A. In the present the =t= of the syllable =ta= (=tä=) is lost, and if the
preceding vowel is =a= or =ä=, a long vowel is formed. That is, =lupata=,
=pelkätä= become =lupaa=, =pelkää=. If the preceding vowel is =o=, =ö=,
or =e=, the vowels may be assimilated into one long vowel or remain as
they are. =Putota=, =putoa=, _or_ =putoo=; =kerketä=, =kerkeä=, _or_
=kerkee=; but if the vowel of the penultimate syllable is =u=, =y=, or
=i=, such assimilation rarely occurs.
B. In the imperfect the final vowel is lost and =t= becomes =s= before
the =i= which characterizes this tense; =lupasin=, etc.
C. The root is closed in the concessive, and the final =t= assimilated
to the =n=; =lupata-nen= becomes =luvat-nen= (=34=), and then =luvannen=
(=30=).
D. In the conditional the last syllable of the root is generally
completely lost; =lupaisi= for =lupata-isi=; but a trace of it remains
in such forms as =kokoaisi= (alternative for =kokoisi=) representing
=kokotaisi=.
V. Similarly infinitives I, II, and the passive are formed from the
closed root, and as the _formative_ syllable =ta= is closed by the
breathing, =tt= becomes =t=; that is to say, the full root =lupata=
becomes the closed root =luvat=; to this is added the closed syllable
=taʻ=, and =luvattaʻ= becomes =luvata=. Similarly the passive =luvataan=.
_Examples._
Division I. Roots =tule=, _to come_; closed form =tul=. =Nouse=, _to
rise_; closed form =nous=.
_Present._ _Affirmative._
_Sing._ _Plur._
1. =tulen= =tulemme=
2. =tulet= =tulette=
3. =tulee= =tulevat=
_Negative._
_Sing._ _Plur._
1. =en tule= =emme tule=
2. =et tule= =ette tule=
3. =ei tule= =eivät tule=
_Imperfect._ _Affirmative._
_Sing._ _Plur._
1. =tulin= =tulimme=
2. =tulit= =tulitte=
3. =tuli= =tulivat=
_Negative._
_Sing._ _Plur._
1. =en tullut= =emme tulleet=
2. =et tullut= =ette tulleet=
3. =ei tullut= =eivät tulleet=
_Perfect._ _Affirmative._