accumulated experiences are the basis of memory, comparison,
imagination, thought, and apparently spontaneous will. Voluntary
actions differ from reflex by the interposition of this previously stored
factor. For instance, when a frog sees a small object in front of him,
that may or may not be an edible insect, the direct visual impression
does not directly determine his subsequent action. It revives a number
of previous experiences, an image already stored of similar insects
and associated with painful or pleasurable gustatory experiences.
With these arise an emotional effect of desire or repulsion which,
passes into action of capture or the reverse.