princely coronet and chained or, as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Motto._--IN DEFENS.
Behind the shield are two spears, on the dexter of which is a banner
bearing the arms of Scotland, and on the sinister a banner bearing the
cross of St. Andrew arg., on a field az.
The shield is enclosed within the collar of the Order of the Thistle,
from which depends the badge of the Order.
_Legend._--MARIA REGINA.
[_The Black Acts._ Edinburgh, 1556.]
[Illustration]
Cypher Μ., _i.e._ "Marie," and Φ, _i.e._ "Francis," used about 1559 or
1560, when Mary was Queen of Francis II., King of France.
The motto "SA VERTV MATIRE" is an anagram on the name Marie Stuuarte.
The crown is the crown of France.
_Note._--A foreign stamp.
[PTOLEMY. _Geographia._ Rome, 1490.]
[The late Sir Wollaston Franks, K.C.B.]
Mary, Princess of Scotland (born 8th December 1542, died 8th
February 1587), was the daughter of James V., King of Scotland,
and on his death in 1542, when she was eight days old, she
succeeded to his crown. Mary was the granddaughter of the
Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII., who had
married James IV., King of Scotland, in 1502.
In 1558 she married the Dauphin of France, who shortly
afterwards became king as Francis II. He died in 1560, and Mary
returned to Scotland, and in 1565 married Henry Stuart, Earl of
Darnley, who was proclaimed King of Scotland on the day of his
marriage.
Lord Darnley was murdered in 1567, and Queen Mary dethroned in
favour of her son, James VI., and in the same year she married
John Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, who is supposed to have been
Darnley's murderer. Troubles multiplied round the unfortunate
queen. Her husband had to take refuge abroad, and she herself
was made a prisoner and shut up at Loch Leven. Queen Mary asked
Queen Elizabeth's help in the discords which became incessant
in Scotland, and at last Mary was induced to put herself in her
rival's power, and took refuge at Carlisle.
The end was that after a long imprisonment in England she was
tried, condemned, and beheaded at Fotheringay in 1587, the plea
being that she had conspired against Queen Elizabeth's life.
Queen Mary was very intellectual and a notable linguist. Many
of her books are bound in black and have black edges. This is
supposed to have been intended as a mark of mourning for her
first husband. Mary's only son, James VI., succeeded to the
throne of England on the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, his
title in England being James I.
The present official coat-of-arms of Scotland is, quarterly:
1st and 4th, Scotland.
2nd, England.
3rd, Ireland.
Colours as used by James I. (q.v.).
_Supporters._--Dexter: A unicorn arg., maned, horned, hoofed, and
gorged with a princely coronet and chained or.
Sinister: A lion or, royally crowned.
_Crest._--The crest of Scotland as used by Mary, Queen of Scotland, but
on an English Royal Crown. Behind the shield are two standards bearing
respectively the crosses of St. Andrew and St. George, and the helmet,
collar of the Order of the Thistle, and motto are all as used by Queen
Mary.
[Illustration]
MARY OF MODENA, QUEEN CONSORT OF JAMES II.
_Arms._--Two shields side by side.
Dexter shield: Gu., 3 lions passant guardant, in pale, or,
langued and unguled az. _England._
Sinister shield: Arg., an eagle displayed sa. _D'Este._
Ensigned with a Royal Crown of foreign design, and enclosed between two
palm branches.
_Note._--This stamp was probably made in France after 1689.
[DESPORCELLETS. _Regne de Jacques II._ MS.]
[Illustration]
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly; France and England.
2nd grand quarter; Scotland.
3rd grand quarter; Ireland.
As used by James I. (q.v.). Over all the label, with three points arg.,
of an eldest son.
Sinister: Quarterly.
1st and 4th; arg., an eagle displayed sa., coroneted ppr.
_D'Este._
2nd and 3rd; az., 3 fleurs-de-lys or, within a bordure
counter-indented, or and gu. _Ferrara._
Ensigned with a princely coronet.
_Supporters._--Dexter: A lion of England or, wearing a princely coronet
ppr., and charged on the neck with a label of three points arg.
Sinister: An eagle of D'Este sa., wearing a ducal coronet or.
_Note._--This stamp was made while James was still Duke of York, that
is to say, between 1673 and 1685.
[WALLER. _Poems._ London, 1668.]
Mary Beatrice of Modena (born 5th October 1658, died 7th
May 1718) was a daughter of Alphonso IV., D'Este, Duke of
Modena. She was a strong Roman Catholic. In 1673 she married
James, Duke of York, whom she presently converted to the
Roman Catholic religion, and when she became queen in 1685,
her influence over the king continued to be very great. There
were many disquieting rumours about the birth of the Prince of
Wales, and Queen Mary was never liked in England. She seems,
however, to have been a devoted and affectionate wife.
Her trouble culminated about 1688, when she fled to France
with her little son, and was well and honourably received by
Louis XIV. James II. presently joined her at the Palace of St.
Germain, which the French king had put at his disposal on his
deposition from the throne of England in 1689. After James's
death in 1701 Queen Mary continued to live at St. Germain, and
remained there for the rest of her life.
[Illustration]
MARY, PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, AFTERWARDS QUEEN OF FRANCE AND DUCHESS OF
SUFFOLK.
_Arms._--Quarterly, France and England, as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
_Badges._--Tudor roses, gu. and arg., and portcullis arg., chained or.
_Initials._--M. S. (Mary Suffolk).
_Note._--The book bears the arms of Henry VIII., and the initials have
been added. It is one of the earliest gold-tooled English bindings in
existence, and was probably made by John Taverner for an earlier inside
than that which it now covers.
[_Herbarum Imagines._ Francofurti, 1535.]
Mary Tudor (born 1497, died 23rd June 1534) was the youngest
daughter of Henry VII. At an early age she was enamoured of
Charles Brandon, afterwards Duke of Suffolk. Henry VIII.,
however, decided that her marriage with Louis XII. of France
was more expedient, and in 1514 she became his Queen. Next
year she was left a widow, and almost immediately she married
the Duke of Suffolk abroad, and the marriage was afterwards
re-solemnised in England.
[Illustration]
MATTHEW, TOBIAS, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Gu., two keys in saltire arg., in chief a Royal Crown
or. _See of York, after 1515._
Sinister: Quarterly.
1st and 4th; sa., a lion rampant arg.
2nd and 3rd; gu., 3 chevrons arg. _Matthew._
[_Novum Testamentum._ 1580.]
Tobias Matthew (born circ. 1546, died 29th March 1628) was the
son of John Matthew of Ross in Herefordshire. He was educated
at Oxford and ordained in 1566. He preached before Queen
Elizabeth at St. Mary's Church in the High Street at Oxford,
and attracted Her Majesty's attention by his eloquence and
his handsome appearance. He was made a Canon of Christchurch
Cathedral in 1570, and Dean in 1576. In 1583 he was Dean of
Durham. In 1595 he was consecrated Bishop of Durham, and in
1606 Archbishop of York. Archbishop Matthew took a prominent
part in the political as well as the theological affairs of his
time. Lady Arabella Stuart was imprisoned in his house, and she
escaped from it in 1611.
[Illustration]
MONCK, CHRISTOPHER, SECOND DUKE OF ALBEMARLE
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Gu., a chevron between 3 lions' heads
erased arg. _Monck._
_Coronet._--That of a Duke.
[HEYLYN. _Ecclesia Restaurata._ London, 1674.]
Christopher Monck (born circ. 1653, died 6th October 1688) was
the son of General George Monck, who, in recognition of his
services concerning the restoration of Charles II., was by
that monarch created Duke of Albemarle in 1660. Christopher
Monck succeeded his father in the Dukedom in 1669. He was made
a Knight of the Garter in the same year, and in 1687 he was
appointed Governor of Jamaica.
[Illustration]
MONTAGU, JOHN, SECOND DUKE OF MONTAGU
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th; arg., 3 lozenges conjoined in fess gu., within a
bordure sa. _Montagu._
2nd and 3rd; or, an eagle displayed vert., beaked and membered
gu. _Monthermer._
On an escutcheon of pretence. Sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of
the last a cross gu. _Churchill._
_Coronet._--That of a Duke.
[BACON. _The Historie of the Reigne of King
Henry the Seventh._ London, 1641.]
[Illustration]
_Crest._--Within the Garter. A griffin's head couped or, beak and wings
endorsed sa. _Montagu._
[BERKELEY. _Siris._ London, 1744.]
John Montagu (born circ. 1688, died 6th July 1749) was the son
of Ralph Montagu, Duke of Montagu, whom he succeeded in 1709.
At the coronation of George I. the Duke of Montagu was High
Constable, and he was Governor of St. Lucia and St. Vincent,
both of which islands were given to him by the king.
The Duke of Montagu carried the sceptre with the cross
at the coronation of George II., and in 1740 he was made
Master-General of the Ordnance. He raised a regiment of
cavalry, known as "Montagu's Carabineers." In 1719 he was made
a Knight of the Garter, and in 1725 Grand Master of the Order
of the Bath, and he also held several military appointments. He
was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Royal College of
Physicians.
The Duke's town residence, Montagu House, originally occupied
the site now covered by the British Museum, and at his death
it was acquired by the Government. Many alterations were
carried out for the better housing of the collections which
were placed in it, and eventually it was entirely rebuilt in a
more convenient form. It had been originally built for Ralph,
the first Duke of Montagu. The Duke married Mary Churchill,
daughter of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, the great
General. Lady Mary Churchill's only brother having died as a
boy, she and her sisters became heraldic heiresses, so their
coat-of-arms were borne on an escutcheon of pretence in the
centre of the coats-of-arms of their respective husbands.
[Illustration]
MORDAUNT, JOHN, VISCOUNT MORDAUNT
_Crest._--A Saracen's head in profile ppr., wreathed about the temples,
arg. and sa. _Mordaunt._
_Coronet._--That of a Viscount.
[BUCHONIUS. _Primitiae gnomonicae Catoptricae, etc._
Avenione, 1635.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--In a smaller size.
[_Recueil general des Caquets de l'Acouchée._ 1623.]
John Mordaunt (born 18th June 1626, died 5th June 1675) was
the second son of John Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough. He was
educated at Oxford and was a strong Royalist. In 1658 he was
in consequence tried for his life, and only escaped death by
one vote. He was with Charles II. on the Continent, and in
1659 was created Viscount Mordaunt of Avalon. In 1660, on
the Restoration, Lord Mordaunt was knighted. He commanded a
troop of horse and a regiment of foot, and was Constable of
Windsor Castle and Keeper of the Great Park. He was also Lord
Lieutenant of Surrey.
[Illustration]
MUSGRAVE, SIR WILLIAM, BARONET
_Crest._--Two arms in armour, gauntleted ppr., holding an annulet or.
_Musgrave._
[SAINT GERMAN. _Doctor and Student._
In the Savoy, 1751.]
William Musgrave (born 8th October 1735, died 16th January
1800) was the second son of Sir Richard Musgrave of Hayton
Castle, and succeeded to the family Baronetcy in 1755, on the
death of his elder brother.
Sir William was a Commissioner of Customs and of Accounts, a
Fellow and Vice-President of the Royal Society, a lawyer of
much distinction, and a Bencher and Treasurer of the Middle
Temple. He was author of a very useful compilation known as
Musgrave's Obituary; it gives reference to places where the
various persons deceased are mentioned, and also further
particulars. The obituary was published by the Harleian Society
in 1899-1901.
Sir William Musgrave made large collections of manuscripts
on the subject of portrait-painting in England, and also
concerning the history of England. He bequeathed these
manuscripts, as well as a considerable number of printed books,
to the British Museum, of which he was a Trustee. He had
already given several books to the library during his lifetime,
many of which contain an autograph note of the presentation.
[Illustration]
NAUNTON, SIR ROBERT
_Arms._--Quartered.
1. Gu., 3 martlets or. _Naunton._
2. Quarterly, or and gu., in the first quarter a lion rampant
of the second. _Inglish._
3. Arg., a chief indented sa. _Hillock._
4. Sa., an eagle displayed arg., between 6 bezants, 3, 2, and
1. _Busserard._
5. Arg., a lion rampant sa., a chief gu., a crescent for
difference. _Ashby._
6. Gu., 10 bezants, 4, 3, 2, and 1. _Zouch._
7. Arg., 2 bars gu. _Martin._
8. Gu., a lion rampant between 14 tau crosses or. _Powell_ (?).
9. A chevron between 3 Hebrew letters "Cheth," probably
standing for "Jehovah." _Unknown._
10. Erm., a cross engrailed sa. _Houghton_.
_Crest._--A basilisk ppr.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
_Motto._--PRVDENS SIMPLICITAS.
[_Common Prayer._ London, 1612.]
Robert Naunton (born circ. 1563, died 27th March 1635)
was the son of Henry Naunton of Alderton. He was educated
at Cambridge, where in 1594 he was elected Public Orator,
and travelled largely on the Continent for the purpose of
studying politics. He was Member of Parliament for Helston in
1606, then for Camelford and for Suffolk, and sat in three
Parliaments as Member for Cambridge. In 1614 he received the
honour of Knighthood, and in 1617 became Secretary of State,
and afterwards Master of the Court of Wards. Sir Robert was
an earnest Protestant, and the Catholics considered that he
was too strongly opposed to their interests. The latter part
of his life was troubled, chiefly because he was too free in
expressing his own views as to matters of public interest.
Although he held several important official offices, he
does not appear to have been a man of much talent, but his
management of the matters entrusted to him was marked by strong
common sense and trustworthiness. He wrote several valuable
books on travel, biography, and history.
[Illustration]
NEVILL, GEORGE, EARL OF ABERGAVENNY
_Badges._--1. A Lancastrian rose gu., seeded or, and leaved vert. 2. A
portcullis of De Beaufort arg., chained and ringed or, nailed az. Both
ensigned with an Earl's Coronet.
[C. SUETONIUS. _Tranquillus ex recensione F. Oudendorpii._
Lugduni Batavorum, 1751.]
George Nevill (born 24th June 1727, died 9th September 1785)
was the son of William Nevill, Lord Abergavenny. He was a
godson of George II., and succeeded his father in the Barony in
1744. Lord Abergavenny was Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, and in
1784 he was created Earl of Abergavenny.
The use of the badges shown is not confined to any particular
earl, but had been generally used by the Nevill family for a
long time. The Red Rose of Lancaster was adopted as a badge by
Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick, whose daughter Anne married
Edward, Prince of Wales, only son of Henry VI., the last of
the Lancastrian Kings, in 1470. The Princess Anne afterwards
married Richard III., the last of the Yorkist Kings. The
portcullis was used as a badge of descent from the house of
De Beaufort, and both badges are still used by the family of
Nevill.
[Illustration]
NOEL, BAPTIST, THIRD EARL OF GAINSBOROUGH
_Arms._--Impaled.
Dexter: Or, fretty gu., a canton erm. _Noel._
Sinister: Or, two bars az., a chief quarterly of the last and
gu., in the first and fourth quarters 2 fleurs-de-lys
or, and in the second and third quarters a lion passant
guardant, of the last langued and unguled az. _Manners._
_Coronet._--That of an Earl.
[SETTLE. _Thalia Lacrymans._ London, 1714.]
Baptist Noel (born 1684, died 17th April 1714) was the son of
Baptist Noel of Luffenham, Rutland, who was the eldest son,
by his fourth marriage, of Baptist Noel, second Baron Noel
and third Viscount Campden. The eldest son of Lord Campden
succeeded to his father's title in 1682, and in 1681 he was
created Earl of Gainsborough with special remainder to his
younger brothers. In consequence of this remainder, on the
death of Wriothesley Noel, second Earl of Gainsborough, in
1691, without male heir, the Earldom reverted to Baptist Noel,
his cousin, who succeeded as third Earl.
Lord Gainsborough married, about 1706, his first cousin,
Dorothy Manners, daughter of John, first Duke of Rutland.
[Illustration]
PARKER, MATTHEW, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY
_Arms._--Gu., on a chevron between 3 keys erect arg., as many estoiles
of the field. The estoiles were an augmentation added in 1559. _Parker._
[_New Testament._ London, 1574.]
Matthew Parker (born 6th August 1504, died 17th May 1575)
was educated at Cambridge, and in 1527 he took orders and
became a Fellow of his College, and quickly made a name as a
powerful preacher. In 1537 he was made Chaplain to the King
and a Prebendary of Ely. He became Master of his old College,
St. Benet's (Corpus Christi), in 1544. In 1552 he was Dean of
Lincoln, but on Mary's accession he lost that and his other
preferments on the ground of his being married.
During all Queen Mary's reign Dr. Parker kept himself well out
of the way, but when Elizabeth came to the throne he was sought
out and in 1559 consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, being the
second Protestant Archbishop of that See.
Archbishop Parker concerned himself much with literature,
and wrote several valuable books. He had much to do with the
Book of Common Prayer, and also with the revisal of the then
existing translation of the Bible, the edition finally issued
by him being known as the "Bishop's Bible." He founded the
Society of Antiquaries of London in 1572, and bequeathed a
large number of books and manuscripts to the University of
Cambridge and to his old College.
Archbishop Parker had a staff of workmen in his own house,
part of which was fully equipped for their use. His work _De
Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesiae_, of which it is said no
two copies are alike, as the Archbishop made some alterations
in the proofs every time they were submitted to him, is said
to have been printed at the Archbishop's press by John Day.
Some of his books are beautifully bound in embroidered velvet,
also supposed to have been done in his own house. In one of
his letters to Lord Burghley, he says that he has in his house
"Paynters, Lymners, Wryters, and Book-Bynders." It is possible
that several of the fine bindings made for Queen Elizabeth and
for Lord Burghley were really made in the Archbishop's workshop.
[Illustration]
PEPYS, SAMUEL, SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; sa., on a bend or, between 2 nags' heads erased
arg., 3 fleurs-de-lys of the field. _Pepys._
2nd and 3rd; gu., a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed
arg. _Gray._
_Crest._--A camel's head erased or, bridled, lined, ringed, and gorged
with a ducal coronet or.
_Helmet._--That of an Esquire.
_Motto._--MENS CUIUSQUE IS EST QUISQUE.
[_Several books in the Pepys Library at Magdalene College,
Cambridge._]
[The Pepys Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge.]
[Illustration]
_Variety._--A shield lettered "SAM. PEPYS CAR. ET IAC. ANGL. REGIB. A
SECRETIS ADMIRALIÆ."
Behind the shield are two fouled anchors.
_Crest_ and _helmet_ as in the preceding example.
[_Books at Magdalene College, Cambridge._]
[The Pepys Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge.]
Samuel Pepys (born 23rd February 1632, died 26th May 1703) was
the son of John Pepys of Cottenham, in Cambridgeshire. He was
educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and became clerk of
the Acts of the Navy in 1660.
In 1673 Mr. Pepys was Secretary to the Admiralty, and he
introduced several admirable reforms in the management of that
office, which he retained until 1689. He accompanied Lord
Dartmouth to Tangier, and made several expeditions to the
Continent and about the coasts of England.
In 1690 he published his _Memoirs_ concerning the navy of
England, a very important work. In 1684 Mr. Pepys was President
of the Royal Society. He left a considerable library to his old
College at Cambridge, manuscripts as well as printed books,
and also several prints. Pepys kept a curious _Diary_ in
cypher from 1659 to 1669. It has been deciphered and published
several times, but the best edition is that issued by Mr. H. B.
Wheatley in 1893.
[Illustration]
PERCY, HENRY, NINTH EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND
_Badge._--Within the Garter.
A crescent arg., ensigned with an Earl's coronet.
[JAMES I. _Triumphs_, etc. London, 1610.]
Henry Percy (born April 1564, died 5th November 1632) was
the son of the eighth Earl of Northumberland and succeeded
his father, who was murdered in the Tower, in 1585. Lord
Northumberland was fined and imprisoned in the Tower in
consequence of an alleged complicity in the Gunpowder Plot. In
1593 he was made a Knight of the Garter, and in 1603 he was
Captain of the Corps of Gentlemen Pensioners.
Northumberland was in distant remainder to the Crown of
England, and at one time it was probable that his claims might
be strengthened by a marriage with Lady Arabella Stuart, niece
of Lord Darnley, and great-granddaughter of Margaret, elder
daughter of Henry VII., but the negotiation came to nothing.
The Earl was fond of scientific pursuits and was known as
"The Wizard Earl," and was a great smoker. The badge of the
silver crescent was used by the Percy family generally and not
exclusively by any particular member of it.
[Illustration]
PETTY, WILLIAM FITZMAURICE, MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE
_Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th; erm., on a bend az., a magnetic needle pointing at
a Pole Star or. _Petty._
2nd and 3rd; arg., a saltire gu., a chief erm. _Fitzmaurice._
_Coronet._--That of a Marquis.
_Supporters._--Two pegasi erm., bridled, crined, winged, and unguled
or., each charged on the shoulder with a fleur-de-lys az.
_Motto._--VIRTUTE NON VERBIS.
[PONTIFICALE. Lansdowne MS. 451.]
William Fitzmaurice Petty (born 1737, died 7th May 1805) was
the son of John, Earl of Shelburne. He was educated at Oxford,
and then entered the army, and fought at Campen and at Minden,
eventually becoming a general officer. He represented High
Wycombe in Parliament. In 1761, on the death of his father,
William Petty became Earl of Shelburne, and quickly made his
mark in the House of Lords, and became head of the Board of
Trade. In 1766 he became a Secretary of State for the Southern
Department. On the death of Lord Rockingham in 1782, Lord
Shelburne succeeded as Premier, and held this position until
1783. In 1784 Lord Shelburne was created Marquis of Lansdowne,
and he spent the remainder of his life at his beautiful
Wiltshire seat of Bowood.
About 1765 he began collecting books, particularly those
concerning history and politics. Among the books collected by
Lord Shelburne were several which had belonged to Sir Julius
Cæsar, and also many of Lord Burghley's. Lord Lansdowne's
manuscripts were acquired for the British Museum by purchase
after his death.
[Illustration]
PHILPOT, JOHN, SOMERSET HERALD
_Arms._--Quarterly.
1st and 4th; gu., a cross arg., between four swords erect of
the second, pommelled and hilted or. _Philpot._
2nd and 3rd; sa., a bend ermine. _Philipot._
On an escutcheon of pretence. Az., a chevron erm., between 3 crescents
arg. _Glover._
_Crest._--Out of a ducal coronet, a dexter arm embowed in armour
holding in the hand a sword guttée de sang, all ppr.
(College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.)
[_Books at the College of Arms._]
John Philpot (born c. 1587, died 20th November 1645) was the
son of Henry Philpot, at one time Mayor of Folkestone. He
married Susan Glover, niece of the Somerset Herald, Robert
Glover. In 1618 Philpot was appointed Blanch Lion Pursuivant,
and a little later Rouge Dragon. He was deputy for William
Camden in the visitations of Kent, Hampshire, Berkshire,
Gloucestershire, Sussex, Buckingham, Oxfordshire, and
Rutlandshire.