Rustchuk 50,000
Philippopoli (Felibe) 40,000
Bitolia (Monastir) 40,000
Skoplie (Uskub) 28,000
Kalkandelen 22,000
Sofia 20,000
Vidin 20,000
Silistria 20,000
Shishtova 20,000
Varna 20,000
Eski-Za’ara 18,000
Bazarjik 18,000
Nish 16,000
Veleze (Koprili) 15,000
Razgrad 15,000
Turnov (Tirnova) 12,000
Sliven (Slivno) 12,000
Prilip 12,000
Kezanlik 10,000
Stanimako 10,000
Florina 10,000
Kurshova 9,000
Sulina 5,000
[41] Receipts for 1874, £20,400,000; debts in 1875, £220,000,000.
[42] Races and religions of Turkey in Europe (Servia, Montenegro, and
Rumania excluded):―
Total. Mussulmans. Greek Roman Other
Catholics. Catholics. Christians.
Slavs Servians 1,114,000 442,000 492,000 180,000 ――
Bulgarians 2,861,000 790,000 2,051,000 20,000 ――
Russians, &c. 10,000 ―― ―― 2,000 8,000
Greeks 1,176,000 38,000 1,138,000 ―― ――
Greco-Latins Rumanians 50,000 ―― 50,000 ―― ――
Zinzares 150,000 ―― 150,000 ―― ――
Albanians Gheges 1,031,000 773,000 178,000 80,000 ――
Tosks
Turks Osmanli 1,352,000 1,352,000 ―― ―― ――
Tartars 40,000 40,000 ―― ―― ――
Semites Arabs 3,000 3,000 ―― ―― ――
Jews 72,000 ―― ―― ―― ――
Armenians 100,000 ―― ―― 10,000 ――
Circassians 144,000 144,000 ―― ―― ――
Tsiganes (Gipsies) 104,000 52,000 52,000 ―― ――
Franks 60,000 ―― ―― 50,000 10,000
――――――――― ――――――――― ――――――――― ――――――― ―――――――
Total 8,267,000 3,584,000 4,111,000 342,000 108,000
═════════ ═════════ ═════════ ═══════ ═══════
[43] Area and population of the Turkish Empire:―
Area, Mohammedans
Square Miles. Population. per cent.
Constantinople (including Army, &c.) 1,040 531,000 55
_Vilayets_:―
Edirneh, or Adrianople (Thracia) 26,160 1,307,000 39
Tuna (Danube), or Bulgaria 34,120 2,303,000 40
Saloniki (Macedonia) 12,950 499,000 50
Prisrend (Upper Macedonia) 18,320 1,392,000 57
Shkodra, or Scutari (Upper Albania) 5,310 171,000 48
Bosna Serai, or Serayevo (Bosnia) 17,900 940,000 42
Herzegovina 5,720 144,000 41
Yanina (Epirus and Thessaly) 18,320 711,000 35
Crete, or Candia 3,326 210,000 18
European Islands 400 60,000 7
―――――――― ―――――――――― ――
Turkey in Europe 143,566 8,267,000 44
Turkey in Asia 745,000 13,176,000 86
Tripoli, &c. 344,000 1,150,000 99
――――――――― ―――――――――― ――
Total Ottoman Empire 1,231,566 22,593,000 71
Tributary States
Rumania 46,710 5,180,000 ――
Servia 16,820 1,377,000 ――
Egypt 869,360 17,000,000 70
Tunis 45,700 2,000,000 99
――――――――― ―――――――――― ――
Total Turkish Empire 2,210,156 48,150,000 63
═════════ ══════════ ══
[44] Officially called Romania, and frequently spelt Roumania: in
French it is Roumanie.
[45]
Wallachia and Moldavia 4,460,000
Austro-Hungary 2,896,000
Bessarabia and other parts of Russia 600,000
Servia 155,000
Turkey 200,000
Greece 4,000
―――――――――
Total 8,315,000
[46] Mean temperature at Bucharest, 46° F.; maximum, 113° F.; minimum,
−22° F.; difference, 135° F.
[47] Mean volume of the Danube (according to C. Hartley), 2,000,000
gallons per second; maximum volume, 6,160,000 gallons; mean volume of
Kilia mouth, 1,276,000 gallons; mean of St. George’s mouth, 572,000
gallons; mean of Sulina mouth, 176,000 gallons per second. Mean
alluvial deposits of Danube, 2,119 cubic feet per annum.
[48] Approximate population of Rumania in 1875, 5,232,500 souls, of
whom 3,260,000 were in Wallachia, and 1,972,500 in Moldavia. There
were 4,460,000 Rumanians, 90,000 Bulgarians, 40,000 Russians and other
Slavs, 50,000 Magyars, 130,000 Tsigani, 400,000 Jews, 10,000 Armenians,
and 52,500 foreigners (30,000 Austrians, 10,000 Greeks, 5,000 Germans,
1,500 French).
[49] Of the total area of Rumania 6,000,000 acres are corn-lands,
600,000 acres produce wine, tobacco, &c., 5,000,000 consist of forests,
9,000,000 of pastures and meadows, and 8,000,000 are uncultivated.
In 1874 there were 600,000 horses, 2,900,000 head of cattle, 100,000
buffaloes, 5,000,000 sheep, 1,200,000 pigs, and 500,000 goats.
[50] Exports, average of 1865–75, £6,700,000; imports, £4,300,000.
[51] Railroads, 1,800 miles; high-roads, 2,650 miles; telegraphs, 2,500
miles; steamers on the Danube, 29, of 7,620 tons burden.
[52] Number of inhabitants of the principal towns of Rumania (official
spelling; vulgar or phonetic spelling in parenthesis):―
_Wallachia._—Bucuresci (Bucharest), 221,800; Ploiesti (Ploeshti),
33,000; Braila, 28,270; Craiova, 22,764; Giurgiu (Jurjevo, or
Giurgevo), 20,866; Buzeu (Busau), 11,100; Alecsandria, 11,000;
Campulung, 9,900; Pitesci (Piteshti), 8,500; Caracalu, 8,600.
_Moldavia._—Jasi (Yassy), 90,000; Galati (Galatz), 80,000; Botosani,
39,900; Barladu (Byrlat), 26,600; Smeilu (Ismail), 21,000; Focsani,
20,300; Peatra, 20,000; Husi, 18,500; Roman, 16,900; Falticeni, 15,000;
Bacau, 13,000; Dorohoi, 10,000; Bolgradu, 9,600; Chilie (Kilia), 8,900;
Reni, 7,600.
[53] Average annual expenditure, 1871–76, £3,650,000; public debt,
£19,500,000, including £13,000,000 expended upon railways; estimated
value of the domains, £20,000,000.
[54] Authorities:—Kanitz, “Serbien;” Ubicini, “Les Serbes de Turquie;”
Cyprien Robert, “Les Slaves de Turquie;” Louis Léger, “Le Monde Slave;”
Lejean, “Visite au Montenegro.”
[55] Mean temperature at Belgrad, 48° F.; extremes, 106° and 3°; range,
103° F.
[56] The population of Servia in 1875 was 1,377,068, of whom about
1,110,000 were Servians, 160,000 Wallachians, 20,000 Zinzares, 50,000
Bulgarians, 30,000 gipsies, &c.
[57] The exports in 1874 were valued at £1,400,000, and included 34,104
head of cattle, 271,219 pigs 1,172,571 sheep and goat skins, wheat,
raki, &c.
[58] There are a university, a military academy, a seminary, an
agricultural school, 11 superior schools, and 377 elementary schools,
with 567 teachers, and about 20,000 pupils.
[59] Authorities:—Zuccagni Orlandini, “Corografia fisica, storica e
statistica dell’ Italia e delle sue Isole;” Marmocchi, “Descrizione
d’Italia;” Amato Amati, “L’Italia sotto l’aspetto fisico, storico,
artistico e statistico;” Taine, “Voyage en Italie;” Gregorovius,
“Wanderjahre in Italien,” “Geschichte der Stadt Rom;” Ann. di Saluzzo,
“Le Alpi che cingono l’Italia;” Cattaneo e Lombardini, “Notizie
naturali e civili su la Lombardia;” Lombardini, “Pianura subapennina,”
“Condizione idraulica del Po;” Martins, Gastaldi, “Terrains
superficiels de la vallée du Pô;” De Mortillet, “Anciens glaciers
du versant méridional des Alpes,” “Mémoires divers;” Bertolotti,
“Liguria maritima;” Targioni Tozzetti, “Voyage en Toscane;” Salvagnoli
Marchetti, “Maremme Toscane;” Noël des Vergers, “L’Étrurie et les
Étrusques;” Beulé, “Fouilles et découvertes;” Giordano, “Roma e suo
territorio;” Ponzi, “Histoire naturelle du Latium;” De Prony, “Marais
Pontins;” Works of D’Ampère and Stendhal, &c.; Davies, “Pilgrimage
of the Tiber;” Francis Wey, “Rome;” Spallanzani, “Voyage dans les
Deux-Siciles;” Smyth, “Sicily and its Islands;” Dolomieu, “Voyage aux
îles de Lipari;” De Quatrefages, “Souvenirs d’un naturaliste;” La
Marmora, “Voyage en Sardaigne, Description statistique, physique et
politique de l’île;” Mantegazza, “Profili e paesaggi della Sardegna;”
Von Maltzan, “Reise auf der Insel Sardinien;” Spano, “Itinerario della
Sardegna;” Correnti e Maestri, “Statistica dell’ Italia.”
[60] Area of the kingdom of Italy, 114,413 square miles; population in
1875, 27,482,174.
[61] Pié di Monte, Piedmont, or Piemonte, _i.e._ mountain-foot.
[62] Principal Alpine summits of Italy:—Monte Viso, 12,585 feet; Grand
Paradis, 13,271 feet; Monte della Disgrazia, 11,840 feet; Adamello,
11,677 feet; Antelao, 10,680 feet; Brunone (Orobia range), 10,370 feet;
Generoso, 5,670 feet; Monte Baldo, 7,310 feet; Monte Bolca, 3,143 feet.
[63] Altitudes:—Source of the Po, 6,400 feet; Saluzzo, 1,200 feet;
Turin, 755 feet; Pavia (mouth of Ticino), 330 feet; Piacenza, 217 feet;
Cremona, 150 feet; Mantua, 89 feet; Ferrara, 20 feet.
[64] Italian Alpine lakes having an area of more than five square
miles:―
Average Area. Average Altitude. Depth, Feet. Capacity.
Name. Sq. Miles. Feet. Max. Average. Millions of Galls.
Lake of Orta 5·4 1,122 820(?) 490(?) 462,000
Verbano, or Lago Maggiore 81·4 646 1,230 690 9,680,000
Lake of Varese 6·2 771 85 33 35,200
Ceresio, or Lake of Lugano 19·3 889 950 490 1,584,000
Lario, or Lake of Como 60·2 663 1,352 810 7,700,000
Sebino, or Lake of Iseo 23·0 646 980 490 1,980,000
Lake of Idro 5·4 1,240 400(?) (?) (?)
Benaco, or Lake of Garda 115·8 226 960(?) 490 9,900,000
[65] Volume of Adda and Ticino at their point of egress from the Alpine
lakes, according to Lombardini:―
_Adda._—Average 6,600, minimum 567, maximum 29,000 cubic feet per
second. _Ticino._—Average 11,400, minimum 1,770, maximum 77,400 cubic
feet per second.
[66] Principal rivers of Northern Italy:―
Length. Area of Basin. Volume in Cubic Feet per Second.
Miles. Sq. Miles. Maximum. Minimum. Average.
Isonzo 80 1,235 ―― ―― 4,240?
Tagliamento 105 800 ―― ―― 5,300?
Livenza 72 795 25,400 ―― 1,400?
Piave 134 2,010 ―― ―― 11,300
Sile 37 540 1,550 350 700?
Brenta 105 1,510 30,000 137 1,930
Bacchiglione 74 187 320 ―― 1,270
Adige 246 8,648 85,000 70 16,950
Po 416 26,799 182,500 550 60,700
Reno 112 1,930 53,500 35 8,300
[67] Average volume of the canals of the valley of the Po (cubic feet
per second):—Muzza, 2,153; Naviglio Grande, 1,800; Canal Cavour, 1,482;
Martesana, 918 cubic feet.
[68] Humidity of the air at Milan, 74·5 per cent.; annual rainfall
at Milan, 38·8 in.; at Turin, 31·8 in.; at Tolmezza, on the Upper
Tagliamento, 82·3 in.
[69] Mean annual temperature of Turin, 53·10° F.; hottest month
(April), 73·13°; coldest month (January), 33·10°. Milan: mean, 14·04°;
July, 74·84°; January, 23·26°. Venice: mean, 55·52° F.; July, 25·06°;
January, 35·28°.
[70]
Area, Square Miles.
Dec. 31st, 1875. Population. Density.
Piemont 11,308 2,995,213 265
Lombardy 9,084 3,553,913 391
Venice 9,060 2,733,406 302
Emilia 7,921 2,153,381 272
―――――― ―――――――――― ―――
Total 37,373 11,435,913 306
[71] Population of the principal towns of Piemont (1871):—Turin,
192,442; Alessandria, 29,102; Novarra, 24,185; Vercelli, 20,626; Casale
Monferrato, 20,436; Asti, 19,466; Novi Ligure, 12,162; Mondovi, 11,958;
Cuneo, 11,859; Pinerolo, 11,832; Biella, 11,814; Saluzzo, 9,796;
Savigliano, 9,544; Bra, 9,196; Alba, 9,147; Chieri, 8,986; Tortona,
8,620; Acqui, 8,332; Fossano, 7,272; Carmagnola, 3,830.
[72] Population of the towns of Lombardy (1871):—Milan (Milano),
261,985; Brescia, 38,906; Bergamo, 34,555; Cremona, 30,919; Pavia,
29,618; Mantua (Mantova), 26,687; Como, 24,350; Lodi, 19,088; Monza,
17,431; Vigevano, 14,096; Busto Arsizio, 12,909; Varese, 12,605;
Voghera, 11,903; Treviglio, 11,883.
[73] Population of the principal towns of Emilia (1871):—Bologna,
89,104; Parma, 41,915; Piacenza, 34,908; Ferrara, 33,327; Modena,
30,854; Faenza, 23,752; Ravenna, 21,774; Reggio, 19,131; Imola, 18,189;
Cesena, 17,594; Forli, 15,324; Rimini, 9,747; Lugo, 8,664; Comacchio,
7,007.
[74] Tonnage of vessels which entered and cleared (including the
coasting trade):—588,095 tons in 1865; 1,070,600 tons in 1875. Value of
imports by sea (1874):—£5,960,200; of exports, £2,848,040.
[75] Population of the principal towns of Venetia (1871):—Venice
(Venezia), 128,901; Verona, 65,876; Padua (Padova), 52,011; Vicenza,
26,994; Udine, 22,692; Chioggia, 19,841; Treviso 18,547; Cavarzere,
12,336; Vittoria (formerly called Ceneda), 10,533; Adria, 9,834;
Rovigo, 7,974; Feltre, 6,570; Belluno, 5,770; Este, 5,743.
[76] Area, 2,153 square miles; population (1871), 843,250; density, 391.
[77] Principal altitudes in Liguria:—Clapier de Pagarin, 10,073 feet;
Col di Tenda, 6,146 feet; Monte Carsino, 8,794 feet; Col d’Altare,
1,600 feet; Col di Giovi, 1,538 feet; Monte Penna, 5,709 feet.
[78] Average temperature of Genoa, 60·8° F.; days with rain, 121;
rainfall, 45 inches. Average temperature of San Remo, 62·6; days with
rain, 45; rainfall, 3·15 in.
[79] Tonnage of vessels which entered and cleared (including coasting
vessels):—1861, 1,936,764; 1867, 2,330,000; 1875, 3,109,796 tons. In
the last-named year 3,144 sailing vessels and 970 steamers entered in
the coast trade, 1,462 sailing vessels and 860 steamers from abroad.
[80] Annual produce of olive oil in the province of Porto Maurizio,
which includes San Remo, 778,500 gallons.
[81] Population of the principal towns of Liguria (1871):—Genoa
(Genova), 132,521; Savona, 24,851; Spezia, 15,636; San Pier d’Arena,
15,568; Sestri Ponente, 9,605; San Remo, 9,017; Chiavari, 8,414;
Oneglia, 7,944.
[82] Area of Tuscany, 9,287 square miles; population (1871), 1,983,810;
density, 214.
[83] Altitudes (in English feet):―
_Apennines._—Alps of Succiso, 6,625; Alps of Camporaghena (Garfagnana),
6,565; Monte Cimone, 7,111; Monte Falterone, or Falterona, 5,407.
_Passes._—Pass of Pontremoli, or La Cisa (Sarzana to Parma), 3,410;
Pass of Fiumalbo (Lucca to Modena), 3,940; Pass of Futa, or Pietramala
(Florence to Bologna), 3,002; Pass of Camaldoli, 3,290.
_Anti-Apennines._—Pisanino (Alpe Apuana), 6,608; Pietra Marina (Monte
Albano), 1,886; Prato Magno, 5,183; Alpe di Catenaja, 4,595 feet.
[84] 134,000 tons of marble were quarried in 1873, valued at nearly
£500,000 sterling.
[85] In 1873 5,466 vessels of 920,626 tons entered: 5,314 vessels of
901,533 tons cleared, inclusive of coasting vessels.
[86] Area, 85 square miles; population, 21,722 souls.
[87] Population of the principal towns of Tuscany (in 1871):—Florence
(Firenze), 167,093; Leghorn (Livorno), 89,462; Pisa, 41,796; Siena,
22,965; Lucca, 21,286; Prato, 15,924; Carrara, 10,848; Pistoja, 12,966;
Arezzo, 11,151; Viareggio, 9,983; Pontedera, 7,991; San Casciano,
6,862; Fojano della Chiana, 6,127; Empoli, 5,949; Volterra, 5,796;
Massa Maritima, 5,766; Porto Ferrajo, 5,779; Fucecchio, 5,755; Figline
Valdarno, 5,673; Montalcino, 5,186; Pontassieve, 5,141; Pontelungo,
5,039; Buti, 5,029; Massa, 4,786; Orbetello, 4,674; Pontremoli, 4,473.
[88]
Area, Square Population Density.
Miles. (1871).
Rome 4,552 836,700 184
Umbria 3,720 549,600 148
Marches 3,751 915,420 244
Abruzzos 4,898 918,770 188
―――――― ――――――――― ―――
16,921 3,220,490 190
══════ ═════════ ═══
[89] VOLCANIC LAKES:—_Bolsena_: area, 42 sq. m.; height, 995 ft.;
depth, 460 ft. _Bracciano_: area, 22 sq. m.; height, 495 ft.; depth,
820 ft. _Albano_: area, 2·3 sq. m.; height, 1,000 ft.; depth, 466 ft.
_Nemi_: area, 0·8 sq. m.; height, 1,108 ft.; depth, 164 ft. SHALLOW
LAKES:—_Trasimeno_: area, 46 sq. m.; height, 843 ft.; depth, 21 ft.
_Fucino_ (in 1860): area, 61 sq. m.; height, 2,300 ft.; depth, 92 ft.
[90] Basin, 6,475 square miles; length, 260 miles, of which 60 are
navigable.
[91] Annual rainfall at Rome, 30·7 inches; at the foot of the
Apennines, 43·3 in.; on the summits, 94·5 in. Volume of the Tiber:
average 10,180 cubic ft.; maximum, 60,400 cubic ft.; minimum, 4,650
cubic ft., a second.
[92] Water supply of some leading cities (in gallons):―
Per Second. Per Day. Per Inhabitant.
Rome (1869) 481 41,580,000 208
Paris (1875) 904 78,100,000 44
London (1874) 1,262 110,000,000 27·5
Glasgow (1874) 373 32,482,500 52
Washington (1870) 741 66,000,000 660
[93] Value of exports and imports, 1863, £1,348,000; 1868, £999,660.
[94] Tonnage of vessels which entered and cleared at the ports of
Latium in 1873:—Cività Vecchia, 520,000 (1875, 600,351); Fiumicino,
63,000; Porto d’Anzio, 30,900; Terracina, 335,000 tons.
[95] Towns of Latium (1871):—Rome, 229,356 (1876, 264,280); Viterbo,
16,326; Velletri, 14,798; Cività Vecchia, 10,484; Ferentino, 8,360;
Tivoli, 7,730; Frosinone, 7,714; Subiaco, 6,990; Sezze, 6,659; Alatri,
6,393 inhabitants.
[96] Population of the principal towns of Umbria (1871):—Perugia,
16,708; Rieti, 12,905; Terni, 12,419; Foligno, 8,471; Spoleto, 7,490;
Orvieto, 7,423; Città di Castello, 6,588; Assisi, 6,225; Gubbio, 5,343.
[97] Tonnage of vessels which entered and cleared from Ancona in the
coast and foreign trade; 258,292 tons in 1858, 372,877 tons in 1867,
751,689 tons in 1875.
[98] Towns of the Marches having over 10,000 inhabitants:—Ancona,
35,111; Jesi, 13,472; Sinigaglia, 11,173; Ascoli-Piceno, 11,373; Fermo,
15,862; Macerata, 11,194; Pesaro, 12,375; Urbino, 10,194.
_Abruzzos_:—Lanciano, 15,432; Chieti, 14,321; Aquila, 13,513;
Campobusso, 13,345; Solmona, 12,583; Vasto, 10,093.
[99] Area of San Marino, 24 square miles; population (1874), 7,816.
[100] Area, exclusive of the Abruzzos, 28,002 square miles; population,
6,251,750.
[101] Mean annual temperature of Naples, 62° F.; extremes, 23° and
104°; rainfall, 37 inches.
[102] In 1868 69 per cent. of the men and 88 per cent. of the women
married in the Campania, the most educated province of Naples, were not
able to sign their names. In the Basilicata the proportions were 85 and
96 per cent. !
[103] In 1873 there were 363 fishing-boats, and 90,000 lbs. of coral,
valued at £92,000, were obtained.
[104] In 1864 10,694 vessels, of 1,496,500 tons burden, entered and
cleared the port of Naples; in 1875 11,288 vessels, of 2,923,922 tons.
[105] In 1862 1,100 vessels, of 75,000 tons, entered and cleared at
Brindisi; in 1875, 1,342 vessels, inclusive of 396 steamers, of 771,096
tons, in the foreign trade.
[106] Towns of Naples having over 10,000 inhabitants (in 1870):—Naples
(Napoli), 421,803; Bari, 49,423; Foggia, 34,181; Andria, 32,678;
Reggio, 29,854; Barletta, 27,444; Molfetta, 26,516; Corato, 26,018;
Trani, 24,026; Bitonto, 23,087; Taranto, 22,858; Castellamare di
Stabia, 22,037; Cerignola, 21,739; Lecce, 21,081; Salerno, 20,611;
Aversa, 19,734; Bisceglia, 19,007; Torre del Greco, 18,950; Catanzaro,
18,781; Potenza, 18,513; Gaeta, 18,385; Avellino, 18,260; Gerlizzi,
18,175; Maddaloni, 17,578; Afragola, 17,541; Francavilla Fontana,
17,457; Benevento, 17,370; Altamura, 17,004; Santa Maria di Capua
Vetere, 16,785; San Severo, 16,545; Torre dell’ Annunziata, 15,321;
Ruvo di Puglia, 15,055; Monte Sant’ Angelo, 14,902; Rossano, 14,818;
San Marco in Lamis, 14,540; Cosenza, 14,522; Caserta, 14,578; Canosa
di Puglia, 14,458; Ostuni, 14,422; Ariano di Puglia, 14,347; Matera,
14,262; Monopoli, 13,800; Minervino Murge, 13,630; Martina Franca,
13,440; Campobasso, 13,345; Brindisi, 13,194; Lucera, 13,064; Acerra,
12,858; Ceglia Messacapio, 12,582; Gioja del Colla, 12,442; Pagani,
12,208; Fasano, 12,190; Capua, 12,174; Cittanova, 12,137; Palo di
Colla, 11,887; Mola di Bari, 11,775; Pozzuoli, 11,751; Rionera in
Voltara, 11,520; Amalfi, 11,225; Resina, 11,132; Sarno, 10,933; San
Giovanni del Teduccio, 10,898; Nola, 10,771; Giugliano in Campania,
10,751; Lauria, 10,609; Frattamaggiore, 10,486; Corigliano Calabro,
10,481; Nicastro, 10,418; Cairano, 10,081; Montecorvo, 10,020;
Conversano, 10,012.
[107] Minimum width of the Strait of Messina, 10,330 feet; maximum
depth, 1,090 feet; average depth, 246 feet.
[108] Area of Sicily, 11,290 square miles; population in 1870,
2,565,300 souls; density, 227.
[109] Mean annual temperature at Palermo and Messina, 64° F.; at
Catania and Girgenti, 68° F.; rainfall at Palermo, 26 inches.
[110] The salt marshes of the province of Trapani cover an area of
2,100 acres, and yielded, in 1865, 55,000 tons of salt, valued at
£24,200.
[111] In 1862 27,596 vessels, of 1,825,232 tons burden, entered and
cleared from Sicilian ports; in 1869 34,989 vessels, of 2,869,327
tons; in 1873 70,974 vessels, of 5,942,700 tons. In 1875 the number of
vessels and tonnage which entered and cleared was—at Messina, 9,213
vessels, of 2,335,144 tons; at Palermo, 11,692 vessels, of 1,812,195
tons; at Catania, 5,137 vessels, of 529,539 tons; and at Trapani, 5,407
vessels, of 288,475 tons.
[112] Towns of Sicily having more than 10,000 inhabitants (in
1871):—Palermo, 186,406; Messina, 71,921; Catania, 84,397; Marsala,
34,202; Modica, 33,169; Trapani, 28,052; Acireale, 26,692; Caltagirone,
25,978; Ragusa Superiore, 21,494; Caltanissetta, 21,464; Canicatti,
20,908; Alcamo, 20,890; Castelvetrano, 20,420; Partinico, 20,098;
Syracuse (Siracusa), 20,035; Termini Imerese, 19,646; Girgenti, 19,603;
Sciacca, 18,896; Piazza Armerina, 18,252; Vittoria, 17,528; Giarre,
17,414; Comiso, 16,694; Corleone, 16,150; Licata, 15,966; Favara,
15,233; Vizzini, 14,942; Terranova di Sicilia, 14,911; Paterno,
14,790; Noto, 14,767; Aderno, 14,673; Bronte, 14,589; Nicosia, 14,544;
Castrogiovanni, 14,511; Barcellona or Pozzo di Gotto, 14,471; Salemi,
14,096; Palma di Montechiaro, 13,497; Monreale, 13,496; Gangi, 13,057;
San Cataldo, 12,899; Biancavilla, 12,631; Partana, 12,467; Mazzara del
Valle, 12,155; Leonforte, 12,010; Mazzarino, 11,951; Avola, 11,912;
Agira, 11,876; Bagheria, 11,651; Riesi, 11,548; Agosta, 11,382;
Castellamare del Golfo, 11,280; Mistretta, 11,218; Racalmuto, 11,012;
Niscemi, 10,750; Sciecli, 10,724; Lentini, 10,578; Cefalù, 10,194;
Froina, 10,193; Grammicheli, 10,192; Pietraperzia, 10,149; Palazzolo
Acreide, 10,132.
[113] Area and population of the Liparic Islands:—Lipari, 12·4 square
miles, 14,000 inhabitants; Vulcano, 9·7 square miles, 100 inhabitants;
Panaria and neighbouring islets, 7·7 square miles, 200 inhabitants;
Stromboli, 7·7 square miles, 500 inhabitants; Salina, 10·8 square
miles, 4,500 inhabitants; Felicudi, 5·9 square miles, 800 inhabitants;
Alicudi, 3 square miles, 300 inhabitants. Total, 57·2 square miles,
18,400 inhabitants.
[114] Pantellaria, 39·7 square miles, 6,000 inhabitants; Linosa,
4·6 square miles, 900 inhabitants; Lampedusa, 3 square miles, 600
inhabitants.
[115] The tonnage of vessels which enter and clear annually from
foreign ports amounts to 4,300,000 tons; the value of dutiable articles
imported is nearly £9,000,000 sterling, and the value of the exports
about the same.
[116] Area of Malta, Gozzo, and Comino, 146 square miles; population
149,084, inclusive of 7,309 military and their families.
[117] Area, 9,440 square miles; population (1871), 636,500.
[118] In 1873 11,256 vessels, of 1,080,000 tons, entered and cleared
the five ports of the island. In 1875 2,516 vessels, of 504,756 tons,
entered and cleared at Cagliari alone, the increase since 1861 having
been nearly 100 per cent.
[119] Population of the principal towns of Sardinia (1871):—Cagliari,
31,9 5; Sassari, 30,542; Alghero, 8,769; Ozieri, 7,965; Iglesias,
7,191; Oristano, 6,963; Terranova, 1,976.
[120] Agricultural statistics of Italy, 1869 (according to
Maestri):—_Distribution of Area_:—Fields, vineyards, and orchards,
27,267,360 acres; olive plantations, 1,371,400 acres; chestnut
plantations, 1,445,000 acres; forests, 10,240,400 acres; meadows,
2,900,000 acres; pastures, 13,337,000 acres. _Annual Produce_:—Cereals,
206,300,000 bushels (value £84,000,000); potatoes, 27,500,000 bushels
(£2,000,000); wines, 880,000,000 gallons (£44,000,000); raw silk,
6,889,437 lbs. in 1873, 6,305,214 lbs. in 1874; tobacco, 7,235,000
lbs.; oil, 3,747,850 lbs. (£8,800,000); chestnuts, 14,860,000 bushels.
_Domesticated Animals_ (1868):—1,196,128 horses, 3,489,125 heads of
cattle, 8,674,527 sheep and goats, 1,553,582 pigs.
[121] Annual mineral produce of Italy (in tons):—Iron, 85,000; copper,
13,000; lead, 32,250; zinc, 30,000; coal, 110,750; sulphur, 285,611;
salt, 388,000; besides small quantities of silver, nickel, mercury, &c.
[122] _Occupations_:—Amongst every 1,000 inhabitants there are 342
agriculturists; 163 miners and artisans; 29 commercial men; 23
artists and scientific men; 7 priests; 6 officials; 1 soldier; 31
“proprietors;” 21 domestic servants; 13 paupers; and 382 without
occupation.