1. DOUBLE CONSONANTS.

67. In general, the double consonants became single, in the 9th or 10th

century (perhaps earlier before the accent), but underwent no other

change save those described in §§ 63, 64: _abbātem_ > abat, _sĭccum_

> sẹc, _rĕddo_ > ręt, _affībulāre_ > afiblar, _aggregāre_ > agregar,

_flamma_ > flama, _pĭnna_ > pẹna, _cappa_ > capa, _passum_ > pas,[58]

_mŭttum_ > mọt, _advenīre_ ✱_avvenīre_ > avenir.

(1) Cc before a, in the east and northeast, became tš; elsewhere, c;

_bŭcca_ > bọca bọcha, _vacca_ > vaca vacha.

(2) Ll, in some southern dialects, became l´; elsewhere, l: _capĭllum_

> cabẹl cabẹlh, _grȳllum_ > gril grilh, _mantĕllum_ > mantęl

mantęlh, _villānus_ > vilas vilhas. It is possible, however, that -llī

regularly became l´ in Limousin, while ll before other vowels was not

palatalized: _caballum_ > caval, _caballī_ > cavalh; _ĭllī_ > ilh,

_ĭllōs_ > ẹls; this would account in part for the frequent occurrence

of _lh_ in the poems. So in some dialects -nnī > n´: _annī_ > anh. Cf.

§ 51, 1. For final ls and l, see § 65, L: _ĭllos_ > ẹls ẹus, _vallem_

> val vau. For Gascon l > r, see § 10: _appĕllat_ > apęla apęra.

(3) Rr, when intervocalic, seems generally to have been distinguished

from r during the literary period and later: _cŭrrĕre_ > cọrre,

✱_corrŭptiāre_ > corrossar, _errāre_ > errar, _tĕrra_ > tęrra.

Occasionally, however, rr is found in rhyme with r.

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