I. is the form of ornamentation known as a semis, that is to
say, a powdering all over the field of small stamps arranged
symmetrically near together. The commonest of these small
stamps show stars, flaming hearts, ermine spots, roses,
thistles, pineapples, tridents, fleurs-de-lys, and lions,
but there are several others. Another characteristic is the
presence of large corner stamps. These are cut in arabesque
designs, and many of them are very handsome. The idea of corner
ornamentation of this sort began late in Queen Elizabeth's
reign, but it did not reach its highest excellence in stamp
form until well into the reign of James I.
James I. was the first sovereign to have his books mainly
bound in morocco, and this leather is found in most quiet
colours--greens and browns and blues, but not red. Several
beautiful volumes are also bound in vellum, and others in
velvet and satin. The Jacobean period was a decorative one, but
not one of the highest level of the art of bookbinding. The
greater number of James I.'s books came to the British Museum
by gift of George II. in 1757, with the rest of the Old Royal
Library of England.
[Illustration]
JAMES II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quartered.
1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly, France and England.
2nd grand quarter, Scotland.
3rd grand quarter, Ireland.
As used by James I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--A Royal crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or,
crowned ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.
_Supporters._--A lion and a unicorn as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--DIEV ET MON DROIT.
Used from 1685 until 1689, when James II. was deposed.
[_Ordnance Rules._ 1683-1685. Stowe MS. 442.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Used in France from 1689 until 1701.
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th, England.
2nd, Scotland.
3rd, Ireland.
Colours as used by James I. (q.v.). Ensigned with the Royal Crown, and
between two palm branches.
In this coat James has left out the coat of France, probably out of
courtesy to the French King, Louis XIV., who had given him asylum at
St. Germains. It is remarkable that this coat-of-arms subsequently
became that used by Queen Victoria in 1837.
[_La Renommée qui publie le Bonheur de l'Europe sous le regne
de Jacques ... Roy de la Grande Bretagne._ 1688.]
[E. Almack, Esq., F.S.A., Brighton.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Within the Garter. Used in France from 1689 until 1701. The
same curious coat-of-arms as in the preceding plate.
[_Traité des obligations des Chrétiens._ Paris, 1699.]
[E. Almack, Esq., F.S.A., Brighton.]
[Illustration]
Used as Duke of York.
_Initials._--J. D. (Jacobus Dux). Ensigned with a princely coronet, and
within two palm branches.
This cypher occurs in corners of books, and it appears to have been
designed so that either the D or the J is always properly visible. It
is found in conjunction with the two C's of Charles II., which also
show clearly either way up.
[_Ser. Jacobi Stuarti et Mariae Beatricis Estiae ...
epithalamium._ Londini, 1673.]
James, Duke of York (born 14th October 1633, died 16th
September 1701), was the second son of Charles I. He succeeded
his brother Charles II. in 1685. James II. had a short
and troubled reign, chiefly because he had Roman Catholic
tendencies, and ultimately joined that faith. The feeling
in favour of Protestantism in England was very determined,
and the nation ultimately invited William, Prince of Orange,
who had married James's elder daughter Mary and was a strong
Protestant, to come and accept the throne. This he did, and in
1689 James was deposed and William became King in his stead.
James fled to France where he lived for the rest of his life,
and the book-stamps that he had made at this time do not
include the French coat. He was known as the Duke of York,
but nevertheless his book-stamps show a Royal Crown. James's
second wife, Mary of Modena, was a Roman Catholic and strongly
influenced his views. He died at St. Germains, Paris, at the
age of seventy.
[Illustration]
JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD, PRINCE OF WALES
_Arms._--Quartered.
1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly, France and England.
2nd grand quarter, Scotland.
3rd grand quarter, Ireland.
As used by James I. (q.v.). Ensigned with a princely coronet.
_Note._--A foreign stamp.
[GERVAISE. _La vie de Saint Martin, Evêque de Tours._
Tours, 1699.]
James Francis Edward (born 10th June 1688, died 1st January
1766) was the eldest son of James II. and his second wife,
Mary of Modena. He was born before his father became King of
England. Prince James, who is known as the Old Pretender in
distinction to his son Charles Edward, the Young Pretender,
is also known as the Chevalier St. George. His history is an
unhappy one from his birth. On his father's death in 1701 at
St. Germains he was proclaimed James III. of England and VIII.
of Scotland, but by the Act of Settlement made in the same
year the Stuarts were cut out of the succession to the English
throne.
The Chevalier St. George spent his life in fruitless endeavours
to make good his claim to the English throne. His character
appears to have been wanting in most of the qualities that
make for success, and towards the latter part of his life his
misfortunes so preyed upon him that he gave way to unworthy
dissipations.
[Illustration]
KEMP, THOMAS READ
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., 3 garbs within a bordure engrailed or.
_Kempe._
2nd and 3rd; sa., 3 crescents arg., 2 and 1. _Read._
[_Alliances généalogiques de France._ Paris, 1561.]
Thomas Read Kemp (born c. 1781, died 20th December 1844)
was the son of Thomas Kemp, Member of Parliament for Lewes,
who married Ann Read of Brookland. Mr. Kemp was educated at
Cambridge, and in 1811 he represented Lewes in the House of
Commons. He sold his castles at Lewes and at Hurstmonceaux
and built largely near Brighton, where the district known as
Kemp Town was founded by him. He spent all his fortune in this
speculation, which, however, in time became of great value.
The family of Kemp or Kempe is one of great antiquity in Kent.
John Kempe, Archbishop of Canterbury in the fifteenth century,
and his nephew Thomas Kempe, Bishop of London, both belonged
to it. The immediate ancestor of Mr. T. R. Kemp was Sir Thomas
Kempe of Olantigh, near Ashford, an estate which had belonged
to the family since the time of Edward I.
[Illustration]
KER, JOHN, THIRD DUKE OF ROXBURGHE
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; vert., on a chevron between 3 unicorns' heads
erased arg., armed and maned or, as many mullets sa. _Ker._
2nd and 3rd; gu., 3 mascles or. _Weapont._
_Coronet._--That of a Duke.
_Supporters._--Two savage men, wreathed about the head and waist with
laurel, each holding, with the exterior hand, a club resting upon the
shoulder, all ppr.
_Motto._--PRO CHRISTO ET PATRIA.
[_The Roxburghe Ballads._]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--Without Supporters.
[ONOSANDER. _Strategicus._ Lut. Parisiorum, 1599.]
John Ker (born 23rd April 1740, died 19th March 1804) was the
elder son of Robert Ker, second Duke of Roxburghe. He succeeded
his father in the title in 1755. The Duke brought together a
splendid library, among which was the special collection of
ballads which are now known by his name. The ballads were at
first collected by Robert Harley, and they were largely added
to by a Mr. West and by Major T. Pearson, and after the entire
collection had been purchased by the Duke of Roxburghe he
continued adding to it himself.
In 1812 the Duke's library was sold and the books widely
scattered; the ballads, however, in 1845 were acquired for the
British Museum at the sale of the books of Mr. B. H. Bright.
The Duke of Roxburghe was a Knight of the Garter, and also a
Knight of the Thistle. He was a Lord of the Bedchamber and a
Privy Councillor.
The Roxburghe Club of Edinburgh was founded in honour of the
Duke in 1812.
[Illustration]
KERR, WILLIAM, EARL OF LOTHIAN
_Arms._--Gu., on a chevron arg., 3 mullets of the field. _Kerr._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Supporters._--Two bucks, each gorged with a collar arg., charged with
3 mullets gu.
_Motto._--SORS MEA DEXTRA DEI.
[BACON. _Of the advancement and proficience of Learning._
Oxford, 1640.]
William Kerr (born c. 1605, died October 1675) was the son of
Robert Kerr, first Earl of Ancrum, and in 1631 he was created
Earl of Lothian. In that year he had married Anne, Countess of
Lothian in her own right, and there was some litigation about
the title. The Earl was at the Battle of Newbury in 1643;
he was Governor of Newcastle, and a man of much political
importance. He was a Commissioner of the Treasury in Scotland,
and Lieutenant-General of the Scottish army in Ireland. In 1642
he went to France for the purpose of considering the position
of the Scottish Guard at the French Court.
Lord Lothian was one of the commissioners sent by the Scottish
Parliament to protest against the proceedings against Charles
I., and he also served on several of the commissions which were
appointed about that time concerning the Restoration of Charles
II.
[Illustration]
KINNEAR, JOHN GARDINER
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; sa., on a bend or, 3 martlets vert., a bordure of
the second. _Kinnear._
2nd and 3rd; arg., on a fret gu., 4 hearts, one in each
angle, gu., and in every interstice a rose of the second.
_Gardiner._
_Crest._--An anchor in pale az.
_Motto._--SPEM FORTUNA ALIT.
[BANNATYNE CLUB. _The Palice of Honour._
Edinburgh, 1827.]
John Gardiner Kinnear was a banker of Edinburgh. He was a
member of the Bannatyne Club, to which he was admitted in 1826.
The Kinnears were well known as a family of bankers, and they
also had literary tastes. The particular book from which I have
taken the accompanying coat-of-arms is one that was presented
to the Bannatyne Club in 1827, and reprinted in that year for
Mr. J. G. Kinnear. The text is taken from a rare book written
by Gawyn Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, called _The Palice of
Honour_, and "Imprentit at Edinburgh be Johne Ros, for Henric
Charteris, Anno 1579."
[Illustration]
LAUD, WILLIAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Az., an archiepiscopal staff, headed with a cross
pattée or, surmounted by a pall arg., charged with 4
crosses pattée fitchée sa., fringed and edged or. _See of
Canterbury._
Sinister: Sa., on a chevron or, between 3 estoiles of 6 points
of the second, as many crosses pattée fitchée gu. _Laud._
[LAUD. _A relation of the Conference between William Lawd ...
and Mr. Fisher the Jesuite, etc._ London, 1639.]
William Laud (born 7th October 1573, died 10th January 1645)
was the son of William Laud of Reading. After leaving Reading
he went to Oxford and entered the Church, and quickly came
into notice as a theologian. He was supposed to favour Romish
doctrines. After enjoying several minor appointments, Laud was
made Dean of Gloucester in 1616, and by this time he was high
in the favour of James I., who in 1621 promoted him to the
Bishopric of St. David's.
Under Charles I. Laud acquired still more importance. In 1626
he was made Dean of the Chapel Royal, and next year a member of
the Privy Council, and in 1628 he became Bishop of London. In
1629 Laud was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in
1633 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury. Archbishop Laud was
impeached for treason in 1641; he underwent his trial in 1644,
and an ordinance of attainder was passed in the next year.
Although Laud had in his possession a pardon from the king, he
was beheaded on Tower Hill in 1645. He wrote a large number of
books, mainly theological or historical. Several of his books
are in the library at Lambeth Palace, and others are in the
British Museum.
[Illustration]
LEY, JAMES, EARL OF MARLBOROUGH
_Arms._--Arg., a chevron between 3 seals' heads couped sa. Ley.
The Ulster hand gu., on an escutcheon arg., in the chief point of the
chevron.
_Crest._--A lion sejant or.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
Used between 1620 and 1625.
[_Brutus Abbreviatus._ Add. MS. 34,266.]
James Ley (born c. 1550, died 14th March 1628) was the son of
Henry Ley of Teffont Ewias, Wilts. He was educated as a lawyer,
and attained great eminence in that profession. In 1605 he
became Chief-Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland, and in
1620 he was made a Baronet, and next year Chief-Justice of the
King's Bench in England.
In 1625 Sir James Ley was created Baron Ley, and became Lord
Treasurer of England, and in 1626 he was created Earl of
Marlborough and President of the Council. Lord Marlborough had
a high reputation as a lawyer and as a judge, and he was the
author of several works on history and law.
[Illustration]
LINDSAY, DAVID, BARON LINDSAY OF BALCARRES
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., a fess chequy, arg. and az. _Lindsay._
2nd and 3rd; or, a lion rampant gu., debruised of a ribbon in
bend sa. _Abernethy._
All within a bordure of the third, semée of stars or.
_Crest._--A tent ppr., semée of stars or, with ASTRA CASTRA on a
fillet.
_Helmet._--That of a Peer.
_Supporters._--Two lions sejant guardant gu., gorged or.
_Motto._--NVMEN LVMEN MVNIMEN.
_Legend._--DAVID DOMINVS LYNDESAY DE BALCARRES.
[_Books at Haigh Hall, Wigan._]
[The Earl of Crawford, Haigh Hall, Wigan.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--A tent ppr., semée of stars or, with ASTRA CASTRA.
[_Books at Haigh Hall, Wigan._]
[The Earl of Crawford, Haigh Hall, Wigan.]
David Lindsay (born c. 1586, died March 1640) was the son of
John Lindsay, Lord Menmuir, second son of the ninth Earl of
Crawford. David Lindsay succeeded his brother John in 1601, and
in 1612 he was knighted. In 1633 he was created Baron Lindsay
of Balcarres. He was the ancestor of the present Earl of
Crawford. Lord Lindsay was a firm adherent of Charles I. He was
fond of books and literature, besides being a man of science
and scientific pursuits generally.
[Illustration]
LLOYD, DAVID, DEAN OF ST. ASAPH
_Arms._--Gu., 3 boars' heads erased in pale arg. _Lloyd._
_Crest._--Out of an heraldic coronet a boar's head erased arg.
_Motto._--DARE QUAM ACCIPERE.
[PORTA. _Natural Magick._ London, 1658.]
David Lloyd (born 1597, died 7th September 1663) was the son
of David Lloyd of Llanidloes, Montgomery. He was educated at
Oxford, and took orders about 1628. Dr. Lloyd was chaplain
to the Earl of Derby, and held several benefices in Wales,
and in 1660 was made Dean of St. Asaph. He wrote a well-known
book called _The Legend of Captain Jones_, which was published
in London in 1631. This remarkable work went through several
editions, many of which were curiously added to and altered by
successive editors or re-writers.
[Illustration]
LOCKER, EDWARD HAWKE
_Crest._--A buck's head erased ppr. _Locker._
_Motto._--FEAR GOD AND FEAR NOT.
_Initials._--E. H. L. (Edward Hawke Locker).
[_Descrizione delle Pitture che trovansi in alcune città dello
Stato Ligure._ Genova, 1780.]
Edward Hawke Locker (born 9th October 1777, died 16th October
1849) was the son of William Locker, Captain R.N. He was
educated at Eton, and occupied several positions of trust,
until in 1819 he was made Secretary to Greenwich Hospital.
Mr. Locker was a Fellow of the Royal Society, an artist and
an author, and has left a few books, chiefly biographical or
historical. At Greenwich he inaugurated the scheme of making a
collection of naval pictures, which has proved of the greatest
value. His son Frederick, who assumed the additional surname of
Lampson in 1885, afterwards became a well-known book collector.
[Illustration]
LONG, CHARLES, BARON FARNBOROUGH
_Arms._--Sa., a lion passant arg., holding in the dexter paw a cross
crosslet fitchée or, on a chief of the second 3 crosses crosslet of the
field.
_Coronet._--That of a Baron.
_Supporters._--Two lions reguardant arg., gouttées de sang, each gorged
with a ducal coronet or, thereto pendent an escutcheon sa., charged
with a cross crosslet arg.
_Motto._--INGENUAS SUSPICIT ARTES.
The coat is enclosed with a fillet bearing the legend "TRIA JUNCTA IN
UNO," being the motto of the Order of the Bath. This is again enclosed
within the collar of the said Order, as worn by a Knight Grand Cross,
from which depends the badge of the Order.
[_Letters of German Authors, etc._ Egerton MS. 2407.]
Charles Long (born circ. 1760, died 17th January 1838) was the
son of Beeston Long of Carshalton Park, Surrey. He was educated
at Cambridge, and was successively Member of Parliament for
Rye, Midhurst and Wendover, and Haslemere, and held many
important offices.
In 1800 Mr. Long became joint Secretary of the Treasury,
and presently one of the Lords of the Treasury, and was
Paymaster-General from 1817 until 1826, when he was created
Baron Farnborough of Bromley Hill Place. He was a Knight
Grand Cross of the Bath, and a member of the Privy Council.
Lord Farnborough took an important part in the negotiations
with George IV., with regard to his gift to the Nation of the
Library of George III., and he also bequeathed a considerable
sum of money to the Trustees of the British Museum, to augment
the Bridgewater Fund. He was a Trustee of the British Museum, a
Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries,
and possessed a valuable collection of pictures and antiquities
at his house, Bromley Hill Place, in Kent.
[Illustration]
LYTTELTON, WILLIAM HENRY, BARON LYTTELTON
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1. Arg., a chevron between 3 escallops sa. _Lyttelton._
2. Arg., a bend cotised sa., within a bordure engrailed gu.
(bezantée). _Westcote._
3. Gu., a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed or. _Burley._
4. France and England quarterly, within a bordure gobony, arg.
and az. By right of descent from Elizabeth, daughter of
Sir Gilbert Talbot, and great-great-granddaughter of John
of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. _Plantagenet._
_Coronet._--That of a Baron.
_Supporters._--On either side a merman ppr., in his exterior hand a
trident or. But in several instances of early use, a dexter Supporter
alone is found.
_Motto._--UNG DIEU UNG ROY.
[LITTLETON. _The first part of the Institutes of the Lawes
of England._ London, 1794.]
[The Viscount Cobham, Hagley Hall, Stourbridge.]
William Henry Lyttelton (born 24th December 1724, died 14th
September 1808) was the fifth son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton,
Baronet, who was created Viscount Cobham in 1718. In 1776 Mr.
Lyttelton was created Baron Westcote in the Peerage of Ireland,
and on the death of his nephew, Sir Thomas Lyttelton, second
Baron Lyttelton, he succeeded to the Baronetcy and the English
peerage expired.
Lord Westcote was Governor of South Carolina and of Jamaica,
and Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Portugal. In 1794 he
was created Baron Lyttelton in the Peerage of England, assuming
the same title as had become extinct by the death of his nephew
in 1779. Lord Lyttelton was a descendant of the great lawyer,
Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, who
wrote the celebrated treatise on Tenures, in the fifteenth
century.
[Illustration]
MAITLAND, JOHN, EARL OF LAUDERDALE
_Arms._--Or, a lion rampant dechaussé, within a double tressure flory
counterflory of fleurs-de-lys gu. _Maitland._
_Crest._--A lion sejant affrontée gu., ducally crowned or, holding in
the dexter paw a sword ppr., pommelled and hilted or, in the sinister
paw a fleur-de-lys az., on a fillet "CONSILIO ET ANIMIS."
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
_Helmet._--That of a Peer.
_Supporters._--Two eagles, wings expanded, ppr.
_Legend._--IOANNES METELLANVS LAUDERIÆ COMES.
[LA BIGNE. _Magna Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum et Antiq.
Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum._ Coloniae Agrippinae, 1618.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--A lion sejant affrontée gu., holding in his dexter paw
a sword ppr., pommelled and hilted or, and in the sinister paw a
fleur-de-lys az.
_Coronet._--That of a Viscount.
_Motto._--CONSILIO ET ANIMIS.
_Note._--Used between 1616 and 1624.
[TACITUS. _Opera._ 1595.]
John Maitland (born circ. 1580, died 18th January 1645) was
the only son of John Maitland, Lord Maitland of Thirlestane,
and succeeded to his father's peerage in 1595. In 1616 Lord
Maitland was created Viscount Lauderdale, and in 1624, Earl of
Lauderdale. Lord Lauderdale was a Lord of Session in Scotland.
[Illustration]
MANNERS, FRANCIS, SEVENTH EARL OF RUTLAND
_Crest._--Within the Garter. On a chapeau gu., turned up erm., a
peacock in pride ppr. _Ros_ afterwards _Manners_.
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[RUVIUS. _Commentarii in Octo libros Aristotelis de Physico._
Col. Agrippinae, 1616.]
Francis Manners (born 1578, died 17th December 1632) was the
son of John Manners, Earl of Rutland. He was educated at
Cambridge, and studied law at the Inner Temple. Mr. Manners was
made a Knight of the Order of the Bath in 1604, and in 1612,
on the death of his elder brother, Roger, he succeeded to his
father's peerage.
Lord Rutland was Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, Constable
of Nottingham Castle, and in 1612 he entertained James I. at
Belvoir Castle. In consequence of certain legal decisions
adverse to his claim to an older title he was, in 1616, made
Lord Ross of Hamlake. In the same year he was made a Knight
of the Garter. He carried the sceptre with the dove at the
coronation of Charles I., was Chief-Justice of Eyre north of
Trent, and in 1623 he commanded the fleet sent to escort Prince
Charles back from Spain.
The beautiful crest of a peacock in pride upon a chapeau
was adopted by the Manners family after the marriage, in
the fifteenth century, of Sir Robert Manners of Etal,
Northumberland, with Eleanor, daughter and heiress of Thomas,
10th Lord Ros, whose crest it was. The family crest of Sir
Robert Manners was a bull's head erased gu., ducally gorged and
chained or.
[Illustration]
MANNERS, JOHN, DUKE OF RUTLAND
_Arms._--Or, 2 bars az., a chief quarterly of the second and gu.; the
first and fourth quarters each charged with 2 fleurs-de-lys or, the
second and third quarters each charged with a lion of England or.
_Manners._
This chief was originally gu., and the change made in it, incorporating
the fleurs-de-lys of France and the lion of England, was an
augmentation granted in consideration of descent from Edward IV.
_Coronet._--That of a Duke.
[SETTLE. _Fears and Dangers fairly display'd._
London, 1706.]
John Manners (born 29th May 1638, died 10th January 1710) was
the son of John Manners, ninth Earl of Rutland, and succeeded
his father in the Earldom in 1679.
Before this, however, he had been created Lord Manners of
Haddon. He carried the Queen's sceptre with the cross at the
coronation of James II. He supported the Protestant cause, and
the Princess Anne at one time took refuge at Belvoir Castle,
and when she presently became Queen she created Lord Manners
Marquis of Granby and Duke of Rutland.
[Illustration]
MARY, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th, France.
2nd and 3rd, England.
As used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Crown._--Royal.
[_Epitome operum divi Augustini._ Cologne, 1549.]
The Princess Mary (born 18th February 1516, died 17th November
1558) was the daughter of Henry VIII. and his first wife,
Catherine of Aragon. In 1553 she succeeded her brother Edward
VI. on the throne of England.
In 1554 Queen Mary married Prince Philip, afterwards Philip
II., King of Spain, but the marriage was neither happy nor
popular.
The bindings made for Queen Mary often show her coat-of-arms
encircled by flames. They were bound by Thomas Berthelet, who
had been Royal Bookbinder to Henry VIII. Most of the books
are bound in calf, but some are in embroidered velvet, and
show the pomegranate flower. Mary also used the badges of
the fleur-de-lys and the portcullis of the De Beauforts. Her
initials, "M. I.," are sometimes used on her bindings. Queen
Mary used the same supporters as Henry VIII. in the latter part
of his reign, namely, the lion and the red dragon, but they do
not show on any of her books. Queen Mary's books came to the
British Museum in 1757.
[Illustration]
MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND
_Arms._--Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory
gu. _Scotland._
As used by James I. (q.v.).
_Crest._--The Scottish Royal Crown, ppr., thereon a lion sejant or,
holding in his dexter paw a sword and in his sinister paw a sceptre,
all ppr.
_Helmet._--Royal.