yellow, mixed and striped, carmine; Dots large, yellow.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy; Stem short.
Core small, closed, roundish, meeting the eye; Seeds large, pale;
Flesh yellow, fine-grained; Flavor sweet; Quality good to very good;
Use, table, kitchen; Season, November.
=Sweet Pearmain.=
"This variety, according to Downing and Thomas, is the _English
Sweeting_; but, according to Manning, the English Sweeting is the
_Ramsdell's Sweeting_ of Downing. This fruit is extensively grown in
Central Ohio, and further West, suiting well the rich soils; keeping
finely all winter; highly valued for baking or eating."
"Fruit medium size or often above; Form roundish, slightly angular;
Color dull red, rough russet dots, and blueish bloom; Stem long,
slender; Cavity deep, wide, open; Calyx woolly; Basin medium; Flesh
yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet; Core medium, with outer or
concentric lines; Seeds ovate, pyriform, dark brown; Season, December
to March."--Elliott.
I am not familiar with the above, but find a very strong resemblance
in the characters to those of my _Red Winter Pearmain_, Class II, I,
2, 2, from which, however, Elliott's outline would exclude it.
=Willis Sweet.=
This apple is supposed to have originated on Long Island, where it is
highly valued for baking.
Tree vigorous, productive; Fruit medium, round, somewhat angular,
striped red, very sweet and rich; Use, baking and stock.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=American Golden Pippin.=
GOLDEN PIPPIN, of Downing.--NEW YORK GREENING, &C.
[Illustration: Fig. 248.--AMERICAN GOLDEN PIPPIN.]
Having mislaid my notes of this apple, I am obliged to quote Mr.
Downing's description of this fine fruit, which is believed to be
American; cultivated in parts of New York, and found to be profitable.
"Growth strong, similar to that of Rhode Island Greening, but less
drooping, making a round, spreading head; does not bear young, but
very productive when a little advanced, and a popular fruit where
known."
"Form variable, oblate, globular or conic, angular or ribbed; Stem
stout, short, inserted in a deep cavity; Calyx closed, set in an
irregular basin; Skin fine golden yellow, thinly sprinkled with dots,
sometimes slightly netted with thin russet; Flesh yellowish, tender,
juicy, nearly melting, with a rich, refreshing, almost vinous,
aromatic flavor; Core rather large; November to February."
=Brooke's Pippin.=
"Origin, Essex County, Virginia. The original tree is very large,
bears regular and large crops of fruit, which is always fair, of the
largest size, keeps well till May; Flesh fine, yellow, juicy and rich,
and of the finest flavor; young trees grow very thriftily."--[H.R.
Robey, Fredericksburgh, Va.]
Fruit large, roundish, inclining to conical, obscurely ribbed,
greenish yellow, faintly blushed.
Basin small, shallow, wavy, sometimes furrowed; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, wavy, brown; Stem short, thick.
Flesh yellow, crisp, juicy, fine-grained; Flavor acid, spicy, rich;
Quality very good; Season, November to March.
As grown in Indiana, both tree and fruit resemble the _Newtown Pippin_
in appearance, and may prove identical after further trial.
=Champlain.=--[_Downing._]
PAPER--PAPER-SKIN.
This very delicate fruit was exhibited before the Ohio Pomological
Society by A.L. Benedict, of Morrow County, as the _Paper_ apple. He
obtained the scions from the celebrated apple region, Grand Isle,
Vermont, where it is sometimes called Champlain, and where it had been
introduced from Rhode Island, without a name, by his friend Macomber.
My friend Benedict informs me that "the growth of the tree is strong
and stocky, and that the fruit never scabs nor rots on the tree. It
is increasing in esteem as it becomes better known, and is preferred
to the _Red Astrachan_, ripening with it. When sent to J.J. Thomas, he
thought it synonymous with the _Primate_, but Jos. Newcomber, having
both varieties growing side by side, assured me they were quite
unlike, and that the _Paper_ was much the better apple of the two."
Tree medium size, vigorous, stocky.
Fruit full medium, globular, rather conical, angular; Surface smooth,
yellowish green, slightly blushed; Dots minute, indented.
Basin small, abrupt, folded; Eye small, long, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, round, slightly open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular,
dark; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
aromatic, delicate; Quality best; Use, the dessert especially; Season,
August, September.
=Drap d'Or.=
VRAI DRAP D'OR.--[Dahamel.]
[Illustration: Fig. 249.--DRAP D'OR.]
This is an old French variety, respecting which there is some
uncertainty among cultivators.
Fruit large, globular, but variable, being conical-truncate to oblate;
Surface smooth, pale waxen yellow, rarely blushed.
Basin wide, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem long, inclined, yellow or red, angular.
Core large, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, long;
Flesh pale yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
aromatic; Quality good to best; Use, market, kitchen, table; Season,
August, September.
For the table its place is supplanted by the _Primate_, _Dyer_ and
others.
=Dyer, or Pomme Royale.=
POMMEWATER, in Illinois.
[Illustration: Fig. 250.--DYER, OR POMME ROYALE.]
Believed to be a French apple, but named Dyer by the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, in the belief that it was a seedling of Rhode
Island.
Tree of moderate vigor, spreading, not very productive.
Fruit medium to large, globular, uneven, somewhat angular; Surface not
smooth, pale yellow, vein-russeted; Dots numerous, minute, dark.
Basin medium, shallow, folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, lipped, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, round, open or closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump,
short; Flesh yellowish, very tender, very fine-grained, very juicy;
Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, delicate; Quality best; Use, the
dessert; Season, September, October.
Not attractive in appearance, but very fine for the amateur.
=Ewalt.=
Origin Pennsylvania. Introduced by Dr. Brinckle in his _ad-interim_
reports to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. Mr. Waring
considers it a valuable winter apple. Tree vigorous, handsome grower
in the nursery; Shoots erect, dark colored; an early, regular bearer.
Fruit large, very handsome, roundish, rather angular; Surface smooth,
yellow, with clear bright red in the sun, not striped; Dots numerous
about the base, greenish.
Basin medium, narrow, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity medium, acute; Stem short.
Flesh tender, fine-grained; Flavor acid, becoming mild, aromatic,
sprightly; Quality very good; Season, February to April.
=Golden Ball.=
A favorite Maine apple. Tree vigorous, productive, hardy.
Fruit large, round, ribbed; Surface smooth, greenish yellow; Dots few,
distinct, white bases.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity narrow; Stem medium.
Core indistinct, open, clasping; Seeds defective; Flesh yellowish,
tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good; Use, table,
kitchen, market; Season, December to March in the North.
=Morgan White.=
[Illustration: Fig. 251.--MORGAN WHITE.]
Origin unknown. Sent from Morgan County, Illinois, by Professor J.B.
Turner, of Jacksonville.
Fruit large, globular, somewhat flattened, irregular, ribbed, uneven;
Surface smooth, greenish, marked with gray striæ, rarely a faint
blush; Dots white, large.
Basin abrupt, ribbed; Eye small but long, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem short to medium.
Core small, very wide, open, clasping; Axis short; Seeds numerous,
plump, short; Flesh greenish white, breaking, tender, fine-grained,
juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, agreeable; Quality good; Use, kitchen
and table; Season, September to January.
=Peck's Pleasant.=
[Illustration: Fig. 252.--PECK'S PLEASANT.]
This fine fruit is credited to Rhode Island. The tree is healthy,
spreading, moderately vigorous, but productive, and a regular bearer.
This apple is said to resemble the Newtown Pippin, but I have never
been able to trace any resemblance, except that both are green; at
any rate there is no danger of the merest tyro in pomology confounding
the two varieties. There is, however, a remarkable diversity in the
fruit arising from the different soils and climates in which it is
cultivated, North and South, and while, like many other varieties, its
size is greatly developed, its texture and flavor are depreciated in
the migrations southward.
Fruit large, flattened, globular, somewhat angular, or flattened,
sometimes having a shallow sulcus or furrow on one side; Surface
smooth, yellow or orange, being sometimes faintly blushed; Dots gray,
with white bases.
Basin rather shallow and folded; Eye small and open, calycinal
segments being short.
Cavity wide, but often lipped, brown; Stem short, very thick, clubbed
or knobby.
Core large, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh
yellow, tender, breaking, fine-grained; Flavor sub-acid and somewhat
aromatic; of first quality in the North; Use, table, kitchen or
market; Season, December to January, or later.
=Primate.=
[Illustration: Fig. 253.--PRIMATE.]
This delicious table apple has strong claims upon our admiration, on
account of its good qualities as a dessert fruit, for the extreme
delicacy of its skin and flesh render it unfit for market; it is
therefore not profitable for the commercial orchard.
Tree thrifty, stocky, vigorous, strongly branched, productive; Shoots
stout, short, light olive; Buds prominent, foliage pale green.
Fruit full medium, globular, angular, irregular; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, becoming almost white, sometimes faintly blushed;
Dots minute.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye small but long, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem medium to long, thick.
Core medium, round, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, long,
dark; Flesh greenish-white, very tender, fine-grained; Flavor mild
sub-acid, very agreeable; Quality best; Use, the dessert; Season, July
and August.
=Progress.=
Not having had the good fortune to study this apple, I quote the
description given by Downing:
"A native of Middletown, Connecticut. Tree a moderate grower and forms
a handsome head, bears early and very productive.
"Size above medium, rather globular, inclining to conic, sometimes
oblate, somewhat angular; Stem short, inserted into a round cavity,
surrounded by russet; Calyx large, partially closed, set in a shallow,
open basin; Skin smooth, yellow, with a sunny cheek, sometimes a few
scattered, gray dots; Flesh solid, tender, crisp, juicy, with a very
refreshing, vinous flavor. Ripe October until April."
=Quince.=
COLE'S QUINCE.
[Illustration: Fig. 254.--QUINCE.]
This does not appear to be exactly the same as that described by Coxe,
and later by Downing. This fruit is not very extensively cultivated.
The specimens described are from that precise pomologist T.T. Lyon, of
Michigan.
Fruit full medium, globular, angular, ribbed; Surface smooth,
greenish-yellow, pale.
Basin narrow, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem medium, yellow.
Core oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular, plump,
brown; Flesh yellowish-white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, aromatic; Quality good for cooking; Season, November to
January.
=September.=
This apple is highly esteemed by Mr. W.G. Waring, of Center County,
Pennsylvania, where it originated.
Tree hardy and vigorous, a good and regular bearer.
"Fruit large, globular, somewhat depressed, slightly conic, angular;
Skin yellow, slightly shaded and thinly sprinkled with brown dots; Stalk
short, inserted in a deep, abrupt cavity, surrounded by thin russet;
Calyx partially closed, set in an open basin; Flesh yellowish, tender,
juicy, with a very agreeable sub-acid flavor; October."--[Downing.]
=Sheepnose.=--_of Mears._
This substantial little apple was presented by Wm. E. Mears, a zealous
horticulturist of Clermont County, Ohio, where it is considerably
cultivated. Origin unknown.
Fruit medium, round, slightly conic, irregular; Surface smooth,
greenish yellow, white striæ about the base, like _White Winter
Pearmain_, which it resembles in some other respects; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, wavy; Eye long, closed.
Cavity acute, narrow, bronzed; Stem medium, knobbed.
Core roundish oval, irregular, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump,
dark; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid;
Quality good; Use, table and kitchen; Season, December to February.
=Summer Pippin.=
[Illustration: Fig. 255.--SUMMER PIPPIN.]
A favorite apple about New York--not known extensively. Tree vigorous,
forming a beautiful head, a regular and good bearer.
Fruit medium to large, variable in form, sometimes oblong-oval, or
inclining to conic, angular and irregular; Skin pale waxen yellow,
shaded with a delicate crimson blush, and sprinkled with green and
grayish dots; Stalk varies in length and thickness, inserted in a
deep, abrupt cavity; Calyx closed, set in a deep, abrupt, corrugated
basin; Flesh white, tender, moderately juicy, with a pleasant,
refreshing sub-acid flavor; Valuable for culinary uses; Ripens in
August and continues a month or more.--[Downing.]
=Transport.=
[Illustration: Fig. 256.--TRANSPORT.]
Another of Reuben Ragan's Indiana seedlings. Tree poor in the
nursery--good in the orchard. Very productive.
Fruit large, globular, flattened, angular; Surface smooth, pale
yellow, blushed carmine; Dots scattered, green, with white bases,
becoming purple where exposed; Bloom white.
Basin medium, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem medium to long.
Core irregular, closed, clasping; Axis short; Seeds dark, pointed,
imperfect; Flesh, yellowish-white, tender, melting, fine-grained,
juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, rich; Quality good to very good; Use,
table, kitchen, market; Season, December to February. Not very
profitable.
=White Pippin.=
[Illustration: Fig. 257.--WHITE PIPPIN.]
The origin of this valuable fruit is entirely unknown, and its history
can only be traced to the nursery of Silas Wharton, who may have
brought it with him from the East. For a time some of our leading
pomologists thought it was the _Canada Reinette_, but this idea has
long since been relinquished, and all agree that it is _sui generis_,
though it may have had a different name. In some of its external
characters it more nearly resembles the _Yellow Newtown Pippin_ than
any other fruit; but, while it lacks the high, spicy flavor of that
apple, it is found to be much more profitable in the orchard.
The tree is remarkably thrifty, vigorous and productive, upright, with
very dark shoots, covered with down, bearing large leaves that are
quite downy beneath, and deep green above.
Fruit large, variable in form, angular, sometimes lop-sided, generally
fair, free from scab; Surface smooth, green or greenish-white to very
pale yellow when ripe; the skin toward the base is often marked on the
unripe apple with indistinct wavy stripes of white, the interspaces
are sometimes colored by exposure, and assume a pink or purplish hue,
making the fruit appear to be striped; Dots very minute, and
surrounded by green bases that are most distinct before the fruit is
perfectly ripe; these and the white stripes are very characteristic.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, wavy or folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity wide, deep, wavy, brown and green: Stem short, sometimes thick.
Core small, pyriform, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, pale
brown, pointed; Flesh white or yellowish-white, breaking, granular,
juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, not spicy; Quality good; Use, kitchen
rather than table, cooks very well; Season, December and January; not
a very good keeper; may be preserved until March.
=Yellow Newtown.=
[Illustration: Fig. 258.--YELLOW NEWTOWN.]
The origin of this variety of the Newtown Pippin, which has obtained
such a world-wide notoriety as the "American Apple," is very
uncertain. The distinction between this and the _Green Newtown_, as
described under Class III, I, 2, 1, was well known to Coxe.
Tree resembling that of the Green variety, slow grower in the nursery,
having rough bark when old, not an early bearer, but large, spreading,
and productive, and in suitable soils profitable. From some cause,
however, the orchards of both these apples are much less satisfactory
in their results than formerly in many parts of the country. Still it
is often seen in great perfection, and I am compiling this description
from outlines and notes of a large number that were very fine.
Fruit large, round, more or less modified by being cylindrical,
truncated, lop-sided, ribbed, and irregular, sometimes even conic;
Surface smooth, yellowish-green, sometimes bronzy, becoming yellow
when ripe, like the _White Pippin_, it is marked with gray striæ near
the base while green; Dots minute, scattered, whitish bases.
Basin large, folded, ribbed or plaited; Eye medium, rather open.
Cavity deep, acute; brown; Stem medium or short, rarely long.
Core medium, oval, regular, closed, meeting or clasping the eye; Seeds
pointed, brown, sometimes imperfect; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking,
juicy, not crisp like the Green variety; Flavor acid, aromatic, rich,
very agreeable; Quality best; Use, table, kitchen, market and cider;
Season, March.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Benoni.=
[Illustration: Fig. 259.--BENONI.]
This handsome and delicious early apple is a native of Dedham,
Massachusetts. Its good qualities have caused its culture to be widely
extended, and it appears to give very general satisfaction; though not
so early as some other kinds, for the dessert especially, it is
indispensable to the amateur.
Tree small, upright, close, productive, early bearer; Shoots slender,
brown, leaves thin, long.
Fruit small to medium, round, truncated, somewhat angular, irregular;
Surface smooth, yellow, covered mixed red, striped scarlet and
carmine; Dots minute.
Basin wide, abrupt; Eye large, open or closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium, green, often stout.
Core small, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds angular, dark; Flesh
yellow, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor rich, sub-acid, spicy; Quality
best; Use, dessert, kitchen and market; Season, July and August.
Delicious and profitable.
=Brennaman.=
This fine apple, from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, was reported on
by the _ad interim_ Committee of the Pennsylvania Horticultural
Society, and was brought to my notice by Dr. J.K. Eshleman, of
Downingtown, in whose beautiful orchard I had an opportunity of
studying the variety.
Tree large, spreading, vigorous, productive, said to be hardy.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat angular; Surface smooth,
yellow, nearly covered with stripes of bright rich red.
Basin deep, wavy; Eye closed.
Cavity large, brown; Stem short to medium.
Flesh whitish, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
agreeable; Quality good, especially for culinary use and market;
Season, August and September.
=Chronicle.=
[Illustration: Fig. 260.--CHRONICLE.]
This is a famous long keeper of Indiana origin. The honors of its
discovery are divided between the Sigersons and R. Ragan.
Tree vigorous, healthy, productive, said to be hardy.
Fruit full medium to large, globular, truncated, cylindrical,
irregular, flattened at the sides or angular; Axis inclined in some;
Surface yellowish-green to yellow, mixed and striped dull red; Dots
large, scattered, yellow, indented.
Basin, wide, deep, regular or wavy; Eye small to medium, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy or acute, sometimes lipped, brown; Stem medium to
long, sometimes thick.
Core small, closed, meeting; Seeds numerous, pointed, plump; Flesh
greenish to yellow, firm; Flavor sub-acid, not spicy; Quality scarcely
good, except for culinary use and for market; Season, March to May.
Keeps sound even when bruised.
=Foundling.=
"From Massachusetts. Tree moderately vigorous, spreading,
productive."--[Downing.]
Fruit medium to large, round, flattened at the ends, angular or
uneven; Surface yellowish-green, mixed red, splashed deep red; Dots
minute, indented.
Basin wide, abrupt, folded; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, green; Stem short or medium.
Core large, wide, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, small, pointed;
Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic;
Quality good; Use, table; Season, September.
Specimens obtained from Mr. Warren.
=Jersey Black.=
BLACK APPLE of Coxe?
[Illustration: Fig. 261.--JERSEY BLACK.]
This admirable but unpretending fruit has extended its way quietly
through the country, along the parallels 40° to 42°, without ever
having had any extra puffing, such as has given notoriety to some of
its competitors for places in the orchard. Nobody speaks about this
apple, nor writes about it, and yet it is everywhere to be found. This
cannot be the _Black Apple_ of Coxe and Downing, being quite different
in some of its strong characters. Origin unknown, supposed to have
been introduced into the West by Silas Wharton, of Warren County,
Ohio, as it is found with the White Pippin and other favorite sorts of
his introduction, and is in his published list.
Tree sufficiently vigorous, but does not grow large, spreading, often
drooping when old, branches open, always fruitful, either well
distributed in a light crop, or crowded in a full one.
Fruit full medium, round, angular and irregular, sometimes ribbed;
Surface smooth, completely covered with deep red, striped darker,
giving a purple, almost black hue to the fruit, often covered with a
thin bloom; one variety is always lighter, stripes more distinct, and
the flesh more stained; Dots numerous, minute, indented, purple.
Basin mostly shallow, folded and plaited; Eye small to medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown, often wavy or folded; Stem short, medium or
long, usually stout, sometimes knobbed.
Core medium, regular, generally closed, clasping the eye; Seeds
numerous, short, plump, pointed, dark; Flesh yellow, crisp,
fine-grained, juicy, often stained pink or reddish; Flavor rich, mild
sub-acid, aromatic, not spicy, satisfying; Quality good; Use, table,
kitchen, cider and for stock; Season, December, January; keeps sound.
A good market apple.
=King.=
KING OF TOMPKINS COUNTY.
[Illustration: Fig. 262.--KING.]
This splendid apple, which has attracted so much attention of recent
years, had its origin, as is supposed, in Tompkins County, New York,
where it has been much cultivated.
Tree vigorous, healthy, large and spreading, an abundant annual
bearer.
Fruit large, handsome, globular, irregular, somewhat conic, angular;
Surface smooth, yellow, covered deep red, marbled and striped; Dots
numerous, gray, large.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye large, short, closed.
Cavity wide, shallow, wavy; Stem short or long, thick or slender, red.
Core very large, turbinate, regular, closed; Seeds imperfect, angular;
Flesh yellowish-white, tender, breaking; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic;
Quality best; Use, table, kitchen and market; Season, December and
longer.
=Missouri Keeper.=
Specimens from Norman J. Colman, Esq., Editor of the Rural World, St.
Louis, Missouri. Origin unknown.
Fruit medium to small, round, irregular; Surface smooth, shaded,
mixed, striped red; Dots numerous, large, white, distinct.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye small, closed.
Cavity narrow, regular; Stem medium to short, knobby, thick.
Core regular, closed; Seeds numerous, long, plump, angular; Flesh
yellow, breaking, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid;
Quality good to very good; Use, table, market and kitchen; Season,
January to July.
Specimens cut and described on the 25th of June were in perfect
condition.
=Nonpareil.=
[Illustration: Fig. 263.--NONPAREIL.]
The history and origin of this nice autumn fruit have not been
ascertained, and it may prove to be an old variety with a changed
name--considerably grown in Northern Illinois. Specimens from Dr. Geo.
Haskell, of Rockford, are here described.
Fruit medium to large, round, somewhat conic, angular, ribbed; Surface
smooth, waxy-yellow, splashed crimson; Dots minute.
Basin shallow, folded and plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy, sometimes lipped; Stem long to medium,
thick, green.
Core wide, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, angular,
brown; Flesh white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid,
aromatic; Quality quite good; Use, table; Season, September and
October.
=Stewart's Nonpareil.=--Local Name.
This early apple is quite a favorite in Clarke County, Ohio, and may
prove to be the Tetofski, or some other known variety, when it comes
to be more thoroughly examined. Fruits received from my brother, J.T.
Warder.
Fruit medium, roundish, conical, irregular, angular; Surface smooth,
yellowish-green, splashed carmine; Dots minute, scattered, indented.
Basin small, abrupt, folded; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, narrow; Stem long, slender.
Core large, oval, open, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, brown; Flesh
white, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid; Quality good to
best; Use, table and kitchen; Season, July and August, in latitude
40°.
=Tetofski.=
This little foreigner was brought from Russia, and seems as well
adapted to our climate and tastes as are its companions from the same
region.
Tree vigorous, hardy, productive, upright, leaves broad, pale or light
green.
Fruit small to medium, round, flattened, somewhat conic, angular;
Surface smooth, yellow, striped, splashed carmine, white bloom.
Basin shallow, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, or deep, acute; Stem short, yellow.
Core large, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, plump, brown; Flesh
yellowish-white, breaking, fine grained, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality
good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, June, July--before _Early
Harvest_.
* * * * *
CLASS III.--ROUND APPLES.
+ORDER II--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Golden Harvey.=
BRANDY APPLE.
This highly flavored English apple is often referred to, but is rarely
seen in American collections; but as it may be interesting to some, I
quote Downing's brief description:
"Fruit small, irregularly round; Skin rather rough, dull russet over a
yellow ground, with a russety red cheek; Flesh yellow, of fine
texture, with a rich sub-acid flavor. The fruit is apt to shrivel."
Tree of slender growth.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Downing's Paragon.=
[Illustration: Fig. 264.--DOWNING'S PARAGON.]
Originated at Canton, Illinois. Tree upright, bears annually,
productive.
Fruit large, round, but appearing oblong, regular; Surface smooth,
yellow to golden, slightly bronzed or blushed when fully ripe; this
and the dots can scarcely be seen while the fruit is immature.
Basin deep, abrupt, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, irregular; Stem long.
Core very small, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump;
Flesh very tender; Flavor sweet, rich, aromatic; Quality good; Use,
table; September to December.
=Honey.=
Native of Pennsylvania. Tree very erect and an excellent bearer. Fruit
rather small, oblong or oblong-conical, greenish; Flesh tender, juicy.
If this apple ripened in October (apple butter season) it would be
more valuable.--[W.G. Waring's MS.]
=Pennsylvania Sweeting.=
[Illustration: Fig. 265.--PENNSYLVANIA SWEETING.]
Found in Southern Illinois. Origin and history unknown.
Fruit large, oblong, regular; Surface dull greenish-yellow; Dots
numerous, dark, distinct.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, irregular; Stem medium.
Core irregular, large, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, small; Flesh
tender, melting, fine-grained; Flavor very sweet; Quality good; Use,
baking and stock; Season, early winter.
=Wells' Sweeting.=
[Illustration: Fig. 266.--WELLS' SWEETING.]
Origin and history unknown.
Fruit medium, round or oblong, regular; Surface smooth, white, some
blush; Dots scattered, prominent.
Basin wide, regular, leather-cracked; Eye large, closed.
Cavity medium, regular, green; Stem medium.
Core pyriform, closed; Seeds numerous, angular, plump; Flesh white,
firm, juicy; Flavor sweet; Use, baking and stock; Season, October and
December.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Black Gilliflower.=
[Illustration: Fig. 267.--BLACK GILLIFLOWER.]
An old variety, which cannot be very highly praised, for it is but an
indifferent fruit, and yet, on account of its productiveness and
keeping properties, it is considered profitable for orchard planting.
Fruit rather large, oblong-ovate, regular; Surface nearly covered with
stripes of very deep red that make it look nearly black.
Basin very shallow, often plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core very large, oval, regular, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump
or imperfect; Flesh whitish, dry; Flavor only sweet; Use, essentially
market, may be valuable for stock; Season, November to March.
=Mother.=
[Illustration: Fig. 268.--MOTHER.]
Origin Bolton, Massachusetts. Tree rather slender, but productive.
Fruit medium to full medium, oblong, regular; Surface smooth, shaded
red on yellow, with close, fine stripes of red; Dots minute.
Basin medium, regular or plaited; Eye long, small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular or wavy; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, turbinate, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous;
Flesh yellow, crisp, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sweet, very
rich, vinous, aromatic; Quality best; Use, dessert; Season, October to
January.
=Ramsdell's Red.=
[Illustration: Fig. 269.--RAMSDELL'S RED.]
Origin Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright, many branches, productive,
early bearer; Shoots slender, reddish; Foliage rather light green.
Fruit medium to large, oblong, regular, truncated; Surface smooth,
yellow, hidden by bright red, mixed and striped; Dots numerous,
yellow, distinct.
Basin rather deep, abrupt, wavy; Eye small to medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem medium to long, often red.
Core large, oval, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds large; Flesh yellow,
breaking, juicy; Flavor very sweet, rich; Quality very good; Use,
baking and stock; Season, September to December.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Mansfield Russet.=
"Brought into notice by Dr. Joseph Mansfield, of Groton,
Massachusetts. Tree vigorous and very productive. Fruit small, oblong,
inclining to conic; Skin cinnamon russet; Stem long, inserted in a
deep, furrowed cavity; Calyx partially closed, set in an open basin;
Flesh not very juicy, rich, aromatic, saccharine, vinous; Keeps until
April and May."--[Downing.]
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Bailey's Golden.=
"Origin Kennebec County, Maine. Tree productive; Fruit large, oblong,
flattened at base and crown; Skin yellowish, slightly russeted, with a
warm cheek; Stem short, surrounded by russet, in a broad, deep cavity;
Calyx large and open, basin shallow; Flesh white, with a pleasant
sub-acid flavor; January to March."--[Downing.]
=Carolina Red June.=
[Illustration: Fig. 270.--CAROLINA RED JUNE.]
Origin southern, though long extensively grown in the North, and
everywhere in the West a favorite early fruit.
Tree hardy, vigorous, healthy, upright, early bearer, productive;
Shoots slender, dark; Foliage dark.
Fruit small to medium, form variable, but generally oblong-ovate,
regular; Surface smooth, deep red on white, nearly universal; Dots
minute.
Basin shallow, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed; Segments reflexed.
Cavity narrow, acute; Stem medium or short.
Core oval, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, small, plump; Flesh
white, very tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, not rich;
Quality good; Use, table and market; Season, June and July--one of the
earliest.
There is a striped variety, the _Striped June_, from Virginia, similar
in every respect except the external markings. It is, of course, quite
different from the _Virginia June_.--(Q. vide p. 500.)
=Crawford Keeper.=
This fruit was received from H.N. Gillett, Lawrence County, Ohio.
Fruit large, cylindrical, oblong, lop-sided; Surface smooth, purplish
red; Dots numerous, fawn colored.
Basin wide, shallow, wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, rough, brown; Stem medium.
Core regular, open; Seeds numerous, brown; Flesh yellow, breaking,
tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good to
very good; Use, table; Season, February to April. Very desirable.
=Cumberland Spice.=
[Illustration: Fig. 271.--CUMBERLAND SPICE.]
Origin New Jersey; not very extensively cultivated, for, though
sometimes excellent, it is not found to be a profitable sort.
Fruit rather oblong, contracted toward the eye, or ovate, regular;
sometimes the Axis is inclined; Surface pale yellow; Dots large,
brown, scattered.
Basin shallow, regular or folded; Eye large, partially closed.
Cavity deep, acute; Stem generally long.
Core large, round, very open, not touching the eye; Seeds numerous,
large, pointed; Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid to
sub-acid, rich, aromatic; Quality good to best, but uncertain; Use,
table, kitchen, not profitable; Season, October to December.
=Curtis Greening.=
[Illustration: Fig. 272.--CURTIS GREENING.]
This fruit was found in Illinois; origin uncertain.
Fruit medium to large, cylindrical, oblong, truncated; Axis inclined;
Surface yellow, bronzy; Dots numerous, dark, indented.
Basin abrupt, wide, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity deep, acute, regular; Stem short.
Core small, fig-shaped, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, small,
plump; Flesh yellow, breaking; Flavor sub-acid, rich; Quality good;
Use, table and kitchen; Season, January and February.
=Dawson's Cluster.=
[Illustration: Fig. 273.--DAWSON'S CLUSTER.]
From Clark County, Ohio.
Fruit full medium, oblong-truncate or ovate, regular; Surface smooth,
pale yellow, blushed lightly with brown; Dots scattered, gray.
Basin abrupt, regular; Eye large, closed.
Cavity very acute, wavy; Stem long, with a knob.
Core medium, heart-shaped, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous,
plump, large; Flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, tender, juicy;
Flavor sub-acid; Quality good; Use, kitchen, but chiefly recommended
for cider; Season, November. An enormous bearer.
=Franklin Golden.=[50]
HUGHES' AMERICAN GOLDEN PIPPIN.
Tree thrifty, upright, moderately productive; Fruit oblong,
cylindrical; Surface smooth, yellow; Dots distinct, gray, not
numerous.
Basin wide, shallow, finely plaited; Eye long, closed.
Cavity medium, greenish; Stem long.
Core small, pyriform, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds plump, pointed;
Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid, rich; Quality
very good; Use, table; Season, mid-winter.
A choice dessert fruit.
=Grimes' Golden.=
[Illustration: Fig. 274.--GRIMES' GOLDEN.]
Another apple of similar and equally high character. Origin, Brooke
County, Virginia. Introduced to the State Pomological Society by our
zealous fellow member S.B. Marshall, Massillon, Ohio, who obtained it
from N. Wood, of Belmont County.
Tree vigorous, healthy, spreading, productive, bears early; Shoots
stout, dark; Foliage abundant, dark green.
Fruit full medium, cylindrical, regular; Surface yellow,
vein-russeted; Dots numerous, minute.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, regular, green; Stem long, curved.
Core small, pyriform, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump,
brown; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking, very fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sub-acid, aromatic, spicy, rich, refreshing; Quality very best; Use,
dessert, too good for aught else; those who have tried it say that it
is excellent for cooking; Season, January to March.
=Kirkbridge White.=
[Illustration: Fig. 275.--KIRKBRIDGE WHITE.]
This fruit has been pretty extensively cultivated in some parts of the
Western States, and sometimes mistaken for the _Yellow June_. Tree of
moderate growth, bears early, productive.
Fruit small, oblong-conic, regular; Surface smooth, pale yellow or
white; Dots minute, gray, scattered.
Basin small, shallow or abrupt, narrow, regular; Eye small, closed;
Segments reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem long, slender, green.
Core medium, pyriform, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
plump, pointed, brown; Flesh white, fine-grained, tender, juicy;
Flavor sub-acid; Quality very good; Use, table, market; Season, July,
August, after Early Harvest.
=Ortley.=
WHITE BELLFLOWER, And Many Others.
[Illustration: Fig. 276.--ORTLEY.]
This excellent New Jersey apple has been cultivated very
satisfactorily over a great extent of our country, and is still seen
in some Western collections, exhibiting all its peculiar beauty, but
in many places where it was a great favorite but a few years since, it
has become so defective from scab and bitter-rot that it is rapidly
disappearing from the nurseries and orchards.
Tree vigorous, healthy, upright, becoming large and spreading, very
productive; Shoots stout, dark, bearing limbs brittle, and often
broken by the fruit.
Fruit large, oblong, conic, truncated, regular; Surface smooth, pale
yellow, rarely blushed light carmine, and red spots; Dots minute,
indented, white bases seen only in the unripe fruit.
Basin medium, regular, plaited; Eye small, very long, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, oval, regular, open, meeting the very long eye; Seeds
numerous, short, plump, pointed, dark, easily loosened, when they
rattle in the large open capsules; Flesh yellowish, tender, breaking,
juicy; Flavor acid to sub-acid, sprightly, refreshing; Quality best;
Use, table, kitchen; Season, November to January.
The threatened failure of this fine fruit is much to be regretted. Its
tissue is so fine as to suit even the invalid or convalescent, who
could not safely partake of a more solid apple.
=Porter.=
[Illustration: Fig. 277.--PORTER.]
Native of Sherburne, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, healthy,
productive.
Fruit rather large, oblong, somewhat conic, often truncated; Surface
smooth, yellow, often faintly blushed; Dots few, sunken.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy, brown; Stem medium.
Core medium, oval, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous,
plump; Flesh yellowish white, breaking, tender, juicy; Flavor acid to
sub-acid; Quality good to very good; Use, kitchen, table, market;
Season, August to October.
=Spark's.=
SPARK'S LATE.
[Illustration: Fig. 278.--SPARK'S.]
Fruited by Jas. H. Crain, of Undulation, Pulaski County, Illinois, on
trees received from J.W. Felt & Co., Crystal Springs, Mississippi.
Special origin unknown, but believed to be southern. Tree vigorous,
upright and productive; Shoots stout.
Fruit full medium to large, oblong, conic, regular, handsome; Surface
greenish-yellow; Dots numerous, rather large, gray and rough.
Basin shallow, small, regular; Eye very small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, green; Stem medium to long.
Core medium, oval, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump;
Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, rich,
very aromatic; Use, dessert especially; Season, December and January;
Quality best.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Boalsburg.=
"A seedling of Center County, Pennsylvania. Large, oblong, inclining
to conical, delicately mottled, and striped with red on yellow ground;
Stem short, thick, inserted in a deep, acuminate, russeted cavity;
Basin deep, moderately wide; Flesh yellow, juicy, sprightly,
refreshing; Very good; February."--[_Ad interim_ Reports.]
Mr. Waring, of Tyrone, Pennsylvania, writes me that the Boalsburg has
not proved to be productive, and that he has discontinued its
propagation.
=Cannon Pearmain.=
[Illustration: Fig. 279.--CANNON PEARMAIN.]
A southern apple; probably from North Carolina. Grown to some extent
in parts of the West, where it proves a substitute for the Ben Davis,
keeping longer.
Tree vigorous, healthy, productive when old; Fruit medium, round,
oblong or ovate, regular; Surface smooth, yellow, shaded red, faintly
striped; Dots large, yellow, gray.
Basin deep, abrupt, regular, rarely wavy; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, often lipped; Stem long, slender, red.
Core medium, regular, oval, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous, long,
pointed; Flesh yellow, firm, breaking; Flavor mild sub-acid; Quality
only good; Use, market, kitchen, table; Season, January to April.
=Cooper's Market.=
"Tree vigorous, upright, with long, slender branches; productive and a
late keeper.
"Fruit medium, oblong, conic; Skin yellowish, shaded with red, striped
crimson; Stem short; Cavity deep, narrow; Calyx closed; Basin small;
Flesh white, tender, with a brisk, sub-acid flavor; December to
May."--[Downing.]
=Fall Butter.=--[_L. Jones._][51]
There are many apples with this name, but my good friend Lewis Jones
thinks this is the only genuine kind, and deserving the name from its
adaptation to the making of apple butter. Found in a seedling orchard
of Eastern Indiana, and a distinct sort.
Fruit large, handsome, globular; Surface smooth, greenish-yellow; Dots
minute, prominent.
Basin regular, abrupt, brown; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, narrow, green; Stem short.
Core medium, round, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, short, plump,
dark; Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor
sweet; Quality best for table, baking and apple butter; Season,
December and January.
=Hague.=
[Illustration: Fig. 280.--HAGUE.]
Introduced by Lewis Jones, Wayne County, Indiana. Believed to be a
seedling.
Fruit large, roundish, oblong, cylindrical, truncate; Surface smooth,
greenish yellow, shaded more or less with red, striped and splashed
deep red; Dots numerous or scattered, large, distinct, yellow.
Basin medium, regular; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem short to medium, curved.
Core large, heart-shaped, regular, closed or open, clasping; Seeds
numerous, short, pointed, plump; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained,
juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich; Quality very good to best;
Use, table, market; Season, December to February. Worthy of
attention.
=Herman.=
"From Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, spreading, quite
prolific.
Fruit medium, oblong, conic; fine red, striped on green, Flesh
greenish white, tender, juicy, sub-acid, and high flavor; November to
April."--[Saml. Miller, in Downing.]
=Indiana Beauty.=
[Illustration: Fig. 281.--INDIANA BEAUTY.]
This beautiful Indiana seedling always attracts attention by its
external appearance, but it is not destined to become a general
favorite.
Fruit large, cylindrical, oblong, unequal; Axis inclined; Surface very
smooth yellow, partially covered mixed scarlet, splashed carmine; Dots
numerous, small.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded; Eye medium to large, closed.
Cavity acute, wavy; Stem medium.
Core small, oval, closed, clasping the eye; Seeds numerous, long,
pointed, imperfect; Flesh yellowish, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid,
aromatic; Quality only good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, September,
November.
=Jonathan.=
[Illustration: Fig. 282.--JONATHAN.]
Origin, Kingston, New York. Described by Judge Buell. A very superior
dessert fruit; good for all purposes, and seems to do well everywhere.
Its excellence has caused it to be called, particularly, a gentleman's
apple, though quite acceptable to the farmers' boys.
Tree of rather slender growth; hence top-grafted in the orchard and
stock-grafted in the nursery to produce early results; Spreading,
rather drooping, productive; Shoots slender, light brown, buds small;
Foliage rather sparse, grayish.
Fruit medium, round or oblong, conic, truncated, regular; Surface very
smooth, waxy yellow, wholly covered brilliant dark red, mixed and
striped; Dots minute, russet-veined.
Basin deep, regular, russet-veined; Eye small, closed, green.
Cavity acute, deep, regular, reddish brown; Stem long, slender.
Core medium, roundish-oval, regular, closed, scarcely clasping the
eye; Seeds numerous, large, angular; Flesh, whitish yellow, tender,
breaking, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, equal to Spitzenberg;
Quality best; Use, dessert, cooking, &c.; December, January.
Should be in every orchard.
=Kaighn's Spitzenberg.=--[_Coxe._]
[Illustration: Fig. 283.--KAIGHN'S SPITZENBERG.]
From Gloucester County, New Jersey. Tree spreading, very productive;
Shoots slender.
Fruit large, handsome, oblong, slightly conic, truncated, regular;
Surface smooth, yellow, striped crimson; Dots minute.
Basin deep, abrupt, folded or regular; Eye medium, closed; Segments
reflexed.
Cavity deep, acute, regular, brown; Stem long, slender, red.
Core large, pyriform, regular, clasping, generally open; Seeds
numerous, plump, angular, loose; Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy; Flavor
acid to sub-acid, rather rich; Quality good for culinary use; Market
and drying; Season, November, December.
=Knowles' Early.=
A favorite early apple about Philadelphia. Origin supposed to be Bucks
County, Pennsylvania.
Tree medium, thrifty, very productive, early bearer.
Fruit small, conical, oblong, striped dull red on yellow.
Basin shallow, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity acute, regular; Stem medium to long.
Flesh yellowish, very tender, juicy; Flavor mild sub-acid, aromatic,
agreeable; Quality good; Use, table, kitchen; Season, July and August.
=Long Island Pearmain.=--[_Coxe._]
AUTUMN PEARMAIN, Thompson, according to Downing.--WINTER PEARMAIN,
Western markets.
An old variety found in all the early orchards of Ohio and Indiana,
that were within the influence of Silas Wharton's nursery. A good,
profitable variety that has been overlooked in the rage for novelties.
Tree large, spreading, very productive; Fruit full medium, round,
elongated, tapering slightly from the base, always truncated at the
apex, regular; Surface smooth, yellowish green, covered with dull red,
and striped maroon; Dots numerous, minute, gray; russet-veined towards
the base.
Basin regular, wide, rather deep, slightly leather-cracked; Eye
medium, open; Segments long.
Cavity rather wide; Stem long.
Core medium, heart-shaped, regular, closed, not clasping; Seeds
numerous, large, plump, brown;. Flesh yellow, breaking, firm, not very
juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, agreeable; Quality good; Use,
family and market; Season, November till March.
=Marston's Red Winter.=
As I have never seen this fruit, I again quote from Downing:
"I received this beautiful apple from Nathan Norton, of Greenland, New
Hampshire, who said the original tree was more than a hundred years
old, and still standing.
"Tree hardy, of moderate growth, great bearer, and keeps as well as
Baldwin, and by many preferred to that variety, and is a popular fruit
in the neighborhood.
"Fruit above medium size, oblong, oval, inclining to ovate; Stem
three-quarters of an inch long, rather slender, in a narrow, deep,
compressed, slightly russeted cavity, sometimes with a lip; Calyx
partially closed; Segments long, in a deep, corrugated basin; Color
whitish yellow, shaded and striped with bright green and crimson,
thickly sprinkled with minute dots; Flesh whitish yellow, very juicy,
tender, sprightly, sub-acid flavor; December to March."
=Mifflin King.=
Origin Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. Fruit small, color of _Rambo_
perhaps a trifle more red, oblong; Flesh remarkably tender, juicy and
pleasant; First rate.--[American Pomological Society's Report.]
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER I.--REGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Sweet Bellflower.=
[Illustration: Fig. 284.--SWEET BELLFLOWER.]
This apple is supposed to have originated in the neighborhood of
Dayton, Ohio, and is cultivated chiefly in the adjacent regions, and
when found elsewhere is traceable to this source.
Fruit large, roundish oblong, angular; Surface uneven, greenish
yellow, becoming creamy yellow, very rarely blushed or bronzed; Dots
minute, indented, surrounded by green in the unripe fruit.
Basin medium, folded; Eye small, closed; Segments long, reflexed.
Cavity acute, wavy, green; Stem long, slender.
Core regular, roundish, open, meeting the eye; Seeds numerous, plump,
angular, imperfect; Flesh white, fine-grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor
very sweet; Quality good to very good; Use, baking, table; Season,
December.
Not equal to Broadwell.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Harnish.=
"From Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium, oblong, oval,
slightly angular; Skin mostly shaded with dark red, and sprinkled with
grayish dots; Flesh compact, tender, not juicy, almost sweet,
pleasant; September to October."--[Downing.]
=Illinois Pumpkin Sweet.=
[Illustration: Fig. 285.--ILLINOIS PUMPKIN SWEET.]
This apple was found in Illinois. From the orchard of Mr. Montagu, who
esteemed it very highly.
Fruit medium, oblong, ovate, angular; Surface mixed, splashed and
striped with dull red; Dots scattered, distinct, yellow.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acute, folded; Stem medium, inclined.
Core medium, pyriform, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds numerous,
angular, plump; Flesh yellow, rather tough in winter, but "becomes
melting in June"; Flavor very sweet; Quality good, Montagu says best;
Use, kitchen, table; Season, January till June.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 1.--SWEET.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
NONE.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 1.--SELF-COLORED.
=Genesee Chief.=
[Illustration: Fig. 286.--GENESEE CHIEF.]
Fruit large to very large, roundish oblong, ribbed or angular; Surface
smooth, pale yellow, sometimes bronzed; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin shallow, medium; Eye small, but very long, closed.
Cavity narrow, pointed, green; Stem medium, knobby.
Core very large, round, clasping, very open; Seeds numerous,
defective, angular, brown; Flesh white, tender, breaking, juicy;
Flavor acid, thin; Quality second rate--good only for cooking; Season,
August.
=Henwood.=
[Illustration: Fig. 287.--HENWOOD.]
A seedling of Indiana. Brought into notice by Lewis Jones, of Wayne
County, who has frequently exhibited the fruit, and distributed grafts
of this excellent apple, which may compensate for the failure of its
reputed parent, the _Ortley_.
Fruit large, oblong, conic or ovate, often angular or ribbed; Surface
smooth, pale yellow, rarely blushed; Dots scattered, dark.
Basin shallow, often abrupt, folded or plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long, slender.
Core rather small, round, regular, open, meeting the eye; Seeds
numerous, long, angular; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy;
Flavor acid to sub-acid, rich; Quality very good to best; Season,
December to February.
=Keswick Codling.=
[Illustration: Fig. 288.--KESWICK CODLING.]
An old English variety, which has greatly pleased the people of our
country, who find it a valuable market and family fruit, particularly
desirable in the North and Northwest.
Tree vigorous, hardy, productive, an early bearer; Shoots branching in
a peculiar manner, dark.
Fruit medium, oblong, conical, truncated, ribbed; Surface smooth, pale
yellow; Dots scattered, minute.
Basin medium, folded; Eye medium to large, closed.
Cavity acute, regular, browned; Stem long, yellow.
Core large, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh greenish
yellow, fine-grained, tender, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality good to very
good for its use--cooking; Season, August to October.
The fruit may be cooked in June.
=Newark Pippin.=
[Illustration: Fig. 289.--NEWARK PIPPIN.]
Origin, New Jersey. Tree not large, brushy, limbs crooked, twiggy,
drooping, not very productive or satisfactory.
Fruit above medium, oblong, cylindrical, truncated very abruptly,
slightly angular; Surface smooth, rich yellow when ripe; Dots minute.
Basin wide, regular; Eye large, open.
Cavity wide, regular; Stem long, slender.
Core large, oval or pyriform, regular, closed, clasping; Seeds
numerous, angular, plump; Flesh deep yellow, breaking, fine-grained,
juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, rich, sprightly; Quality best; Use,
dessert, cooking; Season, December to February.
A delicious fruit for amateurs, but its place is supplanted by
_Grimes' Golden_, which is a much better tree, with fruit of similar
good qualities, and better.
=Rock Pippin.=
RIDGE PIPPIN, LEMON, &C.
[Illustration: Fig. 290.--ROCK PIPPIN.]
This admirable long-keeper has claims upon the attention of the
commercial orchardist, on account of its soundness and beauty in the
spring. Tree very thrifty, large, productive; Branches open,
spreading; Shoots stout, dark; Foliage large, scattered.
Fruit full medium, oblong, ovate, angular, often ribbed, truncate at
the apex, sometimes unequal; Surface very smooth, very rich yellow,
blushed bright carmine when ripe; Dots few, small, dark.
Basin shallow, plaited or folded; Eye small, short, closed.
Cavity acute, often lipped; Stem medium.
Core medium, pyriform, open, somewhat clasping; Seeds numerous, long,
brown; Flesh yellow, breaking, rather dry; Flavor acid to sub-acid,
rich; Quality only good; Use, market and kitchen; Season, December to
May; of most value to sell at the latter period.
Cooks well all winter.
=Yellow Bellflower.=
[Illustration: Fig. 291.--YELLOW BELLFLOWER.]
This noble and valuable constituent of our orchards came from
Burlington County, New Jersey, where it was first described by Coxe.
This apple has succeeded in almost all parts of the country, North and
South, and has proved remarkably hardy. The quality of the fruit
varies with the soil, being best and most highly flavored and colored
on exposed ridges of rather thin soil, while those on rich low bottoms
or prairies are slow in bearing, and then produce very large fruit.
The crops, however, are not always satisfactory in such situations,
though the trees become very large; the blossoms are often destroyed
by spring frosts.
Tree vigorous, thrifty, hardy, large, spreading, drooping; Twigs
slender, brown; Foliage abundant, long, wavy; Blossoms very large, on
long stems, exposed to the weather and not protected by the leaves.
Fruit large to very large, oblong, ovate, angular, ribbed; Surface
smooth, rich yellow, sometimes blushed; Dots scattered gray.
Basin shallow or moderately deep, plaited or folded; Eye small,
closed.
Cavity deep, acute or wide, wavy; Stem long, curved.
Core large, oval, open, clasping; Seeds dark, large, angular,
imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor acid to
sub-acid, aromatic, very rich and satisfying; Quality best; Use,
table, kitchen, market; Season, December.
One of the finest culinary apples in the catalogue.
=York Imperial.=
From the neighborhood of York, Pennsylvania. Exhibited before the
State Society at the meeting in Lebanon, 1855. Tree said to be healthy
and productive.
Fruit large, rather oblong, somewhat angular; Surface smooth, mixed
bright red on greenish yellow.
Basin wide, plaited; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity deep, wide; Stem short.
Flesh yellowish, tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality
quite good; Use, market, kitchen; Season, January, February.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 2.--STRIPED.
=Clyde Beauty.=
[Illustration: Fig. 292.--CLYDE BEAUTY.]
"Origin, Wayne County, New York. Tree vigorous, upright, very
productive.
"Fruit large, roundish, conic, angular; Skin greenish, oily, sprinkled
and mottled with dull red, and bright red in the sun; Stem short,
slender, inserted in an acute cavity; Calyx closed, set in a small
corrugated basin; Flesh white, tender, juicy with a brisk sub-acid
flavor; October to January."--[Downing.]
=Frank or Chenango.=
CHENANGO STRAWBERRY.
This beautiful apple has been called also the _Late Strawberry_. So,
to avoid confusion, perhaps, it were better to adopt its local name
_Frank_. It is a native of New York.
Fruit medium to large oblong, tapering, irregular; Surface smooth,
beautifully striped on waxen yellow.
Basin folded and plaited, abrupt; Eye medium, closed.
Cavity acuminate; Stem medium.
Flesh tender, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality very good;
Use, dessert; Season, autumn.
=Minister.=
This New England apple was introduced by Mr. Manning; when he brought
it before the American Pomological Society, it met with so much favor
from the members of that body that it was adopted and recommended. In
the Western States it has failed to give satisfaction and is generally
discarded, but further North it may do as well as in New England. In
Ohio it becomes an autumn apple, and is only used for cooking, when we
have plenty of others that are preferred.
Tree healthy, vigorous, early bearer, and constantly productive.
Fruit full medium to large, oblong, tapering to the eye, ribbed,
irregular; Surface smooth, yellow, covered bright red mixed, splashed
carmine, often handsome; Dots minute.
Basin very narrow, folded, plaited; Eye small, closed.
Cavity deep, acute, sometimes brown; Stem long, slender.
Flesh yellowish, breaking, juicy; Flavor acid; Quality only good; Use,
kitchen; Season, September and later; not a winter fruit in latitude
forty.
=Striped Gilliflower.=
[Illustration: Fig. 293.--STRIPED GILLIFLOWER.]
Fruit quite large, oblong, conical, truncated, ribbed; Surface smooth,
yellowish white, mixed red, splashed carmine; Dots rare, gray.
Basin abrupt, folded; Eye large, closed.
Cavity wide, wavy, brown; Stem short, curved.
Core large, round, very open, meeting the eye; Seeds small, plump,
black; Flesh yellowish white, breaking; Flavor sub-acid; Quality
scarcely good; Use, market only; Season, September.
Less ribbed than the _Scalloped Gilliflower_.
=Toccoa.=
"From Toccoa Falls, Habersham County, Georgia.
"Fruit rather large, conical, irregular or oblong; Skin whitish
yellow, considerably shaded with carmine, and sprinkled with a few
brown dots; Stem short, inserted in a deep cavity; Calyx partially
closed, set in a rather large basin; Flesh whitish, juicy, tender,
pleasant, mild sub-acid; November to February."--[Downing.]
Perhaps not an early bearer; my trees, set six years, have not yet
fruited.
* * * * *
CLASS IV.--OBLONG APPLES.
+ORDER II.--IRREGULAR.+
SECTION 2.--SOUR.
SUB-SECTION 3.--RUSSET.
=Bourrassa.=
Foreign. Said to do well in the North; have seen it handsome at
Detroit.
Fruit medium, oblong, ovate, somewhat angular and ribbed; Surface
yellow, covered lightly with a rich red russet, giving it an orange
hue.
Basin small; Eye small, closed; Segments very long.
Cavity deep, acute, wavy; Stem long.
Flesh white or stained, tender; Flavor acid, spicy, aromatic; Quality
pretty good, but apt to be tough and wilted; Season, November to
December.
Not worth trying in the South.
FOOTNOTES:
[49] Vide Horticulturist for 1861 p. 40.
[50] Fall Butter, on page 677, belongs here.
[51] See page 670.
CHAPTER XVII.
FRUIT LISTS.
EVERY PLANTER MUST JUDGE FOR HIMSELF AND OBSERVE THE SORTS THAT
SUCCEED IN HIS OWN NEIGHBORHOOD. ATTEMPTS TO MAKE LISTS FOR
GENERAL CULTIVATION ABORTIVE. STATE AND REGIONAL LISTS MAY
APPROXIMATE USEFULNESS. SO MANY ELEMENTS IN MAKING A DECISION.
OUR TASTES DIFFER. REFERENCE TO THE LISTS OF THE AMERICAN
POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND TO THOSE OF LOCAL SOCIETIES. PRESENT A
FEW SELECTED LISTS. THE QUESTION OF HARDINESS IS OF GREAT
INTEREST. LISTS OF HARDY AND TENDER VARIETIES. LISTS FOR CIDER.
Every orchard planter who examines the extended variety of fruits
presented to him in the books, and by the nurserymen, must feel
greatly embarrassed when he comes to select the varieties for his own
orchards. Almost every one of the long lists is recommended for some
good quality, and the number of _best_, which he is apt to conclude
means indispensable for him, is wonderfully large. Some persons are
bewildered by the array presented in the catalogue, and fall back upon
their own slender stock of information, selecting only one well known
variety; but most persons commit a far greater fault by attempting to
grasp all the varieties that are offered and commended, which is very
well for some one person in every region to do. It is a labor of love
for the benefit of his fellow townsmen; but it is far better for him
who is about to plant an orchard, either large or small, to determine
which varieties are best adapted for his purposes. For the small
planter, who is providing for the wants of his family, a number of
varieties that will ripen in succession will be best, and the sorts
should be selected with regard to their qualities for household uses.
The planter of extensive commercial orchards, on the contrary, will
need but a limited number of varieties, which should be selected with
a view to the wants of the markets he intends to supply, as well as to
the productiveness of the fruit, and its ability to bear
transportation. While it is desirable to have but a few well selected
varieties in such an orchard, it must be recollected that even when
there is a general failure of the crop, there are always some sorts
that bear fruit, and this is an argument against making the list too
small.
All attempts to make out lists of fruits for general cultivation over
the great extent of our country have been abortive. State and regional
lists are made by the Pomological and other societies, which are
useful in rendering approximate information; but, at last, every
planter should observe the fruits that succeed in his own
neighborhood, and upon soil similar to his own, and select his
varieties for planting accordingly.
In making up our judgment of the excellence of a fruit, there are many
elements that enter into the question of what constitutes a good
apple, and so much depends upon the tastes of the individuals who have
the question to decide, that at last every one is left to make up his
own mind as to what will be best for his particular case.
The American Pomological Society, many years ago, attempted to make
out lists that would be applicable to the whole country, but it was
very soon discovered that their recommendations were by no means of
universal application, and that what was valuable in one section was
worthless in another. The State and local societies took up the work,
and the result of their labors has been of great value to persons
similarly situated. In some States, regions, with peculiar soils and
different underlying rocks, were found to be more or less fitted for
the production of different varieties, and partial or local lists have
been made out upon this principle. The greater value of the data thus
obtained commended itself to the National Society, which has since
collated these lists so far as possible in a tabular form, which shows
the relative appreciation in which many varieties are held in the
several regions that have reported; to these the reader is
referred.[52] At present I propose to present a few lists which have
been given by eminent pomologists, in different parts of the country,
as the result of their extended observations, and applicable in their
several districts.
Henry Little and others recommend for Maine:
Baldwin,
Blue Pearmain,
Bough,
Danvers,
Duchess of Oldenburgh,
Fameuse,
Golden Ball,
Golden Sweet,
Gravenstein,
Hubbardston,
Jewett's Fine Red,
Minister,
Mother,
Northern Spy,
Porter,
Red Astrachan,
Rhode Island Greening,
Ribstone Pippin,
Roxbury Russet,
Sops of Wine,
Tallman Sweet,
Vandervere (Newtown Spitzenberg),
Vermont,
Williams' Favorite,
Winthrop.
The following list was furnished by C. Goodrich for Vermont:
Baldwin,
Bough,
Duchess of Oldenburgh,
Early Harvest,
Esopus Spitzenberg,
Gravenstein,
Newtown Pippin,
Northern Spy,
Porter,
Red Astrachan,
Rhode Island Greening,
Roxbury Russet.
Recommended by Thomas Hancock for New Jersey:
American Golden Russet,
Bough,
Early Harvest,
Fall Pippin,
Hagloe,
Juneating,
Maiden's Blush,
Monmouth Pippin,
Newtown Pippin,
Rhode Island Greening,
Summer Rose,
Striped Harvest,
Tewksbury Blush,
White Seek-no-further.
Wm. Parry, of Burlington County, New Jersey, an excellent judge of
market qualities, recommends, after thorough trial, the following for
profit:
Bachelor's Blush,
Bough,
Hagloe,
Maiden's Blush.
Jno. Diehl gave this list as desirable for Delaware:
American Summer Pearmain,
Baldwin,
Bough,
Caleb,
Danvers' Winter,
Early Harvest,
Early Red Margaret,
Early Red Streak,
English Russet,
Fallawater,
Fall Pippin,
Gilpin,
Greening,
Herefordshire Pearmain,
Lady,
Maiden's Blush,
Newtown Pippin,
Rambo,
Roman Stem,
Smokehouse,
Summer Golden Pippin,
Summer Queen,
White Juneating,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower.
Mr. Robey, of Fredericksburgh, recommends for that part of Virginia:
Abram,
Baltimore Pippin,
Bowling Sweet,
Brooke's Pippin,
Carter,
Garden,
Gloucester White,
Green Newtown Pippin,
Hollady,
Ladies' Favorite,
Leather Coat,
Limbertwig,
Milam,
Ogleby,
Pryor's Red,
Rawle's Janet,
Red Cathead,
Roberson's White,
Russet (?),
Spice (Va.),
Strawn's Seedling,
Summer Cheese,
Summer Golden Pippin,
Vandervere,
Waugh's Crab,
Winesap,
Winter Cheese,
Winter Queen.
Daniel K. Underwood, Michigan, gives the following extended catalogue:
SUMMER.
Early Harvest,
Early Joe,
Early Strawberry,
Golden Sweet,
Maiden's Blush,
Red Astrachan,
Sweet Bough,
Sine-qua-non,
Summer Queen,
Summer Rose.
AUTUMN.
Alexander,
Daniel,
Duchess of Oldenburgh,
Dyer,
Fall Pippin,
Fameuse,
Gravenstein,
Hawley,
Jersey Sweet,
Keswick Codling,
Late Strawberry,
Porter,
Rambo,
Cayuga Red Streak,
Fall Wine.
WINTER.
Baldwin,
Belmont,
Black Detroit,
Blue Pearmain,
Bourrassa,
Cornish Gilliflower,
Domine,
English Russet,
Esopus,
Green Newtown,
Golden Russet,
Herefordshire,
Hubbardston,
Jonathan,
Ladies' Sweeting,
Lady,
Northern Spy,
Peck's Pleasant,
Red Canada,
Rawle's Janet,
Roxbury,
Swaar,
Stone,
Twenty Ounce Pippin,
Rhode Island Greening,
Vandervere (Newtown Spitzenberg),
Westfield,
Yellow Bellflower.
J.D.G. Nelson, President of the Indiana State Society, an extensive
orchardist at Fort Wayne, presented the following list as the result
of long experience in Northern Indiana:
SUMMER.
Red Astrachan, less profitable.
Early Harvest, less profitable.
Duchess of Oldenburgh, more profitable.
Keswick Codling, more profitable.
Sweet Bough.
High-top Sweet, for profit.
FALL.
Maiden's Blush,
Porter,
Rambo,
Trenton Early,
Dyer,
Lowell,
Hawley,
_Golden Sweet._
WINTER APPLES FOR EXTENSIVE CULTIVATION FOR MARKET.
DARK.--Ben Davis, 500 trees.
Smith's Cider, 300 trees.
Jersey Black, 200 trees.
LIGHT.--Belmont, need careful handling
Wagener, need careful handling
Yellow Bellflower, need careful handling
SWEET.--Bentley Sweet, keeps well.
London Sweet, keeps well.
Talman Sweet, keeps well.
AMATEUR LIST.
American Summer Pearmain,
American Golden Russet,
Evening Party,
King of Tompkins County,
Swaar,
Newtown Pippin.
Dr. Cornett, of Versailles, Indiana, advised to plant
American Summer Pearmain,
Bohanon,
Carolina Red June,
Cooper,
Early Harvest,
Fall Pippin,
Fall Wine,
Golden Russet (American?),
Newtown Pippin,
Pryor's Red,
Rambo,
Rawle's Janet,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower.
Messrs. Lawyer, of South Pass, Union County, Illinois, recommends of
1,000 trees for profit:
250 Ben Davis,
100 Early Harvest,
50 Nickajack,
50 Pryor's Red,
150 Rawle's Janet,
150 Red Astrachan,
50 Rome Beauty,
50 Smith's Cider,
50 White Pippin,
100 Winesap.
Parker Earle, President of the Illinois State Horticultural Society,
an intelligent fruit cultivator in the Southern portion of that State
(called Egypt), recommends the following list as being well adapted
for profit:
Ben Davis,
Buckingham,
Carolina Red June,
Early Harvest,
Golden Sweet,
Jonathan,
Keswick Codling,
Newtown Pippin,
Rambo,
Rawle's Janet,
Red Astrachan,
White Pippin,
White Winter Pearmain,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower.
Wm. C. Hampton, Hardin County, Ohio, recommends for a select list of
winter apples:
Broadwell,
Hubbardston,
Michael Henry,
Ortley,
Rome Beauty,
Seedling Jersey Sweet,
Yellow Bellflower,
Yellow Newtown Pippin.
H.B. Spencer, of Rockport, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, recommends the
following:
Baldwin,
Baltimore,
Belmont,
Esopus Spitzenberg,
Peck's Pleasant,
Red Canada,
Roxbury Russet.
Mr. G.W. Dean, of Welshfield, Geauga County, Ohio, gives the following
list of ten:
Baldwin,
Baltimore,
Canada Red,
Hubbardston,
Ladies' Sweeting,
Peck's Pleasant,
Rambo,
Rhode Island Greening,
Swaar,
Westfield Seek-no-further.
Recommended by M.B. Bateham, Secretary Ohio Pomological Society, for
the Central and Southern portion of the State:
SUMMER.
American Summer Pearmain,
Bough,
Early Harvest,
Early Pennock,
Early Strawberry,
Golden Sweeting,
High-top Sweet,
Keswick Codling,
Red Astrachan,
Summer Queen,
Tetofski.
AUTUMN.
Cooper,
Fall Pippin,
Gravenstein,
Jersey Sweet,
Lowell,
Maiden's Blush,
Ohio Nonpareil,
Orange Sweet,
Rambo,
Smokehouse.
WINTER.
Bullock's Pippin,
Domine,
Fallawater,
London Sweet,
Milam,
Mount Pleasant Sweet,
Newtown Spitzenberg,
Pryor's Red,
Rawle's Janet,
Rome Beauty,
Smith's Cider,
Tallman,
Western Spy,
White Pippin,
Willow,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower.
Select lists from H.N. Gillett for Southern Ohio, Western Virginia and
Kentucky:
SUMMER VARIETIES.
Benoni,
Early Harvest,
Early Chandler,
Primate,
Pound Royal,
Red Astrachan,
Summer Rose,
Summer Queen,
Summer Seek-no-further,
Sine-qua-non.
FALL VARIETIES.
Corse's Favorite,
Cooper,
Favorite,
Fall Pippin,
Fall Wine,
Fallawater,
Gravenstein,
Maiden's Blush,
King of Pippins,
Porter.
WINTER VARIETIES.
Ben Davis,
Black Coal,
Broadwell,
Buckingham [Autumn],
Bullock's Pippin,
Carolina Red [Nickajack?],
Defiance,
Harrison,
Hewes' Crab,
Lady,
Pryor's Red,
Rawle's Janet,
Red Cedar,
Rolen's Keeper,
Rome Beauty,
Roxbury Russet,
Smith's Cider,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower.
By Henry Hefflebower, an extensive orchardist at Montclovia, Lucas
County, Ohio:
American Golden Russet,
Baldwin,
Bellflower,
Belmont,
Bough,
Early Harvest,
Fallawater,
Fall Pippin,
King of Tompkins,
Maiden's Blush,
Newtown Pippin,
Newtown Spitzenberg,
None Such,
Porter,
Primate,
Rambo,
Rawle's Janet,
Red Astrachan,
Seek-no-further,
Smokehouse,
Summer Queen,
Summer Rose,
Swaar,
Sweet Bellflower,
Tallow Pippin,
Twenty Ounce.
HARDY AND TENDER.
After the sad experiences in many portions of the Northwest, where in
some severe winters whole orchards of trees and extensive nurseries
were ruined by the cold, it has become a most important question for
planters to ask whether the varieties recommended are _hardy_. The
testimony of some of our best observers has been collected, and will
be of value, though it may be observed that there is some discrepancy
as to certain sorts.
The following list of hardy and tender varieties was prepared by
Reuben Ragan, Putnam County, Indiana, and has since been carefully
revised. Soil a rich argillaceous loam on lime stone:
TENDER.
Baldwin,
Bullock's Pippin,
Early Harvest,
Esopus,
Fall Pippin,
Gravenstein,
Michael Henry,
*Newtown Spitzenberg,
Ortley,
Pryor's Red,
Rambo,
Rawle's Janet,
Rhode Island Greening,
*Roxbury Russet,
*Summer Queen.
* These suffered in the nursery especially.
HARDY.
American Summer Pearmain,
Carolina June (Red),
Carolina June (Striped),
Chronicle,
Danvers' Winter Sweet,
Early Strawberry,
Fall Queen,
Fall Wine,
Farley Red,
Hannah,
Hoops,
Horse,
Lewis (of Ragan),
McAffee,
Newtown Pippin,
Northern Spy,
Pennock,
Pottinger,
President,
Priestley,
Ragan's Red,
Red Astrachan,
Red Streak,
Rome Beauty,
Sine-qua-non,
Transport,
Vandervere Pippin,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower,
Yellow Juneating.
A.L. Benedict, of Monroe County, has taken great pains in making out
lists of those that were entirely destroyed, partially injured, and
slightly affected by the terribly severe winter of 1855-6:
ENTIRELY DESTROYED.
Baldwin Sweet,
Blue Pearmain,
Cheeseboro Russet,
Egg Top,
English Russet,
Esopus Spitzenberg,
Fall Pippin,
French Pippin,
Lowre Queen,
Newtown Spitzenberg,
Red Juneating,
Rhode Island Greening,
Robinson,
Romanite,
Spice Sweeting,
Wing Sweet,
Yellow Vandervere.
PARTIALLY INJURED.
American Golden Russet,
Belmont,
Black,
Bough,
Butter,
Colvert,
Detroit Black,
Early Harvest,
Fall Wine,
Golden Sweet,
Gray Vandervere,
Hoops,
Kaighn's Spitzenberg,
London Winter Sweet,
Newtown Pippin,
Ortley,
Peck's Pleasant,
Pennock,
Pine,
Rambo,
Raritan Sweet,
Roxbury Russet,
Scallop Gilliflower,
Streaked Vandervere,
Swaar,
Sweet Gilliflower,
Tift's Sweet,
Tulpehocken,
White Pippin,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower.
HARDY OR BUT SLIGHTLY INJURED.
Bethlemite,
Black Gilliflower,
Blockley,
Gloria Mundi,
Grindstone,
Harrison (Newark King),
Jersey King,
Maiden's Blush,
May,
Molasses,
Pennsylvania Red Streak,
Pound Pippin,
Pumpkin Sweet,
Red Winter Sweet,
Roman Stem,
Saint Lawrence,
Saner's Early Sweet,
Summer Queen,
Summer Rose,
Sweet Vandervere,
Tallman Sweet,
Westfield Seek-no-further,
White Rambo,
Whitmore's Sweeting,
Yellow Newtown Pippin.
M.L. Comstock, of Iowa, gives the following list of apples that are
found to be tender in that region:
Baldwin,
Esopus Spitzenberg,
Fall Pippin,
Fameuse,
Gravenstein,
Golden Russet,
Hubbardston,
Jonathan,
Ladies' Sweet,
Newtown Spitzenberg,
Peck's Pleasant,
Pomme Grise,
Rawle's Janet,
Red Canada,
Rhode Island Greening,
White Winter Pearmain.
F.W. Landon, Janesville, Wisconsin, thinking the hardy list would be
too long, gives the following as tender:
Autumn Strawberry,
Baldwin,
Cloth of Gold,
Early Strawberry,
Esopus Spitzenberg,
Lady,
Newtown Spitzenberg,
Northern Spy,
Norton's Melon,
Westfield Seek-no-further.
J.C. Brayton, Azatlan, Wisconsin, gives the following list of hardy
and valuable fruits for the rich lands in the western part of the
State:
SUMMER.
American Summer Pearmain,
Benoni,
Early Harvest,
Early Pennock,
Early Red,
Fall Stripe,
High-top Sweet.
AUTUMN.
Bailey Sweet,
Fall Orange,
Fall Winesap,
Fameuse,
Late Strawberry,
Red Streak,
Roseau,
Saint Lawrence,
Sweet Pear,
Trenton Early,
Utter's Large,
White Gilliflower.
WINTER.
Broadwell,
Domine,
Flushing Spitzenberg,
Golden Russet,
Hoops?
Limbertwig,
Northern Spy,
Perry Russet,
Rawle's Janet,
Red Spitzenberg,
Tallman's Sweet,
Wagener,
Westfield Seek-no-further,
White Winter Pearmain,
Winesap,
Yellow Bellflower.
HARDY, IF TOP-GRAFTED.