A. Those which are used as postpositions only in one case, and which
have become more or less petrified. Such are =ennen=, _before_; =ilman=,
_without_; =kanssa=, _with_; =varten=, _for_.
B. Those which are used in several cases. Some of these are ordinary
substantives used in the nominative and other cases. The postpositional
usage of such words corresponds to such English phrases as ‘in the
middle of.’ Such are =joukko=, _a crowd_; (=joukossa=, =joukkoon=);
=jälki=, _a footstep_ (=jälessä=, =jälestä=, =jälkeen=); =kohta=, _a
place_ (=kohdalla=, =kohdalta=, =kohdalle=, =kohtaan=); =puoli=, _a half_
(=puolessa=, =puolesta=, =puolella=, =puolelta=, =puoleen=); =pää=, _a
head_ (=päässä=, =päästä=, =päähän=, =päällä=, =päälle=, =päältä=).
Others, though clearly substantives in their form, are not used except
as particles:—=yli=, =ylitse=, =yllä=, =ylle=, =yltä=; =ympäri=,
=ympärillä=, =ympäriltä=, =ympärille=; =alla=, =alta=, =alle=; =edessä=,
=edestä=, =eteen=, =edellä=, =edeltä=, =edelle=; =luota=, =luona=, =luo=;
=ohessa=, =ohesta=, =oheen=, =ohitse=; =myötä=, =myöten=, and others.