Preble (1899:17), and those from northwestern Pennsylvania and
northeastern Ohio, allocated to _Z. h. hardyi_ (= _acadicus_) by Bole
and Moulthrop (1942:165), are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ in
size and shape of the auditory bullae, short zygomata, relatively narrow
mastoid region, and color of pelage.
Specimens from the lower peninsula of Michigan, northeastern Indiana,
and northwestern Ohio, described by Bole and Moulthrop (_op. cit._:168)
as belonging to a new subspecies (_Zapus hudsonius brevipes_), are to me
indistinguishable from most specimens of _Z. h. americanus_. The
characters which Bole and Moulthrop (_loc. cit._) ascribe to _Z. h.
brevipes_--color bright Ochraceous-Buff, tail and hind feet short, and
skull narrow--are also those of _Z. h. americanus_.
Specimens from various localities in southeastern Ohio, all within the
range ascribed by Bole and Moulthrop (_op. cit._:169) to _Zapus
hudsonius rafinesquei_, are indistinguishable from specimens of _Z. h.
americanus_ from eastern Tennessee, West Virginia, North Carolina, and
Maryland. _Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_ (at least that part from
southeastern Ohio) is indistinguishable from _Z. h. americanus_ and
therefore is synonymized under _Z. h. americanus_.
Specimens from Lagrange County, Indiana, show intergradation between
_Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ and _Z. h. americanus_ in the color of the
pelage but are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ to which they are
here referred. One from Porter County, Indiana, is more nearly like _Z.
h. intermedius_ in size and shape of the bullae and in breadth of the
pterygoid fossae but in color and degree of lateral bowing of the
zygomata is better placed with _Z. h. americanus_.
_Z. h. americanus_ is a wide ranging subspecies. Animals at the northern
periphery of the range (lower peninsula of Michigan to the west and
southeastern Massachusetts to the east) are largest and darkest; to the
southward there is a progressive reduction in size and a change to a
lighter, brighter color. Animals from Maryland, Virginia, and North
Carolina are more nearly average representatives of the subspecies than
are those from the region of the type locality.
A jumping mouse allegedly of this subspecies has been recorded by
Coleman (1941:91) from Caesars Head, 300 ft., South Carolina. This
specimen and one from Athens, Georgia, provide the southeasternmost
record-stations of occurrence for the species _Z. hudsonius_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 318, distributed as follows:
CONNECTICUT: _Hartford County_: _Windsor_, 1 (USBS); _East Hartford_, 2
(MCZ). _Litchfield County_: Sharon, 3 (AMNH); _Macedonia Park_, 2
(AMNH). _Middlesex County_: _Clinton_, 1 (AMNH). _Windham County_: South
Woodstock, 10 (AMNH); _Pomfret, near Hampton line_, 1.
GEORGIA: _Clarke Co._: Athens, 1 (USBS).
INDIANA: _Lagrange Co._: no exact locality, 2 (UM). _Porter Co._:
Mineral Springs, 1 (FM); _no exact locality_, 1 (FM).
MARYLAND: _Anne Arundel County_: _Patuxent Research Refuge_, 1 (USBS).
_Charles County_: _no exact locality_, 1 (USBS). _Garrett Co._: Finzel,
6 mi. N Frostburg, 1 (USBS). _Montgomery County_: _Sandy Springs_, 2
(USBS); _Kensington_, 1 (USNM); _Cabin John Bridge_, 2 (1 USBS; 1 USNM).
_Prince Georges County_: _Laurel_, 8 (USNM); _Branchville_, 1 (USBS);
_College Park_, 1. _Worchester County_: Assateague, 5 mi. S Ocean City,
1 (USBS).
MASSACHUSETTS: _Barnstable County_: _West Falmouth_, 1 (USBS). _Bristol
County_: _Raynham_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Dukes County_: _Martha's Vineyard_,
1 (USBS); _West Chop, Martha's Vineyard_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Nantucket
County_: _Nantucket Island_, 1 (USNM). _Plymouth County_: Middleboro, 1
(USNM); _Plymouth_, 1 (UM); _Marshfield_, 6 (USBS); _Wareham_, 3 (1
Clev. MNH; 2 UM).
MICHIGAN: _Alcona Co._: _2 mi. S Harrisville_, 2 (UM). _Allegan Co._:
_near junction Swan Creek and Kalamazoo River_, 3 (UM). _Berrien Co._:
_Warren Woods_, 2 (UM); _Three Oaks_, 1 (UM). _Charlevoix Co._: _Thumb
Lake_, 1 (UM); _Section 1 Norwood Township_, 1 (UM); _Boyne Falls_, 12
(UM); _2 mi. S Boyne Falls_, 2 (UM). _Cheboygan Co._: Douglas Lake, 2
(UM). _Clinton Co._: _2 mi. SE DeWitt_, 1 (UM). _Emmet Co._: _Maple
River, near Douglas Lake_, 1 (UM). _Huron Co._: _Rush Lake_, 1 (UM).
_Kalamazoo Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (UM). _Lake Co._: _1 mi. NW
Chase_, 1 (UM). _Livingston Co._: _George Reserve, Pinckney_, 2 (UM);
_Upper Whitewood Lake_, 1 (UM); _Whitmore Lake_, 1 (UM); _Portage Lake_,
3 (UM). _Mason Co._: 9 mi. N Ludington, 1 (UM). _Midland Co._: Sanford,
1 (UM). _Montmorency Co._: _T. 32N, R. 1E, Sec. 30_, 1 (UM). _Muskegon
Co._: _4 mi. NW North Muskegon_, 2 (UM). _Oakland Co._: Bloomfield, 1
(UM); _no exact locality_, 1 (UM). _Otsego Co._: _Pigeon River_, 1 (UM);
_T. 32N, R. 1W, Sec. 25_, 1 (UM); _Waters_, 1. _Roscommon Co._: _T. 24N,
R. 2W, Sec. 2_, 1 (UM). _Shiawassee Co._: _1/2 mi. NE Byron_, 5 (UM);
_1/4 mi. S Byron_, 2 (UM); _2 mi. SE Byron_, 1 (UM); _3 mi. SW Byron_, 1
(UM). _Van Buren Co._: _Van Auken Lake_, 1 (UM). _Washtenaw County_:
_Whitmore Lake_, 1 (UM); _2 mi. W Cherry Hill_, 1 (UM); _Ann Arbor_, 7
(UM); _2 mi. E Ann Arbor_, 2 (UM); _Willow Run Village_, 1 (UM).
NEW JERSEY: _Bergen County_: Harrington Park, 1 (AMNH); _Englewood_, 1
(USNM). _Cape May County_: _Mays Landing_, 3 (Clev. MNH). _Morris
County_: _Mendham_, 1 (AMNH). _Ocean County_: Tuckerton, 3 (USBS).
NEW YORK: _Broome Co._: _5 mi. N Binghamton_, 2 (USNM). _Cayuga County_:
E Aurora, 1 (USBS). _Greene County_: Catskills, 4 (USNM); _Kaaterskill
Junction_, 1 (USNM). _Madison County_: Peterboro, 25 (2 MCZ; 19 USNM; 4
Clev. MNH). _Nassau County_: Locust Grove, 3 (USNM). _Orange Co._:
_Cranberry Pond, 840 ft., Highland_, 2 (USNM). _Otsego County_: _Lake
Charlotte_, 1 (AMNH). _Queens County_: _Woodside, Long Island_, 1
(USNM); _near Forest Hills, Long Island_, 1 (AMNH); _Ray Nu Beach, Long
Island_, 1 (USNM). _Rockland County_: _Tappan_, 1 (AMNH). _Schoharie
County_: _Lawyersville_, 1 (AMNH); _Schoharie_, 1 (AMNH). _Suffolk
County_: _Montauk Point, Long Island_, 8 (USBS). _Tioga County_:
_Owego_, 1 (USBS). _Westchester Co._: _Bedford_, 1 (AMNH).
NORTH CAROLINA: _Buncombe County_: _Weaverville_, 1 (AMNH). _Cherokee
Co._: Martin Creek, 2 (UM). _Mitchell County_: Roan Mountain, 2 (USBS).
_Wake County_: Raleigh, 5 (3 USNM; 1 UM; 1 NCS).
OHIO: _Carroll Co._: Carrollton, 2 (UM). _Cuyahoga County_: _Big Creek,
Brookside Park_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Dover_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Rocky River
Metr. Park_, 3 (Clev. MNH); _North Olmstead_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Erie Co._:
_Milan_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Mill Hollow, Vermilion River_, 1 (Clev. MNH).
_Lake Co._: Holden Arboretum, 3 (Clev. MNH). _Meigs Co._: Portland
Station, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Seneca Co._: _Bettsville_, 4 (Clev. MNH); Old
Fort Seneca, 4 (Clev. MNH); _Corners_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Wayne Co._:
_Wooster_, 1 (UM); _Craighton_, 1 (UM).
PENNSYLVANIA: _Beaver Co._: _1 mi. NE Darlington_, 1 (CM); _2 mi. E
Industry_, 1 (CM); _4 mi. E Frankfort_, 2 (CM). _Bedford Co._: _1 mi. NE
Osterburg_, 1 (CM). _Berks Co._: _2 mi. W Strausstown_, 1 (USNM).
_Bradford Co._: _2-1/2 mi. NNW Wyalusing_, 2 (CM). _Bucks Co._: 2 mi. N
New Britain, 1 (CM). _Butler Co._: _Thorn Creek, 4 mi. S Butler_, 4
(CM); _2 mi. E Middle Lancaster_, 1 (CM); _Orphans Home, 2 mi. E Mars_,
2 (CM). _Cambria Co._: _2-1/2 mi. S Patton, 1750 ft._, 1 (CM); _5-1/2
mi. NE Ebensburg_, 1 (CM). _Centre Co._: 2, mi. E Snowshoe, 2 (CM).
_Chester Co._: _2 mi. S West Chester_, 1 (CM). _Clinton Co._: _Tamarack,
9 mi. NNW Renovo_, 1 (CM). _Crawford Co._: _Pymatuning Lake_, 3 (Clev.
MNH). _Erie Co._: _4-1/2 mi. SW_ [town of] _North East_; 2 (CM); _East
Springfield_, 1 (CM). _Fulton Co._: _1-1/2 mi. NE Warfordsburg, 580
ft._, 1 (CM). _Huntington Co._: _6-1/2 mi. S Shade Gap_, 2 (CM).
_Indiana Co._: _1/2 mi. E Indiana, 1320 ft._, 2 (CM). _Lebanon Co._:
_1-1/2 mi. SE Cornwall, 800 ft._, 1 (CM). _Mercer Co._: _2-1/2 mi. W
Mercer_, 2 (CM); _5 mi. S Mercer_, 1 (CM). _Monroe Co._: _Pocene Lake_,
1(CM). _Pike Co._: _Bruce Lake_, 1 (CM). _Potter Co._: _Woodcock Run,
7-1/2 mi. WSW Ulysses_, 2 (CM). _Sommerset County_: _4 mi. SW Somerset,
2100 ft._, 2 (CM); _New Lexington_, 1 (USBS). _Susquehanna Co._: 10 mi.
NNW Montrose, 1 (CM). _Union Co._: _Glen Iron_, 2 (CM). _Warren Co._:
Bensons Swamp, 5 mi. E Columbus, 1 (USNM); _Miles Run, 5 mi. NW
Pittsfield_, 1 (CM); _1-1/2 mi. N Pittsfield_, 1 (CM); _2-1/2 mi. N
Kinzua_, 2 (CM); _2 mi. N Kinzua_, 1 (CM).
TENNESSEE: _Carter Co._: 3 mi. SSW Roan Mountain (town), 2900 ft., 1
(UM).
VIRGINIA: _Amelia Co._: Amelia, 1 (UM). _Elizabeth City County_: Near
Hampton, 2 (UM). _Fairfax County_: Fall Church, 4 (2 USNM; 2 USBS);
_opposite Plummers Island, Maryland_, 1 (USNM). _Highland Co._: Laurel
Park, 9 mi. NNW Monterey, 3100 ft., 4 (UM). _Nelson Co._: _no exact
locality_, 5 (USNM). _Norfolk County_: _Deep Creek_, 1 (USBS). _Page
Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (USNM). _Smyth Co._: _Sugar Grove_, 1 (UM);
_1/2 mi. E Konnarock, 2800 ft._, 1 (UM). _Washington Co._: Konnarock,
2900 ft., 1 (UM).
WASHINGTON D. C.: _Chevy Chase_, 1 (USBS); _no exact locality_, 4 (3
USNM; 1 USBS).
WEST VIRGINIA: _Monongalia Co._: Morgantown, 6.
_Marginal records._--Michigan: Douglas Lake; Bloomfield. New York: E
Aurora; Peterboro; Catskills. Connecticut: Sharon; South Woodstock.
Massachusetts: Middleboro. New Jersey: Tuckerton. Maryland: Assateague,
5 mi. S Ocean City. North Carolina: Raleigh. Georgia: Athens. Indiana:
Mineral Springs. Michigan: 9 mi. N Ludington.
=Zapus hudsonius campestris= Preble
_Zapus hudsonius campestris_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:20, August
8, 1899.
_Type._--Male, adult, No. 65872 U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.; Bear
Lodge Mt's [Crook County], Wyoming; obtained on June 21, 1894, by B. H.
Dutcher, original No. 600.
_Range._--Southeastern Montana, southwestern South Dakota, and
northeastern Wyoming. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Transition.
_Description._--Size large; back from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near
Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of black tipped hair forming distinct
dorsal band; sides lighter than back, from near Ochraceous-Buff to near
Yellow Ocher with black hair interspersed; lateral line usually
distinct, of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, usually with moderate
suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black
above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged with
Ochraceous-Buff; feet grayish-white above; auditory bullae large, well
inflated; incisive foramina long and usually truncate at posterior
border; pterygoid fossae broad; zygomata relatively wide-spread and
long; large medial projection on inferior ramus of zygomatic process of
maxillary; condylobasal length and occipitonasal length relatively
great; mastoid region and palatal region relatively broad; interparietal
bone usually broad.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_, _Z. h. campestris_
differs as follows: Coloration darker (more black and yellow but less
orange); averaging larger in all measurements taken except in least
interorbital constriction and distance from incisors to postpalatal
notch which are slightly larger and breadth across zygomatic arches
which is same; zygomatic arch heavier; incisive foramina larger;
interparietal bone broader.
Compared with _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, _Z. h. campestris_ differs
as follows: Coloration more tawny and ochraceous, less yellow; auditory
bullae averaging larger, more inflated; condylobasal length averaging
greater; zygomata averaging more wide-spread and longer; distance from
incisors to postpalatal notch averaging longer; mastoid region broader;
incisive foramina longer and more truncate posteriorly.
From _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, _Z. h. campestris_ differs as follows:
Size larger; color lighter, more ochraceous, less tawny; occipitonasal
length averaging greater; mastoid region broader; zygomata averaging
longer; zygomatic arch more widely bowed; distance from incisors to
postpalatal notch averaging longer; incisive foramina longer; auditory
bullae broader, more inflated.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius preblei_ see account of that
subspecies.
_Remarks._--Animals from the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming are
thought of as most characteristic of this geographic race.
Intergradation is noted with _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ and is discussed
in the account of that subspecies.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 66, distributed as follows:
MONTANA: _Big Horn County_: Rotten Grass Creek, north base Big Horn
Mts., 2 (USBS); _Little Big Horn River, 2 mi. from Wyoming line_, 1
(USBS).
SOUTH DAKOTA: _Custer County_: _Custer_, 3 (USNM); Bull Springs, 6
(Clev. MNH); _Beaver Creek, Wind Cave Nat'l Park_, 1 (UM); Wind Cave
Nat'l Park Game Ranch, Cold Spring Creek, Wind Cave Nat'l Park, 2 (UM);
_Pennington County_: _Rapid Creek, 2 mi. W Pactola, 4800 ft._, 3 (UM);
Castle Creek, R. 2E, T. 1N, 6500 ft., 3 (UM); Nelsons Place, 3 mi. SE
Hill City, 6 (UM); _Palmer Gulch, 4 mi. SE Hill City_, 3 (UM); _Palmer
Gulch_, 9 (FM); _no definite locality_, 4 (UM).
WYOMING: _Crook County_: Devils Tower, flood plain Belle Fourche River,
3350 ft., 1 (USBS); Bear Lodge Mts., 4 (USBS); _15 mi. N Sundance, Black
Hills Nat'l Forest, 5500 ft._, 2; _3 mi. NW Sundance, 5900 ft._, 17;
_Sundance_, 2 (USBS). _Weston Co._: 1-1/2 mi. E Buckhorn, 6150 ft., 5.
_Marginal records._--Montana: Rotten Grass Creek, N base Big Horn Mts.
South Dakota: Nelsons Place, 3 mi. SE Hill City; Wind Cave Nat'l Park
Game Ranch, Cold Spring Creek. Wyoming: 1-1/2 mi. E Buckhorn, 6150 ft.
=Zapus hudsonius canadensis= (Davies)
_Dipus canadensis_ Davies, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 4:157, 1798.
_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:17, August
8, 1899 (part--the part from Ontario).
_Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool.
Club, 1:5, February 8, 1899 (part--the part from Quebec); Anderson,
Rept. Provancher Soc. Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1941:35-37, July 14, 1942
(part--the part from Quebec excepting the Gaspé Peninsula).
_Zapus hudsonius ontarioensis_ Anderson, Ann. Rept. Provancher Soc.
Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1942:59, September 7, 1943, type from Pancake
Bay (Batchawana Bay) southeast end of Lake Superior, Algoma
District, about 40 miles northeast of Sault Ste-Marie, Ontario.
_Type._--No type specimen designated, subspecies characterized on the
basis of two specimens obtained by Major General Thomas Davies within a
few miles of the city of Quebec.
_Range._--Eastern Ontario and western Quebec from Hudson Bay southward
to the Great Lakes and into northwestern New York. See fig. 47. Zonal
range: Transition and Canadian.
_Description._--Size medium; back from near Clay Color to near
Cinnamon-Buff with admixture of black hair usually forming a dorsal
band; sides from near Clay Color to near Cinnamon-Buff and lighter than
back; lateral line usually distinct, and clear Cinnamon-Buff; belly
white, sometimes with slight suffusion of Cinnamon-Buff mid-ventrally;
tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, grayish-white to
yellowish-white below; ears dark, sometimes flecked with color of the
sides, edged with Cinnamon-Buff; feet grayish-white above; auditory
bullae large, relatively broad and flat; incisive foramina relatively
short and narrow, widest posteriorly; zygomata not widely bowed outward;
mastoid region relatively wide; frontal region well inflated; nasals
relatively narrow, short, and parallel sided.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, _Z. h. canadensis_
differs as follows: Upper parts generally dull averaging lighter, less
black tipped hair; sides also lighter with less suffusion of dark hair;
frontal region more inflated; mastoid region averaging broader; auditory
bullae broader; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging
slightly longer.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_, _Zapus hudsonius ladas_,
and _Zapus hudsonius americanus_ see accounts of those subspecies.
_Remarks._--Bole and Moulthrop (1942:165) refer 2 specimens from Elba,
New York, to _Z. h. hardyi_ (= _acadicus_); they are more nearly like
_Z. h. canadensis_ in size and shape of the auditory bullae and general
color of the pelage. A specimen from Spectacle Pond, New York, has the
narrow pterygoid fossae and relatively narrow auditory bullae of _Z. h.
acadicus_ and the relatively short, narrow incisive foramina, inflated
frontal region, and color of _Z. h. canadensis_ to which the specimen is
here referred. Intergradation is noted also in animals from Schreiber,
Ontario. They resemble _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ in their darker
coloration and shape of auditory bullae but in the remainder of the
characters studied resemble _Z. h. canadensis_ to which they are
referred. Specimens from Notre Dame de la Dore and 1/2 mi. N Mistassini
Post, Quebec, in size and shape of the auditory bullae and in width of
the pterygoid fossae, closely approach _Z. h. ladas_ but in color,
distinct dorsal band, and in narrower zygomata are all nearest _Z. h.
canadensis_ to which subspecies they are here referred.
_Zapus hudsonius ontarioensis_ Anderson (1942:59) from eastern Ontario
was based chiefly, in comparison with _Z. h. canadensis_, upon, "dorsal
stripe less distinct and sides somewhat duller yellowish with more
admixture of blackish hairs." Examination of 68 of the 69 specimens from
the type locality shows that 58 are subadult and in subadult pelage.
Individuals which are adult are indistinguishable in color of pelage and
in cranial features from comparable material from southern Quebec. _Z.
h. ontarioensis_ is, therefore, considered to be a synonym of _Z. h.
canadensis_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 123, distributed as follows:
NEW YORK: _Franklin Co._: Spectacle Pond, Brighton Township, 2 (AMNH).
_Genesee Co._: Elba, 2 (Clev. MNH).
ONTARIO: Schreiber, 2 (NMC); Franz, 5 (MVZ); Pancake Bay, Algoma
District, 68 (NMC); Maclennan, Algoma District, 3 (ROM); Cache Lake,
Algonquin Park, 1 (MVZ); _Experimental Farm, Ottawa_, 1 (NMC); _Dows
Swamp, Ottawa_, 1 (NMC); Apple Hill, 1 (NMC); Clear Lake, Arden, 1
(NMC); _Athens_, 1 (NMC); _Aurora_, 4 (Clev. MNH); Pattageville,
Toronto, 1; _Lorne Park, Toronto_, 1 (NMC); _Credit_, 2 (NMC);
Pickering, 1 (MVZ); _Preston_, 1 (NMC); St. Thomas, 1 (NMC).
QUEBEC: _Notre Dame de la Dore_, 3 (NMC); 1/2 mi. N Mistassini Post, 1
(NMC); Lake Albanel, 1 (NMC); St. Felicien, 3 (NMC); Valcartier, 8
(NMC); Kiamika Lake, 4 (NMC); _Ste. Veronique_, 2 (NMC); _Val Jalbert_,
2 (NMC); _St. Methode_, 1 (NMC).
_Marginal records._--Quebec: 1/2 mi. N Mistassini Post; Valcartier. New
York: Spectacle Pond, Brighton Township; Elba. Ontario: St. Thomas;
Pancake Bay, Algoma Dist.; Franz; Schreiber. Quebec: Kiamika Lake.
=Zapus hudsonius hudsonius= (Zimmerman)
_Dipus hudsonius_ Zimmerman, Geog. Geschichte d Menschen u.
vierfussigen Thiere, 2:358, 1780.
_Dipus labradorius_ Kerr, Animal Kingdom:276 (based on the Labrador
Jerboid Rat of Pennant, 1781--but Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:11,
August 8, 1899, states that the specimen came from Hudson Bay),
1792.
_Gerbillus canadensis_, Desmarest, Mammalogie, 2:321, 1822.
_Gerbillus labradorius_, Harlan, Fauna Amer., p. 157, 1825.
_Meriones labradorius_, Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 1:144,
1829.
_Jaculus labradorius_ Wagner, Suppl. Schreber's Saugthiere, 3:294,
1843.
_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:15, August
8, 1899 (part--the part from Northwest Territory, Ontario,
Michigan, northern Wisconsin and northern Minnesota).
_Zapus hudsonius alascensis_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 19:38,
October 6, 1900.
_Type._--Type specimen not known to be in existence; from Hudson Bay,
locality now considered to be Fort Severn, Ontario (see Anderson,
1942:37).
_Range._--Central Alaska southeastward to central Ontario, northern
Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and upper peninsula of Michigan. See fig.
47. Zonal range: Hudsonian, Canadian, and into Transition.
_Description._--Size medium; back dark, from near Tawny-Olive to near
Cinnamon with heavy admixture of black hair forming dorsal band; sides
lighter than back and from near Tawny-Olive to near Cinnamon, sometimes
with admixture of black hair giving sides streaked appearance; lateral
line usually distinct, clear Ochraceous-Buff; underparts white,
sometimes with slight suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored,
brown to brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below;
ears dark, usually edged with ochraceous; feet grayish-white above;
incisive foramina relatively short and broadly rounded; zygomata
relatively short; braincase relatively broad; auditory bullae flat,
long, and relatively broad; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow; nasals
relatively broad and short.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_, _Z. h. hudsonius_
differs as follows: upper parts generally darker, more black tipped
hair; sides darker with greater suffusion of dark hair; lateral line
brighter, more distinct; size averaging smaller; zygomatic arches less
bowed outward; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch shorter;
zygomata shorter; occipitonasal length less; mastoid region narrower.
From _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, _Z. h. hudsonius_ differs in: color
darker, more tawny dorsally; sides averaging darker, more black-tipped
hairs; size averaging larger; braincase averaging broader; distance from
incisors to postpalatal notch averaging slightly shorter; zygomata
averaging longer; mastoid region averaging broader; incisive foramina
averaging shorter.
From _Zapus hudsonius tenellus_, _Z. h. hudsonius_ differs as follows:
upper parts averaging darker; tail averaging shorter; condylobasal
length averaging more; braincase averaging broader; auditory bullae
broader and less inflated; interparietal averaging broader; incisive
foramina more broadly rounded and averaging longer.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_ and _Zapus hudsonius
campestris_ see accounts of those subspecies.
_Remarks._--Preble (1899:16) had available for study five specimens of
_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ from Hudson Bay. Four were preserved in
alcohol and one as an incomplete skin (prepared from an alcoholic
specimen). All were unreliable for comparative purposes owing to the
effects of the preservative. Preble, therefore, (_loc. cit._) selected
as a fairly typical sample a series of specimens from Tower, St. Louis
County, Minnesota; these formed the basis of comparison between _Z. h.
hudsonius_ and other subspecies of _Zapus hudsonius_. Now that
additional material (well prepared skins and skulls) is available from
the Hudson Bay region and from other localities in northern and western
Canada it is evident that the specimens from Tower, although here
considered to be _Z. h. hudsonius_, are not typical _Z. h. hudsonius_
but are intergrades between _hudsonius_ and specimens of _Zapus
hudsonius intermedius_. Comparisons made in the present account are
based on specimens from the vicinity of Hudson Bay (Fort Severen,
Ontario, York Factory, Shamatawa River, and Robinson Portage, Manitoba).
These individuals are considered typical of this subspecies. With these
new data available the range of _Z. h. hudsonius_ is now understood to
include all of the region from eastern Alaska to the northern parts of
Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.