to a systematic arrangement of the productions of
nature. Every feature of Ixia we find positively expressed, but in the
unison of the Threads; a circumstance, which Linnæus in his system,
always deemed of such singular moment, that a number of Genera have been
formed, from this natural order of plants, hinging on this only
character.
But, as this plant has been named, and accurately described by Mr.
Salisbury, in the Prodromus to his garden 36. n. 18; and continued, from
him, by Professor Martyn, in his Edit. of Miller’s Dict. article Ixia,
50; in the following therefore such superiour judgments to our own, we
have thought it proper, not to make any alteration; and in consequence,
have retained his Generic and Specific title. The extreme brilliance of
the flowers of Ixia Columnaris, pervading all the varieties, (of which
we have drawings of 6,) is not exceeded by any in the whole Genus; they
generally, are not longer expanded than for about four hours, and that
only under a hot sun; from about eight, till twelve o’clock; when they
close for the day; but nevertheless they have a permanence not usual in
Ixias, as the same blossoms will open diurnally for above a week. It is
a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and came first to England, by the way
of Holland, about the year 1794. It flowers in June and July, amongst
the latest of the tribe, and increases by the root in abundance. Our
figure was taken at the Hammersmith Nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCIV.
GERANIUM LACINIATUM. _Var. flore purpureo._
_Ragged-leaved Geranium._ _Purple flowered Variety._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque.
FRUCTUS rostratus, penta-coccus.
One POINTAL. Five summits.
FRUIT furnished with long awns; five dry berries.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
GERANIUM foliis radicalibus, integris laciniatisque, petiolis
filiformibus; calycibus monophillis; staminibus quinque fertilibus;
radice tuberosa; floribus purpureis.
GERANIUM with leaves growing from the root, entire and jagged,
footstalks thread-shaped; cups one-leaved; five fertile chives; root
tuberous; flowers purple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement magnified.
2. The Chives spread open.
3. The Pointal and seed-bud magnified.
This very handsome variety, (for we cannot consider it as a species,) of
the Geranium laciniatum, was imported in 1800, from the Cape of Good
Hope, by G. Hibbert Esq.; in whose collection it flowered, last year, in
the month of June, when our drawing was taken; and we believe it is in
no other at present in this kingdom. Mr. Allen, under whose care that
collection is preserved in such high order and perfection, and to whose
kind communications, we are much indebted; informs us, that he has not,
as yet, been able to increase it; but, from every appearance, the plant,
he has no doubt, may, by the root, as are the other species which have
the tuberous character; and that he did not treat it differently from
the rest of the Geraniums which compose this branch of that interesting
family.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCV.
PLATYLOBIUM LANCEOLATUM.
_Lance-shaped-leaved Flat-pea._
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Chives in two Sets. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX campanulatus, quinquesidus; laciniis duabus supremis maximis,
obtusis. Stamina omnia coalita. Legumen pedicellatum, compressum, dorso
alatum; polyspermum.
CUP bell-shaped, five-cleft; the two upper segments very large and
obtuse. Chives all united. Pod on a footstalk, compressed, winged along
the back; many seeded.
See Plate CXCI. Vol. III. PLATYLOBIUM SCOLOPENDRUM.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Platylobium foliis glaberrimis, distichis, lineari-lanceolatis; floribus
solitariis, axillaribus; ramis junioribus sub-compressis.
Flat-Pea with very smooth leaves pointing opposite ways, linear-lance
shaped; flowers grow solitary from the lower part of the leaves close to
the branches; the younger branches are rather flatish.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement of the flower.
2. The Standard, or upper petal of the blossom.
3. One of the Wings, or side petals of the blossom.
4. The two lower Petals, or keel of the blossom.
5. The Chives, natural size.
6. The same, magnified.
7. The Seed-bud, natural size.
8. The same magnified, but rather more mature.