1. Occasionally _-am_ rhymes with _-an_ (_afan_: _fam_,
_portam_: _avan_); this seems to show an indistinct
pronunciation of the final nasal in some dialects. Cf. _aven_ =
_avem_ ＜ _habēmu(s)_ in the _Nobla Leyczon_. Cf. § 167, 2.
N remained: _bŏnas_ ＞ bonas, _donāre_ ＞ donar, _lūna_ ＞ lüna. For n
final or contiguous to final s, see § 63, (5): _fīnis_ ＞ fis fins,
_panem_ ＞ pa pan.
1. In _canorgue_, _dimergue_, _morgue_, etc., beside _canonge_,
_dimenge_, _monge_, etc., the r may be explained partly by
dissimilation, partly by the analogy of _clergue_ and of words
with double forms (§ 87).
2. _Menhs_ _meins_, beside regular _mens_ ＜ _mĭnus_, show the
influence of the alternative forms _genhs_ _geins_ and _gens_
from _ingĕnium_ (see § 73, Ny).
3. _Iassey_ (= _iasse_, the latter part of which may be
from _exín_ = _exĭnde_), _tey_ (= _te_ ＜ _tĕnet_), used by
Marcabru, are doubtless due either to a mistaken imitation of
conventional borderland forms (see § 25, 3) or to the analogy
of _crei_ = _cre_ ＜ _crēdo_ (_crei_ itself being due to the
analogy of _dei_ ＜ _dēbeo_, _vei_ ＜ _vĭdeo_).
N´ will be considered, as ny, under Groups, § 73, Ny.
P, from the 4th to the 6th century, was voiced to b: _capĭllum_ ＞
cabẹl, _rīpa_ ＞ riba, ✱_sapēre_ (= _sapĕre_) ＞ sabẹr, _trepalium_ ＞
trebalh; _capit_ ＞ cap (§ 63), _sapis_ ＞ saps.
1. In some borderland dialects p ＞ v, as in French: _saver_.
_Evescat_, _evesque_, beside _bisbat_, _bisbe_, are French.
2. _Apud_, used as a proclitic, became for some reason in
Vulgar Latin ✱_apu_, which developed regularly into ✱_abu_
and, after the fall of intertonic vowels, _ab_. This _ab_
assimilated its b more or less to a following consonant,
becoming _ap_ before voiceless consonants, _am_ before nasals;
_am_, used before dentals, became _an_: hence we have four
forms, _ab_, _ap_, _am_, _an_. _Amb_ perhaps developed first
from _am_ before l, as in _am l’autre_; when used before a
consonant with which mb did not readily combine, it expanded
into _ambe_. See Elise Richter, _Zs._, XXVI, 532; J. Huber,
_Zs._, XXX, 583.
3. In some dialects, apparently, p was not voiced after au:
_sapuĕrunt_ ✱_sapwĕrunt_ ✱_saupĕrunt_ ＞ _saubron_ _saupron_.
Cf. § 65, C, 1.