_sq._
Juok, the supreme god and creator of the Shilluks, ii. 165
Jupiter, the husband of Juno, ii. 231;
the father of Fortuna Primigenia, 234
Jupiter and Juturna, ii. 235 _n._ 6
—— Dolichenus, i. 136
Justice and Injustice in Aristophanes, i. 209
Justin Martyr on the resemblances of paganism to Christianity, i. 302 _n._
4
Juturna in Roman mythology, ii. 235 _n._ 6
Kabyles, marriage custom of the, to ensure the birth of a boy, ii. 262
Kadesh, a Semitic goddess, i. 137 _n._ 2
Kai of German New Guinea, their belief in conception without sexual
intercourse, i. 96 _sq._
Kaikolans, a Tamil caste, i. 62
Kaitish of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 99
Kalat el Hosn, in Syria, i. 78
_Kalids_, _kaliths_, deities in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204 _n._ 4, 207
Kalunga, the supreme god of the Ovambo, ii. 188
Kangra District, Punjaub, i. 94
Kantavu, a Fijian island, i. 201
Kanytelideis, in Cilicia, i. 158
Kara-Bel, in Lydia, Hittite sculpture at, i. 138 _n._, 185
Kariera tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of
children, i. 105
Karma-tree, ceremony of the Mundas over a, i. 240
Karo-Bataks, of Sumatra, their custom as to the first sheaf of rice at
harvest, ii. 239
Karok Indians of California, their lamentations at hewing sacred wood, ii.
47 _sq._
Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186, 187 _n._ 1
_Katikiro_, Baganda term for prime minister, ii. 168
Kayans, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 294 _sq._
Keadrol, a Toda clan, ii. 228
Keb (Geb or Seb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, i. 6, 283 _n._ 3
_Ḳedeshim_, sacred men, i. 38 _n._, 59, 72, 76, 107;
at Jerusalem, 17 _sq._;
in relation to prophets, 76
_Ḳedeshoth_, sacred women, i. 59, 72, 107
Kemosh, god of Moab, i. 15
Kennett, Professor R. H., on David and Goliath, i. 19 _n._ 2;
on Elisha in the wilderness, 53 _n._ 1;
on _ḳedeshim_, 73 _n._ 1;
on the sacrifice of first-born children at Jerusalem, ii. 219
Kent’s Hole, near Torquay, fossil bones in, i. 153
Keysser, Ch., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 96
_sq._
Khalij, old canal at Cairo, ii. 38
Khangars of the Central Provinces, India, bridegroom and his father
dressed as women at a marriage among the, ii. 261
Khasi tribes governed by kings, not queens, ii. 210
Khasis of Assam, their system of mother-kin, i. 46, ii. 202 _sq._;
goddesses predominate over gods in their religion, 203 _sq._;
rules as to the succession to the kingship among the, 210 _n._ 1
Khent, early king of Egypt, ii. 154;
his reign, 19 _sq._;
his tomb at Abydos, 19 _sqq._;
his tomb identified with that of Osiris, 20, 197
Khenti-Amenti, title of Osiris, ii. 87, 198 _n._ 2
Khoiak, festival of Osiris in the month of, ii. 86 _sqq._, 108 _sq._
Khyrim State, in Assam, i. 46;
governed by a High Priestess, ii. 203
Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, a dead man, ii. 197;
his personal relics preserved at Cambridge, 197
Kidd, Dudley, on the worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantus of
South Africa, ii. 177 _sqq._
King, J. E., on infant burial, i. 91 _n._ 3
King, a masker at Carnival called the, ii. 99
—— of Tyre, his walk on stones of fire, i. 114 _sq._;
of Uganda, his navel-string preserved and inspected every new moon, ii.
147 _sq._
Kings as priests, i. 42;
as lovers of a goddess, 49 _sq._;
held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183;
marry their sisters, 316;
slaughter human victims with their own hands, ii. 97 _n._ 7;
torn in pieces, traditions of, 97 _sq._;
human sacrifices to prolong the life of, 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._
—— and magicians dismembered and their bodies buried in different parts of
the country to fertilize it, ii. 101 _sq._
——, dead, reincarnate in lions, i. 83 _n._ 1;
worshipped in Africa, 160 _sqq._;
sacrifices offered to, 162, 166 _sq._;
incarnate in animals, 162, 163 _sq._, 173;
consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;
human sacrifices to, 173;
worshipped by the Barotse, 194 _sq._
——, divinity of Semitic, i. 15 _sqq._;
divinity of Lydian, 182 _sqq._
—— of Egypt worshipped as gods, i. 52;
buried at Abydos, ii. 19;
perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97 _sq._, 102;
as Osiris, 151 _sqq._;
renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen
Osiris, 153 _sq._;
born again at the Sed festival, 153, 156 _sq._;
perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay,
154 _sq._, 156
Kings, Hebrew, traces of divinity ascribed to, i. 20 _sqq._
——, Shilluk, put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163
—— of Sweden answerable for the fertility of the ground, ii. 220;
their sons sacrificed, 51
Kingship at Rome a plebeian institution, i. 45;
under mother-kin, rules as to succession to the, ii. 210 _n._ 1;
in Africa under mother-kin inherited by men, not women, 211
Kingsley, Miss Mary H., on secret burial of chief’s head, ii. 104
_Kinnor_, a lyre, i. 52
Kirauea, volcano in Hawaii, i. 216 _sq._;
divinities of, 217;
offerings to, 217 _sqq._
Kiriwina, one of the Trobriand Islands, annual festival of the dead in, i.
56;
snakes as reincarnations of the dead in, 84;
presentation of children to the full moon in, ii. 144
Kiwai, an island off New Guinea, magic for the growth of sago in, ii. 101
Kiziba, a district of Central Africa, dead kings worshipped in, ii. 173
_sq._;
totemism in, 173
Klamath Indians of Oregon, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130
Kocchs of North-Eastern India, succession to husband’s property among the,
ii. 215 _n._ 2
Kois of Southern India, infant burial among the, i. 95
Komatis of Mysore, their worship of serpents, i. 81 _sq._
Koniags of Alaska, their magical uses of the bodies of the dead, ii. 106
Konkaus of California, their dance of the dead, ii. 53
_Kosio_, a dedicated person, i. 65, 66, 68
Kosti, in Thrace, carnival custom at, ii. 99 _sq._
Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be
widowers, ii. 230
Kretschmer, Professor P., on native population of Cyprus, i. 145 _n._ 3;
on Cybele and Attis, 287 _n._ 2
Krishna, Hindoo god, ii. 254
Kuar, an Indian month, ii. 144
Kubary, J., on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, ii. 204
_sqq._
Kuinda, Cilician fortress, i. 144 _n._ 1
Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits
among the, ii. 263
Kuklia, Old Paphos, i. 33, 36
Kundi in Cilicia, i. 144
Kupalo, figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, i. 250 _sq._;
a deity of vegetation, 253
Kupole’s festival at Midsummer in Prussia, i. 253
Labraunda in Caria, i. 182 _n._ 4
_Labrys_, Lydian word for axe, i. 182
Laconia, subject to earthquakes, i. 203 _n._ 2
Lactantius, on the rites of Osiris, ii. 85
Lagash in Babylonia, i. 35 _n._ 5
Lago di Naftia in Sicily, i. 221 _n._ 4
Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning for Adonis as a harvest rite, i.
231
Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico, ii. 54 _n._ 2
Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, i. 243
Lakor, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198
Lamas River in Cilicia, i. 149, 150
Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45;
of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, 43 _sq._;
of Cherokee Indians “after the first working of the crop,” 47;
of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, 47 _sq._
Laments for Tammuz, i. 9 _sq._;
for dead kings of Judah, 20;
for Osiris, ii. 12
Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, ii. 261
Lamps lighted to show the dead the way, ii. 51 _sq._;
for the use of ghosts at the feast of All Souls, 72, 73
Lancashire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79
Landen, the battle of, i. 234
Lane, E. W., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31 _n._ 1
_Lantana salvifolia_, ii. 47
Lanterns, the feast of, in Japan, ii. 65
Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, ii. 87 _n._ 5
Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth worshipped at, i. 117
Larrekiya, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without
cohabitation, i. 103
Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the, i. 279
Latham, R. G., on succession to husband’s property among the Kocchs, ii.
215 _n._ 2
Laurel, gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, i. 143;
in Greek purificatory rites, ii. 240 _sq._
—— -bearing, a festival at Thebes, in Boeotia, ii. 241
Leake, W. M., on flowers in Asia Minor, i. 187 _n._ 6
Leaping over Midsummer fires to make hemp or flax grow tall, i. 251
Leaves and flowers as talismans, ii. 242 _sq._
Lebanon, the forests of Mount, i. 14;
Aphrodite of the, 30;
Baal of the, 32;
the charm of the, 235
Lech, a tributary of the Danube, ii. 70
Lechrain, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70 _sq._
Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of great men on the popular imagination,
ii. 199
Legend of the foundation of Carthage and similar tales, ii. 249 _sq._
Lehmann-Haupt, C. F., on the historical Semiramis, i. 177 _n._ 1
Lent, the Indian and Fijian, i. 90
Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, i. 305
Leonard, Major A. G., on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and
others, ii. 222
Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, i. 23 _sq._
Lepsius, R., his identification of Osiris with the sun, ii. 121 _sq._
Leti, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198
Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, ii. 11
Letts, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 74 _sq._
Lewis the Pious, institutes the feast of All Saints, ii. 83
Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia,
ii. 174
Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232
Lightning thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful
chief, ii. 177 with _n._ 1;
no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, 177 _n._ 1;
“Lights of the dead” to enable the ghosts to enter houses, ii. 65
——, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 88
Lion, deity standing on a, i. 123 _n._ 2, 127;
the emblem of the Mother Goddess, 164;
as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, 182, 184;
carried round acropolis of Sardes, 184, ii. 249
—— -god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery of the, i. 139 _sq._;
of Lydia, 184
—— -slaying god, statue of, i. 117
Lions, dead kings reincarnate in, i. 83 _n._ 1, ii. 163;
carved, at gate, i. 128;
as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, 137;
deities seated on, 162;
spirits of dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193
Living parents, children of, in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._
Loeboes, a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys and girls
among the, ii. 264
Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, i. 227 _n._
Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, ii. 248
Lovers, term applied to the Baalim, i. 75 _n._
Low, Hugh, on Dyak treatment of heads of slain enemies, i. 295
Lua and Saturn, ii. 233
Luangwa, district of Northern Rhodesia, prayers to dead ancestors in, ii.
175 _sq._
Lucian, on religious prostitution, i. 58;
on image of goddess at Hierapolis-Bambyce, 137 _n._ 2;
on the death of Peregrinus, 181;
on dispute between Hercules and Aesculapius, 209 _sq._;
on the ascension of Adonis, 225 _n._ 3
Lugaba, the supreme god of the Bahima, ii. 190
Lunar sympathy, the doctrine of, ii. 140 _sqq._
Lung-fish clan among the Baganda, ii. 224
Luritcha of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 99
Lushais, men dressed as women, women dressed as men, among the, ii. 255
_n._ 1
Luxor, temples at, ii. 124
Lyall, Sir Charles J., on the system of mother-kin among the Khasis, ii.
202 _sq._
Lycaonian plain, i. 123
Lycia, flowers in, i. 187 _n._ 6;
Mount Chimaera in, 221;
mother-kin in, ii. 212 _sq._
Lycian language, question of its affinity, ii. 213 _n._ 1
—— men dressed as women in mourning, ii. 264
Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, rent in pieces by horses, ii. 98, 99
Lycus, valley of the, i. 207
Lydia, prostitution of girls before marriage in, i. 38, 58;
the lion-god of, 184;
the Burnt Land of, 193 _sq._;
traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259
Lydian kings, their divinity, i. 182 _sqq._;
held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183
Lyell, Sir Charles, on hot springs, i. 213 _n._ 4;
on volcanic phenomena in Syria and Palestine, 222 _n._ 1
Lyre as instrument of religious music, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._;
the instrument of Apollo, 288
Lysimachus scatters the bones of the kings of Epirus, ii. 104
Ma, goddess of Comana in Pontus, i. 39, 265 _n._ 1
Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, i. 109
_n._ 1
Macdonald, Rev. James, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, ii.
176
Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, ii. 154
McLennan, J. F., on brother and sister marriages, i. 44 _n._ 2, ii. 216
_n._ 1
Macrobius, on the mourning Aphrodite, i. 30;
on the Egyptian year, ii. 28 _n._ 3;
on Osiris as a sun-god, 121;
his solar theory of the gods, 121, 128;
on the influence of the moon, 132
Madagascar, vicarious sacrifice for a king in, ii. 221;
men dressed as women in, 254
Madonna and Isis, ii. 119
Maeander, the valley of the, subject to earthquakes, i. 194;
sanctuaries of Pluto in the valley of the, 205, 206
Mafuie, the Samoan god of earthquakes, i. 200
Magarsus in Cilicia, i. 169 _n._ 3
Magic and religion, combination of, i. 4
Magical ceremonies for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 _sqq._
—— dramas for the regulation of the seasons, i. 4 _sq._
—— uses made of the bodies of the dead, ii. 100 _sqq._
Magnesia, on the Maeander, worship of Zeus at, ii. 238
Mahadeo and Parvati, Indian deities, i. 242, 251
Mahadeva, Indian god, i. 241
Mahdi, an ancient, i. 74
Mahratta, dancing-girls in, i. 62
Maia or Majestas, the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232 _sq._
Maiau, hero in form of crocodile, i. 139 _n._ 1
Maiden, the (Persephone), the descent of, ii. 41
Malagasy use of children of living parents in ritual, ii. 247
Malay Peninsula, the Mentras or Mantras of the, ii. 140
Mallus in Cilicia, deities on coins of, i. 165 _sq._
Malta, bilingual inscription of, i. 16;
Phoenician temples of, 35
Mamre, sacred oak or terebinth at, i. 37 _n._ 2
Mandingoes of Senegambia, their attention to the phases of the moon, ii.
141
Maneros, chant of Egyptian reapers, ii. 45, 46
Manes, first king of Lydia, i. 186 _n._ 5
Manetho, on the Egyptian burnt-sacrifice of red-haired men, ii. 97;
on Isis as the discoverer of corn, 116;
quoted by Diodorus Siculus, 120
Manichaeans, their theory of earthquakes, i. 197
Manichaeus, the heretic, his death, i. 294 _n._ 3
Manipur, the Tangkul Nagas of, ii. 57 _sq._
Mantinea, Poseidon worshipped at, i. 203 _n._ 2
Maori priest catches the soul of a tree, ii. 111 _n._ 1
Marash, Hittite monuments at, i. 173
March, festival of Attis in, i. 267
——, the twenty-fifth of, tradition that Christ was crucified on, i. 306
Marduk, human wives of, at Babylon, i. 71
Mariette-Pacha, A., on the burial of Osiris, ii. 89 _n._
Marigolds used to adorn tombstones on All Souls’ Day, ii. 71
Marks, bodily, of prophets, i. 74
Marriage as an infringement of old communal rights, i. 40;
of the Sun and Earth, 47 _sq._;
of women to serpent-god, 66 _sqq._;
of Adonis and Aphrodite celebrated at Alexandria, 224;
of Sky and Earth, 282 with _n._ 2;
of the Roman gods, ii. 230 _sqq._;
exchange of dress between men and women at, 260 _sqq._
——, sacred, of priest and priestess as representatives of deities, i. 46
_sqq._;
represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 140;
in Cos, ii. 259 _n._ 4
—— customs of the Aryan family, ii. 235;
use of children of living parents in, 245 _sqq._;
to ensure the birth of boys, 262
Marriages of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, ii. 214 _sqq._;
their intention to keep the property in the family, 215 _sq._
Mars, the father of Romulus and Remus, ii. 235
—— and Bellona, ii. 231
—— and Nerio, ii. 232
Marsala in Sicily, Midsummer customs at, i. 247
Marseilles, Midsummer custom at, i. 248 _sq._
Marshall, Mr. A. S. F., on the felling of timber in Mexico, ii. 136 _n._ 3
Marsyas, his musical contest with Apollo and his death, i. 288 _sq._;
perhaps a double of Attis, 289
—— and Apollo, i. 55
——, the river, i. 289
Martin, M., on the cutting of peat in the Hebrides, ii. 138
Masai, of East Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the
dead, i. 82, 84;
their ceremonies at the new moon, ii. 142 _sq._
—— boys wear female costume at circumcision, ii. 263
—— rule as to the choice of a chief, ii. 248
Masnes, a giant, i. 186
_Masoka_, the spirits of the dead, ii. 188 _sq._
Maspero, Sir Gaston, edits the Pyramid Texts, ii. 4 _n._ 1;
on the nature of Osiris, 126 _n._ 2
Masquerade at the Carnival in Thrace, ii. 99 _sq._
Masquerades at festivals of the dead, ii. 53
Massacres for sick kings of Uganda, ii. 226
Massaya, volcano in Nicaragua, human victims sacrificed to, i. 219
_Massebah_ (plural _masseboth_), sacred stone or pillar, i. 107, 108
Maternal uncle in marriage ceremonies in India, i. 62 _n._ 1
Maternity and paternity of the Roman deities, ii. 233 _sqq._
“Matriarchate,” i. 46
Maui, Fijian god of earthquakes, i. 202 _n._
Maundrell, H., on the discoloration of the river Adonis, i. 225 _n._ 4
Maury, A., on the Easter ceremonies compared with those of Adonis, i. 257
_n._ 1
Maximus Tyrius, on conical image at Paphos, i. 35 _n._
May, modern Greek feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 _n._ 1
—— Day, ceremony at Meiron in Galilee on the eve of, i. 178
—— -pole or Midsummer-tree in Sweden and Bohemia, i. 250
Medea and her magic cauldron, i. 180 _sq._
Medicine-men of Zulus, i. 74 _n._ 4;
of Wiimbaio, 75 _n._ 4
Mefitis, Italian goddess of mephitic vapours, i. 204, 205
Megalopolis, battle of gods and giants in plain of, i. 157
Megassares, king of Hyria, i. 41
Meiners, C., on purification by blood, i. 299 _n._ 2
Meiron, in Galilee, burnings for dead Jewish Rabbis at, i. 178 _sq._
Mela’s description of the Corycian cave, i. 155 _n._, 156
Melanesia, belief in conception without sexual intercourse in, i. 97 _sq._
Melanesian magicians buried secretly, ii. 105
Melanesians, mother-kin among the, ii. 211;
of New Britain, their use of flowers and leaves as talismans, 242 _sq._
Melcarth, the god of Tyre, identified with Hercules, i. 16, 111;
worshipped at Amathus in Cyprus, 32, 117;
the burning of, 110 _sqq._;
worshipped at Gades, 112 _sq._, ii. 258 _n._ 5
Melchizedek, king of Salem, i. 17
_Melech_ and Moloch, ii. 219 _sq._
Meles, king of Lydia, banished because of a dearth, i. 183;
causes lion to be carried round acropolis, 184
Melicertes, a form of Melcarth, i. 113
Melite in Phthia, i. 291
Melito on the father of Adonis, i. 13 _n._ 2
Memnonium at Thebes, ii. 35 _n._
Memorial stones, ii. 203
Memphis, head of Osiris at, ii. 11;
oath of the kings of Egypt at, 24;
festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108;
Apis the sacred bull of, 119 _n._;
the sanctuary of Serapis at, 119 _n._
Men, make gods, ii. 211;
dressed as women at marriage, 262 _sqq._;
dressed as women to deceive dangerous spirits, 262 _sq._;
dressed as women at circumcision, 263
—— and women inspired by the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171,
172, 192 _sq._
—— “of God,” prophets, i. 76
Men Tyrannus, Phrygian moon-god, i. 284;
custom as to pollution of death at his shrine, ii. 227
Mentras or Mantras of the Malay Peninsula, their tradition as to primitive
man, ii. 140
Mephitic vapours, worship of, i. 203 _sqq._
Mercurial temperament of merchants and sailors, ii. 218
Mesha, king of Moab, i. 15;
sacrifices his first-born, 110
Messiah, “the Anointed One,” i. 21
Meteor as signal for festival, i. 259
Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, i. 41
_Methide_ plant growing over grave of Osiris, ii. 111
Mexican calendar, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28 _n._ 3
Mexicans, their human sacrifices for the maize, ii. 107
Mexico, rule as to the felling of timber in, ii. 136
Meyer, Professor Eduard, on prophecy in Canaan, i. 75 _n._ 5;
on the Hittite language, 125 _n._;
on costume of Hittite priest or king, 133 _n._, 141 _n._ 1;
on the rock-hewn sculptures of Boghaz-Keui, 133 _n._;
on Anubis at Abydos, ii. 18 _n._ 3;
on the hawk as an Egyptian emblem, 22 _n._ 1;
on the date of the introduction of the Egyptian calendar, 36 _n._ 2;
on the nature of Osiris, 126 _n._ 2;
on the relation of Byblus to Egypt, 127 _n._ 1;
on the Lycian language, 213 _n._ 1
Michael Angelo, the Pietà of, i. 257
Michaelmas, 29th September, ii. 74
Midas, the tomb of, i. 286
—— and Gordias, names of Phrygian kings, i. 286
Midsummer, old heathen festival of, in Europe and the East, i. 249 _sq._;
divination at, 252 _sq._
—— bathing, pagan origin of the custom, i. 249
—— Bride and Bridegroom in Sweden, i. 251
—— Day or Eve, custom of bathing on, i. 246 _sqq._
—— fires and couples in relation to vegetation, i. 250 _sq._;
leaping over the fires to make flax or hemp grow tall, 251
Milcom, the god of Ammon, i. 19
Milk, serpents fed with, i. 84 _sqq._, 87;
offered at graves, 87
Mill, women mourning for Tammuz eat nothing ground in a mill, i. 230
Milne, Mrs. Leslie, on the Shans, ii. 136
Milton on the laments for Tammuz, i. 226 _n._
Minoan age of Greece, i. 34
Minucius Felix on the rites of Osiris, ii. 85 _n._ 3
Miraculous births of gods and heroes, i. 107
“Mistress of Turquoise,” goddess at Sinai, i. 35
Mitani, ancient people of Northern Mesopotamia, i. 135 _n._
Mithra, Persian deity, popularity of his worship in the Roman Empire, i.
301 _sq._;
identified with the Unconquered Sun, 304
Mithraic religion a rival to Christianity, i. 302;
festival of Christmas borrowed from it, 302 _sqq._
Miztecs of Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 54 _sq._
Mnevis, sacred Egyptian bull, ii. 11
Moa, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198
Moab, Mesha, king of, i. 15;
the wilderness of, 52 _sq._;
the springs of Callirrhoe in, 214 _sqq._
——, Arabs of, their custom at harvest, ii. 48, 96;
their remedies for ailments, 242
Moabite stone, the inscription on the, i. 15 _n._ 3, 20 _n._ 2, 163 _n._ 3
Moabites burn the bones of the kings of Edom, ii. 104
Models in cardboard offered to the dead instead of the things themselves,
ii. 63 _sq._
Mohammedan peoples of North Africa, their custom of bathing at Midsummer,
i. 249
—— saints as givers of children, i. 78 _n._ 2
Mohammedanism, ii. 160
Mohammedans of Oude, their mode of drinking moonshine, ii. 144
Moire, sister of Tylon, i. 186
Moloch, meaning of the name, i. 15;
sacrifices of first-born children to, 178;
the king, ii. 219 _sqq._
—— and _Melech_, ii. 219 _sq._
Mommsen, Th., on the date of the festival of Osiris at Rome, ii. 95 _n._ 1
Mongols, funeral customs of the, i. 293
Monmouthshire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79
Monomotapa, a Caffre king, his way of prolonging his life, ii. 222 _sq._
Montanists, their view as to the date of Creation, i. 307 _n._ 2
Months, the Egyptian, table of, ii. 37 _n._
Moon, human victims sacrificed to the, i. 73;
albinoes thought to be the offspring of the, 91;
popularly regarded as the cause of growth and decay, ii. 132, 138;
practical rules based on a theory of the influence of the, 132 _sqq._,
140 _sqq._;
popularly regarded as the source of moisture, 137 _sq._;
worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical America, 138 _sq._;
viewed as the husband of the sun, 139 _n._;
Athenian superstition as to an eclipse of the, 141;
children presented to the, 144 _sqq._;
thought to have a harmful influence on children, 148
——, the new, ceremonies at, ii. 141 _sqq._;
dances at, 142;
custom of showing money to, or turning it in the pocket, 148 _sq._
——, the waning, theories to explain, ii. 130;
thought to be broken or eaten up, 130
—— Being of the Omahas, ii. 256
——, the infant god, ii. 131, 153
—— -god conceived as masculine, i. 73;
inspiration by the, 73;
in ancient Babylonia, ii. 138 _sq._
Moonshine drunk as a medicine in India, ii. 144;
thought to be beneficial to children, ii. 144
Móooi, Tongan god who causes earthquakes, i. 201
Moore, G. F., on the burnt sacrifice of children, ii. 219 _n._ 1
Moravia, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 73
Moret, Alexandre, on Amenophis IV., ii. 123 _n._ 1;
on the Sed festival, 155 _sq._
Mori, a district of Central Celebes, belief of the natives as to a spirit
in the moon, ii. 139 _n._
Moriah, Mount, traditionally identified with Mount Zion, ii. 219 _n._ 1
Morning Star, appearance of, perhaps the signal for the festival of
Adonis, i. 258 _sq._
Morocco, custom of prostitution in an Arab tribe in, i. 39 _n._ 3
Morrison, Rev. C. W., on belief of Australian aborigines as to childbirth,
i. 103 _n._ 3
Mostene in Lydia, double-headed axe at, i. 183 _n._
Mota, belief as to conception in women in, i. 97 _sq._
“Mother” and “Father” as epithets applied to Roman goddesses and gods, ii.
233 _sqq._
——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 185
—— Earth, festival in her honour in Bengal, i. 90;
fertilized by Father Sky, myth of, 282
—— Goddess of Western Asia, sacred prostitution in the worship of the, i.
36;
lions as her emblems, 137, 164;
her eunuch priests, 206;
of Phrygia conceived as a Virgin Mother, 281
—— -kin, succession in royal houses with, i. 44;
trace of, at Rome and Nemi, 45;
among the Khasis of Assam, 46, ii. 202 _sqq._;
among the Hittites, traces of, i. 141 _sq._;
and Mother Goddesses, ii. 201 _sqq._, 212 _sqq._;
and father-kin, 202, 261 _n._ 3;
favours the superiority of goddesses over gods in religion, 202 _sqq._,
211 _sq._;
its influence on religion, 202 _sqq._;
among the Pelew Islanders, 204 _sqq._;
does not imply that government is in the hands of women, 208 _sqq._;
among the Melanesians, 211;
in Africa, 211;
in Lycia, 212 _sq._;
in ancient Egypt, 213 _sqq._;
traces of, in Lydia and Cos, 259;
favours the development of goddesses, 259.
_See also_ Female kinship
—— of a god, i. 51, 52
—— of the gods, first-fruits offered to the, i. 280 _n._ 1;
popularity of her worship in the Roman Empire, 298 _sq._
—— Plastene on Mount Sipylus, i. 185
“Mother’s Air,” a tune on the flute, i. 288
“Mothers of the Clan” in the Pelew Islands, ii. 205, 206
Motlav, belief as to conception in women in, i. 98
Mournful character of the rites of sowing, ii. 40 _sqq._
Mourning for Attis, i. 272;
for the corn-god at midsummer, ii. 34
—— costume of men in Lycia, ii. 264;
perhaps a mode of deceiving the ghost, 264
Mouth of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, ii. 15
Moylar, male children of sacred prostitutes, i. 63
Mpongwe kings of the Gaboon, buried secretly, ii. 104
_Mugema_, the earl of Busiro, ii. 168
Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, probably a dead man, ii. 196 _sq._;
gives oracles through a woman, 257
_Mukuru_, an ancestor (plural _Ovakuru_, ancestors), ii. 185 _sq._
Müller, Professor W. Max, on Hittite name for god, i. 148 _n._
Mundas of Bengal, gardens of Adonis among the, i. 240
Mungarai, Australian tribe, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead,
i. 101
Murder of children to secure their rebirth in barren women, i. 95
Murli, female devotee, i. 62
Music as a means of prophetic inspiration, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74;
in exorcism, 54 _sq._;
and religion, 53 _sq._
Musquakie Indians, infant burial among the, i. 91 _n._ 3
Mutilation of dead bodies of kings, chiefs, and magicians, ii. 103 _sqq._;
to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts, 188
Mycenae, royal graves at, i. 33, 34
Mycenaean age of Greece, i. 34
Mylasa in Caria, i. 182 _n._ 4
Mylitta, Babylonian goddess, sacred prostitution in her worship, i. 36, 37
_n._ 1
Myrrh or Myrrha, the mother of Adonis, i. 43, 227 _sq._
—— -tree, Adonis born of a, i. 227, ii. 110
Mysore, sacred women in, i. 62 _n._;
the Komatis of, 81 _sq._
Mysteries of Sabazius, i. 90 _n._ 4;
of Attis, 274 _sq._
Myth and ritual of Attis, i. 263 _sqq._
Myths supposed to originate in verbal misapprehensions or a disease of
language, ii. 42
——, Italian, of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235
Naaburg, in Bavaria, custom at sowing at, i. 239
“Naaman, wounds of the,” Arab name for the scarlet anemone, i. 226
Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, i. 174
_Naga_, serpent god, i. 81
Naga-padoha, the agent of earthquakes, i. 200
Nahanarvals, a German tribe, priest dressed as a woman among the, ii. 259
Nahr Ibrahim, the river Adonis, i. 14, 28
Namal tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children,
i. 105
Names, royal, signifying relation to deity, i. 15 _sqq._;
Semitic personal, indicating relationship to a deity, 51;
Hebrew, ending in _-el_ or _-iah_, 79 _n._ 3
Nana, the mother of Attis, i. 263, 269, 281
Nandi, the, of British East Africa, their belief in serpents as
reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85;
their ceremony at the ripening of the eleusine grain, ii. 47;
boys dressed as women and girls dressed as men at circumcision among
the, 263
Nanjundayya, H. V., on serpent worship in Mysore, i. 81 _sq._
Naples, grotto _del cani_ at, i. 205 _n._ 1;
custom of bathing on St. John’s Eve at, 246
Narmer, the mace of, ii. 154
National character partly an effect of geographical and climatic
conditions, ii. 217
Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, i. 303 _sqq._
Natural calendar of the husbandman, shepherd, and sailor, ii. 25
Nature of Osiris, ii. 96 _sqq._
Navel-string of the king of Uganda preserved and inspected every new moon,
ii. 147 _sq._
Navel-strings of dead kings of Uganda preserved, ii. 167, 168, 171;
ghosts of afterbirths thought to adhere to, 169 _sq._;
preserved by the Baganda as their twins and as containing the ghosts of
their afterbirths, 169 _sq._
Ndjambi, Njambi, Njame, Zambi, Nyambe, etc., name of the supreme god among
various tribes of Africa, ii. 186, with note 5
—— Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186
Nebseni, the papyrus of, ii. 112
Neith or Net, an Egyptian goddess, i. 282 _n._, ii. 51 _n._ 1
Nekht, the papyrus of, ii. 112
Nemi, Dianus and Diana at, i. 45
Nephthys, Egyptian goddess, sister of Osiris and Isis, ii. 6;
mourns Osiris, 12
Neptune and Salacia, ii. 231, 233
Nerio and Mars, ii. 232
New birth through blood in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._;
savage theory of, 299;
of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 _sq._
—— Britain, theory of earthquakes in, i. 201
—— Guinea, German, the Kai of, i. 96;
the Tami of, 198
—— Mexico, the Pueblo Indians of, ii. 54
—— moon, ceremonies at the, ii. 141 _sqq._
—— World, bathing on St. John’s Day in the, i. 249;
All Souls’ Day in the, ii. 80
—— Year’s Day, festival of the dead on, ii. 53, 55, 62, 65
—— Zealand, Rotomahana in, i. 207, 209 _n._
Newberry, Professor P. E., on Osiris as a cedar-tree god, ii. 109 _n._ 1
Newman, J. H., on music, i. 53 _sq._
Ngai, God, i. 68
Ngoni, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82
Nguruhi, the supreme god of the Wahehe, ii. 188 _sq._
Niambe, the supreme god of the Barotse, ii. 193
Nias, conduct of the natives of, in an earthquake, i. 201 _sq._;
head-hunting in, 296 _n._ 1
Nicaragua, Indians of, sacrifice human victims to volcanoes, i. 219
Nietzold, J., on the marriage of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt,
ii. 216 _n._ 1
Nigmann, E., on the religion of the Wahehe, ii. 188 _sq._
Nikunau, one of the Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in, i. 108 _n._ 1
Nile, the rise and fall of the, ii. 30 _sqq._;
rises at the summer solstice in June, 31 _n._ 1, 33;
commanded by the King of Egypt to rise, 33;
thought to be swollen by the tears of Isis, 33;
gold and silver thrown into the river at its rising, 40;
the rise of, attributed to Serapis, 216 _sq._
——, the “Bride” of the, ii. 38
Nilsson, Professor M. P., on custom of sacred prostitution, i. 37 _n._ 2,
57 _n._ 1, 58 _n._ 2;
on the sacrifice of a bull to Zeus, ii. 239 _n._ 1
Nineveh, the end of, i. 174
Njamus, the, of British East Africa, their sacrifices at irrigation
channels, ii. 38 _sq._
Normandy, rolling in dew on St. John’s Day in, i. 248
Northern Territory, Australia, beliefs as to the birth of children in the,
i. 103 _sq._
Nottinghamshire, harvest custom in, i. 238 _n._
November, festivals of the dead in, ii. 51, 54, 69 _sqq._;
the month of sowing in Egypt, 94
Novitiate of priests and priestesses, i. 66, 68
Nullakun tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i.
101
Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Osiris, i. 283 _n._ 3, ii. 6, 16;
in a sycamore tree, 110
Nutlets of pines used as food, i. 278 _n._ 2
Nutritive and vicarious types of sacrifice, ii. 226
Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, worshipped as the god of his
people, ii. 162 _sqq._;
incarnate in various animals, 163 _sq._;
his mysterious disappearance, 163;
his graves, 163, 166;
historical reality of, 164, 166 _sq._;
his relation to the creator Juok, 164 _sq._;
compared to Osiris, 167
Nymphs of the Fair Crowns at Olympia, ii. 240
Nysa, in the valley of the Maeander, i. 205, 206 _n._ 1;
sacrifice of bull at, 292 _n._ 3
Nyuak, L., on guardian spirits of Sea Dyaks, i. 83
Oak or terebinth, sacred at Mamre, i. 37 _n._ 2
Oath of Egyptian kings not to correct the vague Egyptian year by
intercalation, ii. 26
Obelisk, image of Astarte, i. 14
Obelisks, sacred, at Gezer, i. 108
Obscene images of Osiris, ii. 112
Octennial cycle, old, in Greece, ii. 242 _n._
October, the first of, a great Saxon festival, ii. 81 _n._ 3
Odilo, abbot of Clugny, institutes feast of All Souls, ii. 82
Odin, hanged on a tree, i. 290;
human victims dedicated by hanging to, 290;
king’s sons sacrificed to, ii. 220
Oenomaus, king of Pisa, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 _n._ 1
Oeta, Mount, Hercules burnt on, i. 111, 116, 211
Offerings to dead kings, ii. 194
Oil, holy, poured on king’s head, i. 21;
poured on sacred stones, 36;
as vehicle of inspiration, 74
Olba, priestly kings of, i. 143 _sqq._, 161;
the name of, 148;
the ruins of, 151 _sq._
Old Woman of the corn, mythical being of the Cherokee Indians, ii. 46
_sq._
Olive of the Fair Crown at Olympia, ii. 240
—— -branches carried in procession and hung over doors at Athens, ii. 238
Olo Ngadjoe, the, of Borneo, i. 91
Olonets, Russian Government of, festival of the dead in, ii. 75
Olympia, the quack Peregrinus burns himself at, i. 181;
the cutting of the olive-branches to form the victors’ crowns at, ii.
240
Olympic festival based on an octennial cycle, ii. 242 _n._ 1
Olympus, Mount, in Cyprus, i. 32
Omahas, Indian tribe of North America, effeminate men among the, ii. 255
_sq._
Omonga, a rice-spirit who lives in the moon, ii. 139 _n._
Omphale and Hercules, i. 182, ii. 258
On, King of Sweden. _See_ Aun.
Oodeypoor, in Rajputana, gardens of Adonis at, i. 241 _sq._
Opening the eyes and mouth of the dead, Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15
Operations of husbandry regulated by observation of the moon, ii. 133
_sqq._
Ops, the wife of Saturn, ii. 233;
in relation to Consus, 233 _n._ 6
Oracles given by the spirits of dead kings, ii. 167, 171, 172
Oraons of Bengal, their annual marriage of the Sun and Earth, i. 46
_sqq._;
gardens of Adonis among the, 240;
their annual festival of the dead, ii. 59
Orcus, Roman god of the lower world, his marriage celebrated by the
pontiffs, ii. 231
Ordeal of chastity, i. 115 _n._ 2
Orestes at Castabala, i. 115
Orgiastic rites of Cybele, i. 278
Oriental mind untrammelled by logic, i. 4 _n._ 1
—— religions in the West, i. 298 _sqq._;
their influence in undermining ancient civilization, 299 _sqq._;
importance attached to the salvation of the individual soul in, 300
Origen, on the refusal of Christians to fight, i. 301 _n._ 1
Origin of Osiris, ii. 158 _sqq._
Orion, appearance of the constellation, a signal for sowing, i. 290 _sq._
Orpheus, prophet and musician, i. 55;
the legend of his death, ii. 99
Orwell in Cambridgeshire, harvest custom at, i. 237 _n._ 4
Oschophoria, vintage festival at Athens, ii. 258 _n._ 6
Osirian mysteries, the hall of the, at Abydos, ii. 108
Osiris identified with Adonis and Attis, i. 32, ii. 127 _n._;
myth of, ii. 3 _sqq._;
his birth, 6;
introduces the cultivation of corn and the vine, 7, 97, 112;
his violent death, 7 _sq._;
at Byblus, 9 _sq._, 22 _sq._, 127;
his body rent in pieces, 10;
the graves of, 10 _sq._;
his dead body sought and found by Isis, 10, 50, 85;
tradition as to his genital organs, 10, 102;
mourned by Isis and Nephthys, 12;
invited to come to his house, 12, 47;
restored to life by Isis, 13;
king and judge of the dead, 13 _sq._;
his body the first mummy, 15;
the funeral rites performed over his body the model of all funeral rites
in Egypt, 15;
all the Egyptian dead identified with, 16;
his trial and acquittal in the court of the gods, 17;
represented in art as a royal mummy, 18;
specially associated with Busiris and Abydos, 18;
his tomb at Abydos, 18 _sq._, 197 _sq._;
official festivals of, 49 _sqq._;
his sufferings displayed in a mystery at night, 50;
his festival in the month of Athyr, 84 _sqq._;
dramatic representation of his resurrection in his rites, 85;
his images made of vegetable mould, 85, 87, 90 _sq._, 91;
the funeral rites of, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86
_sqq._;
his festival in the month of Khoiak, 86 _sqq._, 108 _sq._;
his “garden,” 87 _sq._;
ploughing and sowing in the rites of, 87, 90, 96;
the burial of, in his rites, 88;
the holy sepulchre of, under Persea-trees, 88;
represented with corn sprouting from his dead body, 89;
his resurrection depicted on the monuments, 89 _sq._;
as a corn-god, 89 _sqq._, 96 _sqq._;
corn-stuffed effigies of, buried with the dead as a symbol of
resurrection, 90 _sq._, 114;
date of the celebration of his resurrection at Rome, 95 _n._ 1;
the nature of, 96 _sqq._;
his severed limbs placed on a corn-sieve, 97;
human victims sacrificed by kings at the grave of, 97;
suggested explanations of his dismemberment, 97;
sometimes explained by the ancients as a personification of the corn,
107;
as a tree-spirit, 107 _sqq._;
his image made out of a pine-tree, 108;
his emblems the crook and scourge or flail, 108, 153, compare 20;
his backbone represented by the _ded_ pillar, 108 _sq._;
interpreted as a cedar-tree god, 109 _n._ 1;
his soul in a bird, 110;
represented as a mummy enclosed in a tree, 110, 111;
obscene images of, 112;
as a god of fertility, 112 _sq._;
identified with Dionysus, 113, 126 _n._ 3;
a god of the dead, 113 _sq._;
universal popularity of his worship, 114;
interpreted by some as the sun, 120 _sqq._, reasons for rejecting this
interpretation, 122 _sqq._;
his death and resurrection interpreted as the decay and growth of
vegetation, 126 _sqq._;
his body broken into fourteen parts, 129;
interpreted as the moon by some of the ancients, 129;
reigned twenty-eight years, 129;
his soul thought to be imaged in the sacred bull Apis, 130;
identified with the moon in hymns, 131;
represented wearing on his head a full moon within a crescent, 131;
distinction of his myth and worship from those of Adonis and Attis, 158
_sq._;
his dominant position in Egyptian religion, 158 _sq._;
the origin of, 158 _sqq._;
his historical reality asserted in recent years, 160 _n._ 1;
his temple at Abydos, 198;
his title Khenti-Amenti, 198 _n._ 2;
compared to Charlemagne, 199;
the question of his historical reality left open, 199 _sq._;
his death still mourned in the time of Athanasius, 217;
his old type better preserved than those of Adonis and Attis, 218
Osiris, Adonis, Attis, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201
—— and Adonis, similarity between their rites, ii. 127
—— and Dionysus, similarity between their rites, ii. 127
—— and the moon, ii. 129 _sqq._
“—— of the mysteries,” ii. 89
—— -Sep, title of Osiris, ii. 87
Ostrich-feather, king of Egypt supposed to ascend to heaven on an, ii.
154, 155
Otho, the emperor, addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118 _n._ 1
Oulad Abdi, Arab tribe of Morocco, i. 39 _n._ 3
Oura, ancient name of Olba, i. 148, 152
Ourwira, theory of earthquakes in, i. 199
Ovambo, the, of German South-West Africa, their ceremony at the new moon,
ii. 142;
the worship of the dead among the, 188
Ovid, on the story of Pygmalion, i. 49 _n._ 4
Owl regarded as the guardian spirit of a tree, ii. 111 _n._ 1
Ox substituted for human victim in sacrifice, i. 146;
embodying corn-spirit sacrificed at Athens, 296 _sq._;
black, used in purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 _sq._
Ozieri, in Sardinia, St. John’s festival at, i. 244
Pacasmayu, the temple of the moon at, ii. 138
Padmavati, an Indian goddess, i. 243
Pagan origin of the Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249
_sq._
Paganism and Christianity, their resemblances explained as diabolic
counterfeits, i. 302, 309 _sq._
Παῖς ἀμφιθαλής, a boy whose parents are both alive, ii. 236 _n._ 2
Palatinate, the Upper, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 72
Palestine, religious prostitution in, i. 58;
date of the corn-reaping in, 232 _n._
Palestinian Aphrodite, i. 304 _n._
Palestrina, the harmonies of, i. 54
Pampa del Sacramento, Peru, earthquakes in, i. 198
Pampas, bones of extinct animals in the, i. 158
Pamyles, an Egyptian, ii. 6
Pandharpur, in the Bombay Presidency, i. 243
Panaghia Aphroditessa at Paphos, i. 36
Panku, a being who causes earthquakes, i. 198
Papas, a name for Attis, i. 281, 282
Paphlagonian belief that the god is bound fast in winter, ii. 41
Paphos in Cyprus, i. 32 _sqq._;
sanctuary of Aphrodite at, 32 _sqq._;
founded by Cinyras, 41
Papyrus of Nebseni, ii. 112;
of Nekht, 112
—— swamps, Isis in the, ii. 8
Parilia and the festival of St. George, i. 308
Parr, Thomas, i. 56
Parvati or Isa, an Indian goddess, i. 241, 242
Pasicyprus, king of Citium, i. 50 _n._ 2
Patagonia, funeral customs of Indians of, i. 294
Patagonians, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 254
Paternity, primitive ignorance of, i. 106 _sq._;
unknown in primitive savagery, 282
—— and maternity of the Roman deities, ii. 233 _sqq._
Paton, W. R., on modern Greek feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 _n._ 1
Patrae, Laphrian Artemis at, i. 126 _n._ 2
Pausanias on the necklace of Harmonia, i. 32 _n._ 2;
on bones of superhuman size, 157 _n._ 2;
on offerings to Etna, 221 _n._ 4;
on the Hanged Artemis, 291 _n._ 2
Payne, E. J., on the origin of moon-worship, ii. 138 _n._ 2
Pegasus and Bellerophon, i. 302 _n._ 4
Pegu, dance of hermaphrodites in, i. 271 _n._
Peking, Ibn Batuta at, i. 289
Pélé, goddess of the volcano Kilauea in Hawaii, i. 217 _sqq._
Pelew Islanders, their system of mother-kin, ii. 204 _sqq._;
predominance of goddesses over gods among them, 204 _sqq._;
customs of the, 253 _sqq._
—— Islands and the ancient East, parallel between, ii. 208;
prostitution of unmarried girls in, 264 _sq._;
custom of slaying chiefs in the, 266 _sqq._
Pelion, Mount, sacrifices offered on the top of, at the rising of Sirius,
ii. 36 _n._
Peloponnese, worship of Poseidon in, i. 203
Pelops restored to life, i. 181
Peneus, the river, at Tempe, ii. 240
Pennefather River in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of
children, i. 103
Pentheus, king of Thebes, rent in pieces by Bacchanals, ii. 98
Peoples of the Aryan stock, annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 67
_sqq._
Pepi the First, ii. 5;
his pyramid, 4 _n._ 1
Perasia, Artemis, at Castabala, i. 167 _sqq._
Peregrinus, his death in the fire, i. 181
Perga in Pamphylia, Artemis at, i. 35
Periander, tyrant of Corinth, his burnt sacrifice to his dead wife, i. 179
Perigord, rolling in dew on St. John’s Day in, i. 248
Peritius, month of, i. 111
Perpetual holy fire in temples of dead kings, ii. 174
—— fires worshipped, i. 191 _sqq._
Perrot, G., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 138 _n._
Persea-trees in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87 _n._ 5;
growing over the tomb of Osiris, 88
Persephone, name applied to spring, ii. 41
—— and Aphrodite, their contest for Adonis, i. 11 _sq._
—— and Pluto, temple of, i. 205
Perseus, the virgin birth of, i. 302 _n._ 4
Persian reverence for fire, i. 174 _sq._
—— festival of the dead, ii. 68
Persian fire-worship and priests, 191
Personation of gods by priests, i. 45, 46 _sqq._
Peru, earthquakes in, i. 202;
sacrifice of sons in, ii. 220 _n._ 4
Peruvian Indians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201
Pescara River, in the Abruzzi, i. 246
Pescina in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246
Pessinus, image of Cybele at, i. 35 _n._ 3;
priests called Attis at, 140;
local legend of Attis at, 264;
image of the Mother of the Gods at, 265;
people of, abstain from swine, 265;
high-priest of Cybele at, 285
Petrarch at Cologne on St. John’s Eve, i. 247 _sq._
Petrie, Professor W. M. Flinders, on the date of the corn-reaping in Egypt
and Palestine, i. 231 _n._ 3;
on the Sed festival, ii. 151 _n._ 3, 152 _n._ 3, 154 _sq._;
on the marriage of brothers with sisters in Egypt, 216 _n._ 1
Petrified cascades of Hierapolis, i. 207
Petroff, Ivan, on a custom of the Koniags of Alaska, ii. 106
Phamenoth, an Egyptian month, ii. 49 _n._ 1, 130
Phaophi, an Egyptian month, ii. 49 _n._ 1, 94
Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, i. 41
Phatrabot, a Cambodian month, ii. 61
Phidias, his influence on Greek religion, i. 54 _n._ 1
Philadelphia, subject to earthquakes, i. 194 _sq._
Philae, Egyptian relief at, ii. 50 _n._ 5;
mystic representation of Osiris in the temple of Isis at, 89;
sculptures in the temple of Isis at, 111;
the grave of Osiris at, 111;
the dead Osiris in the sculptures at, 112
Philo of Alexandria on the date of the corn-reaping, i. 231 _n._ 3
Philocalus, calendar of, i. 303 _n._ 2, 304 _n._ 3, 307 _n._, ii. 95 _n._
1
Philosophy, school of, at Tarsus, i. 118
Philostephanus, Greek historian, i. 49 _n._ 4
Phoenician temples in Malta, i. 35;
sacred prostitution in, 37
—— kings in Cyprus, i. 49
Phoenicians in Cyprus, i. 31 _sq._
Phrygia, Attis a deity of, i. 263;
festival of Cybele in, 274 _n._;
indigenous race of, 287
Phrygian belief that the god sleeps in winter, ii. 41
—— cap of Attis, i. 279
—— cosmogony, i. 263 _sq._
—— kings named Midas and Gordias, i. 286
Phrygian moon-god, i. 73
—— priests named Attis, i. 285, 287
Phrygians, invaders from Europe, i. 287
_Pietà_ of Michael Angelo, i. 257
Pig’s blood used in exorcism and purification, i. 299 _n._ 2
Pigs sacrificed annually to the moon and Osiris, ii. 131.
_See also_ Swine
Pillars as a religious emblem, i. 34;
sacred, in Crete, 107 _n._ 2
Pindar on the music of the lyre, i. 55;
on Typhon, 156
Pine-cones symbols of fertility, i. 278;
thrown into vaults of Demeter, 278;
on the monuments of Osiris, ii. 110
—— seeds or nutlets used as food, i. 278
—— -tree in the myth and ritual of Attis, i. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277
_sq._, 285, ii. 98 _n._ 5
Marsyas hung on a, i. 288;
in relation to human sacrifices, ii. 98 _n._ 5;
Pentheus on the, 98 _n._ 5;
in the rites of Osiris, 108
Pipiles of Central America expose their seeds to moonlight, ii. 135
Piraeus, processions in honour of Adonis at, i. 227 _n._
Pirates, the Cilician, i. 149 _sq._
_Pitr Pāk_, the Fortnight of the Manes, ii. 60
Pitrè, G., on Good Friday ceremonies in Sicily, i. 255 _sq._
Placenta, Egyptian standard resembling a, ii. 156 _n._ 1
_See also_ Afterbirth.
Placianian Mother, a form of Cybele, worshipped at Cyzicus, i. 274 _n._
Plastene, Mother, on Mount Sipylus, i. 185
Plato, on gardens of Adonis, i. 236 _n._ 1
Plautus on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232
Pleiades worshipped by the Abipones, i. 258 _n._ 2;
the setting of, the time of sowing, ii. 41
Pliny, on the date of harvest in Egypt, ii. 32 _n._ 2;
on the influence of the moon, 132;
on the grafting of trees, 133 _n._ 3;
on the time for felling timber, 136 _n._
Plotinus, the death of, i. 87
Ploughing, Prussian custom at, i. 238;
and sowing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87
Ploughmen and sowers drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 _sq._
Plutarch on the double-headed axe of Zeus Labrandeus, i. 182;
on the myth of Osiris, ii. 3, 5 _sqq._;
on Harpocrates, 9 _n._;
on Osiris at Byblus, 22 _sq._;
on the rise of the Nile, 31 _n._ 1;
on the mournful character of the rites of sowing, 40 _sqq._;
his use of the Alexandrian year, 49, 84;
on an Egyptian ceremony at the winter solstice, 50 _n._ 4;
on the date of the death of Osiris, 84;
on the festival of Osiris in the month of Athyr, 91 _sq._;
on the dating of Egyptian festivals, 94 _sq._;
on the rites of Osiris, 108;
on the grave of Osiris, 111;
on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127;
on the Flamen Dialis, 229 _sq._;
on the Flaminica Dialis, 230 _n._ 2
Pluto, the breath of, i. 204, 205;
places or sanctuaries of, 204 _sqq._;
cave and temple of, at Acharaca, 205
_Plutonia_, places of Pluto, i. 204
Pollution of death, ii. 227 _sqq._
Polo, Marco, on custom of people of Camul, i. 39 _n._ 3
Polyboea, sister of Hyacinth, i. 314, 316;
identified with Artemis or Persephone, 315
Polyidus, a seer, i. 186 _n._ 4
Polynesian myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283
Pomegranate causes virgin to conceive, i. 263, 269
Pomegranates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280 _n._ 7
Pomona and Vertumnus, ii. 235 _n._ 6
Pompey the Great, i. 27
Pondomisi, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 177
Pontiffs, the Roman, their mismanagement of the Julian calendar, ii. 93
_n._ 1;
celebrated the marriage of Orcus, 231
Pontus, sacred prostitution in, i. 39, 58
Populonia, a Roman goddess, ii. 231
Port Darwin, Australia, i. 103
Porta Capena at Rome, i. 273
Poseidon the Establisher or Securer, i. 195 _sq._;
the earthquake god, 195, 202 _sq._
—— and Demeter, i. 280
Possession of priest or priestess by a divine spirit, i. 66, 68 _sq._, 72
_sqq._;
by the spirits of dead chiefs, ii. 192 _sq._
Potniae in Boeotia, priest of Dionysus killed at, ii. 99 _n._ 1
Pots of Basil on St. John’s Day in Sicily, i. 245
Potter in Southern India, custom observed by a, i. 191 _n._ 2
Potters in Uganda bake their pots when the moon is waxing, ii. 135
Praeneste, Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of, ii. 234;
founded by Caeculus, 235
Prague, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 73
Prayers to dead ancestors, ii. 175 _sq._, 178 _sq._, 183 _sq._;
to dead kings, 192
Pregnancy, causes of, unknown, i. 92 _sq._, 106 _sq._;
Australian beliefs as to the causes of, 99 _sqq._
Priestess identified with goddess, i. 219;
head of the State under a system of mother-kin, ii. 203
Priestesses more important than priests, i. 45, 46
Priesthood vacated on death of priest’s wife, i. 45;
of Hercules at Tarsus, 143
Priestly dynasties of Asia Minor, i. 140 _sq._
—— king and queen personating god and goddess, i. 45
—— kings, i. 42, 43;
of Olba, 143 _sqq._, 161;
Adonis personated by, 223 _sqq._
Priests personate gods, i. 45, 46 _sqq._;
tattoo-marks of, 74 _n._ 4;
not allowed to be widowers, ii. 227 _sqq._;
the Jewish, their rule as to the pollution of death, 230;
dressed as women, 253 _sqq._
—— of Astarte, kings as, i. 26
—— of Attis, the emasculated, i. 265, 266
—— of Zeus at the Corycian cave, i. 145, 155
Procession to the Almo in the rites of Attis, i. 273
Processions carved on rocks at Boghaz-Keui, i. 129 _sqq._;
in honour of Adonis, 224 _sq._, 227 _n._, 236 _n._ 1
Procreation, savage ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 _sq._
Procris, her incest with her father Erechtheus, i. 44
Profligacy of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, i. 48
Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, ii. 203 _n._
1;
landed, combined with mother-kin tends to increase the social importance
of women, 209
Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, i. 75
Prophet regarded as madman, i. 77
Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, ii. 192 _sq._;
inspired by gods, 207
Prophetic inspiration under the influence of music, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._,
74;
through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 _sq._
—— marks on body, i. 74
—— water drunk on St. John’s Eve, i. 247
Prophets in relation to _ḳedeshim_, i. 76;
or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, ii. 171, 172
——, Hebrew, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 _sq._
Prophets of Israel, their religious and moral reform, i. 24 _sq._
Propitiation of deceased ancestors, i. 46
Prostitution, sacred, before marriage, in Western Asia, i. 36 _sqq._;
suggested origin of, 39 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 57 _sqq._;
in India, 61 _sqq._;
in Africa, 65 _sqq._
—— of unmarried girls in the Pelew Islands, ii. 264 _sq._;
in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, 265 _sq._
Provence, bathing at Midsummer in, i. 248
Prussia, customs at ploughing and harvest in, i. 238;
divination at Midsummer in, 252 _sq._
Pteria, captured by Croesus, i. 128
Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, i. 43
Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in honour of, ii. 35 _n._ 1
Ptolemy I. and Serapis, ii. 119 _n._
Ptolemy III. Euergetes, his attempt to correct the vague Egyptian year by
intercalation, ii. 27
Ptolemy V. on the Rosetta Stone, ii. 152 _n._
Ptolemy Soter, i. 264 _n._ 4
Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 54
Pumi-yathon, king of Citium and Idalium, i. 50
Punjaub, belief in the reincarnation of infants in the, i. 94
Puppet substituted for human victim, i. 219 _sq._
Purification by fire, i. 115 _n._ 1, 179 _sqq._;
by pig’s blood, 299 _n._ 2;
of Apollo at Tempe, ii. 240 _sq._
Purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 _sq._
Pyanepsion, an Athenian month, ii. 41
Pygmalion, king of Citium and Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50
——, king of Cyprus, i. 41, 49
——, king of Tyre, i. 50
—— and Aphrodite, i. 49 _sq._
Pymaton of Citium, i. 50 _n._ 2
Pyramid Texts, ii. 4 _sqq._, 9 _n._;
intended to ensure the life of dead Egyptian kings, 4 _sq._;
Osiris and the sycamore in the, 110;
the mention of Khenti-Amenti in the, 198 _n._ 2
Pyramus, river in Cilicia, i. 165, 167, 173
Pyre at festivals of Hercules, i. 116;
at Tarsus, 126;
of dead kings at Jerusalem, 177 _sq._
—— or Torch, name of great festival at the Syrian Hierapolis, i. 146
Pythian games, their period, ii. 242 _n._ 1
Python worshipped by the Baganda, i. 86
—— -god, human wives of the, i. 66
Pythons worshipped in West Africa, i. 83 _n._ 1;
dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193
“Quail-hunt,” legend on coins of Tarsus, i. 126 _n._ 2
Quails sacrificed to Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 _sq._;
migration of, 112
Quatuordecimans of Phrygia celebrate the Crucifixion on March 25th, i. 307
_n._
Queen of Egypt the wife of Ammon, i. 72
—— of Heaven, i. 303 _n._ 5;
incense burnt in honour of the, 228
Queensland, aborigines of, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i.
102 _sq._
Quirinus and Hora, ii. 233
Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, ii. 6, 8, 12;
identified with many originally independent local deities, 122 _sqq._
Rabbah, captured by David, i. 19
Rabbis, burnings for dead Jewish, i. 178 _sq._
Rain procured by bones of the dead, i. 22;
excessive, ascribed to wrath of God, 22 _sq._;
instrumental in rebirth of dead infants, 95;
regarded as the tears of gods, ii. 33;
thought to be controlled by the souls of dead chiefs, 188
—— -charm in rites of Adonis, i. 237;
by throwing water on the last corn cut, 237 _sq._
—— -god represented with tears running from his eyes, ii. 33 _n._ 3
Rainbow totem, i. 101
Rainless summer on the Mediterranean, i. 159 _sq._
Rajaraja, king, i. 61
Rajputana, gardens of Adonis in, i. 241 _sq._
Rambree, sorcerers dressed as women in the island of, ii. 254
Rameses II., his treaty with the Hittites, i. 135 _sq._;
his order to the Nile, ii. 33
Ramman, Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder, i. 163 _sq._
Rams, testicles of, in the rites of Attis, i. 269
Ramsay, Sir W. M., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 134 _n._ 1,
137 _n._ 4;
on priest-dynasts of Asia Minor, 140 _n._ 2;
on the god Tark, 147 _n._ 3;
on the name Olba, 148 _n._ 1;
on _Hierapolis_ and _Hieropolis_, 168 _n._ 2;
on Attis and Men, 284 _n._ 5;
on cruel death of the human representative of a god in Phrygia, 285
_sq._
Raoul-Rochette on Asiatic deities with lions, i. 138 _n._;
on the burning of doves to Adonis, 147 _n._ 1;
on apotheosis by death in the fire, 180 _n._ 1
Ratumaimbulu, Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90
Readjustment of Egyptian festivals, ii. 91 _sqq._
Reapers, Egyptian, their lamentations, i. 232, ii. 45;
invoke Isis, 117
Rebirth of infants, means taken to ensure the, i. 91, 93 _sqq._;
of the dead, precautions taken to prevent, 92 _sq._;
of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 _sq._
Red the colour of Lower Egypt, ii. 21 _n._ 1
—— -haired men burnt by Egyptians, ii. 97, 106
Reform, the prophetic, in Israel, i. 24 _sq._
Reformations of Hezekiah and Josiah, i. 25
Rehoboam, King, his family, i. 51 _n._ 2
Reincarnation of the dead, i. 82 _sqq._;
in America, 91;
in Australia, 99 _sqq._
Rekub-el, Syrian god, i. 16
Relations, spirits of near dead, worshipped, i. 175, 176;
at death become gods, ii. 180
Religion, volcanic, i. 188 _sqq._;
how influenced by mother-kin, ii. 202 _sqq._
—— and magic, combination of, i. 4;
and music, 53 _sq._
Religious ideals a product of the male imagination, ii. 211
—— systems, great permanent, founded by great men, ii. 159 _sq._
Remission of sins through the shedding of blood, i. 299
Remus, the birth of, ii. 235
Renan, E., on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 _n._ 1;
his excavations at Byblus, 14 _n._ 1;
on Adom-melech, 17;
on the vale of the Adonis, 29 _n._;
on the burnings for the kings of Judah, 178 _n._ 1;
on the discoloration of the river Adonis, 225 _n._ 4;
on the worship of Adonis, 235
Renouf, Sir P. le Page, on Osiris as the sun, ii. 126
Resemblance of the rites of Adonis to the festival of Easter, i. 254
_sqq._, 306
Resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as diabolic
counterfeits, i. 302, 309 _sq._
Reshef, Semitic god, i. 16 _n._ 1
Resurrection of the dead conceived on the pattern of the resurrection of
Osiris, ii. 15 _sq._
—— of Attis at the vernal equinox, i. 272 _sq._, 307 _sq._
—— of Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 _sq._
—— of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85;
depicted on the monuments, 89 _sq._;
date of its celebration at Rome, 95 _n._ 1;
symbolized by the setting up of the _ded_ pillar, 109
Resurrection of Tylon, i. 186 _sq._
Rhine, bathing in the, on St. John’s Eve, i. 248
Rhodes described by Strabo, i. 195 _n._ 3;
worship of Helen in, 292
Rhodesia, Northern, the Bantu tribes of, their worship of ancestral
spirits, ii. 174 _sqq._;
their worship of dead chiefs or kings, 191 _sqq._
Rhodians, the Venetians of antiquity, i. 195
Rice, the soul of the, in the first sheaf cut, ii. 239
Ridgeway, Professor W., on the marriage of brothers with sisters, ii. 216
_n._ 1
Rites of irrigation in Egypt, ii. 33 _sqq._;
of sowing, 40 _sqq._;
of harvest, 45 _sqq._
Ritual, children of living parents in, ii. 236 _sqq._;
of the Bechuanas at founding a new town, 249
—— of Adonis, i. 223 _sqq._
Rivers as the seat of worship of deities, i. 160;
bathing in, at Midsummer, 246, 248, 249;
gods worshipped beside, 289
Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., as to Melanesian theory of conception in women, i.
97 _sq._;
on the sacred dairyman of the Todas, ii. 228
Rizpah and her sons, i. 22
Robinson, Edward, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29 _n._
Roccacaramanico, in the Abruzzi, Easter ceremonies at, i. 256 _n._ 2
Rock-hewn sculptures at Ibreez, i. 121 _sq._;
at Boghaz-Keui, 129 _sqq._
Rockhill, W. Woodville, on dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 _n._ 2
Rohde, E., on purification by blood, i. 299 _n._ 2;
on Hyacinth, 315
Roman deities called “Father” and “Mother,” ii. 233 _sqq._
—— emperor, funeral pyre of, i. 126 _sq._
—— expiation for prodigies, ii. 244
—— financial oppression, i. 301 _n._ 2
—— _genius_ symbolized by a serpent, i. 86
—— gods, the marriage of the, ii. 230 _sqq._;
compared to Greek gods, 235
—— law, revival of, i. 301
—— marriage custom, ii. 245
—— mythology, fragments of, ii. 235, with _n._ 6
Romans adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, i. 265;
correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27 _sq._
Rome, high-priest of Cybele at, i. 285;
the celebration of the resurrection of Osiris at, ii. 95 _n._ 1
Romulus cut in pieces, ii. 98;
the birth of, 235
Roper River, in Australia, i. 101
Roscoe, Rev. John, on serpent-worship, i. 86 _n._ 1;
on the rebirth of the dead, 92 _sq._;
on potters in Uganda, ii. 135;
on the religion of the Bahima, 190 _sq._;
on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, 196;
on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, 196 _sq._;
on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, 226
Rose, the white, dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, i. 226
Rosetta stone, the inscription, ii. 27, 152 _n._
Roth, W. E., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103
_n._ 2
Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, i. 207, 209 _n._
Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, ii. 173
Rules of life based on a theory of lunar influence, ii. 132 _sqq._, 140
_sqq._
Rumina, a Roman goddess, ii. 231
Runes, how Odin learned the magic, i. 290
Russia, annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 75 _sqq._
Russian Midsummer custom, i. 250 _sq._
Rustic Calendars, the Roman, ii. 95 _n._ 1
Sabazius, mysteries of, i. 90 _n._ 4
Sacrament in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._
Sacred harlots in Asia Minor, i. 141
—— marriage of priest and priestess as representing god and goddess, i. 46
_sqq._;
represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 140;
in Cos, ii. 259 _n._ 4
“—— men” (_kedeshim_), at Jerusalem, i. 17 _sq._;
and women, 57 _sqq._;
in West Africa, 65 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, 72 _sqq._;
at Andania, 76 _n._ 3
—— prostitution, i. 36 _sqq._;
suggested origin of, 39 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 55 _sqq._;
in India, 61 _sqq._;
in West Africa, 65 _sqq._
—— slaves, i. 73, 79
—— stocks and stones among the Semites, i. 107 _sqq._
—— women in India, i. 61 _sqq._;
in West Africa, 65 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, 70 _sqq._;
at Andania, 76 _n._ 3
Sacrifice of virginity, i. 60;
of virility in the rites of Attis and Astarte, 268 _sq._, 270 _sq._;
other cases of, 270 _n._ 2;
nutritive and vicarious types of, ii. 226
Sacrifices to earthquake god, i. 201, 202;
to volcanoes, 218 _sqq._;
to the dead distinguished from sacrifices to the gods, 316 _n._ 1;
offered at the rising of Sirius, ii. 36 _n._;
offered in connexion with irrigation, 38 _sq._;
to dead kings, 101, 162, 166 _sq._;
to ancestral spirits, 175, 178 _sq._, 180, 181 _sq._, 183 _sq._, 190;
of animals to prolong the life of kings, 221;
without shedding of blood, 222 _n._ 2
Sacrifices, human, offered at earthquakes, i. 201;
offered to Dionysus, ii. 98 _sq._;
at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168;
to dead kings, 173;
to dead chiefs, 191;
to prolong the life of kings, 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._
Sadyattes, son of Cadys, viceroy of Lydia, i. 183
Saffron at the Corycian cave, i. 154, 187
Sago, magic for the growth of, ii. 101
Sahagun, B. de, on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._
St. Denys, his seven heads, ii. 12
St. George in Syria, reputed to bestow offspring on women, i. 78, 79, 90;
festival of, and the Parilia, 308, 309
St. John, Sweethearts of, in Sardinia, i. 244 _sq._
St. John, Spenser, on reasons for head-hunting in Sarawak, i. 296
St. John’s Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), custom of bathing on, i. 246
_sqq._
—— Midsummer festival in Sardinia, i. 244 _sq._
—— wort gathered at Midsummer, i. 252 _sq._
St. Kilda, All Saints’ Day in, ii. 80
St. Luke, the festival of, on October 18th, ii. 55
Saint-Maries, Midsummer custom at, i. 248
S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of the Crucifixion in Gaul, i. 307 _n._
St. Michael in Alaska, ii. 51
St. Simon and St. Jude’s day, October 28th, ii. 74
St. Vitus, festival of, i. 252
Saintonge, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69
Saints as the givers of children to women, i. 78 _sq._, 91, 109
Sais, the festival of, ii. 49 _sqq._
Sakkara, pyramids at, ii. 4
_Sal_ tree, festival of the flower of the, i. 47
Salacia and Neptune, ii. 231, 233
Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, i. 145;
dynasty of Teucrids at, 145
Salem, Melchizedek, king of, i. 17
Salii, priests of Mars, rule as to their election, ii. 244
Salono, a Hindoo festival, i. 243 _n._ 1
Salvation of the individual soul, importance attached to, in Oriental
religions, i. 300
Samagitians, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 75
Samal, in North-Western Syria, i. 16
Samaria, the fall of, i. 25
Samoa, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200
Samuel consulted about asses, i. 75;
meaning of the name, 79
—— and Saul, i. 22
San Juan Capistrano, the Indians of, their ceremony at the new moon, ii.
142
Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, i. 144
Sandacus, a Syrian, i. 41
Sandan of Tarsus, i. 124 _sqq._;
the burning of, 117 _sqq._, 126;
identified with Hercules, 125, 143, 161;
monument of, at Tarsus, 126 _n._ 2
—— (Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and Cilician god of fertility, i. 125
—— and Baal at Tarsus, i. 142 _sq._, 161
Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian and Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184,
185;
a Cilician name, 182
Sandu’arri, a Cilician king, i. 144
Santa Felicita, successor of Mefitis, i. 205
Santiago Tepehuacan, Indians of, their custom at sowing, i. 239;
their annual festival of the dead, ii. 55
Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity, i. 195
Sappho on the mourning for Adonis, i. 6 _n._ 2
Saracus, last king of Assyria, i. 174
Sarawak, head-hunting in, i. 295 _sq._
Sardanapalus, monument of, at Tarsus, i. 126 _n._ 2;
his monument at Anchiale, 172;
the burning of, 172 _sqq._;
the effeminate, ii. 257
—— and Hercules, i. 172 _sqq._
Sardes, captured by Cyrus, i. 174;
lion carried round acropolis of, i. 184, ii. 249
Sardinia, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244 _sq._
Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, i. 243
Sarpedonian Artemis, i. 167, 171
Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, i. 201
Saturn, the husband of Ops, ii. 233
—— and Lua, ii. 233
Saturn’s period of revolution round the sun, ii. 151 _sq._
Saturnine temperament of the farmer, ii. 218
Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the,
ii. 255
Saul, burial of, i. 177 _n._ 4
—— and David, i. 21
Saul’s madness soothed by music, i. 53, 54
Savages lament for the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 43 _sq._
Sâwan, Indian month, i. 242
Saxons of Transylvania, harvest custom of the, i. 238
Sayce, A. H., on kings of Edom, i. 16;
on name of David, 19 _n._ 2
Schäfer, H., on the tomb of Osiris at Abydos, ii. 198 _n._ 1
Schlanow, in Brandenburg, custom at sowing at, i. 238 _sq._
Schloss, Mr. Francis S., on the rule as to the felling of timber in
Colombia, ii. 136 _n._ 4
Schwegler, A., on the death of Romulus, ii. 98 _n._ 2
Scipio, his fabulous birth, i. 81
Scorpions, Isis and the, ii. 8
Scotland, harvest custom in, i. 237
Scottish Highlanders on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140
Scythian king, human beings and horses sacrificed at his grave, i. 293
Scythians, their belief in immortality, i. 294;
their treatment of dead enemies, 294 _n._ 3
Sea, custom of bathing in the, on St. John’s Day or Eve, i. 246, 248
—— Dyaks or Ibans of Borneo, their worship of serpents, i. 83;
their festivals of the dead, ii. 56 _sq._;
effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, 253, 256
—— Dyaks of Sarawak, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 295 _sq._
Season of festival a clue to the nature of a deity, ii. 24
Seasons, magical and religious theories of the, i. 3 _sq._
Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, i. 283 _n._ 3, ii. 6
Secret graves of kings, chiefs, and magicians, ii. 103 _sqq._
Sed festival in Egypt, ii. 151 _sqq._;
its date perhaps connected with the heliacal rising of Sirius, 152
_sq._;
apparently intended to renew the king’s life by identifying him with the
dead and risen Osiris, 153 _sq._
Segera, a sago magician of Kiwai, dismembered after death, ii. 101, 102
Seker (Sokari), title of Osiris, ii. 87
Seler, Professor E., on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._
Seleucus, a grammarian, i. 146 _n._ 1
—— Nicator, king, i. 151
—— the Theologian, i. 146 _n._ 1
Self-mutilation of Attis and his priests, i. 265
Seligmann, Dr. C. G., on the five supplementary Egyptian days, ii. 6 _n._
3;
on the divinity of Shilluk kings, 161 _n._ 2;
on custom of putting Shilluk kings to death, 163
Selwanga, python-god of Baganda, i. 86
Semiramis at Hierapolis, i. 162 _n._ 2;
as a form of Ishtar (Astarte), 176 _sq._;
said to have burnt herself, 176 _sq._;
the mythical, a form of the great Asiatic goddess, ii. 258
Semites, agricultural, worship Baal as the giver of fertility, i. 26
_sq._;
sacred stocks and stones among the, 107 _sqq._;
traces of mother-kin among the, ii. 213
Semitic gods, uniformity of their type, i. 119
—— kings, the divinity of, i. 15 _sqq._;
as hereditary deities, 51
—— language, Egyptian language akin to the, ii. 161 _n._ 1
—— personal names indicating relationship to a deity, i. 51
—— worship of Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 _sqq._
_Semlicka_, festival of the dead among the Letts, ii. 74
Seneca, on the offerings of Egyptian priests to the Nile, ii. 40;
on the marriage of the Roman gods, 231;
on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233
Senegal and Niger region of West Africa, belief as to conception without
sexual intercourse in, i. 93 _n._ 2;
myth of marriage of Sky and Earth in the, 282 _n._ 2
Senegambia, the Mandingoes of, ii. 141
Sennacherib, his siege of Jerusalem, i. 25;
said to have built Tarsus, 173 _n._ 4
Separation of Earth and Sky, myth of the, i. 283
Serapeum at Alexandria, ii. 119 _n._;
its destruction, 217
Serapis, the later form of Osiris, ii. 119 _n._;
the rise of the Nile attributed to, 216 _sq._;
the standard cubit kept in his temple, 217
Serpent as the giver of children, i. 86;
at rites of initiation, 90 _n._ 4
—— -god married to human wives, i. 66 _sqq._;
thought to control the crops, 67
Serpents reputed the fathers of human beings, i. 80 _sqq._;
as embodiments of Aesculapius, 80 _sq._;
worshipped in Mysore, 81 _sq._;
as reincarnations of the dead, 82 _sqq._;
fed with milk, 84 _sqq._, 87;
thought to have knowledge of life-giving plants, 186;
souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 163, 173
Servius, on the death of Attis, i. 264 _n._ 4;
on the marriage of Orcus, ii. 231;
on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233
—— Tullius, begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235
Sesostris, so-called monument of, i. 185
Set, or Typhon, brother of Osiris, ii. 6;
murders Osiris, 7 _sq._;
accuses Osiris before the gods, 17;
brings a suit of bastardy against Horus, 17;
his combat with Horus, 17;
reigns over Upper Egypt, 17;
torn in pieces, 98.
_See also_ Typhon
Sety I., King of Egypt, ii. 108
Shamash, Babylonian sun-god, his human wives, i. 71
—— Semitic god, i. 16 _n._ 1
Shamashshumukin, King of Babylon, burns himself, i. 173 _sq._, 176
Shammuramat, Assyrian queen, i. 177 _n._ 1
Shans of Burma, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198;
cut bamboos for building in the wane of the moon, ii. 136
Shark-shaped hero, i. 139 _n._ 1
Sheaf, the first cut, ii. 239
Sheep to be shorn when the moon is waxing, ii. 134;
to be shorn in the waning of the moon, 134 _n._ 3
_Sheitan dere_, the Devil’s Glen, in Cilicia, i. 150
Shenty, Egyptian cow-goddess, ii. 88
Shifting dates of Egyptian festivals, ii. 24 _sq._
Shilluk kings put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163
Shilluks, their worship of dead kings, ii. 161 _sq._;
their worship of Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, 162 _sqq._
Shoulders of medicine-men especially sensitive, i. 74 _n._ 4
Shouting as a means of stopping earthquakes, i. 197 _sqq._
Shropshire, feast of All Souls in, ii. 78
Shu, Egyptian god of light, i. 283 _n._ 3
Shuswap Indians of British Columbia eat nutlets of pines, i. 278 _n._ 2
Siam, catafalque burnt at funeral of king of, i. 179;
annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65
Siao, children sacrificed to volcano in, i. 219
Sibitti-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14
Sibyl, the Grotto of the, at Marsala, i. 247
Sibylline Books, i. 265
Sicily, Syrian prophet in, i. 74;
fossil bones in, 157;
hot springs in, 213;
gardens of Adonis in, 245, 253 _sq._;
divination at Midsummer in, 254;
Good Friday ceremonies in, 255 _sq._
Sick people resort to cave of Pluto, i. 205 _sq._
Sicyon, shrine of Aesculapius at, i. 81
Sidon, kings of, as priests of Astarte, i. 26
_Siem_, king, among the Khasis of Assam, ii. 210 _n._ 1
Sigai, hero in form of shark, i. 139 _n._ 1
Sihanaka, the, of Madagascar, funeral custom of the, ii. 246
Sinai, “Mistress of Turquoise” at, i. 35
Sinews of sacrificial ox cut, ii. 252
Sins, the remission of, through the shedding of blood, i. 299
Sinsharishkun, last king of Assyria, i. 174
Sipylus, Mother Plastene on Mount, i. 185
Siriac or Sothic period, ii. 36
Sirius (the Dog-star), observed by Egyptian astronomers, ii. 27;
called Sothis by the Egyptians, 34;
date of its rising in ancient Egypt, 34;
heliacal rising of, on July 20th, 34 _n._ 1, 93;
its rising marked the beginning of the sacred Egyptian year, 35;
its rising observed in Ceos, 35 _n._ 1;
sacrifices offered at its rising on the top of Mount Pelion, 36 _n._
—— the star of Isis, ii. 34, 119;
in connexion with the Sed festival, 152 _sq._
Sis in Cilicia, i. 144
Sister of a god, i. 51
Sisters, kings marry their, i. 316
Sizu in Cilicia, i. 144
Skin, bathing in dew at Midsummer as remedy for diseases of the, i. 247,
248;
of ox stuffed and set up, 296 _sq._;
body of Egyptian dead placed in a bull’s, ii. 15 _n._ 2;
of sacrificial victim used in the rite of the new birth, 155 _sq._
Skinner, Principal J., on the burnt sacrifice of children, ii. 219
Skins of human victims, uses made of, i. 293;
of horses stuffed and set up at graves, 293, 294
Skull, drinking out of a king’s, in order to be inspired by his spirit,
ii. 171
Sky conceived by the Egyptians as a cow, i. 283 _n._ 3
—— and earth, myth of their violent separation, i. 283
—— -god, Attis as a, i. 282 _sqq._;
married to Earth-goddess, 282, with _n._ 2;
mutilation of the, 283
Slaughter of prisoners often a sacrifice to the gods, i. 290 _n._ 2
Slave Coast of West Africa, sacred men and women on the, i. 65, 68;
Ewe-speaking peoples of the, 83 _n._ 1
Slaves, sacred, in Western Asia, i. 39 _n._ 1
Slaying of the Dragon by Apollo at Delphi, ii. 240 _sq._
Sleep of the god in winter, ii. 41
Smell, evil, used to avert demons, ii. 261
Smeroe, Mount, volcano in Java, i. 221
Smith, George Adam, on fertility of Bethlehem, i. 257 _n._ 3
Smith, W. Robertson, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 _n._ 1;
on anointing as consecration, 21 _n._ 3;
on Baal as god of fertility, 26 _sq._;
on caves in Semitic religion, 169 _n._ 3;
on Tophet, 177 _n._ 4;
on the predominance of goddesses over gods in early Semitic religion,
ii. 213;
on the sacrifice of children to Moloch, 220 _n._ 1
Smoking as a mode of inducing inspiration, ii. 172
Snake-entwined goddess found at Gournia, i. 88
Snakes as fathers of human beings, i. 82;
fed with milk, 84 _sqq._
_See also_ Serpents
Snorri Sturluson, on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, ii. 100
Sobk, a crocodile-shaped Egyptian god, identified with the sun, ii. 123
_Sochit_ or _Sochet_, epithet of Isis, ii. 117
Society, ancient, built on the principle of the subordination of the
individual to the community, i. 300
Socrates (church historian) on sacred prostitution, i. 37 _n._ 2
Söderblom, N., on an attempted reform of the old Iranian religion, ii. 83
_n._ 2
Sodom and Gomorrah, the destruction of, i. 222 _n._ 1
Soerakarta, district of Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202
_n._ 1
Sokari (Seker), a title of Osiris, ii. 87
_Sol invictus_, i. 304 _n._ 1
_Solanum campylanthum_, ii. 47
Solomon, King, puts Adoni-jah to death, i. 51 _n._ 2
——, the Baths of, i. 78;
in Moab, 215 _sq._
Solstice, the summer, the Nile rises at the, ii. 31 _n._ 1, 33
——, the winter, reckoned the Nativity of the Sun, i. 303;
Egyptian ceremony at, ii. 50
Somali, marriage custom of the, ii. 246, 247
Son of a god, i. 51
Sons of God, i. 78 _sqq._
Sophocles on the burning of Hercules, i. 111
Sorcerers or priests, order of effeminate, ii. 253 _sqq._
Sorrowful One, the vaults of the, ii. 41
Sothic or Siriac period, ii. 36
Sothis, Egyptian name for the star Sirius, ii. 34.
_See_ Sirius
Soul of a tree in a bird, ii. 111 _n._ 1;
of the rice in the first sheaf cut, 239
“—— of Osiris,” a bird, ii. 110
—— -cakes eaten at the feast of All Souls in Europe, ii. 70, 71 _sq._, 73,
78 _sqq._
“Souling,” custom of, on All Souls’ Day in England, ii. 79
“—— Day” in Shropshire, ii. 78
Souls of the dead, reincarnation of the, i. 91 _sqq._;
brought back among the Gonds, 95 _sq._
——, feasts of All, ii. 51 _sqq._
South Slavs, devices of women to obtain offspring, i. 96;
marriage customs of, ii. 246
Sowers and ploughmen drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 _sq._
Sowing, Prussian custom at, i. 238 _sq._;
rites of, ii. 40 _sqq._
—— and ploughing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87, 90, 96;
and planting, regulated by the phases of the moon, 133 _sqq._
Sozomenus, church historian, on sacred prostitution, i. 37
Spain, bathing on St. John’s Eve in, i. 248
Sparta destroyed by an earthquake, i. 196 _n._ 4
Spartans, their attempt to stop an earthquake, i. 196
—— their flute-band, i. 196
—— their uniform red, i. 196
—— at Thermopylae, i. 197 _n._ 1
—— their regard for the full moon, ii. 141
—— their brides dressed as men on the wedding night, ii. 260
Spencer, Baldwin, on reincarnation of the dead, i. 100 _n._ 3
Spencer, B., and Gillen, F. J., on Australian belief in conception without
sexual intercourse, i. 99
Spermus, king of Lydia, i. 183
Spieth, J., on the Ewe peoples, i. 70 _n._ 2
Spirit animals supposed to enter women and be born from them, i. 97 _sq._
—— -children left by ancestors, i. 100 _sq._
Spirits supposed to consort with women, i. 91;
of ancestors in the form of animals, 83;
of forefathers thought to dwell in rivers, ii. 38
—— of dead chiefs worshipped by the whole tribe, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179,
181 _sq._, 187;
thought to control the rain, 188;
prophesy through living men and women, 192 _sq._;
reincarnated in animals, 193.
_See also_ Ancestral spirits
Spring called Persephone, ii. 41
Springs, worship of hot, i. 206 _sqq._;
bathing in, at Midsummer, 246, 247, 248, 249
Staffordshire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79
Standard, Egyptian, resembling a placenta, ii. 156 _n._ 1
Stanikas, male children of sacred prostitutes, i. 63
Star of Bethlehem, i. 259
—— of Salvation, i. 258
—— -spangled cap of Attis, i. 284
Steinn in Hringariki, barrow of Halfdan at, ii. 100
_Stella Maris_, an epithet of the Virgin Mary, ii. 119
Stengel, P., on sacrificial ritual of Eleusis, i. 292 _n._ 3
Stlatlum Indians of British Columbia respect the animals and plants which
they eat, ii. 44
Stocks, sacred, among the Semites, i. 107 _sqq._
Stones, holed, custom of passing through, i. 36;
to commemorate the dead, ii. 203
——, sacred, anointed, i. 36;
among the Semites, 107 _sqq._;
among the Khasis, 108 _n._ 1
Strabo, on the concubines of Ammon, i. 72;
on Albanian moon-god, 73 _n._ 4;
on Castabala, 168 _n._ 6;
his description of the Burnt Land of Lydia, 193;
on the frequency of earthquakes at Philadelphia, 195;
his description of Rhodes, 195 _n._ 3;
on Nysa, 206 _n._ 1;
on the priests of Pessinus, 286
Stratonicea in Caria, eunuch priest at, i. 270 _n._ 2;
rule as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227 _sq._
String music in religion, i. 54
Su-Mu, a tribe of Southern China, said to be governed by a woman, ii. 211
_n._ 2
Subordination of the individual to the community, the principle of ancient
society, i. 300
Substitutes for human sacrifices, i. 146 _sq._, 219 _sq._, 285, 289, ii.
99, 221
Succession to the crown under mother-kin (female kinship), i. 44, ii. 18,
210 _n._ 1
Sudan, the negroes of, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141
Sudanese, their conduct in an earthquake, i. 198
_Suffetes_ of Carthage, i. 116
Sugar-bag totem, i. 101
Suicides, custom observed at graves of, i. 93;
ghosts of, feared, 292 _n._ 3
Suk, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85
Sulla at Aedepsus, i. 212
Sumatra, the Bataks of, i. 199, ii. 239;
the Loeboes of, 264
Sumba, East Indian island, annual festival of the New Year and of the dead
in, ii. 55 _sq._