minute.
Basin shallow; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow, regular; Stem long.
Core small, oval, pointed; Seeds plump, brown; Flesh greenish-white;
Flavor sweet; Quality good; Use, market; Season, July. Rather too
small.
=Broadwell.=
[Illustration: Fig. 180.--BROADWELL.]
This delicious winter sweet apple originated near Cincinnati, Ohio.
Tree thrifty, vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, varies from globular toward oblate, regular; Surface
smooth, pale yellow or whitish, thinly blushed with carmine, often
bronzed; Dots scattered, minute, dark.
Basin abrupt, rarely folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular brown; Stem short.
Core round, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds short, plump;
Flesh yellowish, fine-grained, very tender, juicy; Flavor very sweet,
agreeable; Quality best winter sweet; Use, table, kitchen; Season,
December.
=Caleb.=
"A Pennsylvania fruit. Tree vigorous and productive; Fruit medium,
roundish, flattened, skin yellow; Flesh rather fine, very sweet,
excellent for cooking. Last of August and first of September".--[Downing.]
=Danvers' Winter Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 181.--DANVERS' WINTER SWEET.]
Origin Danvers, Massachusetts. Tree very thrifty, very productive.
Fruit large, globular, truncate, sometimes globular-oblate, regular;
Surface smooth, uneven, greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, medium,
prominent, with white and green bases.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye small, closed; Segments long.
Cavity wide, deep, brown; Stem long, slender, knobby.
Core round, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, long, brown, pointed;
Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet;
Quality good to very good; Use, baking; Season, December and January.
=Fancher.=
This new fruit was obtained from Mr. Thomson, at the State Fair at
Zanesville, Ohio. Origin unknown. Not identified nor recognized.
Fruit large to very large, globular, regular; Surface smooth, yellow,
blushed; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, green; Stem long, inclined.
Core wide, round, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, brown;
Flesh white, fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality
good to very good; Use, baking; Season, September and October.
=Golden Sweet.=
ORANGE SWEETING.
[Illustration: Fig. 182.--GOLDEN SWEET.]
From Connecticut. Tree very robust, vigorous, spreading, round-head,
early--productive; Shoots stout, dark, foliage large, dark.
Fruit large, globular, regular; Surface very smooth, waxen to rich
yellow; Dots scattered, indented, green.
Basin shallow, wide regular; Eye medium, closed; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem long, slender, yellow.
Core medium, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, small, pointed, light
brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet,
aromatic, like sassafrass; Quality good to very good; Use, baking and
market; Season, August.
=Higby Sweet.=
LADY BLUSH.
[Illustration: Fig. 183.--HIGBY SWEET.]
Origin Trumbull County, Ohio; introduced by Dr. Kirtland.
Fruit large, round, truncated, regular; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots scattered, distinct, white and dark.
Basin abrupt, wavy, deep; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium.
Core small, regular, heart-shaped, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds
plump; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very
sweet; Quality good; Use, baking; Season, October.
=Hightop Sweet.=
SWEET JUNE.
From Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Tree vigorous, very upright, exceedingly productive and profitable.
Fruit small to medium, round, regular; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow; Dots minute, black.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow; Stem medium.
Core very small, oval, separate from the eye; Seeds numerous, angular,
yellow; Flesh white, or greenish-white, fine-grained, tender, juicy;
Flavor sweet; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, June and
July.
=Holston Sweet.=
Origin unknown. Not identified as any other variety; received from my
brother, J.T. Warder, Springfield, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, round, regular; Surface smooth greenish-yellow,
bronzy; Dots scattered.
Basin regular, small; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow, wide; Stem long to medium.
Core small, oval, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds short, plump,
brown; Flesh whitish-yellow, very fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor
very sweet, aromatic, rich; Quality best; Use, table, baking; Season,
December to February.
One of the best sweet table apples--better than _Higby Sweet_.
=May.=
MAY (of Myers)--RHENISH MAY (of Illinois.)
[Illustration: Fig. 184.--MAY.]
This long-keeping apple has been widely disseminated throughout the
West, and yet I do not find its history nor origin. It has been
exhibited at all our winter meetings, and finds favor on account of
its productiveness and its long-keeping properties. Tree healthy,
vigorous and productive--believed to be hardy. Its reputed foreign
origin is discredited.
Fruit medium, round, inclined to conical, regular; Surface smooth,
often shining, pale greenish-yellow, often faintly blushed, or
bronzed.
Basin shallow, generally regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, regular, brown; Stem long, rather slender.
Core large, regular, heart-shaped, reaching the eye; Seeds numerous,
pointed, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, compact, fine, sufficiently
juicy; Quality fair; Use market and kitchen; Season spring and into
summer.
=Morton.=
[Illustration: Fig. 185.--MORTON.]
This undescribed fruit appears to have originated in Clermont County,
Ohio. My specimens and trees came from my worthy friend, Wm. E. Mears,
of Milford, Ohio.
Tree vigorous, healthy, round top, spreading, productive; Shoots
rather slender; Leaves rich green, abundant.
Fruit large, round, regular; Surface smooth, green, becoming yellow,
with a dull bronzy blush; Dots gray and brown.
Basin shallow, or deep and abrupt, regular or plaited; Eye medium,
closed.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem rather slender, often long.
Core very small, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds not numerous,
flat, angular; Flesh white, tender, juicy; Flavor rather sweet, rich,
agreeable; Season December to January. Worthy of cultivation.
=Paradise Summer Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 186.--PARADISE SUMMER SWEET.]
Origin Eastern Pennsylvania. Tree upright, vigorous, productive.
Fruit large, oblate-globular, regular; Surface greenish-yellow; Dots
numerous, large, white.
Basin shallow, wide, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular, acute, green; Stem long, inclined, yellow.
Core medium, regular, round, clasping; Seeds plump; Flesh yellow,
melting, juicy; Flavor rich, sweet; Quality best; Use table and
kitchen; Season August, September.
=Paradise Winter Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 187.--PARADISE WINTER SWEET.]
Origin believed to be similar to its predecessor--Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania.
Fruit large, globular, often unequal; Surface smooth, yellowish-white;
Dots scattered, minute.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core large, wide, open, clasping; Seeds plump and dark; Flesh white,
tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good; Use, baking
and stock; Season, December to March.
=Tallman's Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 188.--TALLMAN'S SWEET.]
This favorite baking apple of New England has traveled from Rhode
Island wherever her hardy sons have gone westward.
Tree hardy, very productive.
Fruit medium to large, nearly round, somewhat flattened, regular;
Surface smooth, yellow; Dots minute, dark; frequently a distinct line
on one side from stem to eye.
Basin wide, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity rather wide, regular; Stem medium size, long.
Core heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump,
pointed, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, firm; Flavor very sweet, rich;
Quality good; Use, baking and stock; Season, December and January.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Bentley Sweet.=
This long-keeping sweet apple was received in Eastern Ohio from some
part of Virginia, where it is supposed to have originated.
Tree quite vigorous, upright while young, spreading, productive--an
early bearer.
Fruit medium to large, globular, truncated, slightly flattened,
regular; Surface smooth, yellow, or greenish, covered, mixed,
blotched, striped and splashed dull red, becoming brighter when ripe;
Dots minute.
Basin medium, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, open; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem slender, long.
Core round, flattened, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, plump, long;
Flesh yellowish-white, firm, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor sweet;
Quality good to very good; Season spring and all summer until
September. Keeps sound.
=Bowling Sweet.=
From Spottsylvania County, Virginia. Tree vigorous, very productive.
Fruit medium roundish, dull red on yellow; Flesh rich, juicy, sweet;
Entirely free from acid; October to January.--[H.R. Robey, in
Downing.]
=Cullasaga.=
Origin Macon County, North Carolina. Good grower; a standard winter
fruit for the South.
Fruit medium or large, roundish, inclining to oval, flattened at base
and crown, skin yellowish, mostly shaded and striped with dark
crimson, and sprinkled with whitish dots; Stem small and short,
inserted in a deep cavity, surrounded by russet; Calyx open, set in a
shallow, corrugated basin; Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, with a very
mild, rich, almost saccharine flavor. January to April.--[Downing.]
=Gilpin.=
CARTHOUSE--LITTLE RED ROMANITE.
[Illustration: Fig. 189.--GILPIN.]
This valuable Virginia apple was cultivated and distributed by Coxe,
and has found its way into the orchards and into favor all over the
country, on account of its productiveness and early bearing.
Tree remarkably vigorous, strongly branched, spreading, open, round
head, very productive; shoots stout, dark; foliage rather sparse,
somewhat curled and glaucous.
Fruit medium, small on old trees, round, truncated at the ends, making
it look cylindrical, mostly symmetrical, but large specimens often
somewhat irregular; Surface very smooth, often polished, deep red all
over, stripes indistinct; Dots minute, indented.
Basin wide, regular, or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem very short.
Core medium, round, regular, closed; Seeds few, large, plump; Flesh
greenish-yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor sweet, rich; Quality poor for
dessert, though it is eatable in the spring--valuable for its cider
from the richness of the must. Keeps sound until May--bruises do not
rot as in other apples. Valuable also for stock.
Its early bearing makes it very desirable in a new country, and in the
prairies it has received the soubriquet of "_Dollars and Cents_."
=Hall.=
HALL'S SEEDLING--HALL'S RED.
[Illustration: Fig. 190.--HALL.]
From Franklin County, North Carolina, and now being spread throughout
the Western States as a fruit of great promise.
Tree medium size, sufficiently thrifty, upright, hardy, very
productive; Shoots long, rather slender, reddish, wood firm.
Introduced into the West by the venerable R. Ragan, of Fillmore,
Indiana. The specimens from which the following description was made
were sent by J.S. Downer, of Elkton, Kentucky, from whom also my trees
were obtained. Mr. J.P. Wilson, of Olney, Ill., says, it originated in
Saline County, of that State, with Jonathan Hall, about forty years
ago. [?]
Fruit small, round, slightly conical, regular; Surface smooth, yellow,
covered with bright red, mixed and striped; Dots numerous, large,
yellow.
Basin shallow, wavy or plaited, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core pyriform, regular, slightly open, clasping; Seeds large, plump;
Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich,
agreeable; Quality almost best; Use, table; Season, December to April.
=Ladies' Sweeting.=
[Illustration: Fig. 191.--LADIES' SWEETING.]
This prime favorite of Chas. Downing originated near Newburgh, New
York. Though having many admirers, it finds strong competitors in the
_Broadwell_, _Paradise Winter_, and some others of the same season.
Tree thrifty, productive.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conic, occasionally angular; Surface
smooth, light yellow, striped and splashed with bright red; Dots
distinct, large, gray.
Basin medium, often abrupt, folded; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity medium or wide, regular, brown; Stem short, or long and
slender.
Core medium, round, closed or open, clasping; Seeds numerous (16),
angular; Flesh white, crisp, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet,
agreeable; Quality only good (to my taste); Use, table, baking and
stock feeding; Season, December.
=Scarlet Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 192.--SCARLET SWEET.]
This delicate fruit was received from _my good friend_ Jas. Edgerton,
of Barnesville, Ohio, who had exhibited it at the State Pomological
Society at different times.
Fruit medium, round, somewhat flattened, regular; Surface smooth,
yellow, striped and blushed scarlet; Dots minute.
Basin wide, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, open; segments short.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium, slender.
Core rather wide, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous,
plump, angular; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet;
Quality good to very good; Uses, table, baking and market; Season,
October to December.
This is different from the _Scarlet Sweeting_ of Sigler, of Morgan
County, Ohio--more like Hampton's Scarlet Sweet, of M.S. notes.
=Sweet Janet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 193.--SWEET JANET.]
This is another of the fine fruits originated by Reuben Ragan, of
Indiana, from seed of _Rawle's Janet_. Tree large, healthy, vigorous,
spreading; Shoots rather stout, brown; foliage rich green. Annually
productive of fine, fair fruits, which are well distributed and hold
well.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conical, regular; Surface smooth, covered
with rich red or crimson, mixed and striped; Dots numerous, rather
large, yellow, indented.
Basin regular or plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity rather deep, very narrow, wavy; Stem quite short.
Core medium, turbinate, regular, slightly open, clasping; Seeds
numerous, angular, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor very
sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking, market; Season,
December and January. Very profitable.
=Sweet Romanite.=
[Illustration: Fig. 194.--SWEET ROMANITE.]
Origin unknown. Grown in Illinois; introduced at the State Society by
the lamented Cyrus R. Overman, President--much esteemed by him.
Fruit medium, round, sometimes flattened or truncate, regular; Surface
smooth, greenish-yellow, blushed, mixed bright red and dull red,
stripes indistinct; Dots scattered, irregular, brown or fawn on the
deeper colors.
Basin medium, or deep and abrupt, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long, green.
Core roundish, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, angular; Flesh
yellow, fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good
to very good; Use, baking, cider, table and stock; Season, December to
April.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Orange Sweeting or Russet.=
An eastern variety--not much cultivated.
Fruit large, very round, regular; Surface greenish-yellow,
bronzy-orange, russeted; Dots numerous, white, green bases.
Basin shallow, regular, or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, lipped, wavy; Stem short, green.
Core very large, turbinate, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed,
pale; Flesh green, rather tough, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet;
Quality good--for baking especially; Season, December.
=Pumpkin Russet.=
Fruit large, globular, regular; Surface covered with coarse russeting;
Flesh spongy, light, very sweet; Used for baking and apple butter;
Season, autumn. Not valuable, except for stock.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED OR BLUSHED.
=Ashmore.=
[Illustration: Fig. 195.--ASHMORE.]
The origin of this fine dessert fruit is not known. Though not
commonly cultivated, it is considerably scattered, and has come to me
from several points in the West with different local names.
Tree vigorous, upright, with long parallel branches that become
spreading. Shoots rather slender, foliage rich green.
Fruit rather large, handsome, round, frequently flattened, regular,
rarely angular; Surface smooth, polished, very light waxen yellow,
almost wholly covered with brilliant lively carmine, very rarely an
indistinct stripe; Dots minute, gray, indented.
Basin medium, often wavy or even folded; Eye small, closed; Segments
reflexed.
Cavity narrow, acute, regular or wavy; Stem medium to short.
Core indistinct, closed; Seeds plump; Flesh yellowish-white, crisp,
tender, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, very agreeable;
Quality best, though not rich; Uses, table, kitchen and market;
Season, September and October; May be kept into winter.
There is also a _Striped Ashmore_, resembling this in every respect,
except in the distinct stripe. It is supposed to be a sport from the
above. Both varieties have been propagated to some extent by suckers
or sprouts.
=Bledsoe.=
From Carroll County, Kentucky; Sent to Ohio by Lewis Sanders. Tree
moderately vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conical, flattened at the base, regular;
Surface greenish-yellow.
Basin sometimes folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, brown; Stem short.
Flesh white, fine-grained, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid,
agreeable; Quality good--Kentucky Horticultural Society say "very
good;" Season, September to April.
=Bush.=
[Illustration: Fig. 196.--BUSH.]
Received from W.G. Waring, Tyrone, Pennsylvania. Supposed to be a
seedling of Centre County. "Tree vigorous, hardy, thrifty, regularly
productive."--[W.G.W.]
Fruit large, fair, round, regular; Surface smooth, waxy yellow,
occasionally a faint blush; Dots minute, rare.
Basin wavy; Eye medium to small, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brownish; Stem long, slender, yellow.
Core medium, round, rather open, meeting the eye; Seeds few, plump,
dark; Flesh whitish, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild
sub-acid, agreeable; Quality very good; Season August and September.
Mr. Waring considers it one of the best of the season, in which
opinion I unite.
=Cornish Aromatic.=
[Illustration: Fig. 197.--CORNISH AROMATIC.]
This foreign variety was imported and tested at Louisville, Kentucky,
by Mr. George Heinsohn, to whom I am indebted for specimens of other
European varieties.
Fruit medium to large, roundish, a little flattened, regular; Surface
smooth, yellow, washed rich red; Dots and spots yellow russet.
Basin medium, abrupt, regular or furrowed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium depth, narrow; Stem medium to long, slender.
Core medium, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds large, plump, angular;
Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, spicy;
Season November to February.
=Duffield Pippin.=
[Illustration: Fig. 198.--DUFFIELD PIPPIN.]
Specimens from my friend T.T. Lyon, of Michigan, who says it is a
seedling that originated in Pennsylvania, at the beginning of the
present century, with the ancestors of Geo. Duffield, D.D., for whom
it was named, when it received a first premium at the Michigan State
Fair, as a valuable winter variety.
Fruit large, handsome, round, sometimes conic, regular; Surface
smooth, yellowish-green, blushed; Dots scattered; minute, indented.
Basin abrupt, narrow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, acute; Stem medium to long.
Core closed, clasping; Seeds plump, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking,
juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Uses table, kitchen and market;
Season January to April.
=Fall Pippin.=
[Illustration: Fig. 199.--FALL PIPPIN.]
It is unfortunate that since the days of Coxe there should have been a
confounding of this noble and delicious American apple with the
inferior foreign kitchen variety: the Holland Pippin.
Tree exceedingly vigorous, large, wide-branching, open head, not early
bearer, moderately productive when old; Shoots stout, dark; Leaves
large, broad.
Fruit large to very large, handsome, globular, truncated, making it
cylindrical, regular; Surface smooth, rich yellow, rarely blushed
South, frequently so North, with skin finer; Dots minute, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, marked with concentric rings which often
crack open in large southern specimens; Eye large, open; Segments
short.
Cavity wide, regular, or narrow, deep; Stem long.
Core large, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, often
imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, compact, very fine-grained; Flavor
acid, becoming sub-acid, aromatic, delicious; Quality best for
dessert, kitchen, market and drying; Season September to December.
=Fall Swaar.=--[OF THE WEST.]
[Illustration: Fig. 200.--FALL SWAAR.]
The origin of this apple is unknown. Like many others of our Western
fruits, which have been received from various sources, and often from
unreliable persons, and with wrong names, we have been obliged to
re-christen this.
Fruit full medium to large, round, somewhat flattened, regular,
handsome; Surface smooth, yellowish-green, with a bronzy blush; Dots
numerous, large, gray.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, acute, regular, green; Stem medium to long, knobbed.
Core rather small, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, large, plump;
Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable;
Quality good; Uses table and kitchen; Season September.
=Gloucester White.=
This Virginia apple was highly prized by Coxe for its qualities as a
cider fruit. Not having seen it, his description is quoted:
"This apple is of middling size, of a shape not very uniform, varying
from oblong to flat; the color when ripe is a bright yellow, with
clouds of black spots; the flesh is yellow, rich, breaking, and juicy;
of a fine flavor as a table apple, and producing cider of an exquisite
taste. The stalk is of the ordinary length, inserted in a cavity of
medium depth; the crown is moderately deep. The time of ripening is
about the first of October, after which the fruit soon falls and is
fit for cider. It does not keep long, but while in season is a
delicious table apple. The tree is very thrifty, hardy and vigorous,
of a regular and beautiful form, and very productive. It is much
cultivated in the lower counties of Virginia, from whence I procured
it, as an apple of high reputation."
=Horse.=
[Illustration: Fig. 201.--HORSE.]
Another southern favorite, much liked by its western cultivators,
especially as a useful family apple.
Fruit large, round, somewhat conical, truncated, uneven; Surface
yellow; Dots scattered, indented, large, gray and greenish.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core large, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds numerous, medium, plump,
brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality
good; Use, kitchen, market and drying; Season, August, September.
=Hunge.=
[Illustration: Fig. 202.--HUNGE.]
This southern apple was received from Mr. S.W. Westbrooke,
Greensboro', North Carolina.
Fruit large, round, somewhat flattened, regular; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots scattered, white.
Basin regular, abrupt; Eye small, closed, very long; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem short, slender.
Core large, wide, irregular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular,
plump; Flesh white, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
mild; Quality pretty good; Use, table, kitchen, drying; Season,
September.
=Knickerbocker.=
Specimens from W.S. Carpenter, New York.
Fruit above medium, roundish, conic, unequal; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, minute, distinct, whitish, indented.
Basin abrupt, wavy, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, slender, green.
Core very wide, closed, clasping the eye; Axis short; Seeds angular,
pale; Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, rich, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen;
Season, October.
=Long Island Pippin.=
Origin unknown. Specimens received from T.T. Lyon, Plymouth, Michigan.
Fruit large, roundish, flattened, regular; Surface smooth
yellowish-green; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, green; Stem medium to long.
Core large, oval, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, angular,
pale; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid; Quality almost best; Use, table; Season, January.
=Lowell.=
TALLOW PIPPIN, QUEEN ANNE, &C.
Origin unknown.
Tree vigorous, healthy, round-headed; Foliage yellowish green.
Fruit large, round, slightly conic, truncated, regular; Surface
smooth, waxy yellow, not blushed or bronzed, becoming greasy when kept
indoors; Dots numerous, green.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, green; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, oval, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed,
pale; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
aromatic; Quality very good; Use, table, cooking, drying, market;
Season, August, September.
=McAdow's June.=--[Local Name.]
Specimens received from Chillicothe, Ohio. Thought at one time to be
Tetofski, but the descriptions do not correspond.
Fruit medium to small, globular, slightly conical, regular; Surface
smooth, greenish, yellow, blushed; Dots numerous, large, white.
Basin medium, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity rather wide, regular; Stern long, stout.
Core small, round, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, brown;
Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Use,
kitchen, table; Quality good; Season, June, July; one of the earliest.
Pomologists have been in doubt whether this may not be the Tetofski.
Comparison should be made of the tree characters.
=Michigan Golden.=
[Illustration: Fig. 203.--MICHIGAN GOLDEN.]
This beautiful apple was received from the accurate pomologist, T.T.
Lyon, of Plymouth.
Fruit large, globular, slightly conic, truncated and somewhat angular;
Surface smooth, becoming greasy, greenish yellow; Dots minute,
prominent.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, long, pointed; Flesh
yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality nearly best; Use,
table, kitchen; Season, September to November.
=Monmouth Pippin.=
RED CHEEK.
[Illustration: Fig. 204.--MONMOUTH PIPPIN.]
Fruit rather large, handsome, roundish or flattened, regular; Surface
smooth, greenish yellow, blushed and marbled; Dots minute, green.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, brown; Stem short, thick.
Core medium, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh
white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good for
cooking only; Season, December to February.
=Newtown Pippin.=
GREEN NEWTOWN.
This is probably the original Newtown Pippin, but by no means the more
common, which is the _Yellow Newtown Pippin_, to be described in
another place.
Fruit medium to large, globular, flattened, sometimes obscurely
ribbed; Surface smooth, green, becoming yellowish green when fully
ripe, sometimes bronzy, and always showing white irregular striæ near
the base when first gathered; Dots scattered, minute, dark.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, plump,
dark; Flesh greenish white, crisp, tender, juicy; Flavor acid,
aromatic, rich, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, dessert, cooking;
Season, December to March.
=Roman Stem.=
[Illustration: Fig. 205.--ROMAN STEM.]
Origin Burlington, New Jersey. Tree moderately vigorous, very
productive.
Fruit medium, globular, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, often
blushed; Dots minute, dark.
Basin shallow, regular, or wavy, russet; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, lipped; Stem long.
Core rather large, heart-shaped, regular, clasping; Seeds numerous,
plump; Flesh yellowish white, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild
sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season,
December, January.
=Royal Pearmain.=
We have two different apples bearing this name, both very promising
and desirable sorts. I shall, in this place, attempt to describe the
one mentioned by Coxe, as my specimens are traced back to his nursery,
though coming to the West by way of Georgia.
Fruit full medium to large, globular, rather flattened, regular;
Surface not smooth, of a rich yellow, finely blushed, with carmine
more or less diffused over the fruit, and overspread with a very thin
russet; Dots medium, prominent, brown.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, brown; Stem medium to long.
Flesh rich yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, sprightly; Quality very
good; Use, table; Season, October to February.
=Virginia Quaker.=
This very fine little apple was obtained from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence
County, Ohio. Origin not known.
Fruit quite small, globular, flattened, slightly conic, regular;
Surface smooth, greenish yellow; Dots scattered, minute, black.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide; Stem medium.
Core ovate, closed; Seeds medium; Flesh yellowish white, firm,
breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good, Mr. Gillett says, best;
Season, mid-summer.
=Voss' Winter.=
[Illustration: Fig. 206.--VOSS' WINTER.]
Southern. The specimens were obtained from Mr. Westbrooke, of North
Carolina.
Fruit medium to large, globular, unequal; Surface smooth, white, with
leather-cracking, and a heavy bloom; Dots minute, irregular, brown.
Basin abrupt, deep, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brown; Stem long, curved.
Core small, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds irregular; Flesh whitish
yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table and
kitchen; Season, December.
=White Pippin.=--[Of Kentucky.]
Fruit large, globular, somewhat oblate, regular; Surface smooth,
green, becoming pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed; Dots numerous,
white, rather large.
Basin small, abrupt, regular; Eye very small, long, slender, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, green; Stem medium, regular, knobby.
Core round, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, long, pointed,
angular, brown; Flesh white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
acid; Quality good; Use, market and kitchen; Season, December,
January.
=Wilson.=--[Of Michigan.]
Fruit large, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth, golden
yellow; Dots scattered, dark.
Basin small, folded; Eye long, closed.
Cavity wide, very deep, wavy, green; Stem medium or short, crooked.
Core small, globular, open, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous,
plump, short; Flesh very yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, rich; Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, January and
February.
=Yellow Ingestrie.=
This old English variety has been propagated pretty extensively in the
Northwest, and though too small for a profitable market fruit, it has
been found desirable on account of its early and abundant
productiveness.
Fruit small, globular, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, lemon
yellow; Dots minute.
Basin wide, shallow, folded; Eye medium, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, oval, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds few, large, pale;
Flesh whitish yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality barely
good; Use, cooking; Season, September, October.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION II.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION II.--STRIPED.
=American Summer Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 207.--AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN.]
This delicious apple is supposed to be of American origin. It is
essentially a fruit for the amateur; being of slender and slow growth
in the nursery, it is not a favorite with the propagators, and though
making a large and productive tree in the orchard, it is not
profitable as a market variety.
Fruit medium, variable in form, being oblong, round, conic and even
oblate, regular or unequal; Surface smooth, greenish yellow, more or
less covered with dull purplish red, marbled, and made up of very
short splashes, with distinct stripes and splashes of brighter red;
Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye rather large, nearly closed; Segments
recurved.
Cavity rather deep, acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Core small, roundish, closed; Seeds small, pointed; Flesh yellow,
exceedingly tender, almost melting, crisp, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
very mild sub-acid, aromatic, deliciously refreshing; Quality best;
Use, the dessert; Season, August and September.
=Baccalinus.=
[Illustration: Fig. 208.--BACCALINUS.]
Fruited by J.H. Crain, Pulaski County, Illinois, on trees nine years
old, which produced ten bushels apiece, showing its productiveness.
This valuable Southern keeper bids fair to become a great favorite.
Tree thrifty, very productive; Fruit small, globular, truncated,
regular, handsome; Surface smooth, mixed bright red, and splashed
crimson on pale yellow; Dots few, minute.
Basin shallow, wide, regular; Eye small but long, closed; Calyx
reflexed.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem medium to long, slender.
Core medium, regular, closed, or slightly open, clasping; Seeds
numerous, angular, dark; Flesh yellow, firm, fine-grained, juicy;
Flavor sub-acid, agreeable; Use, dessert; Season, December till March
or longer; Quality very good.
=Beauty of Kent.=
A large English apple, well adapted to the kitchen. Tree upright,
vigorous, rather productive.
Fruit large to very large, roundish, flattened, somewhat conic,
regular; Surface greenish yellow, more or less covered with bright red
mixed, and splashed with a darker hue; Dots small.
Basin quite shallow, regular; Eye very small closed.
Cavity medium, acute, wavy, green; Stem medium to short.
Core regular, medium, ovate, slightly open, clasping the eye; Seeds
angular, imperfect; Flesh whitish yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor
acid; Quality only good; Use, cooking and market, for which it is well
adapted by its size and appearance; Season, September and October.
=Ben Davis.=
NEW YORK PIPPIN, &C.
[Illustration: Fig. 209.--BEN DAVIS.]
This handsome Southern apple has attained a wonderful notoriety within
a few years, and its culture has been greatly extended, not on account
of its superlative excellence, but because of its many good qualities
as an orchard tree or market fruit. It was long cultivated by Verry
Aldrich, in Bureau County, Illinois, and exhibited as _New York
Pippin_, which name gave an idea of its eastern origin, but in other
localities its relations point clearly to its source in the South. To
Mr. J.S. Downer we are indebted for a knowledge of its present name,
and for confirmation of its identity under its several synonyms. This
apple may be said to have succeeded as well in the northern parts of
Indiana and Illinois as in their southern borders, where it has long
been planted; though the northern orchards are still young, they are
very promising. The fruit is modified somewhat by a cooler climate,
and will keep later than that grown in the South.
Tree remarkably healthy and vigorous, an upright, rapid grower in the
nursery, and has numerous short spur-branches along the stem. In the
orchard the limbs are set very strongly, and the stems are marked by
little mammillar projections or knobs, that are very characteristic.
Tree large, spreading, productive, bears early; Shoots long, reddish
brown, smooth; Foliage large, dark green.
Fruit large, variable in form, round, often apparently oblong,
tapering to the eye, truncated, regular, sometimes inclined, generally
very true, as though turned in a lathe; Surface smooth, often
polished, yellow covered with mixed red, splashed bright red; Dots
minute, scattered.
Basin generally shallow, in large developed specimens deep, abrupt,
always regular; Eye large, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, regular, clasping the eye; Seeds large, plump; Flesh
whitish, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, not rich; Quality
only good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, December, January and longer.
=Blackburn.=
Found in the markets at Louisville, Kentucky; not much seen elsewhere.
Origin unknown, probably Southern.
Fruit large, round, somewhat flattened; Surface dull looking, dull
green and gray, with broken stripes of dark dull red; Dots large, gray
about the apex.
Basin narrow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity rather deep, acute, brown; Stem medium, curved, rather stout.
Core flattened, open, clasping; Flesh white, crisp, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, with a peculiar spicy, wild, rather astringent taste, that
diminishes with the maturity of the fruit; Quality considered good;
Use, family and market; Season September, November. _Blackburn_ is
sometimes used as a synonym of _Fall Queen_, a different fruit.
=Capital.=
[Illustration: Fig. 210.--CAPITAL.]
A seedling of Z.S. Ragan, Clayton, Indiana.
Fruit small, globular, truncate at the ends, regular; Surface smooth,
deep red on greenish yellow; Stripes and Dots indistinct.
Basin wide, deep; Eye medium, open, elongated.
Cavity wide, acute, regular; Stem medium.
Core round, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh yellow,
breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, the
dessert; Season, December and January.
=Carter.=--[Of Massachusetts.]
[Illustration: Fig. 211.--CARTER.]
Specimens from Luke Lincoln, of Leominster, Mass.
Fruit medium, round, flattened, slightly angular; Surface smooth,
yellow, mixed and splashed scarlet; Dots rare, minute.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long.
Core rather large, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds plump and
imperfect, pointed; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December,
January.
=Cary's Summer.=
This is probably an old variety, but it has not been identified.
Specimens from C.C. Cary, near Louisville, Kentucky.
Fruit large, round, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, rich yellow,
mixed, splashed, carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin wide, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, wavy brown; Stem short.
Core medium, roundish, regular, open; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh
yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality very
good; Use, table, kitchen, market; Season, June to September.
=Cluster Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 212.--CLUSTER PEARMAIN.]
Introduced by R. Ragan, of Indiana.
Fruit full medium, round, flattened, regular, inclined; Surface
yellowish green, mixed and striped light red; Dots large, numerous,
gray and yellow; white bloom.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem short.
Core medium, pyriform, nearly closed, clasping; Seeds numerous,
angular, dark; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, tender, granular;
Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, table;
Season, September, October. A most acceptable substitute for Rambo, as
an amateur's fruit.
=Coggeswell.=
Origin near Norwich, Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright, productive
on alternate years.
Fruit large, uniform, fair, beautiful, round, flattened, regular;
Surface smooth, striped red on yellow.
Basin shallow, small; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, brown; Stem short.
Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid,
aromatic, rich; Quality best; Use, table; Season, December to March.
This fruit has been thought to resemble the Ohio _Nonpareil_, but I
think it is different.
=Cropsey's Favorite.=
Originated with D.W. Cropsey, Plainfield, Will County, Illinois.
Fruit full medium, globular, looking oblong, regular; Surface smooth,
yellow, mixed, splashed carmine; Dots few.
Basin medium, regular, russet; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green; Stem short to medium.
Core roundish, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds medium,
angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
rich; Quality good to very good; Use, table, kitchen; Season,
December.
=Daniel.=
This delightful autumn dessert apple is grown in Henry County,
Indiana.
Fruit medium to small, round, flattened, regular; Surface smooth,
mixed scarlet on yellow, splashed carmine; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Core wide, regular, open; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow, very
fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, delicious;
Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, September.
=Dan Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 213.--DAN PEARMAIN.]
This very beautiful seedling was procured by Reuben Ragan from near
the battle-field of Tippecanoe, Indiana, where it was found in a
seedling orchard.
Fruit medium to small, round, flattened, regular, fair and handsome;
Surface yellow, covered with bright red, mixed, striped and splashed;
Dots numerous, large, yellow, prominent.
Basin deep, regular or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, sometimes brown; Stem long, slender, red.
Core small, turbinate, closed; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh
yellow, breaking, tender; Flavor very mild sub-acid, rich; Quality
almost best; Use, table, kitchen, market; on older trees too small for
profit; Season, December to March.
=Day.=
ROYAL PIPPIN.
From Reuben Ragan. Fruit large, round, somewhat conic, regular;
Surface smooth, yellow, striped, splashed, mottled, carmine; Dots
numerous, gray, large.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, green; Stem medium, clubbed.
Core wide, pyriform, slightly open, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed,
angular, dark; Flesh yellowish white, firm, breaking, granular; Flavor
sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen; Season, January. Not destined to
take a very high rank.
=Doctor Fulcher.=
[Illustration: Fig. 214.--DOCTOR FULCHER.]
A Southern apple of some merit. Originated in Todd County, Kentucky.
Tree thrifty, an early and abundant bearer; Shoots slender; Foliage
bright green. Received from J.S. Downer, of Elkton, Kentucky.
Fruit medium, globular, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, yellow,
marbled, splashed carmine; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, wavy, russeted, cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity sometimes wide, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core large, turbinate, regular open, meeting the eye; Seeds large,
plump; Flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, melting, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, rich; Quality good, Downer says "best;" Use, table; Season,
December, January.
=Dutch Mignonne.=
REINETTE DOREE--And Several Others in Europe.
[Illustration: Fig. 215.--DUTCH MIGNONNE.]
A fine large apple from Holland. Tree vigorous, upright, productive.
Fruit large or very large, roundish, flattened, sometimes conical,
truncated; Surface rough, yellow, covered with red, splashed with
bright red; Dots numerous, prominent, fawn-colored.
Basin wide, abrupt, regular; Eye short, wide, open; Segments short.
Cavity medium, acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Core small, turbinate, regular, clasping; Seeds few, angular
imperfect; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, coarse-grained, juicy;
Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use,
kitchen, market, drying; Season, September, October.
=Early Pennock.=
SHAKER YELLOW--HOMONY, of the South?
[Illustration: Fig. 216.--EARLY PENNOCK.]
Origin unknown. Tree thrifty, upright, early bearer, productive, not
long-lived.
Fruit large, variable in form, being sometimes oval, and conical,
averaging roundish-conic, regular, handsome, sometimes inclined in the
axis; Surface smooth, yellow, partially covered with mixed and striped
scarlet, splashed carmine--often the yellow prevails; Dots numerous,
dark.
Basin shallow, plaited or regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem medium or short.
Core long, tapering to both ends, partially open in some, clasping the
eye; Seeds large, numerous, plump, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking,
rather coarse; Flavor acid; Quality poor; Use, market and kitchen;
Season, July and August.
=Fameuse.=
SNOW--CHIMNEY--POMME DE NEIGE.
This is a favorite Northern fruit of great beauty. Origin
uncertain--whether Canadian or French. It is greatly valued in the
North and Northwest as an early winter apple. Tree vigorous,
productive; Shoots red; Foliage dark, abundant.
Fruit medium, round, regular; Surface pale waxen yellow, almost wholly
covered deep red, made up of stripes and splashes that are not always
traceable in the depth of color--absent where a portion of the apple
has been shaded by a leaf; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem short.
Core medium, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
pointed, rich brown; Flesh snowy white, very tender, fine-grained,
juicy; Flavor sub-acid, mild, delicately perfumed, not rich; Quality
good; Use, dessert, kitchen, market; Season, October to December.
=Farley Red.=
[Illustration: Fig. 217.--FARLEY RED.]
A native of Kentucky, already somewhat extended northward. Tree
healthy, moderately thrifty, very productive, making it small.
Fruit small, round or oblong, flattened or truncated at the ends,
barrel shaped; Surface dull red stripes on yellow; Dots minute,
indented, purplish.
Basin shallow, folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, turbinate, open, clasping the point of the eye; Seeds
numerous, plump, angular; Flesh yellowish white, firm, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid; Quality only good; Use, Mr. R. Ragan finds it one of his
best market fruits; Season, March and April, keeping sound and very
salable.
=Glendale.=
Believed to have originated near Glendale, Hamilton County, Ohio,
where I obtained it from A.A. Mullet.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, spreading, well formed head, productive.
Fruit large, roundish, somewhat conical; Surface smooth, bright
yellow, striped and clouded with bright red; Dots small, russet.
Basin deep, abrupt; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy, green; Stem long.
Core open; Seeds numerous, medium; Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy;
Flavor very mild sub-acid, almost saccharine, rich; Quality good; Use,
table; Season, September, October.
=Hagloe.=
This foreign variety has the general aspect of a Russian apple both in
tree and fruit.
Excellent for cooking, highly esteemed by the market gardeners of New
Jersey, where it is much grown.
Tree healthy, vigorous, round headed, productive; Shoots stout, blunt;
Foliage large, light green.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat flattened; Surface pale yellow,
distinctly striped and splashed bright red or carmine, covered with
white bloom.
Basin small, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short, thick.
Flesh whitish, not fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality
good; Use, kitchen and market only; Season, August.
=Hannah.=
AUNT'S, not AUNT HANNAH of Massachusetts.
[Illustration: Fig. 218.--HANNAH.]
This large and rather handsome fruit is found in many parts of the
country, but is not largely cultivated. Its occurrence among Southern
emigrants would lead us to suspect that they might have brought it
with them.
Fruit large, showy, round, somewhat flattened, regular, sometimes
unequal; Surface rather smooth, pale yellow, mixed, distinctly striped
and splashed crimson and carmine; Dots scattered, large, gray.
Basin medium, abrupt, regular, often slightly russeted; Eye medium but
long, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, acute, deep, brown or green; Stem short to very
short.
Core round, flattened or wide, regular, open; Axis very short; Seeds
numerous, short, plump; Flesh light, yellowish white, breaking,
tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, peculiar, not agreeable to
some palates; Quality only good; Use, kitchen, market, drying; Season,
October to December.
=Herefordshire Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 219.--HEREFORDSHIRE PEARMAIN.]
This is supposed to be an old English variety which has reached
certain portions of the Western States from the East, though now
rarely seen there, as its place has been taken by other _Pearmains_ of
American origin and more vigor, such as the _Long Island Pearmain_,
described on another page. Tree slender and slow grower, medium size,
very productive.
Fruit small to medium, roundish, slightly conic, truncated sharply;
Surface smooth, deep red, splashes dark or maroon on rich yellow,
which only shows where the fruit has been shaded by a leaf; Dots
numerous, small, yellow.
Basin wide, regular, abrupt; Eye medium, open, reflexed.
Cavity medium, regular or wavy, green; Stem mostly short, stout,
sometimes quite thick.
Core wide, turbinate, closed, regular, clasping the eye; Seeds
numerous, small, pointed, dark, some imperfect; Flesh deep yellow,
firm, breaking, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor rich, sub-acid,
aromatic, vinous, spicy, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, dessert;
Season, December to February.
Especially adapted to amateur collections.
=Hewes' Crab.=
[Illustration: Fig. 220.--HEWES' CRAB.]
From Virginia. A famous cider apple, found in all extensive and good
cider orchards. Tree of slender growth, but makes a large, spreading
top, immensely productive alternate years, long lived; Twigs slender;
Foliage sparse.
Fruit quite small, round, somewhat flattened, regular; Surface mixed,
striped, purplish red on yellow; Dots numerous, large, pale or fawn.
Basin shallow; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular; Stem long, red.
Core round, regular, open, clasping; Seeds large, pointed; Flesh firm,
yellowish and greenish, juicy; Flavor acid, rich; the must is very
heavy; Quality best for cider; Season, November to January. Also
useful for cooking, except on account of its small size; the rich and
piquant acid makes it a particularly desirable ingredient in
mince-pies.
In Kentucky there is a variety of this apple known as _Beeler's Crab_,
with fruit of similar characters, but the tree is a better grower.
=Hubbardston.=
HUBBARDSTON NONSUCH.
[Illustration: Fig. 221.--HUBBARDSTON.]
This fine apple originated in Hubbardston, Massachusetts. Tree
vigorous, healthy, productive, early bearer, round-leaved, branching.
At one time this and the Baldwin were confounded and mixed in some
Western collections.
Fruit large, fair, handsome, round, somewhat ovate, tapering both ways
from the middle, regular; Surface often uneven, yellow, covered with
mixed red and broken stripes, presenting a rich brownish appearance;
Dots scattered, gray, prominent.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular, leather-cracked, or russeted, or both;
Eye medium or small, open.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem medium or short.
Core large, heart-shaped, regular, sometimes partially open, clasping
the eye; Seeds few, pointed; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained,
juicy; Flavor acid, sub-acid, rich; Quality very good; Use, cooking
early, table when perfectly ripe; Season, November, December.
=Krowser.=
Origin Berks County, Pennsylvania, where I found it very popular as a
productive winter apple for all purposes. Tree vigorous, healthy,
large, spreading, and very productive.
Fruit medium to large, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface rather
smooth, pale yellow, nearly covered with red, and splashed carmine.
Basin small, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium; Stem short to medium.
Flesh whitish, tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich, agreeable;
Use, a good market fruit; Season, December to March.
=Large Striped Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 222.--LARGE STRIPED PEARMAIN.]
This choice Western apple is supposed to have originated in
Kentucky--possibly further South. It is now to be found in Eastern
Ohio, Southern Indiana and Illinois, and in Missouri. Much grown in
Kentucky. In all places it seems to be doing well, and giving entire
satisfaction, excepting that the bark bursts near the ground even in
bearing trees, root-grafted.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, spreading, productive; Shoots rather slender,
dark; Foliage dark green, abundant on young trees.
Fruit large, round, flattened, regular, fair, handsome, though not so
beautifully colored as some others; Surface smooth, mixed, splashed
and striped, pale purplish red on yellow, which shows through the
shading; Dots minute, indented, gray, so that the fruit has a general
gray appearance.
Basin medium, regular, sometimes cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, rather deep, brown; Stem short, medium, or rather
long.
Core roundish, medium, regular, open; Seeds numerous, large, angular,
some imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, somewhat coarse-grained,
juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality quite good; Use, market, kitchen,
table; Season, December to February.
In the West it is more flattened than in Ohio, becoming in large
specimens almost a flat or oblate apple. Highly recommended for
commercial orchards, whether for shipping North or South--particularly
the latter.
=Lewis.=
[Illustration: Fig. 223.--LEWIS.]
This delicious apple originated in Decatur County, Indiana, near
Greensburgh, and was introduced to my notice by one of the early
pomologists of the region, a nurseryman by the name of Lewis, from
whom I obtained my trees after he had introduced me to the original,
which I found to be vigorous, healthy, upright, spreading and
productive.
The fruit was described in the _Western Horticultural Review_ for
1852, before I was aware that my friend Reuben Ragan had an apple of
the same name; nevertheless, this, by priority of publication, will
stand, unless there should prove to be another Lewis that can claim
seniority of publication. I distinguish the other apple by calling it
Lewis of Ragan; it is in another class.--[See Downing, p. 164.]
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat ovate, regular; Surface smooth,
yellow, striped and marbled scarlet; Dots scattered, gray and yellow.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, oval, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds
numerous, plump, brown; Flesh yellow, very tender, crisp, juicy;
Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich, delicious; Quality best; Use, table
and kitchen; Season, August. Marked in my notes "One of the very best
of the new apples."
=Liberty.=
[Illustration: Fig. 224.--LIBERTY.]
This valuable market variety originated near Columbus, Ohio, where it
was brought into notice by M.B. Bateham, the excellent Secretary of
the Ohio Pomological Society, and founder of the Columbus Nurseries.
Tree vigorous, healthy, large, spreading and productive; believed to
be entirely hardy.
Fruit full medium to large, globular, inclining to oblong in
appearance, turbinated or flattened at the ends, regular; Surface not
smooth, yellow, covered with dull red and scarlet, mixed and splashed,
stripes indistinct; Dots minute, gray, prominent.
Basin medium, quite shallow, regular, indistinctly leather-cracked;
Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, acute, wavy; Stem medium, inclined.
Core small, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed;
Flesh yellow, breaking, rather coarse, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid;
Quality good; Use, market and kitchen or table; Season, January to
March, or later.
=Lyscom.=
Origin Massachusetts. This pleasant dessert apple is not generally
known.
Fruit large, roundish, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish,
striped and splashed with red.
Basin large, plaited; Eye large.
Cavity deep, regular; Stem short.
Flesh whitish, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid,
agreeable; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, September to
November.
=Margil.=
[Illustration: Fig. 225.--MARGIL.]
A famous old English dessert apple, rarely seen in this country, but
much better adapted for the closing of a feast than many which are
more pretentious in style and imposing in size. Certainly much more
economical to him who provides even at a higher price per bushel than
those which are too large to be eaten, and are only cut to be left on
the table and wasted. Tree of slender growth, but very productive.
Fruit quite small, round, somewhat conic, abruptly truncated, regular;
Surface smooth, red, mixed and striped; Dots yellow, prominent.
Basin wide, shallow, regular; Eye small, open; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity wide, not deep, regular, brown; Stem long.
Core turbinate, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
pointed, long; Flesh yellow, crisp, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, rich, aromatic, very agreeable; Quality best; Season,
November to January.
=Meach.=
From Vermont; Fruit large, roundish, conic; Skin greenish-yellow,
striped and mottled with light red, and sprinkled with brown dots;
Stalk long, rather slender, set in a pretty large cavity; Calyx closed
in a corrugated basin; Flesh yellowish, rather fine, juicy, rich,
mild, sub-acid, aromatic; October and November.--[Downing.]
=McKinley.=
[Illustration: Fig. 226.--M'KINLEY.]
Highly esteemed by Reuben Ragan, of Indiana, who finds it profitable.
Fruit medium, roundish, flattened, slightly conic, regular; Surface,
smooth, dull red on greenish-yellow, stripes indistinct; Dots
scattered, large, gray.
Basin regular, shallow; Eye large, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem slender, medium to short.
Core medium, ovate, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
plump, brown; Flesh breaking, very fine-grained, very juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, good; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season,
December and January.
=Mexico.=
Origin Canterbury, Connecticut. Tree hardy, productive. Not much known
in the West.
Fruit--obtained from E. Newburg, Brooklyn, Connecticut--medium, round,
regular; Surface bright crimson-red, striped darker; Dots numerous,
yellow-green.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem long or medium, slender.
Core large, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, pointed;
Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality
best; Use, table; Season, August and September.
=Monk's Favorite.=
[Illustration: Fig. 227.--MONK'S FAVORITE.]
This large, showy apple originated in Delaware County, Indiana, and
was introduced to the public by Dr. J.C. Helme, of the State
Horticultural Society.
It was described in the _Western Horticultural Review_, some years
ago, as a promising fruit, and was favorably noticed at the time of
its introduction, but has not yet been sufficiently known for general
recommendation.
Tree vigorous, upright, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, globular, flattened, regular; Surface smooth, yellow,
pretty well covered with stripes and splashes of bright red; Dots
medium, ragged, gray, scattering.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, open.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem medium to long, stout.
Core wide, heart-shaped, open, clasping; Seeds pointed; Flesh whitish,
breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen, table,
and promising for market; Season, November to January.
=Neversink.=
Not having had an opportunity of examining this fruit, I quote the _ad
interim_ report of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society:
"Origin Berks County, Pennsylvania.
"Fruit large, roundish, exterior of an exceedingly beautiful waxen
orange-yellow color, with a few russet dots, and a delicately striped
and richly mottled carmine cheek; Stem very short and rather stout,
cavity narrow, acuminate, shallow; Calyx large, basin deep, rather
wide, furrowed; Flesh yellowish, somewhat tough, owing to the fact of
its being shriveled; Flavor approaches to that of a pineapple; Quality
very good; December to April."
=Newark King.=
[Illustration: Fig. 228.--NEWARK KING.]
An old apple, supposed to have come from New Jersey; found in the
oldest orchards of grafted fruits in Southwestern Ohio, seldom
elsewhere in the West that I have seen.
Tree thrifty, upright, spreading, productive; Foliage dark.
Fruit full medium to large, roundish, flattened or truncated conic,
mostly regular, sometimes ribbed; Surface not very smooth, rich
yellow, nearly covered with dull red mixed, and darker stripes, giving
the fruit almost a mahogany color; Dots numerous, gray, elongated at
the extremities, and coalescing into russet about the blossom end.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded or plaited, covered with fine russet; Eye
small, closed.
Cavity acute, often lipped; Stem rather long, slender.
Core small, oval, closed, not clasping but meeting the eye; Seeds
numerous, angular; Flesh rich yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy;
Flavor acid, rich, sprightly, high-flavored; Quality very good; Use,
kitchen, table and cider; Season, December, January, or longer.
=Patton.=
CARTER of Alabama--MANGUM--ALABAMA PEARMAIN of Peters.
This is a great favorite in the South, and deservedly so, on account
of its good qualities. Specimens from Dr. Jas. S. Blair, Limestone
County, North Alabama, afford me data for the following description. I
have preferred the name _Patton_ because of the other _Carters_:
Fruit large, roundish, somewhat flattened; Surface smooth, mixed,
marbled and splashed carmine on yellow; Dots scattered, distinct,
yellow.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye medium, open.
Cavity deep, acute; Stem long to medium, inclined, red.
Core small, regular, closed, half clasping; Seeds plump and imperfect;
Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, agreeable; Quality
good; Season, November to January.
=Pomme Water.=
[Illustration: Fig. 229.--POMME WATER.]
An apple by this name is found in Northern Illinois; little is known
of its origin or history.
Fruit full medium, globular truncate, slightly conic, regular; Surface
mixed, splashed scarlet on yellow; Dots minute, numerous, brown.
Basin wavy, medium; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, regular; Stem short, thick, green.
Core medium, round, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
angular, imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy;
Flavor sub-acid; Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season,
September and October.
Specimens obtained from Henry Kimball, of Rockford, Winnebago County,
Illinois.
=Ragan's Red.=
[Illustration: Fig. 230.--RAGAN'S RED.]
Origin Putnam County, Indiana, by R. Ragan. Tree vigorous, productive.
Fruit large, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth, bright
red, splashed darker; Dots numerous, small.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long.
Core small, pyriform, regular, nearly closed; Seeds numerous, plump;
Flesh yellow, breaking, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic;
Quality good; Use, table and market; Season, October and November.
=Ribston Pippin.=
This famous English apple does not seem to have many admirers among
our orchardists, but on some accounts it merits a place in the
amateur's collection.
Tree productive, early bearer.
Fruit medium to large, round, truncated, regular; Surface rough,
splashed and mixed dull red on yellow; Dots numerous, minute,
prominent, russet.
Basin abrupt, plaited or regular, russeted; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, closed; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect; Flesh
yellow, crisp, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, rich, aromatic; Use,
kitchen--scarcely for table; Season, October and later, but apt to
wilt.
=Sigler's Red.=
This very handsome apple, from near McConnellsville, Morgan County,
Ohio, was shown before the Ohio Pomological Society, at different
times, by Jos. Sigler, for whom it was named, because it was not
identified as any known variety.
Fruit medium, globular, slightly flattened, regular; Surface smooth,
mixed and splashed bright red; Dots minute, rare.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem short to medium, knobby.
Core wide, indistinct, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, plump;
Flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich;
Quality almost best; Use, table; Season, September.
A beautiful dessert fruit. Elliott gives it as synonym to _Autumn
Pearmain_.
=Small Black.=
BLACK APPLE of Coxe and Downing--AMERICAN BLACK.
[Illustration: Fig. 231.--SMALL BLACK.]
This useful little apple is found in many collections where the
_Jersey Black_ is cultivated, but it seems to be quite distinct.
Origin unknown.
Fruit medium to small, globular, sometimes nearly oblate, regular;
Surface smooth, deep red, sometimes purplish, striping indistinct;
Dots numerous, indented, minute, pink or purple.
Basin shallow, abrupt, regular or folded; Eye small to medium, closed;
Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, sometimes lipped, brown; Stem long, inclined, red or
green.
Core regular, round, slightly open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous,
plump and angular; Flesh yellowish, often pink, tender, fine grained;
Flavor sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Use, dessert; Season,
November to January.
=Smith's.=
SMITH'S CIDER.
[Illustration: Fig. 232.--SMITH'S.]
Origin Bucks County, Pennsylvania, where it still continues a favorite
variety. Its cultivation has extended widely to the westward, giving
great satisfaction as a market fruit, for culinary purposes, but
cannot be recommended for table.
Tree vigorous, hardy, productive, an early bearer; Limbs straggling,
shoots rather slender, light olive; Foliage large, light green.
Fruit medium to large, round, varying from flattened to elongated,
mostly regular, sometimes lop-sided; Surface smooth, pale yellow,
covered with mixed light red, splashed indistinctly with bright
carmine, beautiful; Dots distinct, rather large, light gray.
Basin shallow, wide, or more often plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem medium to long, variable.
Core wide, pyriform, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, pointed;
Flesh white, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, sub-acid, aromatic, not
rich, peculiar, not agreeable; Quality good for cooking only, making
very fine apple sauce--makes much cider, but thin and watery; Season,
December, January and later.
This is essentially a market fruit, and is one of the most profitable
apples planted in Southwestern Ohio and adjacent counties of Indiana.
=Sops of Wine.=
[Illustration: Fig. 233.--SOPS OF WINE.]
European. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit small to medium, round, slightly conic, regular; Surface smooth,
mixed red, shaded dark red throughout; Dots small, scattered, yellow.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy, somewhat browned; Stem long, red.
Core distinctly marked with a red line, wide, oval, closed, meeting
the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh yellow, fine grained,
tender, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good to
very good; Use, dessert; Season, August and September.
=Summer Janet.=
Specimens received from Mr. Johnson, Louisville, Ky.
Fruit medium, round, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow,
mixed red, striped darker red; Dots scattered, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye small, open.
Cavity shallow, regular, yellow; Stem medium to long, green.
Core pyriform, indistinct, closed, clasping; Seeds pointed, imperfect;
Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality
good; Use, market; Season, September.
=Summer Rose.=
Origin New Jersey. Tree vigorous, healthy, spreading, productive,
early bearer; Shoots stout; Foliage large, glaucous.
Fruit small, roundish, flattened, regular; Surface smooth polished,
very pale yellow, striped and splashed distinctly bright red and
carmine; Dots minute.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem medium.
Core large, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, short,
plump; Flesh white, crisp, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
agreeable, not rich; Quality, one of the best early apples; Use,
family, table and kitchen; Season, June to August--ripening gradually.
=Sutton Beauty.=
[Illustration: Fig. 234.--SUTTON BEAUTY.]
An old Massachusetts apple, occasionally found in the West, where it
attains increased size and beauty. My specimens were from W. Hampton,
with many other sorts of interest grown by him in Northwestern Ohio.
Fruit large, handsome, globular, regular; Surface smooth, yellow,
mottled and splashed carmine; Dots scattered, brown, vein-reflexed.
Basin wide, regular, russety; Eye large, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, brown; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium to large, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed,
angular, dark; Flesh whitish, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid,
sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen and market;
Season, December to March.
Thought by Mr. Hampton to be a seedling brought from Southern Ohio.
=Sylvester.=
[Illustration: Fig. 235.--SYLVESTER.]
Introduced by Dr. Ware Sylvester, of Lyons, New York.
Fruit small to medium, round, regular; Surface smooth, white, blushed
and striped bright carmine; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin very shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem medium.
Core indistinct, slightly open; Seeds numerous, plump, angular, long;
Flesh white, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality
very good; Use, table and cooking; Season, September.
=Williams' Favorite.=
WILLIAMS' EARLY.
Origin Roxbury, Massachusetts.
Fruit small to medium, round, regular; Surface smooth, dark purplish
red, indistinctly striped; Dots none.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, shallow; Stem long, slender.
Core large, round, closed; Seeds pointed, brown; Flesh whitish-yellow,
streaked red, breaking, not juicy; Flavor sub-acid, peculiar; Quality
scarcely good; Season, July and August.
=Willow.=
WILLOW TWIG--JAMES RIVER, ETC.
[Illustration: Fig. 236.--WILLOW.]
This Virginia fruit has obtained a wide spread notoriety as a valuable
market apple throughout the West.
Tree very vigorous, healthy, productive, branching, twiggy, thorny
while young; Shoots slender, olive brown.
Fruit globular, truncated, looking oblong from its cylindrical sides;
Surface smooth, dull greenish-yellow, marbled and striped dull red;
Dots minute, gray.
Basin wide, abrupt, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide or acute, regular; Stem long, slender, inclined.
Core medium, round, regular, closed, meeting, not clasping the eye;
Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, juicy;
Flavor acid; Quality only good, but valuable for market and culinary
uses; Season, December to April. Excellent for shipping South.
=Wilson's Volunteer.=
Origin believed to be a seedling or "Volunteer" on the banks of the
Ohio River. Received from George Sibbald.
Fruit large, globular, truncated or flattened, regular; Surface
yellow, mostly covered with mixed red, striped darker; Dots large,
gray and yellow.
Basin deep, regular, leather-cracked; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core small, round, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed;
Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only
good; Use, kitchen; Season, December to February.
=Wright's Janet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 237.--WRIGHT'S JANET.]
This fine keeping apple, received from N.J. Colman and other zealous
pomologists of St. Louis, Missouri, is supposed to have originated in
that region with Mr. W.G. Wright.
Fruit medium to large, round, sometimes flat, regular; Surface smooth,
waxen yellow, mixed, striped and splashed carmine; Dots minute,
prominent, scattering.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, acute, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brown; Stem long, short, or very short.
Core medium, regular, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds numerous, small,
plump; Flesh deep yellow, breaking, very fine grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, rich, very agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use, table,
kitchen and market; Season, January to June and keeps until August.
=Yadkin.=
Southern. Received from S.W. Westbrooke, of Greensboro', North
Carolina.
Fruit large, round, regular; Surface red, striped dark red; Dots
large, scattered, distinct, gray.
Basin abrupt, deep, regular; Eye small, open.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem medium, brown.
Core small, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds small, pointed, brown;
Flesh white, breaking, dry; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only good;
Season, August--and on that account scarcely worth carrying to the
North.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Beeler's Russet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 238.--BEELER'S RUSSET.]
Origin not known. Found in an old orchard on the banks of White River,
in Marion County, Indiana, by my lamented young friend, Geo. M.
Beeler.
Fruit medium to small, round, truncated or cylindrical, inclined;
Surface russeted; Dots minute, prominent.
Basin abrupt, uneven, green; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular; Stem long.
Core large, wide, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous,
angular; Flesh yellow, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid to acid, aromatic, spicy, very agreeable; Quality best; Use,
table, kitchen; Season, November, December.
A choice dessert apple.
=Columbian Russet.=
The origin of this fine, long-keeping russet is not known. Specimens
were received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio. If the tree be
healthy and productive, this variety will be a valuable addition to
our orchards.
Fruit medium to small, round, truncated, lop-sided; Surface smooth,
russeted; Dots minute, scattered, prominent.
Basin medium, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem, long, slender.
Core medium, closed, pyriform, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
slender, angular, dark; Flesh very yellow, breaking, fine-grained,
juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality best; Use,
table; Season, February to April.
Very like the _Golden Pearmain_, from J.S. Downer, which see; they may
prove to be the same variety.
=Court of Wyck.=
This spicy English apple, which has so many synonyms as evidences of
its popularity, has not been a favorite in this country, but
occasionally succeeds well; it has little to recommend it in its
looks.
Fruit very small, round, truncated abruptly, much flattened, regular;
Surface yellow, covered russet.
Basin wide, very shallow; Eye small, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity rather wide; Stem long, slender.
Core small, ovate, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, large,
brown; Flesh rich yellow, firm, juicy; Flavor acid, aromatic, rich,
spicy, sharp; Quality good in its way; Use, "dessert;" Season,
December, January.
=Crownest.=
[Illustration: Fig. 239.--CROWNEST.]
Originated at Kelley's Island, Ohio, in the orchard of Chas.
Carpenter.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, brushy, productive.
Fruit full medium, round, truncated or flattened, often unequal and
inclined; Surface greenish yellow, thinly covered with russet.
Basin regular, wide; Eye large, open.
Cavity irregular, lipped; Stem short, curved, fleshy.
Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds long, pointed,
angular; Flesh green, tender, breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality only
good for culinary uses; Season, November to January.
=English Golden.=
RUSSET GOLDEN, of Barry.
[Illustration: Fig. 240.--ENGLISH GOLDEN.]
Among the russets there has been much confusion, which it is very
difficult to clear up. The apple about to be described came to the
West from the nurseries about Rochester; a very superior variety to
many others that resemble it, and may be distinguished by the palate,
or by the character of the twigs.
Tree thrifty, vigorous, spreading, productive, a rather early bearer;
Shoots slender, olive, speckled.
Fruit medium, round, large ones are oblate, often cylindrical,
sometimes inclined, regular; Surface greenish yellow, covered with
thick russet; Dots minute, white, scattered.
Basin regular, deep, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, rough; Stem short.
Core wide, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds small, flat; Flesh
greenish yellow, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich;
Quality good to best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, January, February.
A choice dessert fruit. Succeeds well in parts of Kentucky.
=English Russet.=
Origin unknown. Procured from Mr. C.C. Cary, near Louisville,
Kentucky.
Fruit large, globular, flattened, somewhat one-sided; Surface uneven,
green; Dots minute, russety and russet streaks.
Basin medium, uneven; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, russeted; Stem medium, green.
Core medium, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump and
angular, some imperfect; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, juicy; Flavor
acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen; Season, December, January.
=Golden Pearmain.=--[Of Kentucky.]
This is another very promising Southern variety, received from J.S.
Downer, of Kentucky; Origin unknown; he procured it from Tennessee.
Tree vigorous, but tardy and shy in bearing; Shoots stout, dark;
Foliage medium.
Fruit small to medium, globular, rather conical, truncated, lop-sided;
Surface yellow, blushed and russeted.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem short to medium, slender.
Core somewhat open, meeting the eye; Seeds plump and imperfect; Flesh
yellow, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor acid, aromatic, sprightly;
Quality very good, almost best; Use, dessert; Season, December,
February.--See _Columbian Russet_.
=Green Russet.=--[N.C.]
Specimens from Reuben Ragan.
Fruit quite large, globular, slightly oblate, regular; Surface yellow,
blushed dull red; Dots green, indented, russet veined.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, open.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium, thick.
Core regular, wide, closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous,
plump, dark; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, granular; Flavor
sub-acid; Quality only good, for culinary use; Season, December,
January.
=Hampton's Russet.=
Fruit small, globular-truncate, to flat; Surface yellow russet,
bronzed, broken russet stripes; Dots scattered, large, yellow.
Basin wide, regular; Eye large, open, green.
Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem long, inclined.
Core medium, round, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed,
brown; Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor sub-acid,
rich; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December.
=Knox Russet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 241.--KNOX RUSSET.]
A very nice little apple, found in the orchard of J. Knox, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania; trees obtained from near Greensburgh, Pennsylvania. Tree
spreading, very productive; Shoots slender.
Fruit small to medium, globular, somewhat conic, regular; Surface
smooth, yellow green, blushed, covered with light russet.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye medium, open; Segments reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, red.
Core round, regular, slightly open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous,
short, plump; Flesh yellow, very fine-grained; Flavor mild sub-acid,
aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert; Season, December,
January.
=Pryor's Red.=
[Illustration: Fig. 242.--PRYOR'S RED.]
This southern apple, probably from Virginia, has been carried through
all the Western States, where it is a great favorite, though there are
some objectors, on account of its having shown signs of failure in
certain situations. The fruit is singularly affected by change of soil
and climate; thus, on the Ohio River, it is seen quite flat and
regular, with a dull green russeted skin, becoming yellow and ruddy;
in one part of the State of Indiana, on limestone, it is gibbous,
round, often very large, and covered with a rich cinnamon russet,
while on the coal measures, west of the center of the State, it is
smaller, regular, and distinctly striped deep red on red, with very
little russet. Specimens from Rochester, New York, have been shown
with scarcely a trace of russet, and having the stripes as distinct
and almost as beautiful as those of a _Duchess of Oldenburgh_, so that
no southern or western man would have recognized it for his home
favorite. The distinctive _leather-cracking_ about the eye was
present, however, in all.
Tree thrifty, growth upright, twiggy, attaining large size, productive
when old; Shoots slender, reddish olive, speckled; Foliage scattering,
folded, grayish green; Subject to leaf-blight.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, often unequal; Surface greenish, or dull
red, striped, russeted; Dots numerous, large, gray.
Basin shallow, regular or plaited, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow, acute, often lipped; Stem medium.
Core round, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular,
pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, melting, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, rich; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen; Season, December,
February.
=Red Russet.=
Origin Hampton Falls, New Hampshire.
Tree very vigorous and productive; resembling Baldwin in almost every
particular.
"Fruit large, roundish, conic; Skin yellow, shaded with dull red and
deep carmine in the sun, and thickly covered with gray dots, and an
appearance of rough russet on most of the surface; Stalk rather short
and thick, inserted in a medium cavity, surrounded with thin russet;
Calyx nearly closed; Segments long, recurved, in a narrow, uneven
basin; Flesh yellow, solid, crisp, tender, with an excellent, rich,
sub-acid flavor, somewhat resembling _Baldwin_; Season, January to
April."--Downing.
This fruit is rarely seen in the West. It has been thought by some to
have originated as a sport from the Baldwin.
=Rolen's Keeper.=
[Illustration: Fig. 243.--ROLEN'S KEEPER.]
Received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio. Origin not given.
Fruit medium, round, regular; Surface rough, splashed red on russet;
Dots scattered, small, white.
Basin shallow, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core roundish-ovate, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds very numerous,
short, plump; Flesh greenish yellow, fine-grained; Flavor acid, rich;
Quality good to very good; Use, table; Season, March, April.
Very promising as a keeper.
=Rustycoat Milam.=
[Illustration: Fig. 244.--RUSTYCOAT MILAM.]
Fruit medium, globular, conic, regular; Surface russeted; Dots minute,
prominent.
Basin narrow, abrupt, shallow; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed,
plump; Flesh greenish yellow, breaking, fine-grained, tender; Flavor
sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good; Use, table; Season, December to
February.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED OR BLUSHED.
=Mote's Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 245.--MOTE'S SWEET.]
This seedling from the _Stillwater Sweet_, grown by L.S. Mote, of
Miami County, Ohio, is quite an improvement upon its parent, which has
obtained a high reputation as a choice autumnal sweet apple. Tree
round, spreading, vigorous; Shoots pale; Foliage large, wide, finely
serrated, and rather pale.
Fruit large, globular, somewhat flattened, or conic-truncated, rather
angular; Surface very smooth, greenish yellow to whitish, with a rare
faint blush; Dots scattered, gray, often rosy, whitish bases.
Basin medium, abrupt, wavy; Eye medium, long, closed.
Cavity deep, wide, wavy; Stem long, yellow, curved.
Core medium, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pale; Flesh
yellow, very fine-grained, almost melting, juicy; Flavor very sweet,
pleasant; Use, table and kitchen; Quality best; Season, September. One
of the most delicious sweet apples.
=Northern Sweet.=
Origin unknown; supposed to be Vermont. Tree sufficiently healthy and
productive. Not generally nor extensively cultivated.
Fruit large, globular, somewhat flattened, angular or regular; Surface
smooth, very pale yellow, rarely blushed; Dots minute, with white
bases.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye long, closed.
Cavity rather wide, regular, green; Stem medium.
Core very small, closed, almost clasping; Seeds numerous, short; Flesh
whitish, breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet; Quality pretty good; Use,
baking; Season, September, in Northern Indiana and Illinois. Downing
says "rich and excellent; September and October."
=Swaar.=
[Illustration: Fig. 246.--SWAAR.]
Origin on the banks of the Hudson, in New York State. Tree vigorous,
spreading, productive; Shoots stout, dark colored; Foliage large,
curled.
Fruit large, form variable, being sometimes flat, where unusually
developed, generally roundish, somewhat flattened, more or less
angular or flattened on the sides, but not ribbed; Surface not smooth,
often rough, greenish yellow, bronzed, becoming a dead golden yellow
when ripe; Dots large, numerous.
Basin medium, wide, regular; Eye small, not long, closed.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, green; Stem long, curved, pretty stout.
Core medium, regular, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous,
angular, pale; Flesh very heavy, yellow, fine-grained; Flavor very
mild sub-acid, or sweet, very rich; Quality best; Use, table and
kitchen; Season, March.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Bailey Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 247.--BAILEY SWEET.]
From Wyoming County, New York. Tree vigorous, productive.
Fruit large, round, sometimes flattened, sometimes angular or ribbed;
Surface smooth, mottled, mixed and striped deep red; Dots numerous,
large, gray.
Basin narrow, abrupt, regular or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity regular, acute green; Stem long.
Core rather large, turbinate, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular,
dark; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet,
rich; Quality good to very good; Use, kitchen, table; Season, October.
A very valuable variety also for stock.
=Brittle Sweet.=
"Origin unknown; good grower, and very productive.
"Fruit above medium, roundish, approaching conic, sometimes elongated,
angular; Skin greenish yellow, shaded and splashed with crimson,
sprinkled with gray dots; Stem short, inserted in a broad, shallow
cavity; Calyx closed, set in a small corrugated basin; Flesh
yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, and excellent; Season,
September, October."--Downing.
=Hull Blossom.=
This is an Eastern or European variety, which I have not seen in the
West. Specimens from Massachusetts.