bearer.
Fruit large, sometimes very large, beautiful, regular, oblate, not
disposed to rot, except when attacked by the birds, which are very
fond of it; Surface smooth, pale yellow, partially covered with mixed
red, striped and often distinctly splashed with bright red; Dots
numerous, gray, prominent; Skin quite thin.
Basin wide, regular, sometimes cracked open; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, green, and partly brown; Stem either short or
long.
Core large, nearly closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, medium,
pointed; Flesh light yellow, almost white, brittle, tender, juicy,
almost melting, never water-cored; Flavor sub-acid, vinous, delicious,
satisfying; Quality best; either for table or cooking, for the latter
purpose they may be taken when half grown in the beginning of July. In
August they may be house-ripened and found good, but the proper season
is September to Christmas; if properly cared for they may be preserved
plump until March, but lose some of their refreshing flavor.
=Wilson.=
[Illustration: Fig. 116.--WILSON.]
This very nice little apple was sent to me with this name from Western
Virginia, by Julius Brace, who found it abundant on Paint Creek. I
have not yet been able to identify it, but it may prove to be the same
as some of our new southern varieties. An outline and description are
here given with its local name, in the hope that if it should prove to
be the same as the _Black Annette_, of the Clinch river region of
Virginia, or some other variety, the identity may be the more readily
traced.
Fruit small, regular, oblate, or globular-oblate; Surface smooth,
nearly covered with very deep red, in which the stripes are almost
obscured; Dots numerous, minute, white.
Basin, deep, regular, plaited or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity regular, acute; Stem long, red.
Core regular, closed, meeting, not clasping the eye; Seeds small,
plump; Flesh white, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy; Flavor mild
sub-acid, agreeable; Quality best; Use table; Season January.
This is different from Wilson's of Michigan, which is yellow.
=Wine.=--[_Coxe._]
HAYS' WINTER--PENNSYLVANIA RED STREAK.
This handsome large apple is another index of the source of population
in a western county. It is a favorite fruit with those who know it,
either for market or the kitchen, for which its size and form render
it peculiarly attractive.
Tree very large and handsome, spreading and very open head; leaves
small, curled, and mealy, making the foliage appear rather meagre, and
displaying the splendid fruit, which is evenly distributed.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, flattened or truncate, regular,
occasionally unequal and lop-sided; Surface smooth, yellow, more or
less covered with mixed and broken stripes of red, splashed with
crimson; Dots scattered, large, gray.
Basin rather shallow, wide, abrupt; Eye small, closed, or open from
breaking of the calyx.
Cavity acute, regular, brown; Stem short, thick.
Core medium, regular, closed; Seeds numerous, large, angular; Flesh
yellow, firm, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality
good, for market and kitchen; Season, November and December.
=Winter Queen.=--[_Coxe._]
FALL QUEEN--KENTUCKY QUEEN--ROBERTSON'S SUPERB (of Ga.)
[Illustration: Fig. 117.--WINTER QUEEN.]
This is a favorite, of southern origin, and has many synonyms. An
excellent apple for drying, for family use and for market. Tree
thrifty, upright, productive, early bearer; limbs long and parallel
while young; shoots dark, stout; foliage large, broad, rather pale.
Fruit large, often very large, globular-oblate, somewhat conic,
regular; Surface smooth, often polished, yellow, almost wholly
obscured with marbled dull red, and darker stripes that are often lost
in the depth of tint; Dots generally small, indented; often a slight
bloom covers the fruit, but it is easily removed, when the skin
appears to be polished.
Basin deep, abrupt, narrow, often wavy or even ribbed; Eye medium,
closed.
Cavity deep, wide, green, wavy or regular; Stem medium.
Core regular, closed, meeting, not clasping the eye axis is sometimes
very short; Seeds large, plump; Flesh greenish-white, tender, almost
melting, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good to very
good; Use dessert, kitchen and drying; Season October to January.
=Yost.=
Having been disappointed in receiving this apple, I give Dr. W.D.
Brinckle's ad interim report:
Fruit rather large, roundish-oblate, beautifully striped, and
delicately mottled with crimson on yellow ground; Stem short; Cavity
wide, deep; Flesh yellow, tender, juicy; Flavor pleasant; Quality very
good.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Perry Russet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 118.--PERRY RUSSET.]
This variety is grown to some extent in the North-west. The specimen
from which the description is made, was exhibited by Mr. Utters, at a
meeting of the North-western Fruit Growers, in 1850.
Fruit medium to large, oblate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow,
covered with fine russet; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin medium, regular, wavy; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, regular or wavy, brown; Stem medium size and length.
Core small, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds few, plump, brown; Flesh
yellow, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, rich; Quality almost best,
for table or kitchen; Season, December and January.
=Pomme Grise.=
[Illustration: Fig. 119.--POMME GRISE.]
Supposed to be of French or Canadian origin. Tree sufficiently
vigorous, productive; shoots slender.
Fruit small, roundish-oblate, regular; Surface even but hardly smooth,
yellow, overspread with fine russet, rarely blushed.
Basin wide, regular, sometimes abrupt; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short or medium.
Core full heart-shaped, regular, closed, scarcely meeting the eye;
Seeds plump, angular; Flesh firm, yellow, breaking, fine grained,
juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic, delicious; Quality _best_, for
dessert; Season, January to March; One of the very best of the
Russets.
=Willis Russet.=
This apple was brought from Massachusetts, by my friend and neighbor
B.F. Sanford, without any history of its origin. The quality of the
fruit has induced me to give its description.
Fruit medium to small, roundish-oblate; Surface rough, yellow, shaded
with light red, covered with russet.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye long, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem long.
Core large, wide, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump; Flesh yellow,
breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid or sub-acid, aromatic;
Quality almost first rate, for the table; Season, December and
January.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--REGULAR IN FORM.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Autumnal Sweet Swaar.=
SWEET SWAAR.
[Illustration: Fig. 120.--AUTUMNAL SWEET SWAAR.]
The fruit is highly commended by J.J. Thomas, who thinks it "one of
the finest autumnal sweet apples."
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive.
Fruit large, roundish-oblate, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, waxen
yellow, sometimes blushed; Dots rare, minute.
Basin wide, shallow, plaited or folded; Eye medium, long, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, wavy, green; Stem long, inclined, yellow and red.
Core regular, globular, somewhat open, clasping; Seeds numerous,
plump, pale; Flesh white, fine grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet;
Quality best, for baking and market; Season, September and October.
=Challenge.=
[Illustration: Fig. 121.--CHALLENGE.]
This is another of the apples introduced by Mr. Elliott, from the
orchard of D.C. Richmond, near Sandusky, O.
Tree productive, hardy.
Fruit medium, globular-oblate; Surface smooth, pale yellow; Dots
black, minute, scattered, and russet spots, becoming a rich vermillion
where exposed.
Basin shallow, wide, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core small, oval, regular, sometimes open, not meeting the eye; Seeds
large, dark; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet;
Quality almost first rate, for table; Season, October.
=Delight.=
[Illustration: Fig. 122.--DELIGHT.]
This variety is grown in the southwestern part of Ohio; origin
unknown.
Fruit medium to large, round-oblate, irregular; Surface smooth,
yellow, bronzed; Dots minute.
Basin narrow, folded uneven; Eye medium, closed; Segments short.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem short, thick.
Core small, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump,
dark; Flesh yellow, tender, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality pretty good;
Use, market and baking; Season, January to June.
=Maverack Sweet.=
Origin South Carolina.
"Fruit large, roundish-oblate, angular; Skin yellow, mostly shaded
with crimson, sprinkled with gray or greenish dots; Stalk short,
inserted into a large cavity surrounded by russet; Calyx open, set in
a deep, irregular basin; Flesh rich, pleasant, vinous, almost
saccharine."--[Downing.]
=Spice Sweeting.=
The specimens described were from Mr. Warren, of Massachusetts.
Others, found in Ohio and Illinois under this name, have a deep,
abrupt basin, large or long eye, and yellow flesh; they must be
different fruits.
An old variety; Tree vigorous, productive.
Fruit full medium to large, handsome, flat, irregular; Surface smooth,
yellow, bronzy, crimson; Dots numerous, green.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem thick, knobby.
Core very wide, open, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, long, dark;
Flesh very white, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality
good; Use, kitchen, baking, stock; Season, September, October.
=Sweet and Sour.=
[Illustration: Fig. 123.--SWEET AND SOUR.]
This variety is interesting as a curiosity, rather than valuable for
its good qualities. It has been suggested that it might be a sport; no
educated nurseryman will now believe the old story of its having been
produced by the combination of the buds of two varieties, a sweet and
a sour.
Fruit large, oblate, often unequal and lop-sided, ribbed, and deeply
furrowed.
Surface yellow and green, the ribs being developed and ripening have
flavor, but the furrows not being developed are flavorless and called
sweet.
=Sweet Sponge.=
[Illustration: Fig. 124.--SWEET SPONGE.]
From H.N. Gillett; Origin unknown.
Fruit medium, oblate, irregular; Surface smooth, yellowish white; Dots
minute.
Basin none or extremely shallow, folded; Eye long, closed.
Cavity wide, irregular; Stem short, thick.
Core wide, closed, scarce meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump,
brown; Flesh white, tender; Flavor sweet; Season, July.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Angle Sweet.=
Fruit medium, round-oblate, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered
with stripes and splashes of red, some darker; Dots white.
"Flesh yellow, tender, sweet, and good, fair and handsome; Season,
first of September."--[Downing.
=Peach Pond Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 125.--PEACH POND SWEET.]
Origin Dutchess County, New York.
Fruit small to medium, round-oblate, pentangular, slightly conical;
Surface smooth, pale yellow, lightly covered with mixed and striped
red, and beautifully splashed crimson.
Basin narrow, regular or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium to long, green,
sometimes knobby.
Core regular, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds small,
short; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet;
Quality almost first rate, very good; for table or baking; Season
September.
=Phillips' Sweet.=
Origin believed to be Ohio; Downing says, Chotocton County, Ohio.
Tree vigorous, healthy, growth upright, very productive. Elliott
thinks it may prove to be the same with Richmond.
Fruit roundish, flattened, slightly conical, obscurely angular or
flattened on the sides; Surface smooth, yellow, more or less covered
with red, striped crimson; Dots numerous.
Basin abrupt, regular, closed; Eye closed, segments of calyx long.
Cavity large; Stem medium length, rather slender.
Flesh yellow, tender, crisp, juicy; Flavor sweet, spicy, rich; Season,
November to March.
=Wing Sweet.=
Tree very productive.
Fruit medium, oblate, angular; Surface very smooth, yellow, mostly
covered with red, indistinctly striped darker red.
Basin wide, deep, regular or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute; Stem long.
Core small, regular, closed, scarcely touching the eye; Seeds ovate;
Flesh yellow, tender, dry; Flavor sweet and rich; Quality good;
baking; early winter.
* * * * *
CLASS I--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--ACID.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Blockley.=
BLOCKLEY PIPPIN, O. POM. SOC.
Originated near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Tree moderately vigorous,
upright, productive.
Fruit large, round-oblate, flattened at the ends, five-sided, angular;
Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots numerous, small,
distinct, dark.
Basin wide, rather deep, wavy or folded; Eye small, closed, or partly
open.
Cavity acute, narrow, uneven, brown; Stem quite short, rather thick.
Core medium, heart-shaped; Seeds numerous, angular and imperfect,
dark; Flesh yellow, compact, almost melting, fine grained, juicy;
Flavor rich sub-acid, sprightly; Quality almost best, for table;
Season, November to January.
=Bracken.=
[Illustration: Fig. 126.--BRACKEN.]
This variety has caused much discussion among the Western Pomologists,
on account of its resemblance to the Early Harvest. The late Dr.
Barker, one of the most intelligent fruit-growers of the country, said
it was introduced as a seedling from Kentucky in 1812. Elliott does
not mention it in his work, but in the discussions of the Society he
is reported as having declared it the same as Early Harvest, with
which it agrees in peculiar growth of twigs. H.N. Gillett, and others,
familiar with the fruits of southern Ohio, consider it a distinct
seedling of Kentucky. The specimen described was from that gentleman.
Fruit medium, oblate, somewhat conical, irregular and angular; Surface
smooth, pale yellow; Dots scattered, dark.
Basin abrupt, medium, folded; Eye small, closed. Cavity wide, deep,
irregular, brown; Stem large, knobby.
Core irregular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds angular, imperfect;
Flesh white, very tender, fine grained; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality
good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, June, July; earlier than Early
Harvest.
=Canada Reinette.=
[Illustration: Fig. 127.--CANADA REINETTE.]
This fine fruit does not appear to be well known to our orchardists,
and some of our writers have given the White Pippin among its numerous
synonyms, and have suggested that they might be the same, which is not
so; they are very distinct. I have omitted the synonyms, as they can
be of little interest to our planters; they are not used in this
country. The origin of this variety is uncertain, probably European.
Downing says that Merlet, a French writer, described the fruit in the
17th century.
Tree vigorous, robust, tall spreading, productive.
The following outline and description of a specimen presented by Irvin
Jessup, of Laporte, Indiana, was kindly made for me by my lamented
friend, Geo. M. Beeler, a short time before his death.
Fruit large, oblate, angular; Surface not smooth, yellow, blushed and
spotted red; Dots numerous, small, gray.
Basin abrupt, deep, angular; Eye small, nearly closed.
Cavity medium, acute; Stem medium, inclined.
Core wide, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds plump, angular, dark;
Flesh breaking, fine grained, very juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid,
aromatic, rich; Quality very good; Use, table and cooking; Season,
December to February, in northern Indiana.
=Culp.=
[Illustration: Fig. 128.--CULP.]
Origin Jefferson County, Ohio; exhibited at the meetings of the Ohio
Pomological Society as early as 1855, by S.B. Marshall, of Massillon,
whose friend, S. Wood, had cultivated it several years; my specimens
and trees are from the Massillon nursery.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, symmetrical, spreading, very productive, not
an early bearer.
Fruit fair, sound, large, somewhat angular, oblate, inclined to conic,
hangs well on the tree; Surface smooth, green with bronze blush; Dots
minute, with green bases.
Basin narrow, rather abrupt, regular; Eye rather large, closed.
Cavity rather deep, regular, brown; Stem long or short.
Core long heart-shaped, regular, nearly closed, clasping; seeds
numerous, very large, dark brown; Flesh yellowish, compact, crisp,
juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, slightly perfumed; Quality good;
excellent for cooking, "compared to Rhode Island Greening;" Season,
December until April.
=Fall Harvey.=
Origin Essex County, Massachusetts. Specimen from Zanesville, Ohio.
Fruit large, oblate, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow or pale yellow;
Dots minute, gray, distinct.
Basin wide, regular, leather-cracked; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem long to medium.
Core wide or globular, regular, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds
medium, pointed and defective; Flesh yellow, breaking; Flavor rich,
acid; Quality only good, but valuable for the kitchen; Season,
October.
=Garretson's Early.=
Origin supposed to be New Jersey. Tree vigorous; an early and abundant
bearer.
Fruit medium, globular-oblate, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, pale
yellow; Dots whitish.
Basin small, abrupt, furrowed; Eye small, closed.
Cavity shallow; Stem short, inclined.
Flesh white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor pleasant sub-acid;
Quality good; Use, table; Season, July and August.
=Harris.=
[Illustration: Fig. 129.--HARRIS.]
This variety was received from North Carolina, and fruited for the
first time in the North during 1866. It was first described and
figured, among other new apples, in the Horticultural Annual for 1867.
In the South it is considered a summer and fall variety, being in
season from August, and continuing for a long time. For specimens, I
am indebted to Doctor E. Taylor, of Cleveland, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, oblate, angular; Surface smooth, yellow,
faintly blushed; Dots scattered, minute, with rosy spots.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye medium, rather open.
Cavity deep, wavy, clear yellow; Stem medium to long.
Core small, open, meeting the eye; Axis very short; Seeds numerous,
angular; Flesh light yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
acid to sub-acid, spicy, agreeable; Use table and kitchen; Season
October; Quality good to very good.
=Loudon Pippin.=
LADY WASHINGTON?
[Illustration: Fig. 130.--LOUDON PIPPIN.]
Origin Loudon County, Virginia. Exhibited before the Ohio Pomological
Society, by Joseph Sigler, of McConnellsville, Ohio.
Fruit large, oblate, conic, angular; Surface beautiful, very smooth,
waxy yellow, handsomely blushed, and bright red spots; Dots
scattering, gray.
Basin wide, regular or folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, not deep, regular, brown; Stem medium, red.
Core heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous,
medium; Flesh yellowish, compact, tender, breaking; Flavor rich
sub-acid, aromatic; Quality very good; Dessert; Season, December to
February. A fine fruit from Washington County, shown at the same time
as the _Lady Washington_; was thought to be the same.
=Ohio Pippin.=
ERNST'S APPLE.--BUCHANAN, ETC.--SHANNON.
[Illustration: Fig. 131.--OHIO PIPPIN.]
We owe our acquaintance with this fine large fruit to the late Mr.
A.H. Ernst, long President of the Ohio Pomological Society, who
furnished trees to Mr. Robert Buchanan, an enthusiastic Pomologist of
Cincinnati. Both these gentlemen were too modest to permit their names
to be attached to a fruit which they did not originate, but which they
have aided to distribute. Another focus of distribution was the
orchard and nursery of R.W. Todd, at Madison, Indiana, and the fruit
has been received under the name of Shannon, from Doctor J.A. Dibrell,
of Van Buren, Arkansas. Origin Dayton, Ohio, from whence it was
procured personally by Mr. Todd, many years ago, and the grafts set by
him are the oldest trees known.
Tree healthy, vigorous, large, spreading; Shoots stout, dark; Leaves
large.
Fruit large, often very large, oblate, somewhat conic, irregular;
Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed faintly near the
base; Dots small gray.
Basin wide, deep, folded; Eye large or very large, open; Segments
short.
Cavity wide, wavy or regular, brown; Stem short, stout.
Core medium to large, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds
numerous, medium, plump, sometimes imperfect; Flesh yellowish,
breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid; Quality good; Market
and kitchen, too large for dessert; Season, December, January.
=Western Spy.=
Origin Jefferson County, Ohio. Tree healthy but medium growth, very
productive; exhibited by Joel Wood.
Fruit large, roundish-oblate, uneven; Surface smooth, yellow, blushed;
Dots numerous, minute, with white bases.
Basin abrupt, uneven; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy; Stem short.
Core wide, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, large, plump;
Flesh yellow, breaking; Flavor acid; quality pretty good; Use,
kitchen, table; Season, December, January.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--ACID.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Berry.=
Not having enjoyed an opportunity of examining this fruit, I quote
from my friend Chas. Downing.
"Origin Virginia or North Carolina. Tree vigorous, upright, very
productive, and a valuable market fruit.
"Fruit rather above medium, obliquely depressed; Skin striped and
splashed with red, on greenish-yellow ground, with large dots, having
a dark center; Stem short, in a generally broad, deep cavity; Calyx
open; Basin shallow, and uneven; Flesh rather coarse, juicy, with a
pleasant sub-acid flavor; November to March."
=Buff.=
For description of this fruit I take Downing's quotation from _White's
Gardener_:
"Origin uncertain; Tree vigorous, erect; Fruit very large, irregular,
roundish flattened and slightly irregular; Skin thick, yellow,
striped, and shaded with red, very dark next the sun, marked with a
few greenish russet spots; Stem three-fourths of an inch long, in a
medium cavity; Calyx in a large, irregular basin; Flesh white, and
when fully ripened, tender and excellent, sometimes indifferent;
November to March."
=Dana.=
From Gabriel Sleath, near Cincinnati, Ohio. The origin of this
pleasant dessert apple is not known. Tree large, productive.
Fruit small, flat, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, rich yellow
partially covered mixed red, distinctly striped carmine; Dots pale
fawn or yellow; heavy white bloom.
Basin shallow, leather-cracked; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity medium, regular; Stem quite long, slender.
Core wide, regular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, short, plump,
brown; Flesh yellow, very fine grained, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
sprightly, agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert; Season,
August.
=Gravenstein.=
[Illustration: Fig. 132.--GRAVENSTEIN.]
This fine European apple is said to have originated at Gravenstein,
Holstein. It has long been in this country, where it succeeds very
well.
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; Shoots vigorous; Leaves long,
rolled, showing the white underside.
Fruit large, globular-oblate, angular; Surface smooth, yellow,
partially covered with mixed and splashed scarlet; Dots rare.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, regular; Stem short.
Core regular, globular, or pointed toward the eye, closed, clasping;
Seeds small, pointed; Flesh yellow, fine grained, breaking, juicy;
Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality best; table and kitchen; Season,
August, September.
=Keiser.=
Origin Jefferson County, Ohio; not widely distributed. Tree thrifty,
upright. The following description was made from fruit obtained of my
friend T.S. Humrickhouse, of Coshocton.
Fruit full medium to large, oblate, uneven; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, mixed and striped red; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin wide, deep, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, deep; Stem quite short.
Core very small, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, short,
plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy; Quality good to
best; for table and kitchen; Season, December to January.
=Mangum.=
A first rate southern fruit. Tree thrifty, and very productive.
Fruit medium, oblate, slightly conic, angular; skin yellowish, striped
and mostly shaded with red, thickly sprinkled with whitish and bronze
dots; Stem short and small, inserted in a broad cavity surrounded by
russet; Calyx partially closed; Basin slightly corrugated; Flesh
yellow, very tender, juicy, mild sub acid, excellent, highly prized in
Georgia and the South; October and November. Carter of Alabama may
prove the same.--[C. Downing.]
=Melon.=
[Illustration: Fig. 133.--MELON.]
Origin East Bloomfield, New York. Tree sufficiently vigorous,
spreading, round-headed.
Fruit large, oblate, somewhat conical, angular; Surface smooth, waxen
yellow, nearly covered with marbled and mixed scarlet, striped
distinctly with darker shade; Dots minute.
Basin, wide, medium depth; Eye medium, open.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green and brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, heart-shaped, wide, partially open, clasping; Seeds
numerous, medium, angular; Flesh yellow, tender, fine grained, juicy;
Flavor acid, sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality almost best; Use,
table, market and kitchen; Season, November to January.
=Muster.=
This very nice apple was introduced to my attention by my very good
friend Calvin Fletcher, Jr., of Indianapolis, in which neighborhood it
grows. Its origin and history are unknown, nor do any satisfactory
responses come to the oft-repeated question--What is this delicious
apple?
Fruit large, oblate, angular; Surface yellow, mostly covered with
mixed red and splashes of crimson; Dots scattering, large, yellow and
gray.
Basin moderately deep, folded; Eye medium, open.
Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem medium to short.
Core small, closed; Seeds plump, dark; Flesh yellow, fine-grained,
tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality best for dessert;
Season, August and September.
=Pennsylvania Winesap.=--[Local Name.]
Origin unknown; Grown in Wayne County, Indiana.
Fruit large, conical-oblate, truncated, angular.
Surface smooth, yellow, blushed, very little splashed; Dots scattered,
minute.
Basin medium, folded, wavy; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, wavy; Stem medium or short, stout, fleshy.
Core regular, closed; Seeds few, plump; Flesh yellowish-white, tender,
fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, table;
Season, December, January.
=Wagener.=
[Illustration: Fig. 134.--WAGENER.]
This beautiful and useful apple originated at Penn Yan, Yates County,
New York; was described and figured in the Transactions of the State
Agricultural Society.
Tree thrifty, upright, productive, and very early bearer.
Fruit large, oblate or globular-oblate, pentangular; Surface very
smooth, yellow, well covered with mixed bright red, stripes not
distinct; Dots scattered, yellow.
Basin wide, abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity regular, brown; Stem medium, green.
Core regular, wide, heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds
numerous, large, angular; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained,
juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality good; Uses, market, table and
kitchen; Season, November and December.
* * * * *
CLASS I.--FLAT APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--ACID.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Cranberry Russet.=
This apple was introduced to the notice of the Ohio Pomological
Society by its Vice-President, J. Austin Scott, of Toledo, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, oblate, flattened at the sides, irregular;
Surface rough, russeted, blushed carmine, uneven; Dots numerous,
large, gray, prominent.
Basin shallow, uneven; Eye small, partially open.
Cavity deep, acute, green; Stem long, slender, knobby.
Core wide, regular, closed; Seeds long, angular, brown; Flesh
breaking, tender, not very juicy; Flavor quite acid; Quality second
rate, but said to be superior for cooking; Season, November and
December.
=Roxbury Russet.=
BOSTON RUSSET.--PUTNAM RUSSET.
[Illustration: Fig. 135.--ROXBURY RUSSET.]
This standard apple is perhaps as widely known and as much admired as
any other in the catalogue. It was brought to the West by different
routes--by the Ohio River and by the lakes--and has been universally
distributed. Those brought to the mouth of the Muskingum River, and
propagated by Mr. Putnam, had the name changed to that of the Marietta
and the Putnam Russet; and at the same time the appearance of the
fruit was so altered by increase in the russeting, that it was long
thought to be a different variety, until the question was at length
settled by interchange of grafts; and when these fruited the identity
was proved.
It is claimed that more money has been realized from this than from
any other variety, though, on the Ohio River, the Rome Beauty is
considered to be equally profitable. The popularity of this Russet is
on the wane, however, as it is very subject to attacks of the
Codling-moth, which makes it fall, and because it is apt to ripen too
early in the season in southern locations and on limestone soils.
Hence its value as a keeping apple is diminished.
Tree robust, vigorous, spreading; Shoots stout, straggling, dark;
Foliage gray-green.
Fruit large, oblate, often lop-sided at the West, frequently angular,
sometimes conic and truncated; Surface overspread with heavy brown
russet in the South, but green, often bronzed, and with partial light
russet at the north of latitude 41°; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin regular or wavy, green, often folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, pointed; Stem medium, curved.
Core regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, imperfect;
Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, granular, often coarse, juicy; Flavor
decidedly acid; Quality second rate; Use, market and cooking; Season,
November to January; a better keeper in the North.
=Whitney Russet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 136.--WHITNEY RUSSET.]
Of uncertain or accidental origin in the extensive nurseries and
orchards of my friend A.R. Whitney, of Franklin Grove, Lee County,
Illinois, where my specimens and trees were procured.
Fruit medium or small, roundish-oblate, truncated, angular; Surface
smooth, yellow, rather thinly russeted; Dots minute, prominent.
Basin abrupt, regular, green; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, wavy; Stem medium to long, slender.
Core medium, regular, heart-shaped, rarely open, meeting the eye;
Seeds very numerous, medium, plump; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking,
very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, spicy;
Quality best; especially a dessert apple; Season, December to
February.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Large Bough.=
LARGE YELLOW BOUGH, ETC.
[Illustration: Fig. 137.--LARGE BOUGH.]
A native fruit, much admired as an early sweet apple. Tree vigorous,
compact head, rather productive.
Fruit round-conic, regular, very light; Surface smooth, white or pale
yellow; Dots minute, dark, indented, few.
Basin rather shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, deep, sometimes brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, nearly closed, clasping; Seeds medium, dark; Flesh
white, very soft, light, juicy; Flavor very sweet when ripe, somewhat
bitter when green; Quality only good--by some called best; Use,
market, stock and dessert--tasteless when cooked; Season, July and
August.
=Fallawater.=
TULPEHOCKEN, ETC.
[Illustration: Fig. 138.--FALLAWATER.]
A native of Pennsylvania, where it is a great favorite; extensively
cultivated through the West.
This is essentially a market apple, having little to recommend it but
its size, appearance and productiveness.
Tree very vigorous, spreading, productive, not long-lived; Shoots very
stout, dark; Leaves large.
Fruit large, round or oblate-conic, regular; Surface sometimes smooth,
greenish-yellow, often blushed crimson--large specimens covered with
whitish veined marks; Dots numerous, gray, large, and having whitish
bases.
Basin rather deep, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity deep, regular, brown; Stem short, stout.
Core medium, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh
whitish, often greenish-white, light, tender, juicy; Flavor very mild
sub-acid, or sweet, with little character; Quality scarcely good; Use,
market and stock; Season, November, December, and may be kept longer
if desired.
=Michael Henry.=
MICHAEL HENRY PIPPIN.--[_Coxe._]
[Illustration: Fig. 139.--MICHAEL HENRY.]
Origin Monmouth County, New Jersey. Extensively cultivated in the
Western States, where it has many admirers.
Tree vigorous, not large, spreading, very productive, early bearer;
Shoots dark, foliage medium and healthy.
Fruit fair, medium to large, conic, regular; Surface smooth, dull
green, whitish stripes, pale yellow when ripe, rarely a faint blush;
Dots scattered, prominent.
Basin abrupt, or shallow, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem short to medium.
Core regular, heart-shaped, clasping, closed; Seeds numerous, plump,
black; Flesh pale yellow, breaking, tender, light, juicy; Flavor
sweet, slightly aromatic, little character; Quality good; Use, market,
kitchen; Season, December and January; keeps well.
=Premium of 1858.=
[Illustration: Fig. 140.--PREMIUM OF 1858.]
Found in a seedling orchard near Springfield, Ohio, and awarded the
premium in 1858.
Fruit medium, roundish-conic, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow;
Dots numerous, minute, white.
Basin shallow, regular, folded; Eye large, closed or open.
Cavity wide, shallow, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core rather large, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
angular; Flesh yellow, line grained, tender; Flavor very sweet, rich;
Quality very good; Use, baking and stock; Season, October to December.
=Shockley.=
[Illustration: Fig. 141.--SHOCKLEY.]
Origin Jackson County, Georgia. This long-keeper from the South
promises to be an acquisition of value for market orchards, unless its
small size may make an objection.
Tree vigorous, very productive.
Fruit medium to small, conic, truncated, regular; Surface very smooth,
waxen yellow, marbled or blushed scarlet and crimson; Dots scattered,
minute, gray.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular; Stem slender, long. Core long
heart-shaped, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump, dark;
Flesh yellow, fine grained; Flavor mildly sub-acid, rich, saccharine,
agreeable; Quality very good; Use, dessert; Season, March to June; a
good keeper.
=Sweet Pear.=
[Illustration: Fig. 142.--SWEET PEAR.]
The origin of this fruit is uncertain; the specimens were obtained in
the orchard of H.P. Kimball, and his father-in-law, Dr. George
Haskell--zealous pomologists at Rockford, Illinois.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat conic, regular; Surface smooth,
yellowish-green, blushed; Dots numerous, minute, gray, indented; red
spots.
Basin quite shallow, plaited; Eye small, but long, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green; Stem long, rather slender, green.
Core small, round, somewhat open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous,
medium, pointed; Flesh greenish-white, breaking, fine grained, juicy;
Flavor sweet, aromatic; Quality good to best; Use, table; Season,
October.
=Victuals and Drink.=
GREEN SWEET OF INDIANA.--POMPEY.--FALL GREEN SWEET.
[Illustration: Fig. 143.--VICTUALS AND DRINK.]
This old variety has met with great favor in its western home, though
not esteemed or much cultivated in the Eastern States, unless about
Newark, New Jersey, where it originated about 1750, according to
Downing.
Tree spreading, large; Branches twiggy, slender, moderately
productive.
Fruit large, conical, regular, but uneven; Surface somewhat rough,
dull green to dull yellow, often veined russet; Dots numerous, minute.
Basin medium, sometimes abrupt, regular or folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem short.
Core small, regular, oval, clasping, closed; Seeds numerous, angular,
imperfect, dark; Flesh greenish-white or yellowish, very tender,
fine-grained, light; Flavor very sweet, very rich; Quality best; Use,
baking, table and stock; Season, September and October--in the North
later, but is not a housing apple.
=Virginia June.=
[Illustration: Fig. 144.--VIRGINIA JUNE.]
Presented by W.P. Putnam, of Ohio, as brought from Adams County,
Mississippi.
Fruit medium to large, oblate-conical, regular; Surface
greenish-yellow; Dots scattered, prominent.
Basin medium, regular, abrupt; Eye medium, open.
Cavity very wide, regular, brown; Stem very short.
Core heart-shaped, regular, meeting the eye, closed; Seeds numerous,
pointed; Flesh yellow; Flavor rich, sweet; Quality good; September to
October, in Ohio.
This may prove to be some known variety, but it has not yet been
recognized.
The _Virginia June_, grown in Kentucky and Indiana, is quite
different, being round, striped and sub-acid. It is esteemed, where
known, as a household apple, but becomes rather dry.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Kentucky Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 145.--KENTUCKY SWEET.]
This is an apple of Kentucky or southern origin, found in many parts
of the western country among the emigrants from Dixie Land, with whom
it is a great favorite on account of abundant fruitage and rich
sweetness.
Specimens, under name, were received from the intelligent southern
pomologist, J.S. Downer, of Fairview, Kentucky, also from J.W. Dodge,
of Pomona, Tennessee, from which the description and drawing are
taken. It has also been seen frequently in Southern Illinois.
Fruit medium, conic, regular; Surface smooth, deep red, stripes
obscured and scarcely visible, the yellow ground color rarely seen;
Dots scattered, large, yellow.
Basin regular, narrow, not deep, leather-cracked; Eye medium, long,
open; Segments short.
Cavity acute, not deep, brown; Stem short to medium.
Core oval, regular, not meeting the eye, somewhat open; Seeds
numerous, large and imperfect, brown; Flesh yellow, tender,
fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet, rich, slightly perfumed;
Quality very good to best; Use, baking, market and stock; Season
November to January. Keeps well.
=Milam.=
BLAIR.--(Rarely.)
[Illustration: Fig. 146.--MILAM.]
This is another little southern favorite, to be found by almost every
cabin in parts of the West. Whole orchards have been planted with
sprouts from the mother trees, among the people to whom the art of
grafting was an unheard of mystery. Now distributed by nurserymen all
over the country.
Tree moderately vigorous, round-headed, twiggy; shoots reddish;
foliage rather dark. Annually productive and an early bearer.
Fruit small to medium, conical, regular; Surface smooth, yellow,
covered with marbled red, indistinct stripes; Dots small, gray,
scattered, prominent.
Basin narrow, wavy, leather-cracked; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, acute, brown; Stem long.
Core ovate, covering the eye, closed; Seeds numerous, some imperfect;
Flesh white, tender, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid or sweet,
agreeable and refreshing, but without any decided character; Quality
good; Use, dessert, in cooking it lacks flavor; Season, December,
January.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Pumpkin Sweet.=
SWEET RUSSET, of Ohio.
Fruit was exhibited at the Ohio State Fair at Zanesville.
Fruit large, regular, roundish, conical; Surface dull green, covered
with a rough coat of russet.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, regular; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh spongy,
light; Flavor sweet; Quality scarcely good; Use, baking, stock;
Season, autumn.
This apple has never commended itself very highly to my notice in the
limited opportunities I have had for its examination, but it is
esteemed in some parts of the country for baking and for
stock-feeding.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=August Tart.=
[Illustration: Fig. 147.--AUGUST TART.]
Origin unknown. Specimens procured from Marietta, Ohio.
Fruit medium to large, regular, conical, truncated; Surface smooth,
yellow-green; Dots numerous, large, yellow.
Basin medium, wavy or folded; Eye medium or small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh
greenish-yellow, breaking; Flavor acid; Quality poor, except for
cooking; Season August.
=Democrat.=
Origin unknown. Specimens obtained from George Powers, of Perrysburgh,
Ohio.
Fruit medium, handsome, roundish-conic, regular; Surface yellow,
blushed scarlet; Dots minute, indented.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity rather deep, very acute; Stem medium to short, slender.
Core heart-shaped, rather open, meeting the eye; Seeds large; Flesh
yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality good
to very good; Use dessert; Season October to December.
=Holland Pippin.=
[Illustration: Fig. 148.--HOLLAND PIPPIN.]
There is a strange confusion existing in some of the books, by which
this fruit has been associated with the Fall Pippin. The Holland, as
grown in Western New York, and through the West, as derived from the
former State, is entirely different; and as that is extensively known,
its description is here given, that it may be compared with the other,
which belongs to a different class.
Fruit large, regular, conic, rather oblate; Surface dull
yellowish-green, rarely bronzed; Dots minute.
Basin narrow, medium depth, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
sometimes imperfect; Flesh yellowish-white or greenish-white,
breaking, coarse-grained, juicy; Flavor quite acid, not rich, not
agreeable; Quality only fair; Use cooking only; Season, October to
December at the North. Not seen in the southern counties of the States
north of the Ohio River.
=Middle.=
[Illustration: Fig. 149.--MIDDLE.]
A comparatively new fruit, from Herkimer County, New York, found in a
division fence between two neighbors; hence its name. Considerably
cultivated in the neighborhood, where it is highly esteemed.
Introduced into Ohio by Mr. John Ludlow, of Springfield, in 1854, and
propagated at the Oakland Nurseries near by.
Tree thrifty and productive.
Fruit medium to large, conical or oblate-conic, regular; Surface
rather smooth, green to pale greenish-yellow; Dots small, irregular,
rather abundant, gray, somewhat prominent.
Basin shallow, nearly regular, russeted, like Rhode Island Greening;
Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, sometimes lipped, wavy; Stem long, slender.
Core small, oval, regular, closed, just meeting the eye; Seeds small,
very light colored; Flesh greenish-yellow, breaking, fine grained,
tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality nearly first
rate; Use dessert; Season December and January, but is said to keep
until May in New York.
=White Winter Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 150.--WHITE WINTER PEARMAIN.]
This favorite fruit was brought to Indiana by some of the early
pomologists, in the days of saddle-bag transportation. In a lot of
grafts, two varieties, having lost their labels, were propagated and
fruited without name. Being considered Pearmain-shaped, they were
called respectively Red and White Winter Pearmains. The former proved
to be the Esopus Spitzenberg; the latter has never yet been
identified, though believed to be an old eastern variety. Mr. Downing
suggests that it may be _Winter Harvey_, a description of which I
have not seen. At one time this apple was confounded with the _Michael
Henry_ by many of us, and Mr. Elliott gives it as a synonym of that
variety, but they are very distinct.
Tree spreading, vigorous, productive, the bark often marked by a kind
of canker or crack. Foliage large, rather light green.
Fruit medium to large, handsome when fair, but often scabby on rich
limestone soils and on old trees, conical, regular, sometimes
obscurely angular; Surface smooth, yellow, often bronzy; Dots
scattered, small, dark.
Basin abrupt, regular or shallow and folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium to long, often knobby and
clubbed.
Core regular, closed, slightly clasping the eye; Seeds few, pointed,
pale or yellow; Flesh yellow, fine grained, tender, crisp, juicy;
Flavor mild sub-acid, very rich; Quality best; Uses table, kitchen,
market; Season December to March.
=Woolfolks.=
This is supposed to be a Kentucky seedling. It was received from my
friend Ormsby Hite, of Louisville.
Fruit full, medium, truncated, regular; Surface very smooth,
yellow-green; Dots scattered, gray, white bases.
Basin medium, wavy, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, brown; Stem short, green.
Core small, heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds pointed,
angular, dark; Flesh white, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid;
Quality good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, December to March.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Alexander.=
This Russian apple, so much admired for its size and beauty, is not a
favorite in the orchard, though some persons have found it profitable
in the markets.
Tree medium size, spreading, moderately productive, early bearer.
Fruit large to very large, fair and handsome, conical, truncated,
sometimes obscurely angular; Surface smooth, pale yellow, striped and
splashed distinctly bright red, sometimes shaded mixed red; Dots
minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity rather deep, narrow, regular, brown; Stem medium to short,
stout.
Core wide, regular, nearly closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds large;
Flesh whitish, breaking, not fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid, not
rich; Quality scarcely good, except for cooking; Season, August and
September. Fruit falls badly from the tree.
=Cayuga Red Streak.=
TWENTY OUNCE, ETC.
[Illustration: Fig. 151.--CAYUGA RED STREAK.]
I have preferred to adopt the above name for this old Connecticut
apple, to avoid the confusion arising from another and very
indifferent fruit that is still considerably cultivated upon the same
parallels with this, and known as the _Twenty Ounce Pippin_.
The Cayuga is a very great favorite as a market and family fruit in
many parts of the country north of latitude 40°--being large, handsome
and productive.
Tree thrifty, healthy, early productive, round-headed, twiggy; Shoots
medium or slender, reddish brown, leaves large.
Fruit large to very large, regular, globular-conic; Surface generally
smooth, yellow-green, nearly covered with mixed red, striped and
splashed scarlet; Dots minute, scattered.
Basin regular, abrupt; Eye small, closed; Calyx long.
Cavity wide, folded, brown; Stem short.
Core wide, large, irregular, open, meeting or slightly clasping the
eye; Seeds numerous, short, plump, pale; Flesh whitish, breaking,
granular, juicy; Flavor sour, not rich; Quality good, only for its
special uses, market, cooking and drying; Season, October to December.
=Clarke's Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 152.--CLARKE'S PEARMAIN.]
Origin North Carolina. Specimens from W.S. Westbrook. Tree grows
slowly, but very productive.
Fruit medium, roundish-conic, truncated; Surface yellow, covered
bright red and bronzed; Dots numerous, large, yellow.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed; Segments short, reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, sometimes lipped; Stem long, red.
Core small, pyriform, regular, closed, scarcely clasping; Seeds, some
imperfect; Flesh greenish-yellow, fine grained; Flavor sub-acid, rich;
Quality good to very good; Use dessert and kitchen; Season December.
=Clayton.=
[Illustration: Fig. 153.--CLAYTON.]
Believed to have originated in Central Indiana. Brought to my notice
by Z.S. Ragan, of Clayton, Indiana; also exhibited by the Plainfield
Horticultural Society at the meetings of the State Horticultural
Society.
Fruit large, conical, flattened, regular; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, covered with dull red, striped and splashed darker;
Dots minute, scattered.
Basin narrow, abrupt, regular; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity wide, acute, deep, wavy, green; Stem medium, stout.
Core wide, regular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, angular,
short, dark; Flesh yellow, breaking, not fine grained; Flavor
sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen and market; Season, all winter
until March.
=Cooper's Market.=
COOPER'S REDLING.
"Fruit medium, oblong-conic; Skin yellowish, shaded with red, and
striped with crimson; Stem short, cavity deep, narrow; Calyx closed,
basin small; Flesh white, tender, with a brisk sub-acid flavor;
December to May."--(Downing.)
=Early Joe.=
This delicious summer apple originated in Ontario County, New York;
Tree moderately vigorous, bushy when young, early bearer, very
productive.
Fruit small to medium, flat-conic, regular; Surface yellow or waxen,
mixed red, splashed carmine; Dots minute, with yellow bases.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye medium, long, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, green; Stem medium, thick.
Core wide, closed, clasping; Seeds plump, brown; Flesh light yellow,
breaking, very fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, spicy,
rich, very satisfying; Quality best; Use, dessert only; Season, July.
=Early Strawberry.=
AMERICAN RED JUNEATING.
[Illustration: Fig. 154.--EARLY STRAWBERRY.]
Origin New York; Tree thrifty, very upright, while young, spreading
and large when older; Shoots dark colored; Foliage abundant on long
stems, bright green, almost shining, rather narrow, long, erect.
Fruit small to medium, round-conic, regular or rarely angular; Surface
smooth, often shining, yellow, mostly covered with mixed red, striped
crimson; Dots rare, very minute; Surface sticky or "greasy" when
house-ripened.
Basin shallow, folded or plaited; Eye medium, long; Segments reflexed.
Cavity medium, regular; Stem long, rather slender, sometimes short,
knobby.
Core regular, closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, broad,
plump; Flesh whitish-yellow, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert, market;
Season, July and August.
=Family.=
This new southern variety is not yet sufficiently known to enable me
to give a full description. My trees have not borne.
Fruit medium, conic, striped red; Season, July and August.
=Flushing Spitzenberg.=
As some doubt has existed in the minds of many pomologists in respect
to this variety, and as many have had this name applied to the
_Baltimore_ of Elliott, I quote that author's description:
"American. Tree vigorous, strong brown shoots; Fruit medium, roundish,
slightly conical, greenish-yellow, mostly covered with warm
yellowish-red; russet dots, with suffused fawn shade surrounding; Stem
slender; Cavity narrow; Calyx small; Basin shallow; Core rather large;
Flesh white, tinged yellow, juicy, crisp, mild, nearly sweet; 'very
good.'" November to February.
=Gabriel.=
LADIES' BLUSH.--GARDEN OF INDIANA.
This is thought to be a southern apple, but the origin is unknown. It
may yet prove to be a known variety in cultivation.
Tree moderately vigorous, productive.
Fruit medium, conic, regular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow, mixed
and striped pale red; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity regular, green; Stem medium, slender.
Core regular, closed; Seeds medium; Flesh tender, fine grained, juicy;
Flavor sub-acid to sweet, aromatic; Quality almost best, for dessert;
August and September, or later.
=Limbertwig.=
[Illustration: Fig. 155.--LIMBERTWIG.]
This well known southern apple is much cultivated in many parts of the
West as a long keeping winter variety. It is a favorite with the
southern immigrants, and found most abundant in regions occupied by
them, but it has been carried pretty far to the north. The synonym
_James River_, as given by Downing, is not met with among the people
as applied to this apple, but the _Willow Twig_ is often so named.
Tree thrifty, exceedingly productive; Shoots slender and drooping with
the heavy crops.
Fruit medium to small, roundish conic, regular; Surface rather
smooth, mixed dull purplish red, on green, stripes scarcely to be
traced; Dots numerous, large, irregular, brown.
Basin medium, regular; Eye small, open.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem medium, curved.
Core rather large, regular, turbinate, closed, clasping; Seeds
numerous, small, plump, long; Flesh greenish-yellow, firm; Flavor
sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality very good; Use, table and kitchen;
Season, March and April. Keeps very well, but wilts if exposed to the
air--preserved very well in the ground.
=Long Island Seek-no-Further.=
WESTCHESTER SEEK-NO-FURTHER.
This old variety still has its admirers in the Eastern States, but is
not often seen in the West. I describe specimens from Wm. S.
Carpenter, of Westchester County, New York.
The tree is vigorous and productive.
Fruit rather large, oblate, conic, regular; Surface greenish-yellow,
splashed bright red; Dots numerous, scattered, russet.
Basin shallow, wavy; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long.
Core regular, closed; Seeds pointed, angular, imperfect; Flesh
greenish-white, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality
good to very good; Use, table, cooking; Season, October, November.
=Polly Bright.=
Origin Virginia. Considerably cultivated in Eastern Ohio.
"Fruit elongated, conic; Skin light yellow, shaded carmine, obscurely
striped; Stalk of medium length, in an acute cavity, russeted; Calyx
in a small furrowed basin. Flesh tender, juicy, with a pleasant
sub-acid flavor; September, October."--(Downing.)
=Rawle's Janet.=
JANETTING OR GENETON--NEVER FAIL--ROCK RIMMON, ETC., ETC.
[Illustration: Fig. 156.--RAWLE'S JANET.]
This famous southern apple has been spread throughout the West, and
even the Northwest where, however, it has not proved hardy. It also
has the fault of over-bearing, when the fruit is often small and
insipid. In suitable soils it is very fine and deservedly a favorite
with planters, some of whom recommend fifty trees of this variety in
an orchard of one hundred. Origin Virginia.
Tree thrifty, not large, spreading; Twigs brownish, foliage medium,
rather whitish. Blossoms appear later than other sorts, and thus they
sometimes escape a spring frost.
Fruit medium, sometimes large when thinned, flattened, conic, regular;
Surface smooth, mixed and striped crimson on yellow and green; Dots
numerous, small.
Basin wide, regular; Eye small, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, deep, regular, brown; Stem long, curved.
Core regular, heart-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump;
Flesh yellowish, crisp, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, vinous, refreshing; Quality good to very good; Use, dessert,
kitchen, market and cider; Season, February, March, and later.
=Red Winter Pearmain.=
RED GILLIFLOWER--RED LADY FINGER--BUNCOMBE? ETC.
This favorite southern apple is widely diffused through the South and
West, and its good qualities have made it many admirers. Origin
uncertain.
Tree sufficiently vigorous, upright, productive, annual bearer.
Fruit medium to large, conic, regular; Surface smooth, deep red,
almost purplish on yellow, stripes nearly lost in the depth of
coloring, whitish shading exteriorly, not a bloom; Dots numerous,
minute.
Basin regular, plaited or folded; Eye long or large, open.
Cavity acute, regular, green; Stem medium length, thick, knobby.
Core medium, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, large, plump; Flesh
yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, almost sweet, rich,
satisfying; Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, December and
January.
=Rosy Red.=
[Illustration: Fig. 157.--ROSY RED.]
This is one of the valuable fruits which we owe to the indefatigable
efforts, of that earnest pomologist and thus philanthropist, Lewis
Jones, of Cambridge, Indiana. Found in a seedling orchard.
Fruit medium, conical, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, bright red,
generally diffused, indistinctly striped; Dots scattered, medium,
yellow.
Basin medium, shallow, regular or folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, narrow, deep, brown; Stem medium, slender, yellow.
Core wide, indistinct, partly open, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds
few, plump and imperfect; Flesh pale yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid; Quality good; Use, market and table; Season, December and
January.
=Westfield Seek-no-Further.=
[Illustration: Fig. 158.--WESTFIELD SEEK-NO-FURTHER.]
This favorite Connecticut apple has been widely disseminated
throughout the country, and is universally admired by those who come
from the Northern States; on lower parallels it is less known, and
not so highly appreciated, nor is it so fine a fruit, being larger,
but less compact, more spongy, less beautifully colored and sometimes
almost a russet.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, spreading, productive.
Fruit medium, roundish-conic; Surface smooth dull red, mixed and
striped on yellow, in the North clear bright red; Dots scattered,
large, yellow; leather-cracked and russeted about the apex.
Basin shallow, regular, leather-cracked; Eye small, closed or open.
Cavity pointed, regular, brown; Stem long.
Core medium, regular, closed, meeting and clasping the eye; Seeds
numerous, small, pointed; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, breaking;
Flavor very mild sub-acid, aromatic, satisfying, not high flavored nor
spicy; Quality only good in my estimation; Use, table and market;
Season, December.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=American Golden Russet.=
BULLOCK'S PIPPIN, ETC.
[Illustration: Fig. 159.--AMERICAN GOLDEN RUSSET.]
This delicious table apple is a universal favorite with all who can
appreciate delicacy of flavor and fineness of flesh in an apple, and
yet it is not a profitable variety for orchard planting, because the
fruit is very apt to be imperfect. The best I have seen were from the
South, and sandstone soils.
Tree vigorous, upright, round-headed, small; Foliage large, healthy.
Fruit small to medium, round-conic, regular when perfect; Surface
smooth, yellow, covered with thin russet, sometimes faintly blushed;
Dots minute.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, pointed; Flesh
yellowish, very fine grained, tender, when fully ripe almost melting,
like a pear, juicy, becoming dry when over ripe; Flavor sub-acid,
rich, aromatic; Quality very best; Use, dessert; Season, November and
December.
=Cheesborough.=
This is one of the largest and one of the poorest of the Russet
apples, and unworthy of cultivation; on that account put upon record
to be avoided.
Fruit large and fair, conical, regular; Surface dull green, overspread
with thin russet, or more southward.
Basin irregular, green; Eye large, closed.
Cavity pointed, regular; Stem short.
Core large, closed, clasping; Seeds long, pointed, angular; Flesh
green, breaking, coarse, often dry; Flavor acid or sub-acid, not rich;
Quality poor; Use, kitchen only; Season, November and December.
=Egyptian Russet.=
BAGBY RUSSET.
[Illustration: Fig. 160.--EGYPTIAN RUSSET.]
This capital dessert fruit was found in Southern Illinois and
introduced to his fellow pomologists of the State Society by Jno. M.
Hunter, nurseryman, of Ashley. Its origin is unknown, but supposed,
like the pioneers of the region, to have come from Tennessee, or some
other Southern State.
Tree symmetrical, moderately vigorous, productive; Twigs slender.
Fruit medium, regular, conical, truncated; Surface smooth, light
yellow, covered with fine russet, obscurely striped gray.
Basin wide, wavy, plaited, green; Eye medium to large, open.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem medium.
Core irregular, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds large, plump;
Flesh very tender, fine grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic,
rich, pear-like; Quality _very best_; Use, dessert; Season, December
and January, until March. Like other russets disposed to wilt if too
much exposed to the air.
=Poughkeepsie Russet.=
ENGLISH RUSSET.
[Illustration: Fig. 161.--POUGHKEEPSIE RUSSET.]
Origin New York; Tree tender, vigorous, upright, productive; Shoots
brown, slender; Foliage healthy.
Fruit medium, conical or globular-conical, regular; Surface smooth,
almost polished, dull yellowish-green, often bronzed near the base,
more or less covered with fine russet.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity pointed, wavy; Stem long.
Core closed, not meeting the eye; Seeds imperfect; Flesh greenish,
firm, inclined to be tough; Flavor acid, poor; Quality third rate;
Use, market and cooking only, and valued because it keeps soundly for
a long time; Season, December until June.
=Ross' Nonpareil.=
SPICE RUSSET? OF OHIO.
[Illustration: Fig. 162.--ROSS' NONPAREIL.]
The delicious fruit about to be described is believed to be the
celebrated Irish apple mentioned by Thompson, Lindley, and others; if
not, we have found another choice fruit, which deserves to be better
known. It is frequently found at the exhibitions in Ohio and Indiana.
Often shown as _Spice Russet_, flatter and irregular: _Vide
conspectus._
Fruit medium, regular, oblate-conical; Surface smooth, yellowish, thin
russet, rarely blushed dull carmine; Dots minute, gray.
Basin wide, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long, inclined.
Core regular, open, scarcely meeting the eye; Axis short; Seeds
numerous, medium, plump; Flesh white, breaking, fine grained, tender;
Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality almost best; for table;
Season December.
=Spafford Russet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 163.--SPAFFORD RUSSET.]
This apple is supposed to have originated near old Fort Miami, in
Northern Ohio, and was introduced to the notice of the Ohio
Pomological Society by its Vice-President, J. Austin Scott, of Toledo,
who cultivates the variety on the banks of the Maumee, near the place
of its supposed origin.
Fruit medium, flattened-conical, regular; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, lightly russeted, rarely bronzed; Dots minute,
green.
Basin medium, abrupt, narrow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, green; Stem medium.
Core small, open, regular, meeting the eye; Axis short. Seeds
numerous, plump, angular; Flesh white, fine grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, rich, aromatic, agreeable; Quality good to very good; Use,
table; Season, December until March.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR OR ANGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Belden Sweet.=
"Grown in Connecticut, very prolific; Fruit medium or below, conic,
angular; Skin light yellow, with a warm cheek. Stem medium, in an
acute deep cavity; Calyx closed, in a small basin; Flesh white,
tender, juicy, saccharine, with a pleasant aromatic flavor; December
to March."--(Downing.)
=Lyman's Pumpkin Sweet.=
POUND SWEET.
Origin, the orchard of S. Lyman, Manchester, Connecticut. A very
handsome, large, sweet apple, valued for baking and for stock-feeding.
Tree vigorous, spreading, drooping, rather productive.
Fruit large to very large, roundish-conical, angular; Surface very
smooth, pale yellow; Dots minute.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem medium or short.
Core large, closed; Seeds angular, dark; Flesh yellowish, breaking,
juicy, often water-cored and heavy; Flavor very sweet; Quality good;
Use, baking and stock-feeding; Season, October to December.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Sweet Russet= of Kentucky.
[Illustration: Fig. 164.--SWEET RUSSET OF KENTUCKY.]
This fruit was received from J.S. Downer & Son, Elkton, Kentucky.
Fruit small, conical, truncated, angular; Surface rough, dark russet;
Dots scattered, minute, white, prominent.
Basin shallow, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity very shallow, acute; Stem short, slender.
Core large, regular, nearly closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
angular, pale; Flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, not tender; Flavor
sweet; Quality scarcely good; Season, December to February.
=Sweet Russet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 165.--SWEET RUSSET.]
Fruit medium, conical, uneven; Surface yellow, thin russet; Dots
numerous, small, prominent.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy; Stem short.
Core oval, open, clasping the eye; Seeds plump; Flesh yellow, tender,
fine grained, juicy; Flavor sweet; Quality good to very good; Use,
baking; Season, August.
S.B. Parsons of Flushing, Long Island, considers it the best baking
apple.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED OR BLUSHED.
=Belmont.=
GATE--MAMMA BEAN, ETC.
[Illustration: Fig. 166.--BELMONT.]
This beautiful apple is believed to be of Virginia origin, but was
brought into public notice and notoriety in Belmont County, Ohio,
whence its name. It is supposed to be the same as the _Waxen_ of Coxe,
which that author refers to Virginia.
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive, not hardy; Twigs light olive.
Fruit large, fair, oblate-conic, often angular; Surface very smooth,
waxen-yellow, often faintly blushed orange, and spotted red; Dots
minute, scattered.
Basin regular or wavy, not deep; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long.
Core wide, regular, somewhat open, clasping; Axis short; Seeds
numerous, large, flat; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy;
Flavor mild sub-acid, refreshing, very agreeable; Quality nearly best;
Use, table, kitchen, market; Season, October to December.
=Celestia.=
[Illustration: Fig. 167.--CELESTIA.]
This fine amateur fruit, which appears destined to take the place of
the Dyer, being more handsome, is a seedling from the _Stillwater
Sweet_, and was produced by L.S. Mote, of Miami County, Ohio.
Fruit large, conical, truncated, angular; Surface somewhat uneven,
smooth, waxen-yellow; Dots scattered, distinct, gray, with green
bases.
Basin narrow, folded; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity wide, shallow, angular; Stem long or medium, sometimes knobby.
Core small, oval, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, long, angular; Flesh
yellow, very fine grained, very tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, very
sprightly, and spicy, aromatic; Quality very best; Use, table and
kitchen; Season, September.
This is essentially an amateur's fruit, as its texture and color
disqualify it for market, while its delicious flavor renders it very
attractive.
=Detroit Black.=
DETROIT RED?--GRAND SACHEM.
[Illustration: Fig. 168.--DETROIT BLACK.]
Supposed to be of Canadian origin, in the neighborhood of Detroit,
Michigan. I have put these two names together, because the fruits
presented as _Black_ and as _Red Detroit_ are so very much alike in
all respects that it is not worth while to consider them distinct.
Fruit large to very large, conic, angular; Surface very smooth,
shining, deep red shaded, almost black in some specimens, no striping;
Dots, numerous, minute, indented, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye small, open.
Cavity wide, wavy; stem very short.
Core wide, closed or open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular,
brown; Flesh whitish, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid, poor;
Quality second to third rate; Use, kitchen and drying; Season,
September and October.
The Red variety may be distinct, as it keeps later.
=Fall Geneting.=
[Illustration: Fig. 169.--FALL GENETING.]
Elliott says this is an old Connecticut variety. Tree vigorous and
productive.
Fruit large, flattened-conic, angular; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, blushed; Dots rare, minute.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed; Calyx reflexed.
Cavity deep, wide, regular, brown; Stem short.
Core small, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump or
imperfect, brown; Flesh yellow, fine grained, juicy, crisp; Flavor
sub-acid, not very rich; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen; Season,
October.
=Ferdinand.=
I procured my trees from Virginia, where it originated. Tree vigorous,
upright.
Fruit large, flattened-conic, irregular; Surface smooth, pale green or
yellow.
Basin shallow; Eye medium, open.
Cavity medium; Stem stout.
Flesh yellow, tender; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Season, "November
to March," according to Mr. Summer, South Carolina.
=Harrison.=
[Illustration: Fig. 170.--HARRISON.]
This famous Jersey cider apple, from Essex County in that State, has
been carried westward over a great extent of territory, where it
succeeds admirably well, and where the necessities of the people have
brought to light its good properties for the kitchen as well as for
the cider mill.
Tree vigorous, large, spreading, productive.
Fruit small, round-conical, somewhat angular and irregular; Surface
not smooth, yellow, rarely blushed; frequent rose-colored spots, and
marks radiating from the cavity over the base of the fruit; Dots
small, distinct, gray.
Basin none, or very shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed; Segments
long.
Cavity medium, regular, brown; Stem long, red, knobby.
Core regular, heart-shaped, closed, scarcely meeting the eye; Seeds
numerous, small; Flesh yellow, compact, dry till ripe, then juicy;
flavor acid to sub-acid, very rich, saccharine; Quality good; Use,
especially for cider, also for cooking and for dessert in April. Keeps
well.
=Pound Royale.=
[Illustration: Fig. 171.--POUND ROYALE.]
This fine summer apple, received from H.N. Gillett, of Lawrence
County, Ohio, has long been considered one of the very best summer
apples along the Ohio River.
Tree a pretty good grower, an early and constant bearer, very
productive; Shoots dark, foliage dark.
Fruit large, conical, slightly angular; Surface smooth, glossy,
greenish; Dots small, green, indented.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium, closed; Segments long, reflexed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium, sometimes knobby.
Core small, closed or slightly open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
pointed, dark; Flesh white, very tender, juicy; Flavor very mild
sub-acid, delicious; Quality very good to best; Use, table, kitchen;
Season, August.
Different from _Pound Royal_ of Downing, which is a winter-keeping
fruit.
=Ridge Pippin.=
This fruit appears to be quite a favorite market apple in the
neighborhood of Philadelphia, where it originated.
Fruit rather large, round-conic, very irregular, ribbed; Surface
yellow, lightly shaded and blushed with red, and sprinkled with russet
and crimson spots.
Basin abrupt, furrowed and folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem short.
Flesh yellow, crisp, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich.
Season, until March and April.
=The Cook's Favorite.=
This nice autumn apple comes to me from Oliver Albertson, a prominent
and intelligent cultivator in Washington County, Indiana, marked
"_Best_." Origin unknown.
Fruit medium, flattish-conical, angular; Surface smooth,
whitish-yellow; Dots minute.
Basin deep, folded, ribbed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, roundish, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, dark;
Flesh yellow, breaking, tender; Flavor sub-acid; Quality quite good;
Use, kitchen especially--"cooks very well;" Season, September.
=Trenton Early.=
This fine autumn apple has been thought to be the _English Codling_.
Of its origin and history we know little, except that it was one of
Silas Wharton's varieties, and that it has been a great favorite
wherever known. It was introduced to the notice of the Ohio
Pomological Society, 1852, by R.W. Steele, Esq., of Dayton, Ohio, with
the following notes: "A large, white apple, of excellent flavor, and
is highly esteemed both for eating and cooking. It ripens in August.
The tree is a vigorous grower and an abundant bearer. It was
introduced here many years ago by Silas Wharton, of Warren County, to
whom this portion of the Miami Valley is largely indebted for the
introduction of many excellent varieties of apples and pears."
Fruit large, conical, angular; Surface smooth, very pale yellow or
white; Dots rare, minute.
Basin narrow, folded; Eye medium or small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem medium.
Core large, rather open; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh white, very
tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, pleasant; Quality very good; Use,
dessert and kitchen; Season, August, September.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--ANGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Buckingham.=
BYER'S RED--FALL QUEEN (of some)--BLACKBURN (erroneously.)
[Illustration: Fig. 172.--BUCKINGHAM.]
This favorite southern apple, from Louisa County, Virginia, has worked
its way northward into public favor at rapid rate, under the influence
of railways and Pomological Societies. It was first presented to the
American Society at the Philadelphia meeting, in 1860, when it was
figured and reported on by the Committee on Native Fruits, to some of
whom, as to thousands of others in the West, it was familiar as
household words. This fruit was brought by settlers to Southern
Illinois, and thence distributed, by taking up the sprouts that formed
about the base of the stocks, and setting them out for an orchard. I
have some of these growing, and they make nice plants.
Tree vigorous, upright, compact while young, spreading with the weight
of fruit, never large; the shoots rather slender, red, dark; Leaves
medium, rather narrow, wider towards the end, dark, footstalks red.
The stems of these trees are characterized by curious enlargements of
an irregular, mammellar form, and reddish color, and appear to be like
the knaurs of the olive tree.
When this apple was first brought to the notice of the Cincinnati
Horticultural Society, twenty years ago, it was thought to resemble
the Winter Queen of Kentucky so closely that it was considered only a
variety or sport, and called the _Striped Fall Queen_, but it has
since been deemed a distinct sort.
Fruit large to very large, variable in form, but generally conical, or
oblate-conic, truncated, angular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow,
mixed and striped pale purplish-red; Dots scattered, prominent,
yellow.
Basin deep, abrupt, wavy; Eye large, long, open.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem short.
Core large, regular, closed; Axis very short; Seeds numerous, long,
pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor mild
sub-acid, rich, agreeable; Quality best, or nearly so; Use, table,
kitchen, drying; Season, October to December.
=Esopus Spitzenberg.=
[Illustration: Fig. 173.--ESOPUS SPITZENBERG.]
Origin New York, on the Hudson. This fruit has changed its character
in progressing westward and southward, becoming larger and more
irregular, less brilliantly colored, less highly flavored, and less
productive.
Tree vigorous, upright, thrifty, but in some regions subject to blight
and unprofitable; Shoots slender.
Fruit medium to large, conical, ribbed, irregular; Surface smooth,
yellow, covered with bright red, marbled and mixed, striped more or
less distinctly; Dots numerous, large, irregular, gray, always
elongated near the base.
Basin deep, ribbed or folded, often leather-cracked; Eye small,
closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, or wavy; Stem long.
Core large, closed; Seeds long, pointed; Flesh rich, yellow, breaking,
juicy at the North, more fibrous than crisp at the South; Flavor quite
acid till ripe, when it is rich, saccharine, highly aromatic, giving
the idea of the Spitzenberg flavor; Quality best; Use, dessert and
kitchen; Season, December to February.
=Lansingburgh.=
The origin of this long-keeper has not been traced. It has been common
about Cincinnati, and along the Ohio River, for many years.
Tree upright, vigorous, brushy and thorny, looking like a wilding.
Fruit medium, conical, angular, oblique, often unequal; Surface
smooth, green and yellow, bronzed and blushed, becoming very rich
yellow and carmine--an indistinct gray-striping makes the ripe fruit
appear to be striped yellow; Dots minute, indented, gray, with green
bases.
Basin deep, plaited or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, irregular, rough with brown; Stem short.
Core small, oval, closed; Seeds numerous, large; Flesh firm, compact;
Flavor mild sub-acid, negative; Quality scarcely good; Use, market,
ornamental, cooking; Season in the kitchen all winter--ornamental and
eatable March to May, or later.
=Late Strawberry.=
AUTUMN STRAWBERRY.
The origin of this choice fruit appears to be unknown.
Tree upright, productive, thrifty, leaves serrate.
Fruit medium, roundish, conical, angular, furrowed; Surface smooth,
waxen-yellow, mixed and striped scarlet; Dots minute, indented.
Basin folded, irregular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, irregular; Stem slender, long.
Core medium, regular, closed, Seeds large; Flesh yellow, very tender,
fine-grained, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, refreshing,
vinous; Quality best; Use, dessert especially; Season, August and
September.
There is another similar fruit--the _Frank_ or _Chenango Strawberry_,
which is by some preferred to this.
=Northern Spy.=
[Illustration: Fig. 174.--NORTHERN SPY.]
Origin near Rochester, New York. Tree very vigorous, large, upright,
spreading, when older; shoots reddish, leaves healthy, large, dark.
Tree productive when old, but not an early bearer; needs trimming to
admit light and air to the fruit.
Fruit large, flattened-conical, angular; Surface smooth, yellow,
mixed, and splashed, scarlet, or crimson; Dots scattered, small.
Basin abrupt, regular, or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, regular or wavy, brown; Stem medium to short.
Core large, irregular, open; Seeds numerous, small, pointed, pale;
Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, granular, juicy; Flavor acid,
becoming sub-acid, aromatic, rich, with the spiciness of a
Spitzenberg; Quality considered best, but rather coarse in texture;
Use, table, kitchen and market; Season, December until May, and in the
North longer.
=Red Canada.=
STEEL'S RED.
Origin New England. Tree thrifty, healthy, but slender, twiggy,
productive.
Fruit medium, globular-conic, indistinctly angular; Surface smooth,
yellow, covered with mixed and striped bright red; Dots numerous,
gray, indented, elongated near the stem, as in Esopus.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy; Stem long, inclined.
Core regular, closed, large; Seeds imperfect; Flesh yellowish-white,
breaking, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
aromatic, delicious; Quality best, for table; Season, December to
February.
=Red Stripe.=
EARLY RED MARGARET (incorrectly)--ROCKHILL'S SUMMER QUEEN (Indiana).
This handsome and productive early apple has been extensively
propagated in parts of Indiana, under the names above presented. It
was introduced at Fort Wayne by Mr. Rockhill, who is reported to have
"made more money from the trees of this variety than from twice as
many of any other early apple." Recommended for general cultivation in
that State.
Tree hardy in nursery and orchard, productive; Shoots very downy.
Fruit medium to small, long, conical, furrowed or ribbed; Surface
polished, pale yellow, mixed and splashed crimson.
Basin very shallow, plaited; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, browned; Stem medium.
Core long, oval, embracing the eye; Flesh whitish, tender,
fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good; Table or kitchen;
Season, July and August.
=Scalloped Gilliflower.=
This is supposed to be an old European variety. Its peculiarly
irregular form makes it quite a remarkable fruit. It is sometimes
called _Red Gilliflower_; but that name is also very commonly applied
to quite another fruit--the _Red Winter Pearmain_, described on a
previous page, in Class II., Order I., Section 2., Sub-section 2.
Fruit large, round-conic, very irregular, furrowed and ribbed; Surface
yellow, marbled and splashed scarlet.
Basin abrupt, deep, folded or ribbed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, irregular, wavy; Stem medium.
Core regular, round, very open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
plump; Flesh yellow, breaking, tender; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic;
Quality scarcely good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, November,
December. Chiefly grown northward.
=Seager.=
This large, handsome fruit was exhibited at the American Pomological
Society's meeting at Philadelphia, in 1860, by Chas. P. Davis, of
Phillipsburgh, New Jersey. The Committee reported it "Good."
Fruit large, roundish-conic, irregular; Surface smooth, yellow,
striped, splashed and mixed carmine; Dots scattered, yellow.
Basin abrupt, narrow, folded, plaited; Eye medium, large, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown and yellow; Stem medium, knobby.
Core roundish, open, clasping; Seeds angular, imperfect; Flesh
yellowish-white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
aromatic; Quality good to very good; Use, table, kitchen; Season,
September.
=Stanard.=
[Illustration: Fig. 175.--STANARD.]
From Erie County, New York, this fruit has made its way westward, by
the Lakes, having been distributed by Col. Hodge, of Buffalo, and
brought to the notice of his western friends by Hon. M.L. Dunlap, of
Champaign, Illinois, who esteems it very highly. I quote from his
account of it:
"This proves one of our most profitable winter apples; the tree bears
young and constantly, but fuller on alternate years; fruit large and
showy, shoots large and downy; buds prominent, fruit buds large, and
the earliest in the orchard to swell; but they do not open as soon as
others. Tree spreading, trunk generally crooked." Very hardy.
Fruit large, roundish, conical, ribbed, angular; Surface smooth,
yellowish-green, somewhat red, mixed and striped indistinctly; Dots
numerous, minute, white.
Basin medium, folded and plaited; Eye large, closed; Segments long.
Cavity wide, acute, wavy, green; Stem medium to long.
Core small, globular, regular, closed or open; Seeds numerous, brown,
angular; Flesh yellow, breaking, rather coarse, tender; Flavor acid to
sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, market and table; Season, November
to February.
=Summer Queen.=
[Illustration: Fig. 176.--SUMMER QUEEN.]
American. Tree vigorous, large, spreading, productive.
Fruit medium, round-conic, angular; Surface yellow, covered mixed red,
striped, splashed scarlet; Dots minute, yellow.
Basin none or very shallow, folded or plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, regular, open; Seeds numerous, pointed, brown; Flesh
firm, yellow, breaking; Flavor acid, very aromatic, spicy; Quality
first rate; Use, kitchen; Season, July, August.
=Winesap.=--[_Coxe._]
[Illustration: Fig. 177.--WINESAP.]
Tree vigorous, healthy, hardy, productive, early bearer; Branches
open, straggling; Shoots strong, dark reddish-brown; Foliage curled,
glaucous, sparse.
Fruit medium, conical, often obscurely angular, or slightly ribbed;
Surface rather smooth, bright or dark red, mixed and obscurely striped
on yellow, which is mostly covered, often veined russet; Dots few,
minute, indented.
Basin narrow, shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, reddish brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, somewhat open; Seeds large, rather light; Flesh firm,
yellow; Flavor rich, acid to sub-acid; Use, market, kitchen, cider;
Season, January to March.
* * * * *
CLASS II.--CONICAL APPLES.
+ORDER II.--ANGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Fort Miami.=
[Illustration: Fig. 178.--FORT MIAMI.]
This is another of the seedling russets of the Maumee, brought to the
notice of the State Society by its Vice-President, J. Austin Scott, of
Toledo. Mr. Elliott describes it from notes taken in 1846, when he
received specimens from A. Spafford, Esq., Perrysburgh, Ohio.
Tree upright and spreading, healthy, thrifty; Shoots dark; not an
early bearer, but productive when older.
Fruit medium, roundish or oblong-conic, truncated, angular, often
unequal; Surface rich yellow russet, often bronzed; Dots scattered,
netted russeting.
Basin medium or shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem medium.
Core oval, clasping the eye, regular, closed; Seeds often imperfect;
Flesh greenish-yellow, firm; Flavor acid, rich; quality nearly best;
Use, dessert; Season, February to April.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Bluff Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 179.--BLUFF SWEET.]
This apple was found by G.M. Beeler on the banks of the White river,
upon a farm devoted to pomology.