die =Dorfgasse=, -n ~(narrow) village street~
der =Dorf′mūsīkant´=, -en ~[mo̅o̅-] village fiddler~
der =Dorfschmied=, -e ~village blacksmith~
der =Dorn=, -(e)s, -en ~thorn~
=dort= ~there, yonder, in that place, over there~
=dort´zūlan´de= ~in that (part of the) country~
der =Dotter= ~yolk~
der =Draht=, ̈–e ~wire~
=drang= ~_see_~ dringen
=drängen= ~press, push, crowd, jostle;~ sich drängen ~crowd, push, make
_or_ force one’s way (into~ in ~+ _acc._)~
=drauf= = darauf´
=draußen= ~outside, out of doors; out yonder (there)~
=drehen= ~turn~
=drei= ~three~
=dreimāl= ~thrice, three times~
=drein= = darein´ ~_see_~ dareinsehen
=dreißig= ~thirty~
=dreizehnte=, der, die, das ~thirteenth~
=dreschen=, drischt, drasch ~_or_~ drosch (~_past subj._~ drösche),
gedroschen ~thresh, thrash~
das =Dreschen=, des -s ~threshing, thrashing~
der =Drescher= ~thrasher, thresher~
der =Dreschflegel= ~flail~
=dringen=, drang, ist gedrungen ~[_with preposition expressing
direction_] make one’s way, pierce, penetrate, reach;~ es drang an sein
Ohr wie... ~there reached his ear a sound like...~
=dringend= ~_pres. part. of_~ dringen ~urgent, pressing~
=drinnen= ~inside, within (doors), in there~
=dritt= ~[_never occurring in uninfl. form_] third~
=drittens= ~[-ens, NOT -enz] thirdly, in the third place~
=drohen= ~[_dat. of pers._] threaten~
=drohend= ~_pres. part. of_~ drohen ~threatening(ly)~
=dröhnen= ~rumble, thunder, roar; shake, quake [_with the uproar_]~
=dröhnend= ~_pres. part. of_~ dröhnen ~ringing~
=drosch= ~_see_~ dreschen
=drüben= ~over there, yonder, on that side~
=drücken= ~press, push, hurt (by pressure), pinch; slip [_a coin_]~
=drum= = darum ~therefore~
=drunten= ~below, down there (yonder)~
=dū= ~[_used in addressing one individual in cases where formal
politeness would be either unnecessary or out of place, as in speaking
to a child, intimate friend, or relative, an inferior, animal, or
inanimate object, in prayer, or in apostrophes to absent persons,
abstract qualities, etc._] you [_Cf._~ ihr² ~_and_ ~Sie~.]~
=duftend= ~fragrant~
der =Dūkā´ten= ~ducat~
=dulden= ~tolerate~
=dumm=, dummer ~_or_~ dümmer, der dummste ~_or_~ dümmste ~stupid~
der =Dummkopf=, ⸗köpfe ~blockhead~
=dumpfdröhnend= ~dull- (hollow-) rumbling~
=dunkel= ~[_In infl. forms in the pos. and the comp. the_ ~e ~_is
usually elided_] dark~
=dunkelhaarig= ~dark-haired~
die =Dunkelheit=, -en ~dark(ness)~
=dunkle=, der, die, das ~_see_~ dunkel
=dünn= ~thin, lean~
=durch= ~[_acc._] through; by, by means of~
=durchaus´= ~[_if emphatic_,~ durch´aus~] absolutely, positively, by
all means, at all events~
=durchgehen=, ging durch´, ist durchgegangen ~pass (through), go
through~
=durchlassen=, lä̆ßt durch´, ließ durch´, durchgelassen ~let through,
allow to pass~
=durchs= = durch das
=durchsichtig= ~transparent~
=durchson´nen=, durchsonn´te, durchsonnt´ ~(warm in _or_ expose to the)
sun~
=durchsonnt´= ~_participial adj._ warm, sunny~
=dürfen=, darf, durfte ~(_past subj._~ dürfte~),~ gedurft ~(_or,
if preceded by a dependent infin._,~ dürfen~) [~dürfen ~_expresses
permission or right, whether granted or refused, or (in the past subj.)
mild probability_] may; [_with a negative, often_] must; be allowed
(at liberty, permitted) to, have the right to, be justified in; [_very
rarely_] dare;~ 48, 22 dürfe nicht ~could not well [_Colloquially_~
können ~_is often used instead of_ ~dürfen~, _as_ can _is instead of_
may]; need~
=durfte= ~_see_~ dürfen
=dürr= ~dry; lean, scrawny, shriveled, fleshless~
der =Durst=, des -es ~[do͝orst] thirst~
=du’s= = du es
=dǖster= dark, gloomy, dismal
das =Dutzend=, -e ~[_but invariable after a numeral_] dozen [_Cf._~
Sack~.]~
der =Dūzbruder=, ⸗brüder ~[_intimate friend addressed with du after the
pledge of brotherhood is drunk_] boon companion, chum, pal, crony~
E.
=eben= ~just (then, now); exactly, precisely~
die =Ebene=, -n ~plain~
=ebenfalls= ~[-s, NOT -z] likewise, also~
=ebensō= ~just so;~ es ebenso machen ~do likewise;~ ebenso (... wie)
~just so _or_ as (... as), equally~
=echt= ~genuine; real~
die =Ecke=, -n ~corner, [_properly_] edge; _also_ = ~Winkel
=edel= ~[_In infl. forms in the pos. and the comp. the second e is
usually elided_] noble~
=edle=, der, die, das ~_see_~ edel
=ehe= ~[_always followed by transposition_] before~
=eher= ~sooner, earlier; rather, more likely;~ eher, als bis...
~before...~
=ehrbār= ~reputable, honorable; honest~
die =Ehre=, -n ~honor [_Certain set phrases, e.g._,~ in Ehren~, _retain
an archaic =pl.= construction, which in English is to be translated by
the =sg.=._]~
der =Ehrenplatz=, ⸗plätze ~seat of honor~
=ehrlich= ~honest, respectable~
=ehrwürdig= ~worthy (of veneration), reverend, worshipful~
=ei= ~[_expressing surprise, admiration, vexation, encouragement,
irony, reproach, indifference_] ah! why! my, but...!~
das =Ei=, -er ~egg~
der =Eichbaum=, ⸗bäume ~oak (tree)~
die =Eiche=, -n ~oak (tree)~
=eichelförmig= ~acorn-shaped~
der =Eidotter= ~yolk of an egg, egg~
der =Eifer=, des -s ~zeal, eagerness, longing, (passionate) desire~
=eigen= ~own [_adj._];~ das gehört mir zu eigen ~that belongs to me (as
my rightful property), that is mine (my property)~
=eigenhändig= ~with one’s own hand(s); single-handed~
=eigentlich= ~real; exact; _adv._ really, strictly (properly) speaking~
=eigentǖm´lich= ~strange, peculiar, odd~
=eignen= ~see~ eigen ~or~ geeignet
der =Eilbote=, -n ~special messenger, express rider~
die =Eile= ~haste;~ zur Eile mahnen ~urge one to make haste;~ Eile
haben ~be pressing (urgent)~
=eilen= ~[~ist geeilt ~_when direction is expressed_] hasten, hurry~
=eilig= ~hasty, in a hurry, hurrying~
=ein=, eine, ein ~_numeral adj._ one;~ der eine ~(the) one [_contrasted
with_~ der andere~]; _indef. art._ a, an [_identical in form with_~
ein ~one, _and therefore omitted in many adv. phrases which in English
require_ a]~ mit leiser Stimme ~in =a= low tone [_Cf. also note on_~
als ~_expressing identity, and last note on_~ sein~.]~
=ein= ~_adv._ in;~ aus und ein ~in and out;~ aus und ein gehen ~go and
come, be a frequent caller;~ weder aus noch ein wissen ~be at one’s
wits’ end, not know which way to turn~
=ein= ~_sep. pref._ [_expressing 1. entrance or arrival, 2. arrangement
or concealment, 3. acquisition_] in; in at (~in ~+ _dat._); up~
=einan´der= ~[_invariable_] each other, one another~
der =Einbrecher= ~housebreaker, burglar~
=einbringen=, brăchte ~(_past subj._~ brä̆chte) ein´, eingebrăcht
~bring in, earn (for one _dat._)~
=eindringlich= ~intrusive; impressive, emphatic~
mit =einemmāl= = mit einem Male ~all at once, all of a sudden~
=einer=, eine, eines ~[_infl. like the sg. of_~ dieser~] one [_with a
following relative clause, partitive gen., or phrase with_ ~von~; _the
partitive gen. may be merely implied in the context_]; someone~
=einfach= ~simple~
=einfallen=, fällt ein´, fiel ein´, ist eingefallen ~interrupt; strike,
occur to, enter the mind of (one _dat._)~
die =Einfalt= ~(native, unaffected) simplicity~
=einfangen=, fängt ein´, fing ein´, eingefangen ~capture, take and
secure~
sich =einfinden=, fand ein´, eingefunden ~appear (on the scene),
arrive, put in an appearance~
der =Eingang=, ⸗gänge ~entrance; entry; ready acceptance, favor~
=eingebrăcht= ~_see_~ einbringen
=eingefallen= ~_see_~ einfallen
=eingefangen= ~_see_~ einfangen
=eingefunden= ~_see_~ einfinden
=eingenommen= ~_see_~ einnehmen
=eingereicht= ~_see_~ einreichen
=eingeschlossen= ~_see_~ einschließen
=eingeschnitten= ~_see_~ einschneiden
das =Eingreifen=, des -s ~(act of) thrusting one’s hand(s) into~ (in ~+
_acc._)~
=einholen=, holte ein´, eingeholt ~catch up with, overtake~
=einig= ~[_except in a few phrases, e.g._,~ nach einiger Zeit, ~_rarely
used in the sg., its place being usually taken by_~ etwas~] some, a
few, several [_But_ a few = only a few, not many (_in contrast with_~
viel~) _is translated by_~ wenig~.]~
der =Einkauf=, ⸗käufe ~purchase~
=einkehren=, kehrte ein´, ist eingekehrt ~put up, alight (at~ in ~+
_dat._); stay, visit (at the house of~ bei)
=einlāden=, lādet ~_or_~ lǟdt ein´, lūd ~_or_~ lādete ein´, eingelāden
~invite [_Cf._~ laden ~invite.]~
die =Einlādung=, -en ~invitation;~ einer Einladung folgen ~accept an
invitation~
der =Einlăß=, des ⸗lasses ~admission, admittance~
sich =einlassen=, lä̆ßt ein´, ließ ein´, eingelassen ~have dealings
(anything to do) with~ (mit)
=einlä̆ßt= ~_see_~ einlassen
=einleuchten=, leuchtete ein´, eingeleuchtet ~be evident (clear,
obvious) to a person [_dat._]~
=ein´māl= ~once [_not twice_];~ noch ein´mal, ~_cf._~ noch; auf
ein´mal, ~_cf._~ auf
=einmāl´= ~[_in colloqu. language often shortened to_~ mal~] once
(upon a time); sometime; for once; just; ever, at any time; [_with an
imperative or its equivalent_] just;~ nicht einmal´ ~not even;~ schon
einmal´ ~already, once before; ever~
=einnehmen=, nimmt ein´, nahm ein´, eingenommen ~take (possession of),
occupy; take in, receive~
die =Einȫde=, -n ~solitude, wilderness~
=einpacken=, packte ein´, eingepackt ~pack (up)~
=einreichen=, reichte ein´, eingereicht ~hand in, present, tender~
=einreiten=, ritt ein´, ist eingeritten ~ride (turn) =into=, enter on
horseback~ (in ~+ =acc.=); ride (turn) in =at=, arrive on horseback
=at=~ (in ~+ =dat.=)~
=einrichten=, richtete ein´, eingerichtet ~arrange, settle, adjust;~
sich häuslich einrichten ~settle down and begin housekeeping~
=eins= = eines ~one (thing); [_often used as cognate object_]~ eins
trinken ~take a drink (glass, drop);~ eins singen ~sing (have) a song;~
eins tanzen ~have a dance;~ den Leuten eins aufspielen ~give (play) the
people a tune; [in counting]~ eins, zwei ... ~one, two ...~
=einsām= ~lonely~
die =Einsāmkeit= ~solitude~
=einsammeln=, sammelte ein´, eingesammelt ~gather (in)~
=einschenken=, schenkte ein´, eingeschenkt ~pour out~
das =Einschlāfen=, des -s ~(the act of) falling asleep~
=einschließen=, schlŏß ein´, eingeschlossen ~lock (up) in (~in ~+
_acc._)~
=einschneiden=, schnitt ein´, eingeschnitten ~cut in(to) (~in ~+
_acc._)~
der =Einsiedel= ~hermit~
die =Einsiedelei´=, -en ~hermitage~
=einst= ~once (upon a time), in days gone by, of yore; some (one) day,
at some future time, one of these days~
=einst´wei´len= ~for the time being (present), temporarily~
=eintönig= ~monotonous~
=eintrāf= ~_see_~ eintreffen
=eintreffen=, trifft ein´, trāf ein´, ist eingetroffen ~arrive [_at a
definite time and place, as planned_]~
=eintrēten=, tritt ein´, trāt ein´, ist eingetrēten ~enter; step (go,
walk) in; appear, begin, set in [_weather or seasons_]~
=einüben=, übte ein´, eingeübt ~practice;~ das muß ich mir einüben ~I
must practice (and master) that~
der =Einwohner= ~inhabitant~
=ein′zelgelē´gen= ~solitary, scattered~
=einzeln= ~single, isolated, solitary, separate; [_adv., also_] by
one’s self (themselves, etc.)~
=einzig= ~single [_without a duplicate_], sole, only, one;~ das
einzige, was... ~the only thing that...~
der =Einzūg=, ⸗züge ~(triumphal) entry~
=einzuhōlen= ~_see_~ einholen
=einzulassen= ~_see_~ einlassen
=einzunehmen= ~_see_~ einnehmen
=einzusammeln= ~_see_~ einsammeln
das =Eisen=, des -s ~iron; _also_ =~ Hufeisen~ (horse)shoe~
=ei′senbeschlā´gen= ~iron-bound, with iron fastenings~
die =Eisenstange=, -n ~iron bar (rod)~
=eisern= ~(of) iron~
=eisig= ~icy, freezing~
=eis´kalt´= ~as cold as ice, icy~
=ēla´stisch= ~elastic, springy~
das =Elend=, des -(e)s ~misery, distress~
die =Elle=, -n ~ell [_a former unit of measurement = about seven tenths
of a yard_; _cf._~ Fuß~.]~
=Emden= ~Emden, a flourishing port and industrial city of about 25,000
inhabitants, situated at the mouth of the Ems, some six miles from the
Dutch border~
=Emdener= ~_adj._ (of) Emden [_Proper adjectives are derived from
the names of towns and cities by adding the suffix_~ ⸗er~ _and are
indeclinable._]~
=empfangen=, empfängt, empfing, empfangen ~receive [_persons or
things_]~
=empfehlen=, empfiehlt, empfahl, empfohlen ~recommend;~ empfohlen sein
~have a letter of introduction (to~ an ~+ _acc._)~
die =Empfin´dung=, -en ~feeling, sentiment~
=empfohlen= ~_see_~ empfehlen
=empōr´= ~_sep. pref._ [_expressing direction upward_] up(ward)~
=empōr´flattern=, flatterte empor´, ist empor´geflattert ~flutter
up(ward) [_Cf._~ kommen~.]~
=empōr´geflattert= ~_see_~ emporflattern
=empōr´schießen=, schŏß empor´, ~[_intr._~ ist~]~ empor´geschossen
~shoot up~
=empōr´sehen=, sieht empor´, sah empor´, empor´gesehen ~look up~ (~to,
at~ zu)
=empōr´steigen=, stieg empor´, ist empor´gestiegen ~climb up; rise;
soar, fly up~
die =Ems= ~[-s, NOT -z] the Ems, a river in northwestern Germany, two
hundred miles long, which flows into the North Sea, forming an estuary
between East Friesland and Holland~
das =Ende=, -s, -n ~end; foot;~ mit etwas zu Ende kommen ~come to
(reach) a conclusion (decide what to do) in the matter;~ =am= Ende
~finally, =in= the end~
=enden= ~[_intr._] end~
=endlich= ~[~ent⸗~] finally, at last, at length~
=endlōs= ~[~ent⸗~] never ending, endless, without end~
das =Endziel=, -e ~[~ent⸗~] extreme end, goal~
=eng= ~[~⸗ng~ _as in_ thing] narrow, close, (of) limited (space),
cramped, small~
=enge= ~[~⸗ng⸗~ _as in_ thing] _pred. adj., or adv._ =~ eng
der =Engel= ~[~⸗ng⸗~ _as in_ thing] angel~
=England= ~[~⸗ng⸗ ~_as in_ thing;~ ⸗nd ~= nt] England [_neut._]~
=englisch= ~[~⸗ng⸗~ _as in_ thing~] ~English;~ =auf= englisch ~=in=
English [_Cf._~ holländisch~.]~
der =Enkel= ~grandson~
die =Enkelin=, -nen ~granddaughter~
=entbehren= ~[_acc. or gen._] be deprived of; do (go) without~
die =Ente=, -n ~duck~
=entfernen= ~remove~
=entfernt= ~removed, distant~
die =Entfer´nung=, -en ~distance;~ =in= einiger Entfernung ~=at= some
distance~
=entfliehen=, entfloh, ist entflohen ~flee, escape~
=entfließen=, entflŏß, ist entflossen ~flow out of [_dat._]~
=entflŏß= ~_see_~ entfließen
=entgē´gen= ~_sep. pref._ [_expressing 1. opposition, 2. direction
toward the object in the dat._] against; toward, to meet~
=entgē´gengehen=, ging entge´gen, ist entge´gengegangen ~[_dat._] walk
toward (to meet);~ dem Bach entgegengehen ~walk up the stream~
entgē′gengesetzt´ ~opposite~
=entgē´genschimmern=, schimmerte entge´gen, entge´gengeschimmert
~[_dat._] gleam in one’s face~
=entgē´genstrecken=, streckte entge´gen, entge´gengestreckt ~[_dat._]
stretch out [_one’s arms or hands_] to(ward)~
=entgēg´nen= ~reply, object~
=entkleiden= ~undress, strip~
=entkommen=, entkām, ist entkommen ~get away, escape~
=entlang´= ~[_with preceding acc. or_~ an ~+ _dat._] along~
=entlassen=, entlä̆ßt, entließ, entlassen ~dismiss, send away~
=entließ=; ~_see_~ entlassen
=entschädigen= ~repay, recompense, compensate~
die =Entschä´digung=, -en ~compensation, reimbursement~
=entscheiden=, entschied, entschieden ~decide, settle~
=entschieden= ~_see_~ entscheiden
=entschuldigen= ~excuse~
das =Entset´zen=, des -s = Schreck ~fright, terror, horror~
=entsetzlich= ~horrible, frightful, terrible~
=entstand= ~_see_~ entstehen
=entstanden= ~_see_~ entstehen
=entstehen=, entstand (~_past subj. often_~ entstünde), ist entstanden
~arise, originate, come into existence; result~
=entstellen= ~disfigure~
=entwischen= ~[~ist entwischt~] slip (steal) away (from _dat._), (make
one’s) escape~
=entziehen=, entzōg, entzogen ~withdraw, take (away), cut off (from
_dat._)~
=entzogen= ~_see_~ entziehen
=entzücken= ~charm, enchant, delight~
=entzünden= ~kindle, light~
=entzwei´= ~_sep. pref._ in two~
=entzwei´brechen=, bricht entzwei´, brāch entzwei´, ~[_intr._~ ist~]~
entzwei´gebrochen ~break in two~
=entzwei´gebrochen= ~_see_~ entzweibrechen
=entzwei´spalten=, spaltete entzwei´, entzwei´gespaltet ~_or_~
entzwei´gespalten ~[_see_~ spalten~] split in two~
=er= ~he; [_referring to a non-personal masc. antecedent_] it~
das =Ĕrbar´men=, des -s ~pity, compassion, mercy~
sich =ĕrbieten=, erbōt, erbōten ~offer, declare one’s self willing~
=ĕrblicken= ~catch sight of, spy; behold, see~
=ĕrböte= ~_past subj. of_~ erbieten
der =Erbschemel= ~[~erp⸗~] ancestral bench~
die =Erbse=, -n ~[~⸗rps⸗~] ~pea~
das =Erbstück=, -e ~[~erp⸗~] heirloom~
der =Ērdapfel=, ⸗äpfel ~[~ērt⸗~] =~ Kartoffel ~earth apple, potato~
die Ērde ~[_pl._~ Erden ~kinds of earth] earth, ground [_In the
phrase_~ auf Erden (= auf der Erde) ~_there survives a trace of the old
inflection of weak (class four) feminine nouns in the singular._]~
das =Ērdenleben=, des -s ~life on earth (here below), earthly existence~
das =Ĕreig´nis=, ⸗nisse ~event; occurrence, incident~
=ĕrĕrben= ~inherit~
=ĕrfahren= ~_participial adj._ experienced~
=ĕrfüllen= ~fill; fulfill~
die =Ĕrfül´lung=, -en ~fulfilment, realization;~ in Erfüllung gehen ~be
fulfilled~
=ĕrgehen=, erging, ist ergangen ~[_impers., with dat. of the person
concerned_] go (well, _etc._) with; do, fare (well, _etc._)~
=ĕrging= ~_see_~ ergehen
=ĕrgreifen=, ergriff, ergriffen ~seize, take;~ das Wort ergreifen
(~_or_~ nehmen) ~begin to speak, take the floor, speak up~
=ĕrgriff= ~_see_~ ergreifen
=ĕrgriffen= ~_see_~ ergreifen
=ĕrhalten=, erhält, erhielt, erhalten ~receive, get; keep, preserve;~
Gott erhalte den König! ~God save (long live) the King!~
=ĕrheben=, erhōb ~_or_~ erhūb, erhoben ~raise, lift;~ sich erheben
~rise; get up, stand up; tower; arise~
=ĕrhellen= ~light (up), illuminate~
=ĕrhielt= ~_see_~ erhalten
=ĕrhōb= ~_see_~ erheben
die =Ĕrhö´hung=, -en ~elevation~
=ĕrinnern= ~[~ich erinnere~] remind (of _gen. or_~ an ~+ _acc._);~ sich
erinnern ~remember, recollect (_gen. or_~ an~ + _acc._)~
die =Ĕrin´nerung=, -en ~reminiscence~
=ĕrkannte= ~_see_~ erkennen
=ĕrkennen=, erkannte (~_past subj._~ erkennte), erkannt ~recognize (by~
an ~+ _dat._); distinguish~
=ĕrklang= ~_see_~ erklingen
=ĕrklären= ~explain~
=ĕrklingen=, erklang, ist erklungen ~resound;~ es erklingt wie...
~there rings out a sound like...~
=ĕrkranken= ~[~ist erkrankt~] fall (be taken) ill (sick) (with ~an ~+
_dat._)~
=ĕrlauben= ~[_dat._] allow, permit (to~ zu ~+ _infin._)~
die =Ĕrlaub´nis= ~[~⸗laup⸗~] permission, privilege~
=ĕrleben= ~(live to) see; experience, meet with, pass (go) through~
=ĕrleichtern= ~lighten, relieve~
=ĕrleichtert= ~_see_~ erleichtern
die =Ĕrleich´terung= ~(feeling of) relief~
=erleiden=, erlitt, erlitten ~suffer~
=ĕrlernen= ~learn [_a trade_]~
=ĕrlösen= ~set free, deliver, release~
die =Ĕrlö´sung= ~release; deliverance~
=Ĕr´mansperg= ~Ermansperg [_the name of a large farm_]~
der =Ĕr´mansperger= ~owner of Ermansperg Farm, Farmer Ermansperg~
=ĕrmüden= ~[~ist ermüdet~] grow weary (tired), feel exhausted~
=ĕrnähren= ~nourish, feed~
=ĕrneuern= ~renew, replace~
=ernst= ~serious, earnest; solemn; grave; stern~
die =Ernte=, -n ~harvest, crop(s)~
die =Erntegarbe=, -n ~(harvest) sheaf~
die =Erntehoffnung=, -en ~hope (prospect) of a good harvest~
=ernten= ~reap, gather (in), harvest~
der =Erntewāgen= ~wagon for (getting in) the harvest~
=ĕrrā´ten=, errǟt´, erriet´, errā´ten ~guess; hit upon; solve~
=ĕrrei´chen= ~reach, arrive at, come to~
=ĕrret´ten= ~save, rescue, deliver~
=ĕrsaufen=, ersäuft, ersoff, ist ersoffen ~be (get) drowned [_A
somewhat coarse substitute for_~ ertrinken~]~
=ĕrschallen=, erschallte ~_or_~ erscholl, erschollen ~_or_~ erschallt
~(re-)sound, ring (with~ von~), ring out~
=ĕrscheinen=, erschien, ist erschienen ~appear, make one’s appearance;
seem~
=ĕrschien= ~_see_~ erscheinen
=ĕrschiene= ~_past subj. of_~ erscheinen
=ĕrscholl= ~_see_~ erschallen
=ĕrschrāk= ~_see_~ erschrecken
=ĕrschrecken=, erschrickt, erschrāk, ist erschrocken ~be(come)
frightened, terrified, alarmed, _or_ startled (at a person or object~
vor ~+ _dat._; at an act, condition, or situation ~über ~+ _acc._)~
=ĕrschrocken= ~_see_~ erschrecken
=ĕrspähen= ~(e)spy, descry~
=ērst= ~[_adv._] first; at first, at the outset; previously; for the
first time, not until, only~
=ĕrstarb= ~_see_~ ersterben
=ĕrstaunen= ~[~ist erstaunt~] be surprised (astonished, amazed)~
das =Ĕrstau´nen=, des -s ~surprise; astonishment; amazement~
=ērste=, der, die, das ~first;~ der erste beste ~[_the first, accepted
as the best without waiting to see whether another would prove to be
better, i.e._,] the first that comes along~
der =Ērste= ~the First [_after proper nouns in titles_]~
das =ērstemāl= ~[_acc. only_] =~ das erste Mal ~the first time~
zum =ērstenmāl= = zum ersten Male ~(for) the first time~
=ērstens= ~[-ns, NOT -nz] first, in the first place, to begin (start)
with~
=ĕrsterben=, erstirbt, erstarb (erstürbe), ist erstorben ~die (slowly),
die away (out)~
=ĕrsticken= ~[_intr_.~ ist erstickt~] suffocate, choke, smother~
das =Ĕrsti´cken=, des -s ~suffocation~
=ĕrtönen= ~[~ist ertönt~] (re)sound, ring (out)~
=ĕrtrāgen=, ertrǟgt, ertrūg, ertrāgen ~bear, endure~
=ĕrtrank= ~_see_~ ertrinken
=ĕrtrinken=, ertrank, ist ertrunken ~be drowned, drown~
=ĕrtrunken= ~_see_~ ertrinken
der =Ĕrtrun´kene=; (kein) Ertrunkener; ~[_pl._]~ Ertrunkene; die
(keine) Ertrunkenen ~drowned man~
=ĕrwachen= ~[~ist erwacht~] awake, wake up [_intr._]~
=ĕrwachsen= ~[~chs = ks~] _participial adj_. grown up~
=ĕrwarten= ~expect, await~
=ĕrweisen=, erwies, erwiesen ~do [_a service_], show [_kindness_];
bestow on;~ sich erweisen ~[_adj., or_~ als ~+ _adj. or subst_.] show
one’s self, prove to be, turn out to be~
=ĕrwīdern= ~return [_greeting, call, affection_]; reply~
=ĕrwies= ~_see_~ erweisen
=ĕrwiesen= ~_see_~ erweisen
=ĕrzählen= ~tell, relate, narrate, recount [_to be distinguished from_~
sagen ~= tell, _i.e._, make a statement]~
der =Ĕrzäh´ler= ~narrator, story-teller~
die =Ĕrzäh´lung=, -en ~(detailed) account, narrative, story, tale~
der =Erzherzōg=, -e ~_or_~ ⸗herzöge ~archduke~
der =Erzvāter=, ⸗väter ~patriarch~
=es= ~it; [_when referring to an antecedent like_ ~Männlein~,~
Mädchen~, _or_~ Volk ~] he, she, they;~ sie war es ~it was she;~ es
ist mein Bruder, es sind meine Brüder ~it is my brother(s), they are
my brothers [_In statements and questions involving identity the
pronominal subject is always in the nom. sg. neut.; the verb agrees in
number with the pred. nom._];~ der sah nicht nur aus wie der Teufel,
sondern war es ~[~= der Teufel~]~ auch ~[~es ~_is often used to avoid
the repetition of a noun or adj._]; = there [_when the logical subject
is emphasized by placing it after the verb, which agrees in number with
this subject rather than with_~ es~];~ es waren einmal drei Brüder
~there were once three brothers; things, matters;~ es wurde immer
schlimmer ~matters _or_ the situation grew worse and worse~
das =Eschenholz=, des -es ~ash~
der =Esel= ~donkey; dunce, stupid fool, numskull~
die =Esse=, -n ~chimney; forge~
=essen=, ĭßt, āß, gegessen ~eat~
das =Essen=, des -s ~(act of) eating; food; meal, dinner, supper~
=ĕtlich= ~[_occurs infrequently save in the pl._] = ~einig ~some~
=ĕtwā= ~about, nearly; possibly, perchance~
=ĕt´wā´ig= ~[_three syllables_] casual, (coming by) chance~
=ĕtwăs= ~[_invariable_] something, anything; some, any; somewhat, a
little, rather; [_a following adj. takes the endings of the neut. sg.
of_~ dieser~];~ so etwas wie... ~such a thing as..., something like...~
=euch= ~_dat. or acc. pl. of_~ du
=Euch= ~_dat. or acc. of_~ Ihr¹
=euer=, eu(e)re, euer ~[_the possessive pronoun used in speaking to two
or more persons each of whom would be addressed with_~ du~] your~
=Euer=¹ ~_gen. of_~ Ihr¹