Bar-rekub, king of Samal, i. 15 _sq._
Baralongs, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 179
Barea and Kunama, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66
Barley forced for festival, i. 240, 241, 242, 244, 251 _sq._
—— and wheat discovered by Isis, ii. 116
Barotse, a Bantu tribe of the Zambesi, their belief in a supreme god
Niambe, ii. 193;
their worship of dead kings, 194 _sq._
Barren women resort to graves in order to get children, i. 90;
entice souls of dead children to them, 94
Barrenness of women cured by passing through holed stone, i. 36, with _n._
4;
removed by serpent, 86;
children murdered as a remedy for, 95
Barrows of Halfdan, ii. 100
Barsom, bundle of twigs used by Parsee priests, i. 191 _n._ 2
Barth, H., on sculptures at BoghazKeui, i. 133 _n._ 1
Basil, pots of, on St. John’s Day in Sicily, i. 245
Basuto chiefs buried secretly, ii. 104
Basutos, worship of the dead among the, ii. 179 _sq._
Bataks of Sumatra, their theory of earthquakes, i. 199 _sq._
Batara-guru, the Batak creator, i. 199 _sq._
Bath in river at the rites of Cybele, i. 273, 274 _n._;
of bull’s blood in the rites of Attis, 274 _sqq._;
of image of Cybele perhaps a rain-charm, 280
—— of Aphrodite, i. 280
—— of Demeter, i. 280
—— of Hera in the river Burrha, i. 280;
in the spring of Canathus, 280
Bathing on St. John’s Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), i. 246 _sqq._;
pagan origin of the custom, 249
Baths of Hercules, i. 212
—— of Solomon in Moab, i. 215
Batoo Bedano, an earthquake god, i. 202
Battle, purificatory ceremonies after a, ii. 251 _sq._
—— of the gods and giants, i. 157
Baudissin, W. W. Graf von, on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 _n._ 1;
on Adonis as the personification of the spring vegetation, 228 _n._ 6;
on summer festival of Adonis, 232 _n._
Bavaria, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244
Bawenda, the, of South Africa, the positions of their villages hidden, ii.
251
Bearded Venus, in Cyprus, i. 165, ii. 259 _n._ 3
Beaufort, F., on perpetual flame in Lycia, i. 222 _n._
Bechuana ritual at founding a new town, ii. 249
Bechuanas, their sacrifice of a blind bull on various occasions, ii. 249,
250 _sq._
Bede, on the feast of All Saints, ii. 83
Beech, M. W. H., on serpent-worship, i. 85
_Beena_ marriage in Ceylon, ii. 215
Begbie, General, i. 62 _n._
Bel or Marduk at Babylon, i. 71
Belgium, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70
Bellerophon and Pegasus, i. 302 _n._ 4
Bellona and Mars, ii. 231
Ben-hadad, king of Damascus, i. 15
Bendall, Professor C., i. 229 _n._ 1
Benefit of clergy, i. 68
Bengal, the Oraons and Mundas of, i. 46, 240
Benin, human victims crucified at, i. 294 _n._ 3
Bent, J. Theodore, discovers ruins of Olba, i. 151;
identifies site of Hieropolis-Castabala, 168 _n._ 1
Berecynthia, title of Cybele, i. 279 _n._ 4
Berenice and Ptolemy, annual festival in their honour, ii. 35 _n._ 1
Bes, Egyptian god, i. 118 _n._ 1
Bethlehem, worship of Adonis at, i. 257 _sqq._;
fertility of the neighbourhood, 257 _n._ 3;
the Star of, 259
Betsileo of Madagascar, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the
dead, i. 83
Bghais, a Karen tribe of Burma, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 60
_sq._
Bhâdon, Indian month, i. 243
Bharbhunjas, of the Central Provinces, India, marriage custom of the, ii.
262
Bharias, of the Central Provinces, India, exchange of costume between men
and women at marriage among the, ii. 260 _sq._
Bhujariya, festival in the Central Provinces of India, i. 242
Bilaspore, infant burial in, i. 94 _sq._;
annual festival of the dead in, ii. 60
Bion on the scarlet anemone, i. 226 _n._ 1
Bird, soul of a tree in a, ii. 111 _n._ 1
—— called “the soul of Osiris,” ii. 110
Birds burnt in honour of Artemis, i. 126 _n._ 2;
white, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162
Birks, Rev. E. B., on harvest custom at Orwell, i. 237 _n._ 4
Birth, new, through blood in rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._;
of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155 _sq._
Birthday of the Sun, the twenty-fifth of December, i. 303 _sqq._
Bisa chiefs reincarnated in pythons, ii. 193
Bishnois of the Punjaub, infant burial among the, i. 94
Bithynians invoke Attis, i. 282
Black-snake clan, i. 100
_Blay_, men’s clubhouse in the Pelew Islands, ii. 265
Blekinge, province of Sweden, Midsummer custom in, i. 251
Blind bull sacrificed at the foundation of a town, ii. 249;
sacrificed before an army going to war, 250
Blood, bath of bull’s, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sqq._;
remission of sins through the shedding of, 299;
used in expiation for homicide, 299 _n._ 2;
of pig used in exorcism and purification, 299 _n._ 2;
not to be shed in certain sacrifices, ii. 222 _n._ 2
Blood, the Day of, in the festival of Attis, i. 268, 285
Blowing of Trumpets in the festival of Attis, i. 268
Blue Spring, the, at Syracuse, i. 213 _n._ 1
Boar, Attis killed by a, i. 264
Bocage of Normandy, rule as to the clipping of wool in the, ii. 134 _n._ 3
Bodies of the dead, magical uses made of the, ii. 100 _sqq._;
guarded against mutilation, 103;
thought to be endowed with magical powers, 103, 104 _sq._
Bodroum in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 167
Boghaz-Keui, Hittite capital, excavations of H. Winckler at, i. 125 _n._;
situation and remains, 128 _sqq._;
the gods of, 128 _sqq._;
rock-hewn sculptures at, 129 _sqq._
Bohemia, May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, i. 250;
feast of All Souls in, ii. 72 _sq._
Bolivia, the Chiriguanos Indians of, ii. 143 _n._ 4, 145
Boloki, or Bangala, of the Upper Congo, their ceremonies at the new moon,
ii. 143;
attempt to deceive spirit of disease among the, 262
Bones of the dead used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 22;
of dead kings carried off or destroyed by enemies, ii. 103 _sq._
——, fossil, source of myths about giants, i. 157 _sq._
Bonfire on St. John’s Eve, dances round it, i. 245
_Book of the Dead_, ii. 13
Bor, the ancient Tyana, Hittite monument at, i. 122 _n._ 1
Borneo, custom of head-hunting in, i. 294 _sqq._;
effeminate sorcerers in, ii. 253, 256
Bosanquet, Professor R. C., on the Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250 _n._ 2
Bosman, W., on serpent-worship, i. 67
Bouche, Abbé, on West African priestesses, i. 66 _n._ 3, 69
Boys of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._;
dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, 260;
marriage customs to ensure the birth of, 262
Brahman marriage in Southern India, bride dressed as a boy at, ii. 260
Brazil, the Apinagos Indians of, ii. 145 _sqq._
Brazilian Indians, their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on
children, ii. 148
Bread, fast from, in mourning for Attis, i. 272
Breasted, Professor J. H., on the eye of Horus, ii. 121 _n._ 3;
on Amenophis IV., 123 _n._ 1;
on the Sed festival, 156 _n._ 1
Breath not to defile sacred flame, i. 191
Brethren of the Ploughed Fields (_Fratres Arvales_), a Roman college of
priests, ii. 239.
_See also_ Arval Brethren
“Bride” of the Nile, ii. 38
—— and Bridegroom at Midsummer in Sweden, i. 251
Bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, ii. 261
British Columbia, the Indians of, respect the animals and plants which
they eat, ii. 44
Brittany, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69;
belief as to warts and the moon in, 149
Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, i. 220 _sq._
Brother of a god, i. 51;
dead elder, worshipped, ii. 175
Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, i. 44;
in ancient Egypt, ii. 214 _sqq._;
their intention to keep the property in the family, 215 _sq._
Brown, A. R., on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the
causes of childbirth, i. 104 _sqq._
Brown, Dr. George, on snakes as reincarnations of chiefs, i. 84
Bruges, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70
Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, ii. 26 _n._ 1;
on the Sothic period, 37 _n._;
on the grave of Osiris at Philae, 111;
on Isis as a personified corn-field, 117
Buddha and Buddhism, ii. 159
Buddhism, spiritual declension of, i. 310 _sq._
Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, on goddess Net, i. 282 _n._;
on an Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15 _n._ 2;
on Isis, 115 _sq._;
on the nature of Osiris, 126 _n._ 2;
on the solar theory of Osiris, 131 _n._ 3;
on the historical reality of Osiris, 160 _n._ 1;
on Khenti-Amenti, 198 _n._ 2
Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children,
i. 104 _sq._
Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 253
_sq._
Bulgaria, marriage customs in, ii. 246
Bull as emblem of generative force, i. 123;
worshipped by the Hittites, 123, 132;
emblem of Hittite thunder-god, 134 _sqq._;
Hittite god standing on a, 135;
as emblem of a thunder-god, 136;
as symbol of thunder and fertility, 163 _sq._;
the emblem of the Father God, 164;
worshipped at Euyuk, 164;
testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, 276;
sacrificed at Egyptian funeral, ii. 15;
white, soul of dead king incarnate in a, 164;
sacrificed to prolong the life of a king, 222;
sacrificed to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, 238;
blinded and sacrificed at the foundation of a town, 249
Bull’s blood, bath of, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 _sq._
—— hide cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, ii.
249;
bride seated on a, 246
—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, ii. 15 _n._ 2
Bulls, husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, i. 163
—— sacrificed at caves of Pluto, i. 206;
sacrificed to Persephone, 213 _n._ 1;
sacrificed to dead chiefs, ii. 191
Burial at cross-roads, i. 93 _n._ 1
—— of infants to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 _sqq._;
at Gezer, 108 _sq._;
of Osiris in his rites, ii. 88
Burma, the Bghais of, ii. 60
Burmese, their conduct during an earthquake, i. 201
Burne, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson on “Souling Day” in Shropshire,
ii. 78 _sq._
Burning of Melcarth, i. 110 _sqq._;
of Sandan, 117 _sqq._;
of Cilician gods, 170 _sq._;
of Sardanapalus, 172 _sqq._;
of Croesus, 174 _sqq._;
of a god, 188 _sq._
Burnings for dead kings of Judah, i. 177 _sq._;
for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, 178
Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, i. 230 _sq._
Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, i. 179 _sq._
—— Land of Lydia, i. 193 _sq._
Burrha, river, Hera’s bath in the, i. 280
Buru, East Indian island, use of oil as a charm in, i. 21 _n._ 2
Busiris, backbone of Osiris at, ii. 11;
specially associated with Osiris, 18;
the ritual of, 86;
rites of Osiris at, 87 _sq._;
festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108;
temple of Usirniri at, 151
Busiro, the district containing the graves and temples of the kings of
Uganda, ii. 168, 169, 224
Bustard totem, i. 104
Buto, city in Egypt, ii. 10
Butterflies, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 164
Byblus, Adonis at, i. 13 _sqq._;
the kings of, 14 _sqq._;
mourning for Adonis at, 38;
religious prostitution at, 58;
inspired prophets at, 75 _sq._;
festival of Adonis at, 225;
Osiris and Isis at, ii. 9;
the queen of, 9;
Osiris associated with, 22 _sq._, 127;
its relation to Egypt, 127 _n._ 1
Byrsa, origin of the name, ii. 250
Cadmus turned into a snake, i. 86 _sq._;
perhaps personated by the Laurel-bearer at Thebes, ii. 241
——, Mount, i. 207
Cadys, a Lydian, i. 183
Caeculus, son of the fire-god Vulcan, ii. 235
Caesar introduces the Julian calendar, ii. 37;
as to German observation of the moon, 141
Caffre purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251 _sq._
Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, ii. 38, 39 _sq._
Calabar district, heads of chiefs buried secretly in the, ii. 104
Calabria, Easter custom in, i. 254
Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, i. 203 _n._ 2
Calendar, the natural, ii. 25
——, the Alexandrian, used by Plutarch, ii. 84
——, the Coptic, ii. 6 _n._ 3
——, the Egyptian, ii. 24 _sqq._;
date of its introduction, 36 _n._ 2
—— of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 30 _sqq._
—— of Esne, ii. 49 _sq._
—— of the Indians of Yucatan, ii. 28 _n._
——, the Julian, ii. 93 _n._ 1
—— of the ancient Mexicans, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28 _n._ 3
—— of Philocalus, i. 303 _n._ 2, 304 _n._ 3, ii. 95 _n._ 1
Calendars, the Roman Rustic, ii. 95 _n._ 1
California, the Karok Indians of, ii. 47;
the Indians of, their annual festivals of the dead, 52 _sq._
Californian Indians eat pine nuts, i. 278 _n._ 2;
their notion that the owl is the guardian of the “California big tree,”
ii. 111 _n._ 1
Callaway, Rev. Henry, on the worship of the dead among the Zulus, ii. 184
_sq._
Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, i. 214 _sqq._
Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232 _sq._
Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, i. 167 _n._ 2
Camasene and Janus, ii. 235 _n._ 6
Cambodia, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 61 _sq._
Cambridge, personal relics of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda,
preserved at, ii. 197
Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, i. 176 _n._ 2
Cameroon negroes, expiation for homicide among the, i. 299 _n._ 2
Camul, custom as to hospitality in, i. 39 _n._ 3
Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, i. 17
Canathus, Hera’s annual bath in the spring of, i. 280
Candaules, king of Lydia, i. 182, 183
Canicular year, a Sothic period, ii. 36 _n._ 2
Canopic decree, ii. 34 _n._ 1, 37 _n._, 88 _n._ 2
Canopus, the decree of, ii. 27
Capaneus and Evadne, i. 177 _n._ 3
Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of
children, i. 102
Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, i. 290 _n._
2
Capitol at Rome, ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, ii. 244
Cappadocia, volcanic region of, i. 189 _sqq._;
fire-worship in, 191 _sq._
Car Nicobar, exorcism in, i. 299 _n._ 2
Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, i. 123, 137 _n._ 2, 138 _n._
Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 80
Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, i. 182;
poisonous vapours in, 205 _sq._
Carians, their mourning for Osiris, ii. 86 _n._ 1
Caribs worshipped the moon in preference to the sun, ii. 138
Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, i. 229 _n._ 1
Carna and Janus, ii. 235 _n._ 6
Carnae, temples at, ii. 124;
the sculptures at, 154
Carnival at Rome in the rites of Attis, i. 273
—— custom in Thracian villages, ii. 99 _sq._
Carpini, de Plano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293
Carthage, legend and worship of Dido at, i. 113 _sq._;
Hamilcar worshipped at, 116;
the _suffetes_ of, 116 _n._ 1;
rites of Cybele at, 274 _n._;
the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, 298;
legend as to the foundation of, ii. 250
Casalis, E., on serpent-worship, i. 84;
on the worship of the dead among the Basutos, ii. 179 _sq._
Castabala in Cappadocia, i. 168
—— in Cilicia, worship of Perasian Artemis at, i. 115, 167 _sqq._
Castelnau, F. de, on the reverence of the Apinagos for the moon, ii. 146
_sq._
Castiglione a Casauria, in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246
Castor’s tune, i. 196 _n._ 3
Castration of Cronus and Uranus, i. 283;
of sky-god, suggested explanation of, 283;
of priests, suggested explanation of, 283 _sq._
Catafalque burnt at funeral of king of Siam, i. 179
Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, i. 194;
gardens of Adonis at, 245
Catholic Church, the ritual of the, i. 54;
ceremonies on Good Friday in the, 254, 255 _sq._
Cato, i. 43
Catullus on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, i. 270
Caucasus, the Albanians of the, i. 73;
the Chewsurs of the, ii. 65
Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, i. 181
Caverns of Demeter, i. 88
Caves, limestone, i. 152;
in Semitic religion, 169 _n._ 3
Cecrops, father of Agraulus, i. 145
Cedar forests of Cilicia, i. 149, 150 _n._ 1
—— sprung from the body of Osiris, ii. 110
—— -tree god, Osiris interpreted as a, ii. 109 _n._ 1
Celaenae, skin of Marsyas shown at, i. 288
Celebes, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200
——, Central, the Toradjas of, ii. 33
——, Southern, marriage custom in, ii. 260
Celenderis in Cilicia, i. 41
Celtic year reckoned from November 1st, ii. 81
Censorinus, on the date of the rising of Sirius, ii. 34 _n._ 1
Central Provinces of India, gardens of Adonis in the, i. 242 _sq._
Ceos, the rising of Sirius observed in, ii. 35 _n._ 1;
rule as to the pollution of death in, 227
Cereals cultivated in ancient Egypt, ii. 30
Ceremonies, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 _sqq._
Ceres married to Orcus, ii. 231
Ceylon, _beena_ marriage in, ii. 215
Chadwick, Professor H. M., ii. 81 _n._ 3;
on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, 100 _n._ 2;
on a priest dressed as a woman, 259 _n._ 2
Change in date of Egyptian festivals with the adoption of the fixed
Alexandrian year, ii. 92 _sqq._
Chants, plaintive, of corn-reapers in antiquity, ii. 45 _sq._
Charlemagne compared to Osiris, ii. 199
Charm, to protect a town, ii. 249 _sqq._
Charon, places of, i. 204, 205
_Charonia_, places of Charon, i. 204
Chastity, ceremonial, i. 43;
ordeal of, 115 _n._ 2
Chent-Ament (Khenti-Amenti), title of Osiris, ii. 87
Chephren, King of Egypt, his statue, ii. 21 _sq._
Cherokee Indians, their myth of the Old Woman of the corn, ii. 46 _sq._;
their lamentations after “the first working of the corn,” 47
Cheshire, All Souls’ Day in, ii. 79
Chewsurs of the Caucasus, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 65
Cheyne, T. K., on lament for kings of Judah, i. 20 _n._ 2
Chief, ancestral, reincarnate in snakes, i. 84
Chiefs in the Pelew Islands, custom of slaying, ii. 266 _sqq._
——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 _sq._, 187;
thought to control the rain, 188;
human sacrifices to, 191;
spirits of, prophesy through living men and women, 192 _sq._
“Child-stones,” where souls of dead await rebirth, i. 100
Childbirth, primitive ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 _sq._
Childless women expect offspring from St. George, i. 78;
resort to Baths of Solomon, 78;
receive offspring from serpent, 86;
resort to graves in order to secure offspring, 96;
resort to hot springs in Syria, 213 _sqq._
Children bestowed by saints, i. 78 _sq._;
given by serpent, 86;
murdered that their souls may be reborn in barren women, 95;
sacrificed to volcano in Siao, 219;
sacrificed at irrigation channels, ii. 38;
sacrificed by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;
presented to the moon, 144 _sqq._
—— of God, i. 68
—— of living parents in ritual, ii. 236 _sqq._;
apparently thought to be endowed with more vitality than others, 247
_sq._
Chili, earthquakes in, i. 202
Chimaera, Mount, in Lycia, perpetual fire on, i. 221
China, funeral of emperor of, i. 294
Chinese author on disturbance of earth-spirits by agriculture, i. 89
—— character compared to that of the ancient Egyptians, ii. 218
Chios, men sacrificed to Dionysus in, ii. 98 _sq._
Chiriguanos Indians of Bolivia, their address to the sun, ii. 143 _n._ 4
Chiriqui, volcano, i. 181
Chittim (Citium) in Cyprus, i. 31
Chnum of Elephantine identified with the sun, ii. 123
Choctaws, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 53 _sq._
Christ crucified on March 25th, tradition, i. 306
Christian, F. W., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 265
_sq._
Christian festivals displace heathen festivals, i. 308
Christianity and paganism, their resemblances explained as diabolical
counterfeits, i. 302, 309 _sq._
Christians and pagans, their controversy as to Easter, i. 309 _sq._
Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion, i. 302
_sqq._;
the heathen origin of, 305
Chu-en-aten, name assumed by King Amenophis IV., ii. 124
Chukchees of North-Eastern Asia, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 256
_sq._
Cicero at Cybistra, i. 122 _n._ 3;
corresponds with Cilician king, 145 _n._ 2
Cilicia, male deity of, assimilated to Zeus, i. 118 _sq._;
kings of, their affinity to Sandan, 144;
the Assyrians in, 173
——, Western or Rugged, described, i. 148 _sqq._;
fossils of, 152 _sq._
Cilician deity assimilated to Zeus, i. 144 _sqq._, 148, 152
—— Gates, pass of the, i. 120
—— goddesses, i. 161 _sqq._
—— gods, the burning of, i. 170 _sq._
—— pirates, i. 149 _sq._
—— priests, names of, i. 144
Cincius Alimentus, L., on Maia as the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232
Cinyrads, dynasty of the, i. 41 _sqq._
Cinyras, the father of Adonis, i. 13, 14, 49;
king of Byblus, 27;
founds sanctuary of Astarte, 28;
said to have instituted religious prostitution, 41, 50;
his daughters, 41, 50;
his riches, 42;
his incest, 43;
wooed by Aphrodite, 48 _sq._;
meaning of the name, 52;
the friend of Apollo, 54;
legends of his death, 55
Ciotat in Provence, bathing at Midsummer at, i. 248
Circumcision, exchange of dress between men and women at, ii. 263
Citium (Chittim), in Cyprus, i. 31, 50
Civilization, ancient, undermined by Oriental religions and other causes,
i. 299 _sqq._
Claudianus, Lucius Minius, i. 164
Claudius, the Emperor, and the rites of Attis, i. 266
Claudius Gothicus, the Emperor, i. 266 _n._ 2
Clavigero, on the Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._
Cleomenes, King of Sparta, and serpents, i. 87
Cleon of Magnesia at Gades, i. 113
Climatic and geographical conditions, their effect on national character,
ii. 217
Clymenus, king of Arcadia, his incest, i. 44 _n._ 1
Cnossus in Crete, prehistoric palace at, i. 34
Cochinchina, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65
Cock as emblem of a priest of Attis, i. 279
Codrington, Dr. R. H., on mother-kin in Melanesia, ii. 211
Coimbatore, dancing-girls at, i. 62
Coincidence between the Christian and the heathen festivals of the divine
death and resurrection, i. 308 _sq._
Cologne, Petrarch at, on St. John’s Eve, i. 247 _sq._
Colombia, rule as to the felling of timber in, ii. 136
Comana, in Cappadocia, i. 136 _n._ 1
—— in Pontus, worship of goddess Ma at, i. 39;
swine not allowed to enter, 265 _n._ 1
——, the two cities, i. 168 _n._ 6
Commemoration of the Dead at Athens, i. 234
Commodus, conspiracy against, i. 273;
addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118
Communal rights over women, i. 40, 61 _n._
Compromise of Christianity with paganism, parallel with Buddhism, i. 310
_sqq._
Conception, supposed, without sexual intercourse, i. 91, 93 _n._ 2, 264;
in women supposed to be caused by food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105.
_See also_ Impregnation
Conceptional animals and plants as causes of pregnancy in women, i. 97
_sq._, 104 _sq._
Concubines, human, of the god Ammon, i. 72
Conder, C. R., on “holy men” in Syria, i. 77 _n._ 4;
on turning money at the new moon, ii. 149 _n._ 2
Condylea in Arcadia, sacred grove of Artemis at, i. 291
Cone, image of Astarte, i. 14
Cones as emblems of a goddess, i. 34 _sqq._;
votive, found in Babylonia, 35 _n._ 5
Confession of the dead, the Egyptian, ii. 13 _sq._
Confucianism, ii. 160
Congo, burial of infants on the, i. 91;
priest dressed as a woman on the, ii. 254 _sq._
Conibos Indians of the Ucayali River, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198
Conical stone as divine emblem, i. 165, 166
Constantine destroys temple of Astarte, i. 28;
suppresses sacred prostitution, 37;
removes standard cubit from the Serapeum, ii. 216 _sq._
Consus and Ops, ii. 233 _n._ 6
Contest for the throne of Egypt, traditions of a, ii. 17 _sq._
Cook, A. B., i. 49 _n._ 6;
on name of priest of Corycian Zeus, 155 _n._ 1;
on the death of Romulus, ii. 98 _n._ 2;
on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 241 _n._ 3;
on traces of mother-kin in the myth and ritual of Hercules, 259 _n._ 4
Coomassie, in Ashantee, i. 201
Copenhagen, bathing on St. John’s Eve at, i. 248
Coptic calendar, ii. 6 _n._ 3
Corea, dance of eunuchs in, i. 270 _n._ 2
Coreans, their ceremony on the fifteenth day of the moon, ii. 143
Corn sprouting from the dead body of Osiris, ii. 89;
water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, i. 237 _sq._
—— and grapes, symbols of the god of Tarsus, i. 119, 143;
of the god of Ibreez, 121;
figured with double-headed axe on Lydian coin, 183
—— and vine, emblems of the gods of Tarsus and Ibreez, i. 160 _sq._
—— -god, Adonis as a, i. 230 _sqq._;
Attis as a, 279;
mourned at midsummer, ii. 34;
Osiris as a, 89 _sqq._, 96 _sqq._
—— -reaping in Egypt, Palestine, and Greece, date of the, i. 231 _n._ 3
—— -sieve, severed limbs of Osiris placed on a, ii. 97
—— -spirit, Tammuz or Adonis as a, i. 230 _sqq._;
propitiation of the, perhaps fused with a worship of the dead, 233
_sqq._;
represented as a dead old man, ii. 48, 96;
represented by human victims, 97, 106 _sq._
—— -stuffed effigies of Osiris buried with the dead as a symbol of
resurrection, ii. 90 _sq._, 114
—— -wreaths as first-fruits, i. 43;
worn by Arval Brethren, i. 44 _n._
Coronation, human sacrifices to prolong a king’s life at his, ii. 223
Corycian cave, priests of Zeus at the, i. 145;
the god of the, 152 _sqq._;
described, 153 _sq._;
saffron at the, 187;
name perhaps derived from crocus, 187
Corycus in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 153
Cos, traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259;
Sacred Marriage in, 259 _n._ 4;
bridegroom dressed as woman in, 260
Cosenza in Calabria, Easter custom at, i. 254
Cotys, king of Lydia, i. 187
Cow, image of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 50, 84;
Isis represented with the head of a, 50;
thought to be impregnated by moonshine, 130 _sq._
—— goddess Shenty, ii. 88
Cows sacred to Isis, ii. 50
Creation of the world thought to be annually repeated, i. 284
Crescent-shaped chest in the rites of Osiris, ii. 85, 130
Crests of the Cilician pirates, i. 149
Crete, sacred trees and pillars in, i. 107 _n._ 2
Crimea, the Taurians of the, i. 294
Crocodile-shaped hero, i. 139 _n._ 1
Croesus, king of Lydia, captures Pteria, i. 128;
the burning of, 174 sqq., 179;
his burnt offerings to Apollo at Delphi, 180 _n._ 1;
dedicates golden lion at Delphi, 184;
his son Atys, 286
Cronion, a Greek month, ii. 238.
Cronus, identified with Phoenician El, i. 166;
castrates his father Uranus and is castrated by his son Zeus, 283;
name applied to winter, ii. 41
Crook and scourge or flail, the emblems of Osiris, ii. 108, 153, compare
20
Crooke, W., on sacred dancing-girls, i. 65 _n._ 1;
on Mohammedan saints, 78 _n._ 2;
on infant burial, 93 _sq._;
on the custom of the False Bride, ii. 262 _n._ 2
Crops dependent on serpent-god, i. 67;
human victims sacrificed for the, 290 _sq._
Cross-roads, burial at, i. 93 _n._ 1
Crown-wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, i. 143
Crowns as amulets, ii. 242 _sq._;
laid aside in mourning, etc., 243 _n._ 2
—— of Egypt, the White and the Red, ii. 21 _n._ 1
Crucifixion of Christ, tradition as to the date of, i. 306
—— of human victims at Benin, i. 294 _n._ 3;
gentile, at the spring equinox, 307 _n._
_Crux ansata_, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 89
Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, ii. 217
Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), ii. 206
_sq._
Cumont, Professor Franz, on the _taurobolium_, i. 275 _n._ 1;
on the Nativity of the Sun, 303 _n._ 3;
as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, 310 _n._ 1
Customs of the Pelew Islanders, ii. 253 _sqq._, 266 _sqq._
Cuthar, father of Adonis, i. 13 _n._ 2
Cuttings for the dead, i. 268
Cyaxares, king of the Medes, i. 133 _n._, 174
Cybele, the image of, i. 35 _n._ 3;
her cymbals and tambourines, 54;
her lions and turreted crown, 137;
priests of, called Attis, 140;
the Mother of the Gods, 263;
her love for Attis, 263, 282;
her worship adopted by the Romans, 265;
sacrifice of virility to image of, 268;
subterranean chambers of, 268;
orgiastic rites of, 278;
a goddess of fertility, 279;
worshipped in Gaul, 279;
fasts observed by the worshippers of, 280;
a friend of Marsyas, 288;
effeminate priests of, ii. 257, 258
Cybistra in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122, 124
Cymbal, drinking out of a, i. 274
Cymbals in religious music, i. 52, 54
—— and tambourines in worship of Cybele, i. 54
Cynopolis, the cemetery of, ii. 90
Cypriote syllabary, i. 49 _n._ 7
Cyprus, Phoenicians in, i. 31 _sq._;
Adonis in, 31 _sqq._;
sacred prostitution in, 36, 50, 59;
Melcarth worshipped in, 117;
human sacrifices in, 145 _sq._;
the bearded Venus in, ii. 259 _n._ 3
Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, i. 224 _n._ 2
Cyrus and Croesus, i. 174 _sqq._
Cyzicus, worship of the Placianian Mother at, i. 274 _n._
Dacia, hot springs in, i. 213
Dacotas, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130
_Dad_ pillar. _See_ _Ded_ pillar
Dahomans, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66
Dahomey, kings of, their human sacrifices, ii. 97 _n._ 7.
Dairyman, sacred, of the Todas, his custom as to the pollution of death,
ii. 228;
bound to live apart from his wife, 229
Dalisandos in Isauria, inscriptions at, ii. 213 _n._ 1
Damascus, Aramean kings of, i. 15
Damasen, a giant, i. 186
Damatrius, a Greek month, ii. 49 _n._ 1
Dams in Egypt, the cutting of the, ii. 31 _sq._, 37 _sq._, 39 _sq._
Dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 _n._ 2;
on the Congo, 271 _n._;
of hermaphrodites in Pegu, 271 _n._;
sacred, at the Sed festival, ii. 154;
of king before the ghosts of his ancestor, 192
Dances, religious, i. 61, 65, 68;
at festivals of the dead, ii. 52, 53, 55, 58, 59;
at the new moon, 142
Dancing-girls in India, harlots and wives of the gods, i. 61 _sqq._
Dañh-gbi, python-god, i. 66
Darmesteter, James, on the Fravashis, ii. 67 _n._ 2;
his theory as to the date of the _Gathas_, ii. 84 _n._
_Dâsî_, dancing-girl, i. 63
Dastarkon in Cappadocia, i. 147 _n._ 3
Dates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280
Daughter of a god, i. 51
David, King, in relation to the old kings of Jerusalem, i. 18 _sq._;
his conquest of Ammon, 19;
his taking of a census, 24;
as a harper, 52, 53, 54
—— and Goliath, i. 19 _n._ 2
—— and Saul, i. 21
Davis, Mr. R. F., on harvest custom in Nottinghamshire, i. 238 _n._
Day of Blood in rites of Attis, i. 268, 285
De Plano Carpini, on the funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293
Dea Dia, a Roman goddess of fertility, ii. 239
Dead, Festival of the, in Java, i. 220;
worship of the, perhaps fused with the propitiation of the corn-spirit,
233 _sqq._;
cuttings for the, 268;
Osiris king and judge of the, ii. 13 _sq._;
the Egyptian, identified with Osiris, 16;
annual festivals of the, 51 _sqq._;
the spirits of the, personated by living men, 52, 53, 58;
magical uses made of their bodies, 100 _sqq._;
worship of the, among the Bantu tribes of Africa, 176 _sqq._
_See also_ Ancestral spirits
——, reincarnation of the, i. 82 _sqq._;
in America, 91;
in Africa, 91 _sq._
—— kings and chiefs worshipped in Africa, ii. 160 _sqq._;
sacrifices offered to, 162, 166 _sq._;
incarnate in animals, 162, 163 _sq._, 173;
consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;
human sacrifices to, 173;
worshipped by the Barotse, 194 _sq._
—— men believed to beget children, i. 91, 264
—— Sea, i. 23
Death in the fire as an apotheosis, i. 179 _sq._;
the pollution of, ii. 227 _sqq._
—— and resurrection, annual, of gods, i. 6;
of Adonis represented in his rites, 224 _sq._;
coincidence between the pagan and the Christian festival of the divine,
308;
of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85 _sq._;
of Osiris interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, 126 _sqq._
December, the twenty-fifth of, reckoned the winter solstice, and the
birthday of the Sun, i. 303 _sqq._
Decline of the civic virtues under the influence of Oriental religions, i.
300 _sq._
_Ded_ or _tet_ pillar, the backbone of Osiris, ii. 108 _sq._
Dedicated men and women in Africa, i. 65 _sqq._
Dedication of girls to the service of a temple, i. 61 _sqq._;
of children to gods, 79
Dee, river, holed stone in the, i. 36 _n._ 4
Defoe, Daniel, on the Angel of the Plague, i. 24 _n._ 2
Delos, sacred embassy to, ii. 244
Delphi, Apollo and the Dragon at, ii. 240
_Delphinium Ajacis_, i. 314 _n._ 1
Demeter, her sacred caverns, i. 88;
sacred vaults of, 278;
sorrowing for the descent of the Maiden, ii. 41;
the month of, 41;
mysteries of, at Eleusis, 90;
at the well, 111 _n._ 6;
identified with Isis, 117
—— and ears of corn, i. 166
—— and Poseidon, i. 280
—— and the king’s son at Eleusis, i. 180
Denderah, inscriptions at, ii. 11, 86 _sqq._, 89, 91, 130 _n._;
the hall of Osiris at, 110
Derceto, goddess at Ascalon, i. 34 _n._ 3
Dervishes revered in Syria, i. 77 _n._ 4;
of Asia Minor, 170
Deucalion at Hierapolis, i. 162 _n._ 2
Deuteronomic redactor, i. 26 _n._ 1
Deuteronomy, publication of, i. 18 _n._ 3
Deutsch-Zepling in Transylvania, rule as to sowing in, ii. 133 _n._ 3
_Dêvadâsî_, dancing-girl, i. 63 _sq._
_Dêvaratiâl_, dancing-girl, i. 63
Dew, bathing in the, on Midsummer Eve or Day, i. 246 _sq._, 248;
a daughter of Zeus and the moon, ii. 137
Diabolical counterfeits, resemblances of paganism to Christianity
explained as, i. 302, 309 _sq._
Diana, a Mother Goddess, i. 45;
her sanctuary at Nemi, 45
Dianus and Diana, i. 27, 45
Dido flees from Tyre, i. 50;
her traditional death in the fire, 114;
worshipped at Carthage, 114;
meaning of the name, 114 _n._ 1;
an Avatar of Astarte, 177;
how she procured the site of Carthage, ii. 250
Dinant, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70
_Dinkard_, a Pahlavi work, ii. 68 _n._ 2
Dinkas, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82
_sq._;
pour milk on graves, 87
Dio Chrysostom, on the people of Tarsus, i. 118;
on pyre at Tarsus, 126 _n._ 1
Diodorus Siculus, on worship of Poseidon in Peloponnese, i. 203;
on the burial of Osiris, ii. 10 _sq._;
on the rise of the Nile, 31 _n._ 1;
on the date of harvest in Egypt, 32 _n._ 2;
on Osiris as a sun-god, 120;
on the predominance of women over men in ancient Egypt, 214
Diomede, human sacrifices to, i. 145
Dionysus in form of bull, i. 123;
with vine and ploughman on a coin, 166;
ancient interpretation of, 194, 213;
death, resurrection, and ascension of, 302 _n._ 4;
torn in pieces, ii. 98;
human sacrifices to, in Chios, 98 _sq._;
his coarse symbolism, 113;
identified with Osiris, 113;
race of boys at vintage from his sanctuary, 238;
men dressed as women in the rites of, 258;
the effeminate, 259
Diospolis Parva (How), monument of Osiris at, ii. 110
Diphilus, king of Cyprus, i. 146
Disc, winged, as divine emblem, i. 132
Discoloration, annual, of the river Adonis, i. 30, 225
Discovery of the body of Osiris, ii. 85 _sq._
Disease of language the supposed source of myths, ii. 42
Disguises to avert the evil eye, ii. 262;
to deceive dangerous spirits, 262 _sq._, 263 _sq._
Dismemberment of Osiris, suggested explanations of the, ii. 97;
of Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, 100, 102;
of Segera, a magician of Kiwai, 101;
of kings and magicians, and use of their severed limbs to fertilize the
country, 101 _sq._;
of the bodies of the dead to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous
ghosts, 188
_Ditino_, deified dead kings, ii. 194
Divination at Midsummer, i. 252 _sq._
Divining bones, ii. 180, 181
Divinities of the volcano Kirauea, i. 217
Divinity of Semitic kings, i. 15 _sqq._;
of Lydian kings, 182 _sqq._
Dixmude, in Belgium, feast of All Souls at, ii. 70
Dobrizhoffer, M., on the respect of the Abipones for the Pleiades, i. 258
_n._ 2
Doctrine of lunar sympathy, ii. 140 _sqq._
_Dôd_, “beloved,” i. 19 _n._ 2, 20 _n._ 2
Dog-star. _See_ Sirius
Doliche in Commagene, i. 136
Domaszewski, Professor A., on the rites of Attis at Rome, i. 266 _n._ 2
Dorasques of Panama, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201
Dos Santos, J., Portuguese historian, on the method adopted by a Caffre
king to prolong his life, ii. 222 _sq._
Double, the afterbirth or placenta, regarded as a person’s double, ii. 169
_sq._
—— -headed axe, symbol of Sandan, i. 127;
carried by Lydian kings, 182;
a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, 182;
figured on coins, 183 _n._
—— -headed eagle, Hittite emblem, i. 133 _n._
Doutté, Edmond, on sacred prostitution in Morocco, i. 39 _n._ 3
Doves burnt in honour of Adonis, i. 126 _n._ 2, 147
——, sacred, of Aphrodite, i. 33;
or Astarte, 147
Dowries earned by prostitution, i. 38, 59
Dragon slain by Cadmus at Thebes, ii. 241
—— and Apollo, at Delphi, ii. 240
Drama, sacred, of the death and resurrection of Osiris, ii. 85 _sq._
Dramas, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 4 _sq._
Dramatic representation of the resurrection of Osiris in his rites, ii. 85
Dreams, revelations given to sick people by Pluto and Persephone in, i.
205;
spirits of the dead appear to the living in, ii. 162, 190;
as causes of attempted transformation of men into women, 255 _sqq._
Drenching last corn cut with water as a rain-charm, i. 237 _sq._
Drinking out of a king’s skull in order to be inspired by his spirit, ii.
171
Drought, kings answerable for, i. 21 _sq._
Drum, eating out of a, i. 274
Drums, human sacrifice for royal, ii. 223, 225
Duchesne, Mgr. L., on the origin of Christmas, i. 305 _n._ 4;
on the date of the Crucifixion, 307
Dyaks of Sarawak, their custom of head-hunting, i. 295 _sq._
Ea, Babylonian god, i. 9
Eagle to carry soul to heaven, i. 126 _sq._;
double-headed, Hittite emblem, 133 _n._
Ears of corn, emblem of Demeter, i. 166
Earth as the Great Mother, i. 27
—— and sky, myth of their violent separation, i. 283
——, the goddess, mother of Typhon, i. 156
Earth-goddess annually married to Sun-god, i. 47 _sq._;
disturbed by the operations of husbandry, 88 _sqq._;
married to Sky-god, 282, with _n._ 2
—— -spirits disturbed by agriculture, i. 89
Earthquake god, i. 194 _sqq._
Earthquakes, attempts to stop, i. 196 _sqq._
East, mother-kin and Mother Goddesses in the ancient, ii. 212 _sqq._
Easter, gardens of Adonis at, in Sicily, i. 253 _sq._;
resemblance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis, 254 _sqq._, 306;
the festival of, assimilated to the spring festival of Attis, 306
_sqq._;
controversy between Christians and pagans as to the origin of, 309 _sq._
“Eater of the Dead,” fabulous Egyptian monster, ii. 14
Eclipse of the moon, Athenian superstition as to an, ii. 141
Eden, the tree of life in, i. 186 _n._ 4
Edom, the kings of, i. 15;
their bones burned by the Moabites, ii. 104
Edonians in Thrace, Lycurgus king of the, ii. 98, 99
Eesa, a Somali tribe, ii. 246
Effect of geographical and climatic conditions on national character, ii.
217
Effeminate sorcerers or priests, order of, ii. 253 _sqq._
Effigies of Osiris, stuffed with corn, buried with the dead as a symbol of
resurrection, ii. 90 _sq._, 114
Egypt, wives of Ammon in, i. 72;
date of the corn-reaping in, 231 _n._ 3;
the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, 303;
in early June, ii. 31;
mother-kin in ancient, 213 _sqq._
Egyptian astronomers acquainted with the true length of the solar year,
ii. 26, 27, 37 _n._
—— calendar, the official, ii. 24 _sqq._;
date of its introduction, 36 _n._ 2
—— ceremony at the winter solstice, ii. 50
—— dead identified with Osiris, ii. 16
—— farmer, calendar of the, ii. 30 _sqq._;
his festivals, ii. 32 _sqq._
—— festivals, their dates shifting, ii. 24 _sq._, 92 _sqq._;
readjustment of, 91 _sqq._
—— funeral rites a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15
—— hope of immortality centred in Osiris, ii. 15 _sq._, 114, 159
—— kings worshipped as gods, i. 52;
the most ancient, buried at Abydos, ii. 19;
their oath not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, 26;
perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97 _sq._, 102;
as Osiris, 151 _sqq._;
renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen
Osiris, 153 _sq._;
born again at the Sed festival, 153, 155 _sq._;
perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay,
154 _sq._, 156
Egyptian language akin to the Semitic, ii. 161
—— months, table of, ii. 37 _n._
—— myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283 _n._ 3
—— people, the conservatism of their character, ii. 217 _sq._;
compared to the Chinese, 218
—— reapers, their lamentations and invocations of Isis, i. 232, ii. 45,
117
—— religion, the development of, ii. 122 _sqq._;
dominated by Osiris, 158 _sq._
—— standard resembling a placenta, ii. 156 _n._ 1
—— year vague, not corrected by intercalation, ii. 24 _sq._;
the sacred, began with the rising of Sirius, 35
Egyptians sacrifice red-haired men, ii. 97, 106;
the ancient, question of their ethnical affinity, 161
Ekoi of Southern Nigeria, their custom of mutilating men and women at
festivals, i. 270 _n._ 2
El, Phoenician god, i. 13, 16 _n._ 1;
identified with Cronus, 166
El-Bùgât, festival of mourning for Tammuz in Harran, i. 230
Elam, the kings of, their bones carried off by Ashurbanipal, ii. 103 _sq._
Eleusis, Demeter and the king’s son at, i. 180;
sacrifice of oxen at, 292 _n._ 3;
mysteries of Demeter at, ii. 90
Eli, the sons of, i. 76
Elisha prophesies to music, i. 53, 54;
finds water in the desert, 53, 75
Ellis, A. B., on sacred prostitution in West Africa, i. 65 _sq._, 69
_sq._;
on tattoo marks of priests, 74 _n._ 4;
on an ordeal of chastity, 115
Emesa, sun-god Heliogabalus at, i. 35
Empedocles leaps into the crater of Etna, i. 181
Emperor of China, funeral of an, i. 294
Ἐναγίζειν distinguished from θύειν, i. 316 _n._ 1
Enemy, charms to disable an, ii. 252
England, harvest custom in, i. 237;
the feast of All Souls in, ii. 78 _sq._
Ennius, on Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233
“Entry of Osiris into the moon,” ii. 130
Enylus, king of Byblus, i. 15 _n._
Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 269;
Hecate at, 291;
the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at, ii. 243 _sq._
Epidaurus, Aesculapius at, i. 80
Epiphany, the sixth of January, i. 305
Epirus, the kings of, their bones scattered by Lysimachus, ii. 104
Equinox, the vernal, resurrection of Attis at the, i. 273, 307 _sq._;
date of the Crucifixion assigned to the spring equinox, 307;
tradition that the world was created at the spring equinox, 307
Erechtheum, sacred serpent in the, i. 87
Erechtheus, king of Athens, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 _n._ 1;
his sacred serpent, 87
Eregli (the ancient Cybistra) in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122
Eresh-Kigal, Babylonian goddess, i. 9
_Erica_-tree, Osiris in the, ii. 9, 108, 109
Eriphyle, the necklace of, i. 32 _n._ 2
Erman, Professor A., on Anubis at Abydos, ii. 18 _n._ 3;
on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, 91;
on the development of Egyptian religion, 122 _n._ 2
_Erme_ or _Nenneri_, gardens of Adonis in Sardinia, i. 244
Eshmun, Phoenician deity, i. 111 _n._ 6
Esne, the festal calendar of, ii. 49 _sq._
Esquimaux of Alaska, their annual festival of the dead, i. 51 _sq._
Esthonian peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135
Esthonians, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 143
Eternal life, initiate born again to, in the rites of Cybele and Attis, i.
274 _sq._
Etesian winds, i. 35 _n._ 1
Etna, Mount, Typhon buried under, i. 156, 157;
the death of Empedocles on, 181;
the ashes of, 194;
offerings thrown into the craters of, 221
Euboea subject to earthquakes, i. 211;
date of threshing in, 232 _n._;
harvest custom in, 238
Eudoxus, on the Egyptian festivals, ii. 35 _n._ 2
Eunuch, priests of the Mother Goddess, i. 206;
in the service of Asiatic goddesses of fertility, 269 _sq._;
in various lands, 270 _n._ 2;
of Attis tattooed with pattern of ivy, 278;
of Cybele, ii. 258
Eunuchs, dances of, i. 270 _n._ 2, 271 _n._;
dedicated to a goddess in India, 271 _n._;
sacred, at Hierapolis-Bambyce, their rule as to the pollution of death,
ii. 272
Euripides on the death of Pentheus, ii. 98 _n._ 5
Europe, custom of showing money to the new moon in, ii. 148 _sq._
Eusebius on sacred prostitution, i. 37 _n._ 2, 73 _n._ 1
Euyuk in Cappadocia, Hittite palace at, i. 123, 132, 133 _n._;
bull worshipped at, 164
Evadne and Capaneus, i. 177 _n._ 3
Evil Eye, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;
bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the, 261;
disguises to avert the, 262
Ewe farmers fear to wound the Earth goddess, i. 90
—— people of Togo-land, their belief in the marriage of Sky with Earth, i.
282 _n._ 2
—— speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, sacred prostitution among the, i.
65 _sq._;
worship pythons, 83 _n._ 1
Exchange of dress between men and women in rites, ii. 259 _n._ 3;
at marriage, 260 _sqq._;
at circumcision, 263
Exogamous clans in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204
Exorcism by means of music, i. 54 _sq._
Expiation for homicide, i. 299 _n._ 2;
Roman, for prodigies, ii. 244
Eye as a symbol of Osiris, ii. 121;
of sacrificial ox cut out, 251 _sq._
—— of Horus, ii. 17, 121 with _n._ 3
——, the Evil, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;
bridegroom disfigured in order to avert, 261
Eyes of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, ii. 15
Ezekiel on the mourning for Tammuz, i. 11, 17, 20;
on the Assyrian cavalry, 25 _n._ 3;
on the king of Tyre, 114
False Bride, custom of the ii. 262 _n._ 2
Farnell, Dr. L. R., on Greek religious music, i. 55 _n._ 1 and 3;
on religious prostitution in Western Asia, 57 _n._ 1, 58 _n._ 2;
on the position of women in ancient religion, ii. 212 _n._ 1;
on the Flamen Dialis, 227;
on the children of living parents in ritual, 236 _sq._;
on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 242 _n._;
on eunuch priests of Cybele, 258 _n._ 1
Farwardajan, a Persian festival of the dead, ii. 68
Fast from bread in mourning for Attis, i. 272
Fasts observed by the worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280;
of Isis and Cybele, 302 _n._ 4
Father named after his son, i. 51 _n._ 4;
of a god, 51, 52;
dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 184 _sq._;
the head of the family under a system of mother-kin, 211
—— -deity of the Hittites, the god of the thundering sky, i. 134 _sqq._
—— God, his emblem the bull, i. 164;
Attis as the, 281 _sqq._;
often less important than Mother Goddess, 282
—— -kin at Rome, i. 41
——, Mother, and Son divinities represented at Boghaz-Keui, i. 140 _sqq._
Father Sky fertilizes Mother Earth, i. 282
—— and mother, names for, i. 281;
as epithets of Roman gods and goddesses, ii. 233 _sqq._
Fatherhood of God, the physical, i. 80 _sq._
Fauna, rustic Roman goddess, her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234
Faunus, old Roman god, his relationship to Fauna or the Good Goddess, ii.
234
Feast of All Saints on November 1st, perhaps substituted for an old pagan
festival of the dead, ii. 82 _sq._;
instituted by Lewis the Pious, 83
—— of All Souls, ii. 51 _sqq._;
the Christian, originally a pagan festival of the dead, 81
—— of the Golden Flower at Sardes, i. 187
—— of Lanterns in Japan, ii. 65
Feet first, children born, custom observed at their graves, i. 93
Felkin, R. W. and C. T. Wilson, on the worship of the dead kings of
Uganda, ii. 173 _n._ 2
Fellows, Ch., on flowers in Caria, i. 187 _n._ 6
Female kinship, rule of descent of the throne under, ii. 18.
_See also_ Mother-kin
Fertility of ground thought to be promoted by prostitution, i. 39;
promoted by marriage of women to serpent, 67;
goddesses of, served by eunuch priests, 269 _sq._;
Osiris as a god of, ii. 112 _sq._
Fertilization of the fig, artificial, ii. 98
Festival of “the awakening of Hercules” at Tyre, i. 111;
of the Dead in Java, 220;
of Flowers (_Anthesteria_), 234 _sq._;
of Joy (_Hilaria_) in the rites of Attis, 273;
of Sais, ii. 49 _sqq._;
of Crowning at Delphi, 241
Festivals of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 32 _sqq._;
of Osiris, the official, 49 _sqq._;
Egyptian readjustment of, 91 _sqq._
Fetishism early in human history, ii. 43
“Field of the giants,” i. 158
Fig, artificial fertilization of the, at Rome in July, ii. 98, 259
Fiji, chiefs buried secretly in, ii. 105
Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90
—— Lent, i. 90
Fijians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201
Financial oppression, Roman, i. 301 _n._ 2
Finlay, George, on Roman financial oppression, i. 301 _n._ 2
Fire, purification by, i. 115 _n._ 1, 179 _sqq._;
Persian reverence for, 174 _sq._;
death in the, as an apotheosis, 179 _sq._;
supposed able to impregnate women, ii. 235
Fire, perpetual, in Zoroastrian religion, i. 191;
worshipped, 191 _sqq._;
in the temples of dead kings, ii. 174
—— -god, the father of Romulus, Servius Tullius, and Caeculus, ii. 235
—— -walk of the king of Tyre, i. 114 _sq._;
of priestesses at Castabala, 168
—— -worship in Cappadocia, i. 191 _sq._
Firmicus Maternus, on the mourning for Osiris, ii. 86;
on use of a pine-tree in the rites of Osiris, 108
First-born, Semitic sacrifice of the, i. 110;
the sacrifice of, at Jerusalem, ii. 219 _sq._
—— -fruits offered to the Baalim, i. 27;
offered to the Mother of the Gods, 280 _n._ 1;
offered to dead chiefs, ii. 191
Firstlings offered to the Baalim, i. 27
Fish, soul of dead in, i. 95 _sq._
Fison, Rev. Lorimer, on Fijian god of earthquakes, i. 202 _n._;
on secret burial of chiefs in Fiji, ii. 105
Flail or scourge, an emblem of Osiris, ii. 108, 153;
for collecting incense, 109 _n._ 1
Flamen forbidden to divorce his wife, ii. 229;
of Vulcan, 232
—— Dialis, the widowed, ii. 227 _sqq._;
forbidden to touch a dead body, but allowed to attend a funeral, 228;
bound to be married, 229
—— Dialis and Flaminica, i. 45 _sq._;
assisted by boy and girl of living parents, ii. 236
Flamingoes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 163
Flaminica and her husband the Flamen Dialis, i. 45 _sq._, ii. 236
Flax, omens from the growth of, i. 244
Flower of the banana, women impregnated by the, i. 93
“—— of Zeus,” i. 186, 187
Flowers and leaves as talismans, ii. 242 _sq._
Flute, skill of Marsyas on the, i. 288
—— music, its exciting influence, i. 54
—— -players dressed as women at Rome, ii. 259 _n._ 3
Flutes played in the laments for Tammuz, i. 9;
for Adonis, 225 _n._ 3
Food, virgins supposed to conceive through eating certain, i. 96;
as a cause of conception in women, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105
Foreigners as kings, i. 16 _n._
Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of Praeneste, daughter of Jupiter, ii. 234
Fortune of the city on coins of Tarsus, i. 164;
the guardian of cities, 164
Fossil bones in limestone caves, i. 152 _sq._;
a source of myths about giants, 157 _sq._
Foucart, P., identifies Dionysus with Osiris, ii. 113 _n._ 3
Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250 _n._ 2
Fowler, W. Warde, on the celibacy of the Roman gods, ii. 230, 232 _n._ 1,
234 _n._, 236 _n._ 1
Fra Angelico, his influence on Catholicism, i. 54 _n._ 1
France, harvest custom in, i. 237;
timber felled in the wane of the moon in, ii. 136
_Fratres Arvales_, ii. 239
Fravashis, the souls of the dead in the Iranian religion, ii. 67 _n._ 2,
68
French peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 133
_n._ 3, 135
Frey, the Scandinavian god of fertility, ii. 100 _sq._
Frigento, Valley of Amsanctus near, i. 204
Frodsham, Dr., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103
_n._ 3
Fruit-trees, worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure, ii. 111
Fulgora, a Roman goddess, ii. 231
Funeral custom in Madagascar, ii. 247
—— pyre of Roman emperor, i. 126 _sq._
—— rites of the Egyptians a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15;
of Osiris, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86 _sqq._
Furies, their snakes, i. 88 _n._ 1
Furness, W. H., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 266
Gaboon, Mpongwe kings of the, ii. 104;
negroes of the, regulate their planting by the moon, ii. 134
Gad, Semitic god of fortune, i. 164, 165
Gadabursi, a Somali tribe, ii. 246
Gades (Cadiz), worship of Hercules (Melcarth), at, i. 112 _sq._;
temple of Melcarth at, ii. 258 _n._ 5
Galelareese of Halmahera, as to human sacrifices to volcanoes, i. 220
Gallas, their worship of serpents, i. 86 _n._ 1
Galli, the emasculated priests of Attis, i. 266, 283
Galton, Sir Francis, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29
Game with fruit-stones played by kings of Uganda, ii. 224
—— law of the Njamus, ii. 39
Garden of Osiris, ii. 87 _sq._
Gardens of Adonis, i. 236 _sqq._;
charms to promote the growth of vegetation, 236 _sq._, 239;
in India, 239 _sqq._;
in Bavaria, 244;
in Sardinia, 244 _sq._;
in Sicily, 245;
at Easter, 253 _sq._
Gardens of God, i. 123, 159
Gardner, Professor E. A. on date of the corn-reaping in Greece, i. 232
_n._
Garstang, Professor J., on sculptures at Ibreez, i. 122 _n._ 1, 123 _n._
2;
on Hittite sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 133 _n._, 135 _n._;
on Arenna, 136 _n._ 1;
on Syrian god Hadad, 163 _n._ 3
_Gathas_, a part of the _Zend-Avesta_, ii. 84 _n._
Gaul, worship of Cybele in, i. 279
Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, conduct of the natives in an earthquake,
i. 201;
the Melanesians of the, ii. 242 _sq._
Gazelles sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15
Gebal, Semitic name of Byblus, i. 13 _n._ 3
Geese sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15
Gellius, Aulus, his list of old Roman deities, ii. 232
Gellius, Cnaeus, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232
Geminus, Greek astronomer, on the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26
Genital organs of Osiris, tradition as to the, ii. 10, 102;
of dead man used to fertilize the fields, 102 _sq._
_Genius_, Roman, symbolized by a serpent, i. 86
Geographical and climatic conditions, their effect on national character,
ii. 217
German peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135
Germans, the ancient, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141
Germany, harvest custom in, i. 237;
leaping over Midsummer fires in, 251;
feast of All Souls in, ii. 70 _sqq._;
popular superstition as to the influence of the moon in, 133, 140 _sq._,
149
Gezer, Canaanitish city, excavations at, i. 108
Gezo, King, i. 68
Ghineh, monument of Adonis at, i. 29
Ghost of afterbirth thought to adhere to navel-string, ii. 169 _sq._
Ghosts thought to impregnate women, i. 93;
of the dead personated by living men, ii. 52, 53, 58
Giants, myths of, based on discovery of fossil bones, i. 157 _sq._
—— and gods, their battle, i. 157
Giaour-Kalesi, Hittite sculptures at, i. 138 _n._
Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in the, i. 108 _n._ 1
Gill, Captain W., on a tribe in China governed by a woman, ii. 211 _n._ 3
Gilyaks of the Amoor eat nutlets of stone-pine, i. 278 _n._ 2
Ginzel, Professor F. K., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31 _n._ 1
Giraffes, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162
Glaucus, son of Minos, restored to life, i. 186 _n._ 4
Goat sacrificed by being hanged, i. 292
God, children of, i. 68;
sons of, 78 _sqq._;
the physical fatherhood of, 80 _sq._;
gardens of, 123, 159
——, the burning of a, i. 188 _sq._;
the hanged, 288 _sqq._
—— of earthquakes, i. 194 _sqq._
Godavari District, Southern India, i. 95
Goddess, identified with priestess, i. 219;
superiority of the, in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, ii. 201 _sq._
Goddesses, Cilician, i. 161 _sqq._;
place infant sons of kings on fire to render them immortal, 180;
of fertility served by eunuch priests, 269 _sq._;
their superiority over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, ii.
202 _sqq._;
the development of, favoured by mother-kin, 259
Gods, annual death and resurrection of, i. 6;
personated by priests, 45, 46 _sqq._;
married to sisters, 316;
their human wives, ii. 207;
made by men and worshipped by women, 211
—— and giants, the battle of, i. 157
Gold Coast of West Africa, the Tshi-speaking peoples of the, i. 69
Golden Flower, the Feast of the, i. 185
—— Sea, the, i. 150
Golgi in Cyprus, i. 35
Goliath and David, i. 19 _n._ 2
Gonds, ceremony of bringing back souls of the dead among the, i. 95 _sq._
Good Friday, effigies and sepulchres of Christ on, i. 254 _sqq._
—— Goddess (_Bona Dea_), her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234
Goowoong Awoo, volcano, children sacrificed to, i. 219
Gordias and Midas, names of Phrygian kings, i. 286
Gordon, E. M., on infant burial, i. 94 _sq._;
on the festival of the dead in Bilaspore, ii. 60
Gouri, an Indian goddess of fertility, i. 241 _sq._
Gournia in Crete, prehistoric shrine at, i. 88 _n._ 1
Grandmother, title of an African priest, ii. 255
—— Earth thought to cause earthquakes, i. 198
Grandparents, dead, worshipped, ii. 175
Grapes as divine emblem, i. 165
Grave of Osiris, ii. 10 _sq._;
human victims sacrificed at the, 97
—— shrines of Shilluk kings, ii. 161 _sq._;
of dead kings, 194 _sq._
Graves, milk offered at, i. 87;
childless women resort to, in order to ensure offspring, 96;
illuminated on All Souls’ Day, ii. 72 _sq._, 74;
the only places of sacrifice in the country of the Wahehe, 190
—— of kings, chiefs, and magicians kept secret, ii. 103 _sqq._;
human sacrifices at, 168
“Great burnings” for kings of Judah, i. 177 _sq._
—— Marriage, annual festival of the dead among the Oraons of Bengal, ii.
59
—— men, history not to be explained without the influence of, i. 311 _n._
2;
great religious systems founded by, ii. 159 _sq._;
their influence on the popular imagination, 199
—— Mother, popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, i. 298 _sq._
—— religious systems founded by individual great men, ii. 159 _sq._;
religious ideals a product of the male imagination, 211
Greece, date of the corn-reaping in, i. 232 _n._;
modern, marriage customs in, ii. 245 _sq._
Greek belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 86 _sq._
—— Church, ceremonies on Good Friday in the, i. 254
—— feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78 _n._ 1
—— gods, discrimination of their characters, i. 119
—— mythology, Adonis in, i. 10 _sqq._
—— notion as to birth from trees and rocks, i. 107 _n._ 1;
of the noxious influence of moonshine on children, ii. 148
—— purification for homicide, i. 299 _n._ 2
—— use of music in religion, i. 54 _sq._
—— writers on the worship of Adonis, i. 223 _sq._
Gregory IV. and the feast of All Saints, ii. 83
Grenfell, B. P., and A. S. Hunt on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, ii. 90
_sq._
Grimm, Jacob, on hide-measured lands, ii. 250
Grotto of the Sibyl, at Marsala, i. 247
Growth and decay of all things associated with the waxing and waning of
the moon, ii. 132 _sqq._, 140 _sqq._
Guarayos Indians of Bolivia, their presentation of children to the moon,
ii. 145
Guardian spirits in the form of animals, i. 83;
in serpents, 83, 86
Guaycurus of Brazil, men dressed as women among the, ii. 254 _n._ 2
Guevo Upas, the Valley of Poison, in Java, i. 203 _sq._
Gujrat District, Punjaub, i. 94
Gurdon, Major P. R. T., on the Khasis of Assam, ii. 202, 203 _n._ 1, 210
_n._ 1
Gwanya, a worshipful dead chief, ii. 177
Gyges, king of Lydia, dedicates double-headed axe to Zeus, i. 182
Gynaecocracy a dream, ii. 211
Hadad, chief male deity of the Syrians, i. 15, 16 _n._ 1;
Syrian god of thunder and fertility, 163
Hadadrimmon, i. 164 _n._ 1;
the mourning of or for, 15 _n._ 4
Haddon, A. C., on worship of animal-shaped heroes, i. 139 _n._ 1
Hadrian, human sacrifice suppressed in reign of, i. 146
Hair, sacrifice of women’s, i. 38;
offered to goddess of volcano, 218;
of head shaved in mourning for dead gods, 225;
to be cut when the moon is waxing, ii. 133 _sq._
Halasarna in Cos, rites of Apollo and
Hercules at, ii. 259
Halfdan, the Black, King of Norway, dismembered after death, ii. 100
Halicarnassus, worship of Pergaean Artemis at, i. 35 _n._ 2
Hall of the Two Truths, the judgment hall in the other world, ii. 13
Halmahera, the Galelareese of, i. 220
Hamaspathmaedaya, old Iranian festival of the dead, ii. 67
Hamilcar, his self-sacrifice at the battle of Himera, i. 115 _sq._;
worshipped at Carthage, 116;
burns himself, 176;
worshipped after death, 180
Hamilton, Alexander, on dance of hermaphrodites in Pegu, i. 271 _n._
Hamilton, Professor G. L., i. 57 _n._ 1
Hammurabi, the code of, i. 71 _n._ 3, 72 _n._ 1
Handel, the harmonies of, i. 54
Hanged god, the, i. 288 _sqq._
Hanging as a mode of sacrifice, i. 289 _sqq._
Hannah, the prayer of, i. 79
Hannibal, his prayers to Melcarth, i. 113;
his retirement from Italy, 265
Hanway, J., on worship of perpetual fires at Baku, i. 192
Harmonia, the necklace of, i. 32 _n._ 2;
turned into a snake, 86 _sq._
Harold the Fair-haired, ii. 100 _n._ 2
Harp, the music of the, in religion, i. 52 _sqq._
Harpalyce, her incest with her father, i. 44 _n._ 1
Harpocrates, the younger Horus, ii. 8, 9 _n._
Harran, mourning of women for Tammuz in, i. 230
Harrison, Miss J. E., on the hyacinth (_Delphinium Ajacis_), i. 314 _n._ 1
Hartland, E. S., on the reincarnation of the dead, i. 91 _n._ 3;
on primitive paternity, 106 _n._ 1
Harvest, rites of, ii. 45 _sqq._;
annual festival of the dead after, 61;
new corn offered to dead kings or chiefs at, 162, 166, 188;
prayers to the spirits of ancestors at, 175 _sq._;
sacrifices to dead chiefs at, 191
—— in Egypt, the date of, ii. 32
—— custom of throwing water on the last corn cut as a rain-charm, i. 237
_sq._;
of the Arabs of Moab, ii. 48, 96
Hathor, Egyptian goddess, ii. 9 _n._
Hattusil, king of the Hittites, i. 135
_Havamal_, how Odin learned the magic runes in the, i. 290
Hawaii, the volcano of Kirauea in, i. 216 _sqq._
Hawes, Mrs., on date of the corn-reaping in Crete, i. 232 _n._
Hawk, Isis in the form of a, ii. 8;
the sacred bird of the earliest Egyptian dynasties, 21 _sq._;
epithet regularly applied to the king of Egypt, 22
—— -town (Hieraconpolis) in Egypt, ii. 21 _sq._
Hawks carved on the bier of Osiris, ii. 20
Hazael, king of Damascus, i. 15
“Head-Feast” among the Dyaks of Borneo, i. 295 _sq._
—— -hunting in Borneo, i. 294 _sqq._
Heads of dead chiefs cut off and buried secretly, ii. 104
——, human, thought to promote the fertility of the ground and of women, i.
294 _sqq._;
used as guardians by Taurians and tribes of Borneo, 294 _sqq._
Heathen festivals displaced by Christian, i. 308
—— origin of Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249 _sq._
Heavenly Virgin or Goddess, mother of the Sun, i. 303
Hebrew kings, traces of their divinity, i. 20 _sqq._
—— names ending in _-el_ or _-iah_, i. 79 _n._ 3
—— prophecy, the distinctive character of, i. 75
Hebrew prophets, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 _sq._
Hebrides, peats cut in the wane of the moon in the, ii. 137 _sq._
Hecaerge, an epithet of Artemis, i. 292
Hecate at Ephesus, i. 291;
sometimes identified with Artemis, 292 _n._
—— and Zeus worshipped at Stratonicea, ii. 227
Hecatombeus, a Greek month, i. 314
Hehn, V., on derivation of name Corycian, i. 187 _n._ 6
Helen of the Tree, worshipped in Rhodes, i. 292
Heliacal rising of Sirius, ii. 152
Helice, in Achaia, destroyed by earthquake, i. 203;
Poseidon worshipped at, 203 _n._ 2
Heliodorus, on the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at Ephesus, ii. 243
_sq._
Heliogabalus, sun-god at Emesa, i. 35;
his sacrifice of children of living parents, ii. 248
Heliopolis (Baalbec), in Syria, i. 163 _n._ 2;
sacred prostitution at, 37, 58
Heliopolis (the Egyptian), trial of the dead Osiris before the gods at,
ii. 17
Hepding, H., on Attis, i. 263 _n._ 1;
on Catullus’s poem _Attis_, 270 _n._ 2;
on the bath of Cybele’s image, 280
Hephaestus and hot springs, i. 209
Heqet, Egyptian frog-goddess, ii. 9 _n._
Hera’s marriage with Zeus, i. 280
Heraclids, Lydian dynasty of the, i. 182, 184;
perhaps Hittite, 185
Hercules identified with Melcarth, i. 16, 111;
slain by Typhon and revived by Iolaus, 111;
burnt on Mount Oeta, 111, 116, 211;
worshipped at Gades, 112 _sq._;
women excluded from sacrifices to, 113 _n._ 1;
identified with Sandan, 125, 143, 161;
burns himself, 176;
worshipped after death, 180;
the itch of, 209;
his dispute with Aesculapius, 209 _sq._;
the patron of hot springs, 209 _sqq._;
altar of, at Thermopylae, 210;
the effeminate, ii. 257, 258, 259;
priest of, dressed as a woman, 258;
vernal mysteries of, at Rome, 258;
sacrifices to, at Rome, 258 _n._ 5
—— and the lion, i. 184
—— and Omphale, i. 182, ii. 258
—— and Sardanapalus, i. 172 _sqq._
——, the Lydian, identical with the Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184, 185
—— with the lion’s scalp, Greek type of, i. 117 _sq._
Hereditary deities, i. 51
Herefordshire, soul-cakes in, ii. 79
Herero, a Bantu tribe of German South-West Africa, the worship of the dead
among the, ii. 185 _sqq._
Hermaphrodite son of Sky and Earth, i. 282 _n._
Hermaphrodites, dance of, i. 271 _n._
Hermes and Aegipan, i. 157
Hermesianax, on the death of Attis, i. 264 _n._ 4
Hermus, river, i. 185, 186
Herod resorts to the springs of Callirrhoe, i. 214
Herodes Atticus, his benefaction at Thermopylae, i. 210
Herodotus on sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos, i. 34;
on religious prostitution, 58;
on wife of Bel, 71;
on Cyrus and Croesus, 174;
on the sacrifices of Croesus to Apollo, 180 _n._ 1;
on so-called monument of Sesostris, 185;
on the festival of Osiris at Sais, ii. 50;
on the mourning for Osiris, 86;
identifies Osiris with Dionysus, 113 _n._ 2;
on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127;
on human sacrifices offered by the wife of Xerxes, 221
Heroes worshipped in form of animals, i. 139 _n._ 1
Hertz, W., on religious prostitution, i. 57 _n._ 1, 59 _n._ 4
Hesse, custom at ploughing in, i. 239
_Hest_, the Egyptian name for Isis, ii. 50 _n._ 4, 115 _n._ 1
Hettingen in Baden, custom at sowing at, i. 239
Hezekiah, King, his reformation, i. 25, 107;
date of his reign, 25 _n._ 4
Hibeh papyri, ii. 35 _n._ 1, 51 _n._ 1
Hide-measured lands, legends as to, ii. 249 _sq._
Hieraconpolis in Egypt, ii. 22 _n._ 1;
representations of the Sed festival at, 151
Hierapolis, the Syrian, festival of the Pyre or Torch at, i. 146;
sacred doves at, 147;
great sanctuary of Astarte at, 269;
eunuch priests of Astarte at, 269 _sq._
——, in the valley of the Maeander, cave of Pluto at, i. 206;
hot springs at, 206 _sqq._
—— and _Hieropolis_, distinction between, i. 168 _n._ 2
—— -Bambyce, Atargatis the goddess of, i. 137, 162;
mysterious golden image at, 162 _n._ 2;
rules as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227
Hieroglyphics, Hittite, i. 124, 125 _n._
High-priest of Syrian goddess, i. 143 _n._ 1
—— Priestess, head of the State, ii. 203
Highlanders, Scottish, on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140
_Hilaria_, Festival of Joy in the rites of Attis, i. 273
Hill, G. F., on image of Artemis at Perga, i. 35 _n._ 2;
on legend of coins of Tarsus, 126 _n._ 2;
on goddess ’Atheh, 162;
on coins of Mallus, 165 _n._ 6
Hill Tout, C., on respect shown by the Indians of British Columbia for the
animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44
Himalayan districts of North-Western India, gardens of Adonis in the, i.
242
Himera, the battle of, i. 115;
hot springs of, 213 _n._ 1
Hindoo burial of infants, i. 94;
marriage custom, old, ii. 246;
worship of perpetual fire, i. 192
Hindoos of Northern India, their mode of drinking moonshine, ii. 144
Hinnom, the Valley of, i. 178;
sacrifice of first-born children in, ii. 219
Hippodamia, her incest with her father, i. 44 _n._ 1
Hirpini, valley of Amsanctus in the land of the, i. 204
Hissar District, Punjaub, i. 94
History not to be explained without the influence of great men, i. 311
_n._ 2
Hittite, correct form of the national name Chatti or Hatti, i. 133 _n._
—— costume, i. 129 _sq._, 131
—— deity named Tark or Tarku, i. 147
—— god of thunder, i. 134, 163
—— gods at Tarsus and Sardes, 185
—— hieroglyphics, i. 124, 125 _n._
—— inscription on Mount Argaeus, i. 190 _n._ 1
—— priest or king, his costume, i. 131 _sq._, 133 _n._
—— sculptures at Carchemish, i. 38 _n._, 123;
at Ibreez, 121 _sqq._;
at Bor (Tyana), 122 _n._ 1;
at Euyuk, 123;
at Boghaz-Keui, 128 _sqq._;
at Babylon, 134;
at Zenjirli, 134;
at Giaour-Kalesi, 138 _n._;
at Kara-Bel, 138 _n._;
at Marash, 173;
in Lydia, 185
—— seals of treaty, i. 136, 142 _n._ 1, 145 _n._ 2
—— Sun-goddess, i. 133 _n._
—— treaty with Egypt, i. 135 _sq._
Hittites worship the bull, i. 123, 132;
their empire, language, etc., 124 _sq._;
traces of mother-kin among the, 141 _sq._
Hkamies of North Aracan, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 61
Ho tribe of Togoland, their kings buried secretly, ii. 104
Hofmayr, W., on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, ii. 164, 166
Hogarth, D. G., on relics of paganism at Paphos, i. 36;
on the Corycian cave, 155 _n._;
on Roman remains at Tarsus, 172 _n._ 1
Hogs sacrificed to goddess of volcano, i. 218 _sq._
Hollis, A. C., on serpent-worship of the Akikuyu, i. 67 _sq._;
on serpent-worship, 84 _sq._
“Holy men” in Syria, i. 77 _sq._
Hommel, Professor F., on the Hittite deity Tarku, i. 147 _n._ 3
Honey and milk offered to snakes, i. 85
Honey-cakes offered to serpent, i. 87
Hope of immortality, the Egyptian, centred in Osiris, ii. 15 _sq._, 90
_sq._, 114, 159
Hopladamus, a giant, i. 157 _n._ 2
Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233
Horkos, the Greek god of oaths, ii. 231 _n._ 5
Horned cap worn by priest or god, i. 123;
of Hittite god, 134
—— god, Hittite and Greek, i. 123
—— lion, i. 127
Horns, as a religious emblem, i. 34;
worn by gods, 163 _sq._
—— of a cow worn by Isis, ii. 50
Horses sacrificed for the use of the dead, i. 293 _sq._;
Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, torn in pieces by, ii. 98
Horus, the four sons of, in the likeness of hawks, ii. 22;
decapitates his mother Isis, 88;
the eye of, 121 with _n._ 3
—— of Edfu identified with the sun, ii. 123
—— the elder, ii. 6
—— the younger, son of Isis and the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 15;
accused by Set of being a bastard, 17;
his combat with Set, 17;
his eye destroyed by Set and restored by Thoth, 17;
reigns over the Delta, 17
Hose, Ch., and McDougall, W., on head-hunting in Borneo, i. 295 _n._ 1
Hosea on religious prostitution, i. 58;
on the Baalim, 75 _n._;
on the prophet as a madman, 77
Hot springs, worship of, i. 206 _sqq._;
Hercules the patron of, 209 _sqq._;
resorted to by childless women in Syria, 213 _sqq._
Huligamma, Indian goddess, eunuchs dedicated to her, i. 271 _n._
Human representatives of Attis, i. 285 _sqq._
—— sacrifice, substitutes for, i. 146 _sq._, 285, 289, ii. 99, 221
—— sacrifices in worship of the moon, i. 73;
to the Tauric Artemis, 115;
to Diomede at Salamis, 145;
offered at earthquakes, 201;
offered at irrigation channels, ii. 38;
of the kings of Ashantee and Dahomey, 97 _n._ 7;
offered to Dionysus, 98 _sq._;
offered by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;
at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168;
to dead kings, 173;
to dead chiefs, 191;
to prolong the life of kings, 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._
Human victims thrown into volcanoes, i. 219 _sq._;
uses made of their skins, 293;
as representatives of the corn-spirit, ii. 97, 106 _sq._;
killed with hoes, spades, and rakes, 99 _n._ 2
Hunger the root of the worship of Adonis, i. 231
Hurons, their burial of infants, i. 91
Huzuls of the Carpathians, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130;
their cure for water-brash, 149 _sq._
Hyacinth, son of Amyclas, killed by Apollo, i. 313;
his flower, 313 _sq._;
his tomb and festival, 314 _sq._;
an aboriginal deity, 315 _sq._;
his sister Polyboea, 316;
perhaps a deified king of Amyclae, i. 316 _sq._
Hyacinthia, the festival of Hyacinth, i. 314 _sq._
Hyacinthius, a Greek month, i. 315 _n._
Hybristica, an Argive festival, ii. 259 _n._ 3
Hygieia, the goddess, i. 88 _n._ 1
Hymns to Tammuz, i. 9;
to the sun-god, ii. 123 _sq._
Hyria in Cilicia, i. 41
Ibani of the Niger delta, their sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings
and others, ii. 222
Ibans or Sea Dyaks, their worship of serpents, i. 83.
_See_ Sea Dyaks
Ibn Batuta, Arab traveller, on funeral of emperor of China, i. 293 _sq._
Ibreez in Southern Cappadocia, i. 119 _sqq._;
village of, 120 _sq._;
Hittite sculptures at, 121 _sqq._
——, the god of, i. 119 _sqq._;
his horned cap, 164
Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50;
bilingual inscription of, 49 _n._ 7;
Melcarth worshipped at, 117
Ideals of humanity, two different, the heroic and the saintly, i. 300;
great religious, a product of the male imagination, ii. 211
Ideler, L., on the date of the introduction of the fixed Alexandrian year,
ii. 28 _n._ 1;
on the Sothic period, 37 _n._
Ignorance of paternity, primitive, i. 106 _sq._
Il Mayek clan of the Njamus, their supposed power over irrigation water
and the crops, ii. 39
Ilium, animals sacrificed by hanging at, i. 292
Illumination, nocturnal, at festival of Osiris, ii. 50 _sq._;
of graves on All Souls’ Day, 72 _sq._, 74
Ilpirra of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, i. 99
Images of Osiris made of vegetable mould, ii. 85, 87, 90 _sq._, 91
Immortality, Egyptian hope of, centred in Osiris, ii. 15 sq., 90 _sq._,
114, 159
Impregnation of women by serpents, i. 80 _sqq._;
by the dead, 91;
by ghosts, 93;
by the flower of the banana, 93;
supposed, through eating food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105;
by fire, ii. 235.
_See also_ Conception
—— of Isis by the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 20
—— without sexual intercourse, belief in, i. 96 _sqq._
Incense burnt at the rites of Adonis, i. 228;
burnt in honour of the Queen of Heaven, 228;
collected by a flail, ii. 109 _n._ 1
Incest with a daughter in royal families, reported cases of, i. 43 _sq._
Inconsistency of common thought, i. 4
Increase of the moon the time for increasing money, ii. 148 _sq._
India, sacred women (dancing-girls) in, i. 61 _sqq._;
impregnation of women by stone serpents in, 81 _sq._;
burial of infants in, 93 _sq._;
gardens of Adonis in, 239 _sqq._;
eunuchs dedicated to a goddess in, 271 _n._;
drinking moonlight as a medicine in, ii. 142
Indian ceremonies analogous to the rites of Adonis, i. 227
—— prophet, his objections to agriculture, i. 88 _sq._
Indians of tropical America represent the rain-god weeping, ii. 33 _n._ 3;
of California, their annual festivals of the dead, 52 _sq._;
of Brazil attend to the moon more than to the sun, 138 _n._;
of San Juan Capistrano, their ceremony at the new moon, 142;
of the Ucayali River in Peru, their greeting to the new moon, 142;
of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the, 254, 255 _sq._
Infant sons of kings placed by goddesses on fire, i. 180
Infants buried so as to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 _sqq._;
burial of, at Gezer, 108 _sq._
Influence of great men on the popular imagination, ii. 199;
of mother-kin on religion, 202 _sqq._
Ingarda tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children,
i. 104
Ingleborough in Yorkshire, i. 152
Inheritance of property under mother-kin, rules of, ii. 203 _n._ 1
Injibandi tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of
children, i. 105
Insect, soul of dead in, i. 95 _sq._, ii. 162
Insensibility to pain as a sign of inspiration, i. 169 _sq._
Inspiration, insensibility to pain as sign of, i. 169 _sq._;
savage theory of, i. 299
——, prophetic, under the influence of music, i. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74;
through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192 _sq._
Inspired men and women in the Pelew Islands, ii. 207 _sq._
Intercalation introduced to correct the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26, 27,
28;
in the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28 _n._ 3
_Inuus_, epithet applied to Faunus, ii. 234 _n._ 3
Invisible, charm to make an army, ii. 251
Iolaus, friend of Hercules, i. 111
Iranian year, the old, ii. 67
Iranians, the old, their annual festival of the dead (Fravashis), ii. 67
_sq._
Ireland, sacred oaks in, i. 37 _n._ 2
Irle, J., on the religion of the Herero, ii. 186 _sq._
Iron not allowed to touch Atys, i. 286 _n._ 5
Irrigation in ancient Egypt, ii. 31 _sq._;
rites of, in Egypt, 33 _sqq._;
sacrifices offered in connexion with, 38 _sq._
Isa or Parvati, an Indian goddess, i. 241
Isaac, Abraham’s attempted sacrifice of, ii. 219 _n._ 1
Isaiah, on the king’s pyre in Tophet, i. 177, 178;
possible allusion to gardens of Adonis in, 236 _n._ 1;
on dew, 247 _n._ 1
Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess, i. 8, 20 _n._ 2;
in relation to Tammuz, 8 _sq._
—— (Astarte) and Mylitta, i. 36, 37 _n._ 1
Isis, sister and wife of Osiris, ii. 6 _sq._;
date of the festival of, 26 _n._ 2, 33;
as a cow or a woman with the head of a cow, i. 50, ii. 50, 85, 88 _n._
1, 91;
invoked by Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45, 117;
in the form of a hawk, 8, 20;
in the papyrus swamps, 8;
in the form of a swallow, 9;
at Byblus, 9 _sq._;
at the well, 9, 111 _n._ 6;
her search for the body of Osiris, 10, 50, 85;
recovers and buries the body of Osiris, 10 _sq._;
mourns Osiris, 12;
restores Osiris to life, 13;
her tears supposed to swell the Nile, 33;
her priest wears a jackal’s mask, 85 _n._ 3;
decapitated by her son Horus, 88 _n._ 1;
her temple at Philae, 89, 111;
her many names, 115;
sister and wife of Osiris, 116;
a corn-goddess, 116 _sq._;
her discovery of wheat and barley, 116;
identified with Ceres, 117;
identified with Demeter, 117;
as the ideal wife and mother, 117 _sq._;
refinement and spiritualization of, 117 _sq._;
popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, 118;
her resemblance to the Virgin Mary, 118 _sq._;
Sirius her star, 34 _sq._, 152
Isis and the king’s son at Byblus, i. 180;
and the scorpions, ii. 8
Iswara or Mahadeva, an Indian god, i. 241, 242
Italian myths of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235
Italy, hot springs in, i. 213;
divination at Midsummer in, 254
Itch of Hercules, i. 209
Itongo, an ancestral spirit (Zulu term, singular of Amatongo), ii. 184
_n._ 2, 185
Ivy, sacred to Attis, i. 278;
sacred to Osiris, ii. 112
Jablonski, P. E., on Osiris as a sun-god, ii. 120
Jackal-god Up-uat, ii. 154
Jackal’s mask worn by priest of Isis, 11, 85 _n._ 3
Jamblichus on insensibility to pain as sign of inspiration, i. 169;
on the purifying virtue of fire, 181
January, the sixth of, reckoned in the East the Nativity of Christ, i. 304
Janus in Roman mythology, ii. 235 _n._ 6
—— -like deity on coins, i. 165
Japan, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65
Jars, children buried in, i. 109 _n._ 1
Jason and Medea, i. 181 _n._ 1
Jastrow, Professor M., on the festival of Tammuz, i. 10 _n._ 1;
on the character of Tammuz, 230 _n._
Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202 _n._ 1;
the Valley of Poison in, 203 _sq._;
worship of volcanoes in, 220 _sq._
Jawbone, the ghost of the dead thought to adhere to the, ii. 167 _sq._
—— and navel-string of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, ii. 197
Jawbones, lower, of dead kings of Uganda preserved and worshipped, ii. 167
_sq._, 169 _sq._, 171 _sq._;
the ghosts of the kings supposed to attach to their jawbones, 169
Jâyi or Jawâra, festival in Upper India, i. 242
_Jebel Hissar_, Olba, i. 151
Jehovah in relation to thunder, i. 22 _n._ 3;
in relation to rain, 23 _n._ 1
Jensen, P., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 137 _n._ 4;
on Hittite inscription, 145 _n._ 2;
on the Syrian god Hadad, 163 _n._ 3
Jeremiah, on the prophet as a madman, i. 77;
on birth from stocks and stones, 107
Jericho, death of Herod at, i. 214
Jerome, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 _n._ 1;
on the worship of Adonis at Bethlehem, 257
Jerusalem, mourning for Tammuz at, i. 11, 17, 20;
the Canaanite kings of, 17;
the returned captives at, 23;
the Destroying Angel over, 24;
besieged by Sennacherib, 25;
the religious orchestra at, 52;
“great burnings” for the kings at, 177 _sq._;
the king’s pyre at, 177 _sq._;
Church of the Holy Sepulchre at, Good Friday ceremonies in the, 255
_n._;
the sacrifice of first-born children at, ii. 219
Jewish priests, their rule as to the pollution of death, ii. 230
Jews of Egypt, costume of bride and bridegroom among the, ii. 260
Joannes Lydus, on Phrygian rites at Rome, i. 266 _n._ 2
John Barleycorn, i. 230 _sq._
Johns, Dr. C. H. W., on Babylonian votaries, i. 71 _n._ 3 and 5
Johnston, Sir H. H., on eunuch priests on the Congo, i. 271 _n._
Josephus, on worship of kings of Damascus, i. 15;
on the Tyropoeon, 178
Josiah, reforms of king, i. 17 _n._ 5, 18 _n._ 3, 25, 107
Jualamukhi in the Himalayas, perpetual fires, i. 192
Judah, laments for dead kings of, i. 20
Judean maid impregnated by serpent, i. 81
Julian, the emperor, his entrance into Antioch, i. 227, 258;
on the Mother of the Gods, 299 _n._ 3;
restores the standard cubit to the Serapeum, ii. 217 _n._ 1
Julian calendar introduced by Caesar, ii. 37, 93 _n._ 1
—— year, ii. 28
Juno, the Flaminica Dialis sacred to, ii. 230 _n._ 2;
the wife of Jupiter, 231