successive weeks is described by Quimby (1951:65). Newborn young are
pink and hairless except for microscopic vibrissae. The eyes and
external auditory meatus are closed, and the pinnae are folded. The toes
are fleshy and clawless; the tail is short in relation to the length of
the body. The average weight was .78 grams. The average measurements of
three from different litters are: total length, 34 mm; tail, 9.2 mm;
hind foot, 4.7 mm. The young are helpless but capable of emitting a high
pitched squeaking sound which is audible for several feet.
In the first week of growth the vibrissae become visible to the naked
eye, the body changes to flesh color, the dorsal parts become dark gray,
the pinna unfolds and is black tipped, and the claws appear. The young
now are able to crawl and make a suckling noise, but they are not yet
able to support themselves on their legs.
In the second week of development, tawny yellow hair appears on the back
and spreads onto the sides. Sparse hair of a lighter color appears on
the belly, backs of the feet, and outer surfaces of the legs. Vibrissae
are now prominent. The eyes are still closed, but a crack down the
center of each is visible by the 13th day. Claws have grown, the longest
measuring 1.5 mm. The incisors erupt on approximately the 13th day,
those in the lower jaw appearing slightly before those in the upper jaw,
and all are white. Activity is increased; nevertheless the young still
crawl, make suckling notes, and squeak.
In the third week of development the mice are covered with hair; darker
hair appears dorsally; and vibrissae continue rapid growth. The external
auditory meatus begins to open on about the 19th day and young react to
sound on the 20th. The incisors now are 1 mm long and the claws 1.5 mm
long. Young are able to support themselves on their legs, walk, and make
one inch hops.
In the fourth week the juvenal pelage is replaced by adult pelage. The
eyes open between the 22nd and 25th days. The color of the incisors
changes from white to yellowish-orange as in the adults. P^4, M^1, M^2,
m1 and m2 have emerged from the maxillary and dentary bones; M^3 and m3
have not yet erupted. A mouse 33 days old had all teeth well developed.
By the end of the 4th week the young, except for size, are adultlike and
capable of independent existence.
The greatest increase in dimensions of the body is in the first four
weeks. A slowing down of growth is simultaneous with weaning.
Other workers, Sheldon (1938:330), Petrides (1948:76), and Ivor (1934:8)
also describe the appearance of the young.
Summer nesting sites are usually on the surface of the ground. Jumping
mice characteristically construct a globular nest of grass but will
utilize other vegetation if grasses are not available. Nests are usually
concealed under rocks, logs, bushes, or grass and can be entered by a
hole at one side.
Sheldon (1938:328) described a nest of _Z. hudsonius_ found on the
ground near the edge of a small hay field. The nest was globular, not
more than four inches in outside diameter and two inches in inside
diameter; it was closely woven of fine, dry grass and bits of moss.
Another nest found in the same field measured 11.5 inches in
circumference at the base and six inches in circumference over the top.
The inside width and length each was three inches, and the inside height
was 3.5 inches. Vernon Bailey (1927:118) remarks that summer nests are
placed on the surface of the ground well concealed under grass or other
vegetation. He describes the nest as "neat little balls of fine grass
with a tiny opening at one side and a soft lining in the central
chamber." Cory (1912:249) reports that summer nests are concealed behind
rocks or under bushes and thick grass. The nests are round and four or
five inches in diameter with an entrance hole at one side. Goodwin
(1935:148) examined a nest made entirely of straight, narrow leaves of
grass. Ivor (1934:8) found one made of finely shredded jute sacking.
Quimby (1951:80) describes several nests: one in the center of a rotten
willow log was lined with small pieces of pulpy wood; another was in the
rotted wood and debris, at ground level, inside a large, red oak (this
globular nest composed of grasses, plant fibers, and rootlets measured
six inches in diameter). Another nest was composed of a pile of wood
pulp, leaves of oaks, and grasses; this nest was in a hollow root
detached from a willow tree.
The mean home range of males, of _Z. hudsonius_ in Minnesota, according
to Quimby (1951:86), was 2.70 plus or minus .50 acres; this was
significantly larger than the mean home range of females, 1.57 plus or
minus .27 acres. According to Quimby (_loc. cit._), the size and shape
of the home range is influenced by the general features of the terrain,
density and type of cover, and land use in the immediate area. Quimby
(1951:94) remarked that the home range of the jumping mouse is
relatively unstable and Blair (1940:247) stated that the home ranges of
both sexes generally overlapped the ranges of other members of the same
species and sex. The average size of the home range for _Z. hudsonius_
in Michigan was .89 plus or minus .11 acres for males and .92 plus or
minus .11 acres for females.
=Zapus hudsonius acadicus= (Dawson)
_Meriones acadicus_ Dawson, Edinburgh New Philos. Jour., new ser.,
3:2, 1856.
_Meriones labradorius_, Dawson, Edinburgh New Philos. Jour., new
ser., 3:2, 1856.
_Jaculus hudsonius_, Baird, Rept. Expl. and Surv...., 8
(pt. 1):433, July 14, 1858 (part--the part from Nova Scotia,
Vermont, and New York).
_Zapus hudsonius_, Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. surv. of the
territories, 2nd ser., No. 5:260, 1877 (part--the part from Nova
Scotia, Vermont, and New York); Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:17,
August 8, 1899 (part--the part from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia,
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and northeastern
New York).
_Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool.
Club, 1:5, February 8, 1899 (part--the part from Keene Valley in
Essex County of New York, and Orivell in Vermont); Anderson, Ann.
Rept. Provancher Soc. Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1941:35-37, July 14, 1942
(part--the part from the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec, New
Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York).
_Zapus hudsonius hardyi_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool. Club,
1:6, February 8, 1899, type from Mt. Desert Island, Hancock County,
Maine; Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist.,
5:165, September 11, 1947 (part--but excluding Pennsylvania and
Ohio).
_Zapus hudsonius acadicus_, Anderson, Ann. Rept. Provancher Soc.
Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1941:38, July 14, 1942.
_Type._--No type specimen designated. Subspecies characterized from
specimens obtained in Nova Scotia.
_Range._--Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince
Edward Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, northern
Connecticut and northeastern New York. See fig. 47. Zonal range:
Transition and Canadian.
_Description._--Size medium; back from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near
Yellow-Ocher with heavy admixture of black-tipped hair, the dorsal band
distinct against color of sides; sides lighter than back and from near
Cinnamon-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff lined with black-tipped hair;
lateral line usually faintly marked but sometimes distinct and clear
Warm-Buff; underparts white, sometimes suffused with color of sides;
tail distinctly bicolored, brownish-black above and yellowish-white to
grayish-white below; ears dark, edged with color of sides; feet
grayish-white above; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow; zygomata
relatively long and broad; auditory bullae relatively narrow, usually
with depression on anterior surface; mastoid region relatively narrow;
inferior arm of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively narrow.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, _Z. h. acadicus_
differs in: Size averaging larger; upper parts usually less brownish and
more ochraceous, sides and flanks being more ochraceous and less
yellowish; zygomata relatively longer; pterygoid fossae relatively
narrower; auditory bullae relatively narrower and usually with
depression on anterior surface.
From _Zapus hudsonius americanus_, _Z. h. acadicus_ differs as follows:
Size larger; color darker on upper parts, flanks duller (less
ochraceous); underparts white, much less frequently suffused with color
of sides; ears dark, usually without flecks of ochraceous; general
appearance of pelage not so brightly colored; zygomata longer;
condylobasal length greater; mastoid region relatively broader; bullae
larger, more inflated and usually with depression on anterior surface;
maxillary tooth-row relatively longer.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius ladas_ see account of that
subspecies.
_Remarks._--Specimens from various localities in Nova Scotia, Prince
Edward Island and New Brunswick are essentially similar. Anderson
(1942:38) revived the name _Z. h. acadicus_ for jumping mice from these
areas, correctly considering them to be distinct from _Z. h.
canadensis_, the geographic race immediately to the west.
In the size and shape of the auditory bullae, length of the zygomata,
breadth of the pterygoid fossae, and general color of the pelage the
populations from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are essentially
indistinguishable from material of _Zapus hudsonius hardyi_ from Maine.
Thus, _Z. h. hardyi_ must fall as a synonym of the earlier proposed name
_Z. h. acadicus_.
Bole and Moulthrop (1942:165) applied the name _Z. h. hardyi_ (=
_acadicus_) to the mice inhabiting a large area from coastal Maine and
central New Hampshire through southern New England, New York,
northwestern Pennsylvania, and northeastern Ohio. I agree with Bole and
Moulthrop (_loc. cit._) that the population of _Zapus hudsonius_ from
Maine, New Hampshire, west-central and northern New England are
different from neighboring subspecies and are referable to _Z. h.
acadicus_, but find that material from extreme southern Massachusetts,
Connecticut, southern New York, northwestern Pennsylvania, and
northeastern Ohio is best referred to _Zapus hudsonius americanus_ (see
account of that subspecies).
Intergradation between _Z. h. americanus_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ is
indicated by specimens from Berlin, Rensselaer County, New York. In
color of ears, length of zygomata, and size and shape of the incisive
foramina these specimens are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ but in
size and shape of the auditory bullae, breadth of the mastoid region,
and general appearance of the pelage they are more nearly like _Z. h.
acadicus_ and are here referred to _acadicus_. Specimens from Glenville,
Schenectady County, New York, are intermediate in cranial characters
between _Z. h. americanus_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ but in color are best
referred to the latter. Specimens from 1 mi. S Ayer, Worchester County,
Massachusetts, are like _Z. h. americanus_ in their short zygomata,
narrow mastoid region and suffusion of the underparts; nevertheless, in
the shape of the auditory bullae, breadth of the pterygoid fossae, and
greater condylobasal length the specimens are more nearly like _Z. h.
acadicus_ which they are here considered to be. Animals from Essex and
Wilmington, Essex County, Massachusetts, are like _Z. h. americanus_ in
external size and in the size and shape of the auditory bullae; but they
are more nearly like _Z. h. acadicus_ in most cranial characters and in
the general color of the pelage and are here assigned to _Z. h.
acadicus_.
Specimens from Keene Valley, Essex County, New York, considered by
Batchelder (1899:4) to be _Z. h. canadensis_, are in color, length of
the zygomata, and size and shape of the auditory bullae more nearly like
_Z. h. acadicus_ to which subspecies they are here assigned. A specimen
from Orwell, Addison County, Vermont, that Batchelder (_op. cit._:5)
referred to _Z. h. canadensis_ is more nearly like _Z. h. acadicus_ in
the shape of the auditory bullae, length of the zygomata, and color of
the pelage, and is here referred to _Z. h. acadicus_. Specimens from
western New Brunswick, referred to _Z. h. canadensis_ by Anderson
(1942:37), are more nearly like _Z. h. acadicus_. Specimens from Ste.
Anne des Monts, Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec, are intermediate between _Z. h.
canadensis_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ in color and size and also in the shape
of the auditory bullae but are best referred to _Z. h. acadicus_.
_Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ as here understood is a relatively
wide-ranging subspecies. Populations at the southern periphery of its
range are difficult to separate from populations at the northern
periphery of the range of _Z. h. americanus_. These two geographic races
represent opposite extremes of a clinal gradient and, as would be
expected, geographic intermediates are morphologically similar.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 156, distributed as follows:
MAINE: _Aroostock County_: _Madawaska_, 6 (MCZ). _Hancock County_:
_Mount Desert Island_, 9 (6 MCZ, 3 UM). _Piscataquis County_: _Mount
Katahdin_, 1 (USNM); Sebec Lake, 4 (USBS); _Katahdin Lake_, 1 (USBS).
_Sagadahoc Co._: Small Point Beach, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Somerset County_:
east branch Penobscot River, 2 (USBS). _Washington County_: Columbia
Falls, 1 (USBS).
MASSACHUSETTS: _Essex County_: _Essex_, 4 (Clev. MNH); Wilmington, 4 (3
USBS, 1 USNM). _Worchester County_: _Lunenberg_, 2 (USBS); _1 mi. S
Ayer_, 2 (MVZ); 2 mi. N Gilbertville, 1.
NEW BRUNSWICK: _Charlotte County_: _6 mi. N St. Andrews_, 2 (NMC); 5 mi.
N St. Andrews, 4 (NMC). _Carleton County_: _Debec_, 1 (MVZ). _Gloucester
County_: Dalhousie, 2 (MVZ); _Miramichi Road, 15 mi. from Bathurst_, 4
(NMC); _Youghall_, 3 (NMC). _Madawaska County_: Baker Lake, 2 (NMC); _9
mi. NE Edmundston_, 4 (NMC); 5 mi. N St. Leonard, 5 (NMC). _Victoria
Co._: _Tobique Point_, 1 (AMNH). _York County_: _Queensbury_, 1 (USBS).
NEW HAMPSHIRE: _Carroll County_: _Intervale_, 1 (UM); _Ossipee_, 4 (3
USBS); _2 mi. S Ossipee_, 12 (2 USNM). _Coos County_: _Nathan Pond_, 1
(UM); Fabyans-Bretton Woods, Dartmouth Brook, 2 (UM); _Fabyans_, 1
(USNM); _3 mi. W Base Station_, 1; _Mt. Washington_, 1 (MVZ); _Pinkham
Notch, 1900 ft._, 1 (USNM). _Grafton County_: _Franconia Notch, Profile
Lake_, 1 (UM); Lebanon, 3 (UM). _Strafford Co._: _1 mi. E Durham_, 1
(UM).
NEW YORK: _Essex Co._: Keene Valley, 5 (MCZ); _Keene Heights_, 5 (MCZ);
_Minerva, 1700 ft._, 1 (AMNH). _Herkimer County_: Northwood, 7 (AMNH).
_Rensselaer Co._: Berlin, 8 (AMNH). _Schenectady County_: _Glenville_, 1
(USBS). _Warren County_: _Lake George_, 5 (USBS). _Washington County_:
_Patterns Mills_, 1 (USBS).
NOVA SCOTIA: _Annapolis Co._: Bear River, 7 (NMC); _Lake Kedgemakooge_,
5 (UM); 2 mi. S Milford, 1 (AMNH). _Kings Co._: Black River Dist., 1
(NMC); _no exact locality_, 1 (NMC). _Shelburne County_: Doctors Cove, N
Barrington Passage, 1 (NMC); _Barrington Passage_, 4 (NMC).
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: no exact locality, 1 (USBS).
QUEBEC: Ste. Anne des Monts, 1 (AMNH).
VERMONT: _Addison County_: Orwell, 1 (MCZ); _Lamville County_: Mt.
Mansfield, 2 (USBS). _Windham County_: _Whitingham_, 2 (AMNH).
_Marginal records._--Quebec: Ste. Anne des Monts. New Brunswick:
Dalhousie. Prince Edward Island. Nova Scotia: Black River District;
Doctors Cove, N Barrington Passage. Maine: Columbia Falls; Small Point
Beach. Massachusetts: Wilmington; 2 mi. N Gilbertville. New York:
Berlin; North Wood; Keene Valley. Maine: E branch Penobscot River. New
Brunswick: Baker Lake.
=Zapus hudsonius alascensis= Merriam
_Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
2:223, July 15, 1897.
_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 24:37,
November 23, 1904.
_Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 73584, U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol.
Surv. Coll.; Yakutat Bay, Alaska; obtained on July 5, 1895, by Clark P.
Streator, original No. 4660.
_Range._--Alaska Peninsula, coastal section of mainland of southern and
southeastern Alaska including Revillagigedo Island; also southwestern
Yukon. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Canadian and Hudsonian.
_Description._--Size large; back from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near
Dresden Brown, sometimes darkened with black tipped hair usually with
darker mid-dorsal area forming a band; sides lighter than back and from
near Ochraceous-Tawny to near Clay Color; lateral line usually distinct,
of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, frequently with a slight
suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black
above, white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged and flecked on
the inner surface with color of sides; feet grayish-white above;
auditory bullae broad and moderately inflated; pterygoid fossae
relatively broad; incisive foramina relatively long, zygomata relatively
long and broadly bowed; mastoid region relatively broad; distance from
incisors to postpalatal notch relatively great; occipitonasal length
relatively great.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius tenellus_, _Z. h. alascensis_
differs as follows: Size larger; upper parts darker, less ochraceous;
sides duller, less ochraceous more tawny; incisive foramina averaging
longer; mastoid region broader; occipitonasal length greater; zygomata
wider-spreading and longer; condylobasal length averaging greater;
auditory bullae less broadly rounded; and distance from incisors to
postpalatal notch averaging greater.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ see account of that
subspecies.
_Remarks._--_Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ is a fairly well marked
subspecies retaining most of its characters throughout its range.
Variation is noted in specimens from the southwest end of Dezadeash
Lake, 2400 ft., Yukon Territory, and seems to be the result of
intergradation between _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ and _Z. h.
alascensis_. These animals are like _Z. h. hudsonius_ in the shape of
the auditory bullae but are otherwise more nearly like _Z. h.
alascensis_ to which they are here assigned. Alaskan specimens from 7
mi. SSE Haines, and from a point 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines average
slightly larger than _Z. h. alascensis_ in most measurements taken;
however, in coloration they more nearly agree with _Z. h. alascensis_
than with _Z. h. hudsonius_ or _Z. h. tenellus_ the geographic ranges of
which adjoin that of _Z. h. alascensis_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 56, distributed as follows:
ALASKA: Cook Inlet, Tyonek, 1 (USBS); head Chalitna River, 2 (USBS);
Lake Clark, 4 (USBS); east side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4
mi. N Haines, 8; Yakutat, 3 (USBS); Lake Iliamma, 1 (USBS); Lake
Aleknagik, 1 (USBS); _Kokwok_, 1 (USBS); _Nushagak River_, 3 (USBS);
_Chilkat Peninsula, 10 ft., 7 mi. SSE Haines_, 18; Nushagak, 3 (USBS);
Chignik Bay, 1 (USBS); Portage Cove, Revillagigedo, 1 (MVZ); _Izembek
Bay_, 1 (USBS); Frosty Peak, 1 (USBS).
BRITISH COLUMBIA: _west end Kelsall Lake, 2900 ft._, 1; Stonehouse
Creek, 5-1/2 mi. W junction Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4.
YUKON: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2400 ft., 2.
_Marginal records._--Alaska: Lake Aleknagik; head Chalitna River. Yukon:
SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2400 ft. Alaska: E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9
mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines; Portage Cove, Revillagigedo Island; Yakutat;
Cook Inlet, Tyonek; Chignik Bay; Frosty Peak.
=Zapus hudsonius americanus= (Barton)
_Dipus americanus_ Barton, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 4:115, 1799.
_Jaculus americanus_ Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, 23, 1830.
_Meriones microcephalus_ Harlan, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1,
1839, based on two specimens from "the farm of Mr. Beck, in
Philadelphia County, a few miles northeast of the city [=
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]."
_Jaculus hudsonius_, Baird, Repts. Expl. and Surv. 111, 8 (pt. 1):
433, July 14, 1858 (part--the part from Massachusetts, Connecticut,
New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania).
_Zapus hudsonius_, Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the
territories, 2nd ser. No. 5:260, 1877 (part--the part from
Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Pennsylvania); Preble,
N. Amer. Fauna, 15:17, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from
Peterboro and Waterville, New York, southeastern Massachusetts,
Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland,
North Carolina, and Ohio).
_Zapus hudsonius americanus_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool.
Club, 1:6, February 8, 1899; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:19,
August 8, 1899.
_Zapus hudsonius hardyi_, Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:165, September 11, 1942 (part--the part from
New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania).
_Zapus hudsonius brevipes_ Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland
Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:168, September 11, 1942, type from Bettsville,
Seneca County, Ohio.
_Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_ Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ.
Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:169, September 11, 1942 (part--the
part from southeastern Ohio), type from Cat Run, extreme
southeastern Belmont County, Ohio.
_Type._--No type specimen designated. _Dipus americanus_ was
characterized from jumping mice obtained by Barton near the Schuylkill
River, a few miles from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
_Range._--Southeastern United States and lower peninsula of Michigan;
east of central Indiana; from central New York and Massachusetts
southward to northern Georgia. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Austroriparian
(Lower Austral), Carolinian (Upper Austral), Alleghanian (Transition),
and Canadian.
_Description._--Size small; back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near
Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of black-tipped hair forming distinct
dorsal band; sides bright, lighter than back from near Light
Ochraceous-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff; lateral line usually distinct
and of color of sides; underparts white, sometimes with slight suffusion
of color of sides; tail bicolored, brown to brownish-black above,
yellowish-white to grayish-white below; ears narrowly edged and heavily
flecked with color of sides; feet white to grayish-white above; skull
short; braincase relatively narrow; incisive foramina relatively broad;
skull relatively narrow across zygomata; interorbital region relatively
broad; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch relatively short;
auditory bullae relatively small.
_Comparisons._--Compared with _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, _Z. h.
americanus_ differs as follows: Smaller; paler (in a sense brighter
because more ochraceous and less tawny); skull smaller; auditory bullae
narrower, less inflated; incisive foramina relatively more bowed;
condylobasal length averaging less.
From _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, _Z. h. americanus_ differs as
follows: Smaller; color brighter, more ochraceous, less yellow;
braincase relatively narrower; auditory bullae usually smaller; incisive
foramina broader; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary
usually with median projection; interorbital region averaging broader.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ see account of that
subspecies.
_Remarks._--Intergradation with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ occurs in
southeastern New York as indicated by a series of 25 specimens from
Peterboro. They resemble _Z. h. acadicus_ in width of the mastoid
region and relatively longer tooth-row, but in the size and shape of the
auditory bullae, width of the pterygoid fossae, and lighter, brighter,
color of the sides they are more nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ to which
they are here referred.
Intergradation between _Z. h. americanus_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ is
indicated also by specimens from Lawyersville and Schoharie, New York.
In animals from both localities the length of the zygomata and the
breadth of the mastoid region are more nearly as in _Z. h. acadicus_,
but in size and shape of the auditory bullae, over-all length of the
skull, color of the ears, and general color of the pelage they are more
nearly like _Z. h. americanus_ to which they are here referred.