One of the four rivers of Eden; on its banks Nimrod f. the Babylonian
empire, and the Old Testament patriarchs dwelt.
=Eurymedon=, Asia Minor. 37N. 31E. River at whose mouth Persians were
defeated by Cimon, 466 B.C.
=Everest=, Mount, Nepal. 28N. 87E. Highest known peak in the world, the
altitude of which was discovered by Sir George Everest, 1841; named in
his honour by Sir Andrew Waugh, 1856.
=Falta=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. Scene of British retreat after capture of
Calcutta, 1756.
=Famagousta=, Cyprus. 35N. 34E. F. by Ptolemy Philadelphus. Taken by
Richard Coeur de Lion, 1191; Guy de Lusignan crowned here. Captured by
Genoese, 1376; yielded to Turks, 1571.
=Fatehgarh=, United Provs. 27N. 80E. F. by Nawab Mohammed Khan, c. 1714;
stormed by Mahrattas, 1751; Lord Lake defeated Holkar, 1804.
=Ferozeshah=, Punjab. 31N. 75E. Sir Hugh Gough and Sir Henry Hardinge
defeated Sikhs, 1845. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
=Firospur= ('city of Firuz'), Punjab. 28N. 77E. Battle fought between
Sikhs and British, which gave Punjab to Britain, 1845.
=Formosa= ('beautiful'), China. 24N. 121E. Portuguese landed, 1590. Dutch
f. Fort Zelandia, 1624; withdrew, 1662. Attached to China, 1683; opened
to foreigners, 1858; Anping and Zelandia occupied by British, 1868, but
restored to China; island invaded by Japanese, 1874; captured by French,
1884; ceded by China to Japan, 1895. (See Diosy's 'New Far East,'
Little's 'Far East.')
=Fort St. David=, Madras. 12N. 80E. F. by Hindu, Chinnia Chetti; purchased
by British, 1690; Clive became its governor, 1756; captured by French
under Lally, 1758; given up, 1760; recaptured, 1782; restored to
British, 1785.
=Fu-chau= ('happy region'), China. 26N. 119E. The walled capital of
Fu-kien. Open to foreign trade, 1842; contains an arsenal constructed by
two Frenchmen, 1867; bombarded by French, 1884.
=Fuji Yama=, Japan. 35N. 139E. Supposed to have sprung up in a single
night, 285 B.C. Highest mountain in Japan, held in religious veneration,
famous in legend, poetry, and art. It is volcanic, the last outbreak
taking place in 1707. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar
Japan.')
=Fulia=, Bengal. 23N. 88E. Bp. of Krittibas, translator into Bengali of
'Ramayana.'
=Furruckabad= ('happy abode'), Bengal. 25N. 88E. Lord Lake defeated
Mahratta Holkar, 1805.
=Futtehghur=, Rajputana. 26N. 75E. Nearly entire European inhabitants
massacred, 1857.
=Futtipur-Sikri= ('city of victory'), United Provs. 27N. 78E. F. by Akbar,
1570. Res. and burial-place of Saint Salim Chishti. (See Mrs. F. A.
Steel's 'Prince of Dreamers.')
=Fyzabad=, Afghanistan. 37N. 70E. Destroyed by Murad Beg, 1829; rebuilt by
Faiz Muhammed Khan, 1865.
=Galle=, Ceylon. 6N. 80E. F. by Portuguese, 1518; taken by Dutch, 1642; by
British, 1796.
=Galna=, Bombay. 21N. 75E. Pillaged by Sivaji, 1679; captured by
Aurungzebe, 1705; by Colonel Wallace, 1804.
=Gamala=, Palestine. 33N. 36E. Unsuccessfully besieged by Agrippa;
captured by Vespasian in Jewish war, 66-70.
=Gaur=, Bengal. 25N. 88E. Ancient capital of Bengal. Seized by
Mohammedans, 1204; embellished by Akbar, 1575. (See Burton's 'Vikram and
the Vampire,' 7th story.)
=Gaya=, Bengal. 25N. 85E. Sacred city of the Buddhists, being the bp. of
Buddha.
=Gaza=, Palestine. 32N. 34E. City from which Samson is said to have taken
the gates. Burnt by Syrian king, Alexander Jannæus, 96 B.C.; captured by
Omar, 634; occupied by Templars, 1152; taken by Saladin, 1187. (See
Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en
Syrie et en Egypte.')
=Gerasa=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Taken by Alexander Jannæus, 83 B.C.;
rebuilt by Romans, 65 B.C.
=Gethsemane=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Scene of Christ's vigil on the eve of
his crucifixion. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient.')
=Ghaziabad=, United Provs. 29N. 77E. F. by Ghazi-ud-din, 1740. Suraj Mal
killed by Rohillas, 1763.
=Ghazipur=, United Provs. 26N. 84E. Capital of district of Ghazipur;
contains many magnificent ruins. Lord Cornwallis died here, 1805. (See
Kipling's 'In an Opium Factory.')
=Ghazni=, Afghanistan. 34N. 68E. Seized by Nadir Shah, 1738; by Lord
Keane, 1839; by General Nutt, 1842. Contains tomb of Mahmud of Ghazni,
1030.
=Gheriah=, Bombay. 17N. 73E. Bombarded by British fleet under Admiral
Watson, and captured by Clive, 1756; British possession, 1818.
=Ghodbandar=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Mahrattas unsuccessfully stormed town,
1672; captured from Portuguese, 1737.
=Ghoraghat=, Bengal. 25N. 89E. Mentioned in the 'Mahabharata' as place of
refuge of Virat Rajah.
=Gibeah=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Res. of King Saul, and alleged to be his
birthplace.
=Gibeon=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Famous in Old Testament history, especially
for Joshua's defence of the city against the Amorites.
=Gilboa=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Range of hills, on one of which King Saul
and his three sons were killed in battle.
=Gingi=, Madras. 12N. 79E. Captured by Bandaullah Khan, 1638; by Sivaji,
1677; besieged for eight years by Zulfikar Khan, 1690; taken by French,
1750; by British, 1761; abandoned to Hyder Ali, 1780.
=Giria=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Celebrated for defeat of Sarfaraz Khan, 1740;
and Mir Kasim, 1763.
=Giridhi=, Bengal. 24N. 86E. Centre of Karharbari coal-fields, and
described in Kipling's 'Giridih Coal-Fields.'
=Goa=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Taken by Mohammedans, 1469; by Albuquerque, 1510;
by British, 1807; recaptured by Portuguese, 1815. Contains tomb of St.
Francis Xavier. (See Marryat's 'Phantom Ship,' Burton's 'Goa and the
Blue Mountains,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')
=Gobardanga=, Bengal. 23N. 89E. Alleged place where Krishna guarded his
flocks.
=Gobardhan=, Rajputana. 27N. 77E. Said to have been a favourite res. of
Krishna.
=Gokana=, Punjab. 29N. 77E. Contains tomb of Saint Shah Zia-ud-din
Mohammed.
=Gokarn=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Place of pilgrimage for Hindus; mentioned in
'Mahabharata' and 'Ramayana.'
=Golconda=, Haidarabad. 18N. 78E. A ruined city, f. by Rajah of Warangal;
destroyed by Aurungzebe, 1687.
=Gooruncondah= ('horse-hill'), Madras. 14N. 79E. Taken by Hyder Ali, 1768;
yielded to Trimbak Rao, 1771; captured by Tippoo Sahib, 1773; British
possession, 1800.
=Granicus=, Asia Minor. 40N. 27E. River on the banks of which Alexander
the Great first defeated the Persians, 334 B.C.; Lucullus defeated
Mithridates, 74 B.C.
=Gujranwala=, Punjab. 32N. 74E. Bp. of Ranjit Singh, and burial-place of
his father and of himself.
=Gujrat=, Punjab. 33N. 74E. Sikhs conquered by Sir Hugh Gough, 1849. (See
Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
=Gulbarga=, Haidarabad. 17N. 77E. Taken by Zafar Khan, 1347; by Mir Jumla,
1657. Contains tomb of Khwaja Band Nawaz, Mussulman saint.
=Gumush-Khaneh= ('place of silver'), Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 38E. Pasha of
Trebizond defeated by Russians, 1829.
=Gutti=, Madras. 15N. 78E. Res. of Morari Rao. Fell to Hyder Ali, 1775;
British possession, 1800.
=Gwalior=, Central India. 26N. 78E. Contains palace of Man Singh, f. 1486,
and Victoria College; also tombs of Sheik Mohammed Ghaus and of Tan Sen.
Maharajah faithful to England, though his army rebelled during Mutiny,
1857.
=Haidarabad=, Haidarabad. 17N. 79E. Capital of the Nizam's dominions; f.
by Cuttub-Shah, 1585. Taken and plundered by Aurungzebe, 1687.
=Hakata=, Japan. 34N. 130E. Formerly an independent town; now forming part
of Tukuoka. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Out of the East.')
=Halicarnassus=, Asia Minor. 37N. 27E. Mausoleum erected here by Artemisia
in honour of her husband, Mausolus. Bp. of Herodotus and Dionysius.
=Hamadan=, Persia. 35N. 48E. F. on the site of ancient Ecbatana,
containing tombs alleged to be of Mordecai and Esther, also those of
Avicenna, Attar, and Abul-Hasi.
=Hamah=, Syria. 35N. 37E. Often mentioned in the Old Testament. Fell into
the hands of Tancred, 1108; of Togtekin, 1115; of Saladin, 1178.
Abulfeda, the Arabian geographer, was emir, 1342-54.
=Hami=, China. 43N. 94E. Described in the 'Travels of Marco Polo.'
=Hang-Chau=, China. 30N. 120E. Capital of Che-kiang. Visited by Marco Polo
and Barrow. Successfully stormed by Taiping rebels, 1861; open to
foreign trade and res., 1896. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo,' Little's
'Far East.')
=Han-kau= ('Han-mouth'), China. 31N. 114E. Greatest commercial city of
empire; mentioned by F. J. Little in 'The Far East.'
=Hanoi= ('within the river'), Indo-China. 21N. 106E. F. by a Chinese
governor, c. 767, became capital of Annam. Citadel built in 808.
Contains a colossal Buddha, also statue to Paul Bert. French possession
since 1882. (See Little's 'Far East.')
=Hansi=, Punjab. 29N. 76E. Alleged to have been f. by Anang Pal. Seized by
Masud, 1036; by Mohammed of Ghor, 1192. Contains tomb of Kulb
Jamal-ud-din.
=Hanumangarh=, Rajputana. 30N. 74E. Tamerlane defeated by Dul Chand, 1398;
taken by Kamran, 1549.
=Harbin=, Manchuria. 46N. 127E. Military base of Russians during
Russo-Japanese War. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia,' Little's 'Far East.')
=Hardwar= ('gate of Vishnu'), United Provs. 30N. 78E. Famous resort of
pilgrims; battle between two rival sects, 1760; terrible epidemic of
cholera, 1847.
=Harnai=, Bombay. 18N. 73E. Attacked by Commodore James, 1755; captured by
Colonel Kennedy, 1818.
=Hattia=, Bengal. 23N. 91E. Captured by Portuguese pirates, 1607.
Destroyed by cyclone, 1876.
=Hayil=, Arabia. 28N. 42E. Visited by C. M. Doughty, and described in
'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'
=Hebron=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Frequently mentioned in the Bible,
especially in connection with David. Traditionally supposed to have been
f. by Adam. The cave of Macpelah reputed to be here, containing Abraham,
Isaac, Jacob, Sarah, Rebecca, and Leah. The tombs are shown of Ruth,
Jesse, and Abner. Conquered by Saladin, 1187; destroyed by Ibrahim
Pasha, 1834 and 1837. (See Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')
=Hei-ku-tai=, Manchuria. 42N. 123E. Seized by the Russians, 1904.
=Herat=, Afghanistan. 34N. 62E. Foundation attributed to Alexander the
Great. Taken by Arabs, 661; by Nadir Shah, 1730; Persians defeated by
British, 1837; fell to Yar Mohammed Khan, 1842; to Dost Mohammed, 1862.
(See Rawlinson's 'England and Russia in the East.')
=Heshbon=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Mentioned in the Bible, and described by
C. M. Doughty in 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'
=Hikone=, Japan. 35N. 137E. Contains remains of ancient Daimio castle.
Battle of Sekigahare fought near here, 1600.
=Hinomizaki=, Japan. 35N. 132E. Described by Lafcadio Hearn in 'Glimpses
of Unfamiliar Japan.'
=Hissar=, Punjab. 29N. 76E. F. by Firoz Shah Tughlak, 1356; captured by
the adventurer, George Thomas, 1783; mutinied 1857.
=Homs=, Syria. 35N. 37E. Aurelian conquered Zenobia, 272; city captured by
Saracens, 636; by Crusaders, 1099; Turks defeated by Ibrahim Pasha in
command of Egyptian forces, 1832. Bp. of Heliogabalus. (See Volney's
'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte.')
=Honawar=, Bombay. 14N. 74E. Visited by Ibn Batatu, 1342. Occupied by
Portuguese, 1505; captured by British, 1783, 1799.
=Hong-Kong= ('fragrant streams'), China. 22N. 114E. Occupied by British
troops, 1841; ceded to Britain, 1842. (See Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea,'
Little's 'Far East.')
=Hor= ('mountain'), Arabia Petræa. 30N. 36E. Mountain on which tradition
relates the death of Aaron took place.
=Horeb=, Arabia Petræa. 29N. 34E. Mountain on which Moses is said to have
seen the burning bush, and to which Elijah fled from Jezebel. (See
'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')
=Hsi-ngan= ('west tranquil city'), China. 34N. 109E. Visited by Marco
Polo; contains oldest mosque in China and tablet with Chinese and Syriac
inscription dating from 781. Emperor and dowager empress sought refuge
here, 1900.
=Hubli= ('old village'), Bombay. 15N. 75E. Captured by Muazzam, 1685; by
General Munro, 1818.
=Hue=, Indo-China. 16N. 108E. Capital of Annam; forts taken by French,
1883. (See Little's 'Far East.')
=Hugli=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. F. by Portuguese, 1537; besieged by Shah Jahan,
1629; Mohammedans made it royal port, 1632; East India Company
established factory, 1640; destroyed by fire, 1685.
=Ida=, Asia Minor. 40N. 27E. Range of mountains celebrated by Homer. In
them the Simois, Granicus and Scamander had their origin, and Troy lay
in the valley. Supposed scene of rape of Ganymede and judgment of Paris.
=Ipsus=, Asia Minor. 39N. 31E. Seleucus and Lysimachus conquered Antigonus
and Demetrius Poliorcetes, 301 B.C. or 300 B.C.
=Irkutsk=, Siberia. 52N. 104E. F. by Cossacks, 1653; proclaimed town, and
first church built, 1686; government headquarters, 1736; devastated by
fire, 1879. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia.')
=Isker=, Siberia. 58N. 67E. Captured by Russians under Yermak, 1579.
=Ismid=, Asia Minor. 41N. 30E. Formerly capital of Bithynia under name of
Nicomedia; given to the Romans by Nicomede III. Destroyed by Goths, and
by earthquake, 358. Taken by Turks, 1326.
=Isnik=, Asia Minor. 40N. 30E. F. by Antigone. Nicene creed formed here by
a council held against Arius, 325.
=Ispahan=, Persia. 33N. 52E. Said to have been f. by Jews who were taken
captive by Nebuchadnezzar; former capital of Persia. Tamerlane massacred
the inhabitants, 1392; besieged and plundered by Afghans, 1722; re-taken
by Nadir Shah, 1729. (See Montesquieu's 'Lettres Persanes,' 'Purchas His
Pilgrimes.')
=Issus=, Asia Minor. 37N. 36E. Alexander the Great conquered Darius in a
decisive battle, 333 B.C.; Septimus Severus defeated Niger, 194;
Heraclius overthrew Persians, 622.
=Istalif=, Afghanistan. 35N. 69E. Destroyed by British, 1842.
=Jabbok= ('copious river'), Palestine. 32N. 36E. River on the banks of
which Jacob is supposed to have wrestled with an angel. (See Doughty's
'Travels in Arabia Deserta.')
=Jaffa=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Celebrated in heathen mythology as the scene
of the adventure of Perseus and Andromeda, in Scripture history as the
port from which Jonas embarked and city in which Peter raised Tabitha.
Cæsar yielded town to the Jews, but it returned to Rome, 6; taken by
El-Malik el-Adil, Saladin's brother, 1188; ceded to Christians, 1204;
restored by Frederick II., 1228; fortified by St. Louis, 1252;
dismantled by Beybars, 1267; taken by Napoleon, 1799; by Mehemet Ali,
1832; by Turks, 1840. Partially destroyed by earthquake, 1838. (See
Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Hakluyt's
'Voyages.')
=Jalalabad=, Afghanistan. 34N. 70E. F. by Akbar, 1570. Sir Robert Sale
made a successful resistance against Afghans, 1842.
=Jalandhar=, Punjab. 31N. 76E. Visited by Hiuen Tsiang. Destroyed by
Sikhs, 1757; taken by Ranjit Singh, 1811.
=Jamalpur=, Bengal. 25N. 86E. Chief locomotive centre of East Indian
Railway, described by Kipling in 'Among the Railway Folk.'
=Jaypur=, Rajputana. 27N. 76E. F. by Sawai Jai Singh, 1728; greatest city
of Rajputana. (See Kipling's 'Letters of Marque.')
=Jericho=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient city frequently mentioned in
biblical history, and also by Josephus and Strabo. It was destroyed by
Joshua, but rebuilt in Ahab's reign. Here Christ healed blind Bartimæus.
(See Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,'
Thomson's 'Land and the Book.')
=Jerusalem=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient capital of Palestine, mentioned
in Egyptian record c. 1400 B.C. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, 586 B.C.;
Jews permitted to return by Cyrus, 536 B.C.; Jews massacred by Antiochus
IV., 168 B.C.; fortified by Judas Maccabæus, 165 B.C.; captured by
Pompey, 63 B.C.; taken and destroyed by Titus, 70; new city f. by
Hadrian, 71; Godfrey de Bouillon reigned, 1099; passed into hands of
Ottoman Turks, 1516. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Firdausi's 'Sha Name,'
Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,'
'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Hakluyt's
'Voyages.')
=Jezreel= ('God sows'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. A town near which Saul fell
in battle, containing the res. of Jezebel and Ahab.
=Jhansi=, Central India. 26N. 79E. F. by Bir Singh Deo. Massacre of
Europeans in the Mutiny, 1857.
=Jhelum=, Punjab. 31N. 72E. The Hydaspes of classical literature, on the
banks of which Alexander the Great defeated the Indian chief Porus.
=Jidda=, Arabia. 22N. 39E. Taken by Turks, 1840; massacre of Christian
missionaries, 1858. Contains supposed tomb of Eve. (See Doughty's
'Travels in Arabia Deserta,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.')
=Jind=, Punjab. 29N. 76E. Attacked by Gajpat Singh, 1755; Rahim Dad Khan
here met his death, 1775.
=Joonir=, Bombay. 19N. 74E. F. by Malik-ut-Tujar, 1436; pillaged by
Sivaji, 1657.
=Jordan=, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Chief river of Palestine, of which mention
occurs frequently in biblical history. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,'
Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient.')
=Jugduluk=, Afghanistan. 35N. 70E. British troops massacred, 1842.
=Kabbaldurga=, Madras. 12N. 77E. Chama Rajah imprisoned here in 1734, and
Morari Rao by Hyder Ali.
=Kabul=, Afghanistan. 35N. 69E. Conquered by Nadir Shah, 1739; by British,
1839; massacre of British soldiers, 1842; retaken by British, 1842; by
Shere Ali, 1868; massacre of Major Cavagnari, 1879; Lord Roberts subdued
city in his campaign, 1878-80. (See Firdausi's 'Sha Name.')
=Kagoshima=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Destroyed by British fleet, 1863; Satsuma
Rebellion had its origin here, but was crushed, 1877.
=Kaithal=, Punjab. 30N. 76E. Contains tomb of Mohammedan saint
Salah-ud-din of Balkh. Captured by Bhai Desu Singh, 1767.
=Kalat=, Baluchistan. 29N. 67E. Unsuccessfully attacked by Ahmad Shah
Durrani, 1758; captured by British, 1839.
=Kalgan=, China. 41N. 115E. Walled city mentioned by A. J. Little in 'The
Far East.'
=Kallinjar=, Bengal. 25N. 80E. Connected with worship of Siva. Attacked by
Mahmoud of Ghazni, 1023; captured by Kutb-ud-din, 1203; besieged by
Humayun, 1530; taken by Akbar, 1569; by British, 1812.
=Kalpi=, United Provs. 26N. 80E. Said to have been f. by Basdeo. Captured
by Kutb-ud-din, 1196; by Humayun, 1527; by British, 1798.
=Kalyan=, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Captured by Portuguese, 1536; by Mohammedans,
1660; by British, 1780.
=Kamagawa=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Town at which treaty was signed opening
Japan to Europeans, 1854.
=Kamakura=, Japan. 35N. 140E. Former capital of Shogunate, and contains
colossal statue of Buddha. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar
Japan.')
=Kampil=, Bengal. 28N. 79E. Mentioned in 'Mahabharata' as scene of wedding
of Draupadi.
=Kan-chow=, China. 39N. 101E. Described in 'Travels of Marco Polo.'
=Kanchrapara=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. Bp. of Iswar Chandra Gupta.
=Kandahar=, Afghanistan. 32N. 66E. F. by Ahmed Shah, 1747, near site of
city f. by Alexander the Great, 330 B.C. Taken by British, 1839, 1879.
Stormed by Ayub Khan, but relieved by Lord Roberts, 1880.
=Kandy=, Ceylon. 7N. 81E. Contained temple in which was supposed to be a
tooth of Buddha; destroyed by Portuguese. Capital of Ceylon, 1592; taken
by Portuguese, 1796; entered by British, 1803; became British
possession, 1815.
=Kang-hwa= ('river-flower'), Korea. 38N. 127E. Plundered by French under
Admiral Roze, 1866; attacked by Americans, 1871; peace established by
treaty, 1875.
=Kangra=, Punjab. 32N. 76E. Pillaged by Firoz Shah, 1360; taken by Sansar
Chand, 1785.
=Kapilavastu=, Nepal. 28N. 83E. Site of city not definitely known, but was
ancient capital of Sakyas, and bp. of Buddha. (See Sir Edwin Arnold's
'Light of Asia.')
=Karachi=, Sind. 25N. 67E. F. in 1725; ceded by Talpur Amirs to British,
1842.
=Karakoram=, China. 46N. 102E. Said to be ancient capital of Genghis Khan.
(See 'Travels of Marco Polo.')
=Karazan=, China. 25N. 103E. Capital of province of Yun-Nan. (See 'Travels
of Marco Polo.')
=Karikal=, Madras, 11N. 80E. Ceded to French by Rajah of Tanjaur, 1739;
seized by British, 1803; restored to French, 1814.
=Karnal=, Punjab. 30N. 77E. Contains tomb of Bu-Ali Kalandar. Pillaged by
Ibrahim Husain Mirza, 1573; captured by Mahrattas, 1787; by British,
1805.
=Kars=, Armenia. 41N. 43E. Taken by Turks, 1546; fortified, 1579;
conquered by Persians, 1744; by Russians, under Paskevitch, 1828; Ismael
Pasha and General Williams held it unsuccessfully against Russians,
1855; stormed by Russians, 1877; and ceded to them, 1878.
=Karur= ('embryo town'), Madras. 11N. 78E. Seized by British, 1760; by
Hyder Ali, 1768; by General Medows, 1790.
=Kashgar=, Eastern Turkestan. 39N. 76E. Rebelled against China, and became
capital of Yakub Beg's dominions, 1865; retaken by Chinese, 1877. (See
'Travels of Marco Polo,' Rawlinson's 'England and Russia in the East,'
Little's 'Far East.')
=Kashmir, Vale of=, Kashmir. 34N. 75E. Scene of the story of 'The Light of
the Haram' in Moore's 'Lalla Rookh.'
=Kasur=, Punjab. 31N. 75E. Alleged to have been f. by Kusa, son of Rama.
Besieged by Bhangi chiefs, 1763, 1770; Ranjit Singh defeated Kutb-ud-din
Khan, 1807.
=Katwa=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Sacred town as res. of apostle Chaitanya.
=Kaveripak=, Madras. 13N. 79E. Rajah Sahib and French defeated by Clive,
1752. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
=Kaveripatnam=, Madras. 12N. 78E. Taken from Hyder Ali by British, 1767.
=Kendubilwa=, Bengal. 24N. 88E. Bp. and burial-place of Jayadeva, composer
of 'Gita Govinda.' (See R. C. Dutt's 'Lit. of Bengal.')
=Kerbela=, Asiatic Turkey. 33N. 44E. Hosein, son of Caliph Ali, killed in
battle with rival Yazid, 680; chief building of the city, visited by
many pilgrims, is mosque containing Hosein's tomb. Subdued by Turks,
1843.
=Kerkouk=, Kurdistan. 35N. 44E. Stormed and taken by Nadir Shah, 1741.
Tomb is shown supposed to be of Daniel and other 'children of the
furnace.'
=Kerman=, Persia. 30N. 56E. Taken and plundered by Mahomed Khan, 1794.
=Khaiba=, Arabia. 26N. 40E. Visited by C. M. Doughty, and described in
'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'
=Khaiber Pass=, Afghanistan. 34N. 71E. In Afghan wars opposition to
British passage overcome, 1839; terrible loss encountered in retreat,
1842; held by neighbouring Afridis, 1879.
=Khatmandu=, Nepal. 28N. 85E. Believed to have been f. c. 723. Massacre of
British, 1846.
=Khios=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 26E. Famous as bp. of Ion, Theocritus, and
Theopompus; contained the 'school of Homer.'
=Khiva=, Russian Turkestan. 42N. 60E. Captured by Russians under General
Kaufmann, 1873. (See Rawlinson's 'England and Russia in the East.')
=Khuldabad=, Haidarabad. 20N. 75E. Contains many tombs of famous men,
among others those of Nasir Jang and Aurungzebe.
=Kiakhta=, Siberia. 50N. 107E. Described by Bishop Sheepshanks in 'My Life
in Mongolia and Siberia.'
=Kidron=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Valley which was the scene of many
incidents in biblical narratives; David crossed the River Kidron when
fleeing from Absalom. Believed will be scene of Last Judgment. Mentioned
by Jerome and Eusebius.
=Kin-chau=, Manchuria. 39N. 121E. Japanese defeated Russians, 1904.
=King-te-shen=, China. 29N. 117E. Partially destroyed by Tai-ping rebels,
1855.
=Kioto=, Japan. 35N. 136E. F. by Kuwammu. Former capital of Japan. (See
Lafcadio Hearn's 'Out of the East,' Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')
=Kirtipur=, Punjab. 32N. 75E. Nanek, founder of Sikh religion, and
compiler of 'Adi-Granth' died here.
=Kishon=, Palestine. 33N. 35E. Scene of defeat of Sisera, and Elijah's
destruction of the prophets of Baal. Battle fought on banks of river
between Turks and French, 1799.
=Kizuki=, Japan. 35N. 133E. Great centre of Shinto religion in Japan. (See
Lafcadio Hearn's 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.')
=Kobe=, Japan. 35N. 135E. Formerly an independent town, but united to
Hiogo, 1892. (See Kipling's 'From Sea to Sea.')
=Kolar=, Mysore. 13N. 78E. Contains tomb of father of Hyder Ali. Given to
Hyder Ali, 1761; captured by British, 1768; by Mahrattas, 1770; by
British, 1791.