base; l. lower small ferruginous, erecto-patent, narrowly lanceolate;
upper larger deep green lineal-lanceolate, rather obtuse concave,
stoutly nerved nearly to apex, margin minutely crenulate; per. l.
lanceolate concave acute; caps. oblong sub-cylindric short-necked erect,
on a pale yellow seta, lid conical subulate.
var. δ. _brevifolium._ Schpr. Slender branched; l. lower very minute
distant, upper crowded ovate-lanceolate, recurved above;
caps. oval.
Damp rocks and walls. Blackhall, nr. Banchory, Dee side. Mr. Sim. _var._
δ. only and barren. [Dr. Braithwaite.]
54. W. COMMUTATA. Mitt. “L. from a sub-oblong base lanceolate, narrowed,
keeled with the nerve, which vanishes below apex, cells nearly all
elongated and pellucid; per. l. similar”; caps. turbinate, lid with a
very oblique longish beak.
Alpine rocks, Nant-y-Fydd, Wrexham (Mr. Bowman.)
55. W. TRUNCICOLA. De Not. In large dense bright green tufts; st. 1–2in.
dichotomous, reddish, radiculose below; l. erect when moist and often
secund on the young shoots, rather soft, papillose at back, from a
narrowly lanceolate base gradually subulate channelled, thinly nerved
nearly to apex, margin not revolute, sharply denticulate above and on
the back of the nerve; strongly cirrhate and twisted when dry; basal
cells large cylindraceo-vesicular, the rest small quadrate or
sub-hexagonal, filled with chlorophyll. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot.,
IX., 290.]
Base of an oak trunk in Sutton Park, Birmingham. J. Bagnall, 27th Aug.,
1870.
7. RHABDOWEISSIA. BRUCH. & S.
56. R. FUGAX. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. tufted; l. linear-lanceolate, acute,
toothed near apex, margins plane; caps. ovate, somewhat striated; teeth
of per. subulate, fugacious; lid with an oblique beak longer than
capsule.
Sub-alpine rocks, in crevices. VI. VII.
57. R. DENTICULATA. B. & S. St. longer than last, loosely tufted; l.
lingulate or linear-lanceolate, strongly toothed half way from apex;
caps. more distinctly striated when dry, teeth of per. lanceolate,
persistent.
Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.
8. CAMPYLOSTELIUM. BRUCH. & S.
58. C. SAXICOLA. B. & S. Minute; l. elongate, linear-lanceolate, crowded
entire, twisted, nerved nearly to summit; caps. elliptical drooping, on
a geniculate pedicel, annulus double, calyptra 5–cleft. at base.
Sandstone rocks, rare. XI.
9. BRACHYODUS. NEES. & H.
59. B. TRICHODES. N. & H. Very minute; l. lanceolate-subulate, almost
setaceous; erect, with an excurrent nerve forming half the leaf; caps.
erect, furrowed; per. very short, annulus large, lid flattish with a
long beak.
Sub-alpine sandstone rocks. Spring.
10. SELIGERIA. BRUCH & S.
60. S. PUSILLA. Bruch. & S. Minute, ⅛in. stems loosely tufted, simple or
dichotomous; l. lanceolate-subulate, very narrow, thinly nerved nearly
to apex; per. with teeth distantly barred; caps. on an upright pedicel,
turbinate when dry, with a flattish beaked lid.
Shady limestone rocks. IV. V.
61. S. TRISTICHA. Brid. Densely cæspitose, rigid; l. exactly
tristichous, crowded, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, muticous, base
whitish; caps. yellowish brown sub-spherical, with a tumid neck, lid
large with a long oblique or arcuate beak; per. teeth narrower than in
_calcarea_.
Calcareous stones and rocks. Summer.
Blair Athol, Glen Tilt, and Ben-y-Gloe. Rev. J. M. Crombie.
62. S. PAUCIFOLIA. Carruthers. (_S. subcernua_, Schp.; _S. calcicola_,
Mitt.) Densely gregarious, low; leaves crowded erecto-patent, lower ones
lanceolate, upper subulate from a narrow oblong base, margins plane,
nerve exserted, areolæ dense, rectangular; caps. elliptical sub-cernuous
on a long seta, unsymmetrical, lid with a long beak; male fl. at base of
female plant.
Limestone rocks and stones. VI.
Chalk Downs, Sussex, Mr. Mitten; Near Wetherby, 1801, Dickson.
[63. S. ACUTIFOLIA. Lind. Very small; l. and per. l. from a more or less
sheathing base abruptly narrowed into a subterete setiform acute pointed
awl, formed by the excurrent nerve, crenulate; seta 1 mm. long; caps.
small, scarcely exserted, pyriform with a short neck, lid with a short
scarcely oblique beak];—type not British but
var. β. _longiseta_, Lindb. Plant larger, seta 2–3 mm. long, caps.
exserted, beak of lid longer and more oblique—gathered by Mr.
Wilson, 14th May, 1831, and sent by him to Dr. Lindberg.
64. S. CALCAREA. B. & S. St. short, more robust, than No. 60, l.
ovate-subulate, obtuse, dull green with a thicker nerve; caps.
turbinate, shortly beaked, on a short stiff pedicel; peris. teeth,
broader obtuse, closely barred.
Chalk cliffs. IV. V.
65. S. RECURVATA. B. & S. St. minute gregarious; l. lanceolate-subulate,
somewhat flexuose, acute, nerve excurrent generally; caps. obovate
elliptical; pedicel curved drooping.
Sandstone rocks, rare. IV. V.
11. ANODUS. BRUCH. & S.
66. A. DONIANUS. B. & S. St. minute, ⅛in. gregarious; l. almost
setaceous, lanceolate-subulate, very minutely toothed; per. l. bluntish
and rather shorter; caps. cup-shaped or turbinate, mouth wide; Cal.
dimidiate; perist. none, lid with a short beak.
Sandstone rocks, rare. IX.
12. STYLOSTEGIUM. WILS.
67. S. CÆSPITICIUM. B. & S. St. ¼–½in. densely tufted; branches
fastigiate; l. somewhat falcate and secund, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate;
per. l. larger with a sheathing base entire, nerve predominant; caps.
roundish-pyriform glossy; lid obliquely beaked, adherent to columella.
Alpine rocks, in crevices. VII.
13. BLINDIA. WILS.
68. B. ACUTA. B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. subulate or
lanceolate-setaceous, rigid, glossy, sub-secund, nerve thick; per. l.
sheathing; caps. roundish-pyriform, on a short reddish pedicel; lid with
a longish beak.
Moist alpine or sub-alpine rocks. Summer.
var. β. _breviseta._ “Stem shorter, caps. on a very short pedicel.”
Wils.
γ. _rupincola._ pedicels arcuate.
δ. _trichodes._ Braithwaite. l. longer and more falcate. Wet
rocks, near Bolton.—Whitehead.
14. ARCTOA. BRUCH. & S.
69. A. FULVELLA. B. & S. St. ½–2in. densely tufted; l. somewhat secund,
often falcate, subulate-setaceous dull green, sometimes slightly toothed
at apex, nerve predominant, per. l. large sheathing; caps. ovate,
sometimes gibbous, 8–furrowed, lid obliquely beaked; barren fl.
gemmiform: monoicous.
Fissures of alpine rocks. VII. VIII.
15. CYNODONTIUM. BRUCH. & S.
70. C. BRUNTONI. B. & S. St. ½–1in. tufted, branches fastigiate; l.
linear-lanceolate or lanc-subulate, keeled, sometimes minutely
denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, twisted when dry, nerved almost or
quite to apex; per. l. sheathing; caps. erect obovate or elliptical; lid
with a long oblique beak.
Sub-alpine rocks. VI.
16. DICRANUM. HEDW.
_a._ (DICRANELLA. Schimp.)
SECT. I. Stem long, rooting in all parts; leaves spreading flexuose,
papillose on both sides, crenulate in margin, not nerved to apex; infl.
monoicous; beak of lid shorter than caps.
71. D. POLYCARPUM. Ehr. L. bent, flexuose, often recurved,
lanceolate-subulate or linear-lanceolate, keeled, margin recurved,
somewhat papillose, denticulate at apex, nerve excurrent; caps. erect,
symmetrical, striated, with a tumid neck.
Alpine rocks. VII. VIII.
var. β. _strumiferum._ caps. unequal, base strumose.
SECT. II. St. rooting in all parts, leafy; l. spreading, nerve slightly
excurrent; infl. monoicous; caps. strumose.
72. D. VIRENS. Hedw. St. 1–3in. branched; l. erect ovate-lanceolate at
base, sheathing, running to a long sub-denticulate, almost setaceous
prolongation, margins recurved, nerve thick sub-excurrent; caps.
cernuous strumose smooth oblong and curved; lid beaked.
Moist alpine rocks; Ben Lawers. VI. VII.
var. β. _Wahlenbergii._ l. flexuose, much attenuated, above narrower
and longer, yellowish; caps. short, with a very prominent
struma.
γ. _serratum._ stems taller; l. recurved from a sheathing base,
coarsely serrated.
δ. _compactum._ st. shorter and slender; l. shorter lanceolate
from an ovate base, entire, or very slightly toothed at apex;
caps. gibbous on a shorter pedicel.
ε. _gracilescens._ l. narrower; caps. smaller.
SECT. III. L. squarrose, or patent spreading.
73. D. PELLUCIDUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely tufted; l. distant,
lanceolate, margins undulate, denticulate, papillose obtuse; caps.
shortly ovate; lid conical rostrate; dioicous.
Wet stones in streams. X. XI.
var. β. fagimontanum. st. short, branches slender, l. shorter.
γ. serratum. l. crenato-serrate, with a more acute point; caps.
oval or oblong, lid with a slender beak.
74. D. CRISPUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. gregarious, l. subulate from a broadish
sheathing base setaceous above, long, spreading flexuose, minutely
dentate, nerved to apex; caps. almost erect, oval or obovate, striate;
lid with a long oblique subulate beak: monoicous.
Moist sandy banks, not common. X. XI.
75. D. GREVILLIANUM. B. & S. L. with a broad sheathing base, suddenly
lanceolate-subulate prolonged, wide-spreading and wavy, entire, nerve
broad; caps. ovate, sub-striate, strumose; lid with a beak longer than
capsule: monoicous.
“Glen Tilt, at foot of Ben-y-Gloe, 1823, not since found.”—Wils. VIII.
IX.
[I have a specimen gathered by Dr. A. O. Black, marked “Esk-no-more.”]
76. D. SCHREBERI. Hedw. St. ½–1in. sub-cæspitose, branched sparingly; l.
base broad, suddenly lanceolate-subulate, spreading flexuose keeled,
denticulate at apex; caps. ovate-oblong, scarcely strumose, cernuous;
lid conical, shortly rostrate; dioicous.
Clayey or sandy soil near streams, rare. X. XI.
Lancashire, Cheshire, and near Glasgow.
77. D. SQUARROSUM. Schrad. St. 1–3in. dichotomous; l. lanceolate from a
broad sheathing base obtuse, undulate, entire concave recurved, nerve
narrow, reaching nearly to apex; caps. ovate-oblong cernuous; lid long
conical, with a short beak.
Wet mountainous places. VIII. IX.
78. D. CERVICULATUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. sparingly branched; l. spreading
flexuose, almost setaceous from a broadish amplexicaul base, entire,
nerved into the subula; caps. roundish ovate gibbous, strumose; lid with
a long oblique or curved subulate beak.
Sandy banks or on turf, frequent. VI. VII.
var. β. _pusillum._ st. shorter, simple; l. smaller sub-erect; caps.
smaller and less gibbous.
SECT. IV. L. secund or sub-secund.
79. D. VARIUM. Hedw. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lanceolate, entire keeled
sub-denticulate at apex, margin reflexed, nerve scarcely excurrent;
caps. inclined, ovate or oblong, slightly tumid; lid shortly beaked;
seta twisted to the right.
Moist banks. XI. XIII.
var., β. _tenuifolium._ l. narrow, obscurely nerved.
γ. _tenellum._ st. slender, scarcely branched; l. falcato-secund,
distantly denticulate.
δ. _callistomum._ l. scarcely secund, caps. erect, obovate
truncated, lid almost as long as caps.
80. “D. FALLAX. Wils. MS. Closely resembles the last. L. more distant,
with impressed wings and less elongated setaceous points, and a more
dilated flattened nerve, uppermost sub-secund. Caps. nearly symmetric
erect or sub-cernuous, with a shorter conical lid: dioicous.” [Dr.
Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 227.]
Banks. III. IV.
Anglesea (Wilson); Cotterall Wood (Hunt); Park Gate, Cheshire (Miss
Jelly).
81. D. RUFESCENS. Turn. St. short bright red, scarcely branched; l.
linear-lanceolate, obscurely toothed, reddish, margins plane, secund,
pellucid; caps. erect ovate or obovate, slightly tumid, with a conical
beaked lid. Seta twisted to the left; dioicous.
Moist sandy banks. X. XI.
82. D. SUBULATUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. l. falcato-secund, setaceous from an
oblong-lanceolate base, entire; caps. ovate gibbous oblique striate when
dry, seta red; dioicous.
Moist shady sandy banks; common on the mortar of walls, &c. IX. X.
83. D. CURVATUM. Hedw. Cæspitose; st. bi-tripartite; l. setaceous from a
shortly ovate semi-sheathing base, channelled, apex denticulate,
falcato-setaceous; caps. erect or sub-erect, ovate-oblong, slightly
gibbous, distinctly striate. [Sch. Syn. p. 75. Bry. Eur. vol. I.]
Walls. Autumn and Spring.
Llanberis, N. Wales (W. Wilson).
84. D. HETEROMALLUM. Hedw. St. ½–1in. simple or branched, in silky
tufts; l. lanceolate-setaceous, slightly dentate at apex; caps. obovate
gibbous, obliquely plicate when dry; lid with a long beak, seta pale
yellowish; dioicous.
Moist banks and walls. XI. XII.
var. β. _strictum._ l. erecto-patent, straight, not secund; seta longer
flexuose.
γ. _interruptum._ larger; stem interrupted leafy; l. spreading or
secund.
δ. _sericeum._ Schp. plants taller; l. diverging almost on all
sides, pale green or yellowish, often strongly and remotely
toothed. Soccoth Hill, Arrochar (McKinlay).
_b._ (EU-DICRANUM.)
SECT. I. FALCATÆ. Densely tufted, st. dichotomous and fastigiate,
decumbent at base with few or no radicular fibres; l.
lanceolate-subulate, secund or falcato-secund, nerve predominant above;
caps. cernuous, neck strumose or ventricose, lid with a long beak:
monoicous.
85. D. STARKII. Web. & M. St. 1–3in. branched; l. subulate-setaceous
from a lanceolate base, falcato-secund, entire, nerve strongly
predominant, caps. oblong arcuate, gibbous, strumose, striate,
sub-cernuous.
Alpine rocks. VIII.
var. β. _molle._ taller; l. wider lanceolate, purplish brown; nerve not
predominant.
Summit of Ben Nevis.
86. D. FALCATUM. Hedw. St. shorter, dichotomously branched and
fastigiate; l. strongly falcato-secund, from a lanceolate base
subulato-setaceous, denticulate at apex, nerve predominant, caps.
shortly obovate, strumose, almost smooth when dry; lid large beaked.
Alpine rocks. VIII. IX.
87. D. BLYTTII. Br. & S. St. branched fastigiate; l. flexuoso-patent, or
sub-secund, from an erect base lanceolate-subulate, soft, entire, nerve
predominant, per. l. sheathing; caps. sub-cernuous, ovate, incurved,
without striæ, strumose, lid rostrate; per. teeth narrow inflexed when
dry.
Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII.
SECT. II. ORTHOCARPA. Densely cæspitose; st. 1 or more inches high,
dichotomous, with or without radicular fibres; l. secund,
lanceolate-subulate, smooth glossy, nerve excurrent or nerveless. Caps.
erect cylindrical; neck long symmetrical; lid conical at base.
88. D. GLACIALE. Berg. Monoicous, in wide tufts, without radicular
tomentum, erect, 2–5in. high, l. erecto-patent, straight glossy, lowest
minute lanceolate nerveless, upper oblong at base, lanceolate-subulate,
deeply concave, margin inflexed entire, basal angles auricled, orange,
nerve narrow compressed; per. l. sheathing, suddenly narrowed into a
long subula; caps. cernuous, cylindraceous, more or less incurved
strumose, not striate; lid rostrate.
Alpine rocks; Ben Nevis, Clova, Ben-y-Gloe.
[Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot. VIII., 228.]
89. D. VIRIDE. Sull. et Lesq. Dioicous, in dense cushions, or cæspitose,
reddish and tomentose at base, above dark green; branches dichotomous;
l. lineal-lanceolate subulate, nerve running out in the concave awl;
per. l. sheathing; areolæ densely chlorophyllose, enlarged at base;
caps. erect, oblong, slightly incurved, lid with a long beak.
Trunks of trees: rarely on sandstone rocks.
fig. Schpr. Musci. Eur. novi, &c. fasc. III. IV.
Staffordshire (Mr. Bloxam).
90. D. SCOTTIANUM. Turn. St. 2 or 3in. robust; l. erecto-patent,
sub-secund incurved lanceolate-subulate, slightly twisted at apex when
dry, concave entire, nerve strong excurrent; caps. elongated, slightly
curved, tapering at base, lid obliquely rostrate.
Rocks in mountainous districts. VII. VIII.
91. D. LONGIFOLIUM. Hedw. Cæspitose, tufts pale green or whitish; stem
arcuate or geniculate ascending, slightly radiculose; l. long
falcato-secund, rarely spreading, subulate from a lanceolate base, with
a slender nerve, margin and back serrate at apex; per. l. convolute
sheathing; caps. elongate cylindrical, upright or sub-incurved, without
striæ, brown; beak subulate, annulus narrow: dioicous.
Sub-alpine rocks. Autumn.
Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton).
92. D. CIRCINNATUM. Wils. Dioicous, in loose irregular light green
tufts; st. 3–6in. dichotomous, geniculate or ascending, with radicles
from base of leaves. L. very long, secund, arcuate from an oblong
sheathing base decurrent at angles, longly subulate concave; nerve
flattened, covering one-fifth of base and all the subula, which is
denticulate; base laxly areolate in middle, with narrower cells at
margin. [Dr. Braithwaite, l. c. 230.]
Fr. unknown.
Ben Voirlich, Clova, Ben Nevis, Lennox Castle.
SECT. III. SCOPARIÆ. St. loosely or densely matted, tall, with
proliferous radicular fibres; l. long spreading or secund,
lanceolate-subulate, glossy, denticulate at apex; nerve with or without
dorsal lamellæ; caps. cernuous bent; lid with a long beak.
93. D. FUSCESCENS. Turn. St. 2–3m. loosely tufted; l. spreading,
sub-secund, flexuose, canaliculate, minutely toothed at apex, nerve
excurrent; caps. oblong incurved, furrowed when dry; lid with a very
long beak.
Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VIII.
94. D. SCOPARIUM. Hedw. St. 2–4in. loosely tufted dichotomous; l. secund
or falcato-secund, carinato-concave, margins inflexed, serrate at apex;
nerve with about four prominent ridges at back, serrate at apex; per. l.
larger convolute; caps. cylindrical, slightly curved; lid with a long
beak.
Shady banks and rocks, common. VII. VIII.
var. β. _orthophyllum._ stem erect; l. erecto-patent or sub-secund
straight.
γ. _curvatum._ branches curved ascending, l. more falcate; caps.
shorter.
95. D. MAJUS. Turn. St. 4–6in. loosely cæspitose; l. falcato-secund;
concave dentato-serrate at apex; caps. horizontally cernuous, curved,
furrowed when dry; lid and calyptra very long; fruit-stalks pale
aggregate.
Shady banks, &c., in woods. VII. VIII.
SECT. IV. UNDULATA. St. very tall, with radicular fibres; l. large
glossy, spreading every way or secund, lanceolate below, linear-subulate
above; nerve flattish, with lamellæ at back.
96. D. PALUSTRE. Brid. St. 3–4in. erect branched sub-fastigiate; l.
spreading, sub-secund, linear-lanceolate undulated, terminal ones
crowded into a cuspidate cluster on the barren shoots; serrate at apex;
nerve thin and narrow, not reaching to apex, and without ridges; caps.
sub-erect, slightly curved, sub-cylindrical, striate.
Marshy places and moist banks. IX.
var. β. _juniperifolium._ with shorter, wider, and more rigid leaves.
γ. _polycladum._ branches slender flagelliform; l. small
imbricate.
97. D. SCHRADERI. Schwaeg. St. 3–6in.; l. sub-secund, rather obtuse,
carinato-concave, subrugose, toothed on margin and keel, sub-papillose
at back near apex; caps. oval-oblong incurved; lid rostrate.
Turfy bogs, rare. IX.
98. D. SPURIUM. Hedw. St. 1–2in. loosely cæspitose; l. ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, undulate serrate, papillose at back; not nerved to apex;
caps. sub-cylindrical arcuate, slightly strumose, striate; lid with a
long curved beak.
Moors and bogs. VI.
17. LEUCOBRYUM. HAMPE.
99. L. GLAUCUM. Hampe. St. 1–6in. or more, dichotomous fragile,
fastigiate; l. subulate from an ovate-lanceolate base, erect, rather
obtuse, and apiculate; caps, cernuous, strumose, furrowed when dry.
Moist heaths, woods, rare in fr.
18. CERATODON. BRID.
100. C. PURPUREUS. Brid, St. ¼–2in. cæspitose, branched; l.
oblong-lanceolate, margin recurved, nerve excurrent; caps.
elliptic-oblong, irregular, purple, angular when dry on a purplish red
seta; lid conical.
Banks, &c., common. IV. V.
101. C. CYLINDRICUS. B. & S. St. ¼in. gregarious; l. subulate from a
dilated ovate amplexicaul base, flexuose, minutely toothed above, nerve
predominant; caps. cylindrical, smooth, erect or slightly curved, on a
pale slender seta; lid conical.
Sandy banks, not common. IV. V.
19. DICRANODONTIUM. BR. & S.
102. D. LONGIROSTRE. B. & S. St. 1–3in. blackish; l. falcato-secund,
subulato-setaceous from an ovate sheathing base, denticulate above on
predominant nerve; caps. elliptic-oblong, smooth, on a thick curved or
flexuose seta.
Mountainous woods, rare. X.
20. CAMPYLOPUS. BRID.
[The diagnoses of species are taken from Dr. Braithwaite’s Paper in
Jour. of Bot. VIII., pp. 386–393.]
_a._ Leaves hoary at point.
103. C. ATROVIRENS. De Not. (_C. longipilus._ Brid. pro parte: Wils.
Bry. Brit.; et Schimp. Musc. Eur. Nov.) Dense tufts 1–3in. high, above
yellowish green, below brownish, at base black. Stem erect, dichotomous,
with few radicles at base; l. lower, lax, shorter, the rest densely
crowded, erecto-patent, lanceolate, very longly subulato-setaceous,
channelled below, auricled; nerve excurrent into a hoary hispid arista,
channelled at back, one-third width of leaf base; cells of auricles
dilated, castaneous, central colorless, above these sub-rectangular,
uppermost oblongo-elliptic. Fem. fl. 2. 3 at apex of innovations.
Wet rocks, and moorlands in mountainous districts.
E. S. & I.
104. C. BREVIPILUS. B. & S. In dense broad tufts, when dry glossy yellow
green above, fuscescent below, ¾–1¼ in. high, almost free from radicles,
fastigiate; l. erect densely crowded, narrowly lanceolate-subulate, very
concave, the point denticulate at margin and back, not auricled; nerve
one-third width of leaf base excurrent into a short hair point; per. l.
wider sheathing, narrowed into a hispid hair, margin recurved above
base. Areolæ lax; basal cells quadrate, above rhomboidal flexuose,
marginal very narrow; fem. fl. solitary.
Heathy places. Sussex, Hants, Cheshire, York, Arran.
105. C. INTROFLEXUS. Brid. (_C. longipilus._ Bry. Eur. pro parte. _C.
polytrichoides._ De Not. _D. ericetorum._ Mitt.) Densely tufted,
olivaceous brown below, innov. yellow green with hoary tips; ¾–1½in.
high, sparingly radiculose, dichotomous; l. imbricated, erecto-patent,
lanceolate-subulate, channelled; not auricled; wings but little
incurved, comal leaves broader lanceolate acuminate, lowest muticous,
rest prolonged into a diaphanous spinuloso-denticulate arista shorter
than the leaf. Nerve three-fourths width of limb, lammelluligerous at
back. Basal cells hyaline large and empty, gradually becoming obliquely
oval and minute, chlorophyllose, a few fuscous alar cells in comal
leaves; per. l. oblong convolute, subulate at apex. Thecæ aggregated on
short peduncles, oval, unequal, rough at base, lid obliquely rostrate.
Calyp. reaching middle of capsule, sparingly fimbriate.
Dry heaths and stony places. Cornwall, Jersey, Scotland, Ireland.
_b._ Leaves unicolorous.
* auricled at base.
106. C. SHAWII. Wils. MS. Tufts lax, yellow green above, blackish brown
below, 1–2in. high. Stems robust, with numerous radicles. L.
erecto-patent, straight, rigid, from a somewhat contracted linear base,
lanceolate, longly subulate, suddenly narrowed at one-third their
length; margin involute above, apex acute, with a few minute
denticulations. Nerve two-thirds width of base. Cells at basal wings
enlarged lax reddish brown, exterior rows hyaline, above rectangular,
and then rhomboido-elliptic. Leaves falcate when growing in dry places.
Outer Hebrides, 1866 (Mr. Shaw).
107. C. ALPINUS. Schpr. Densely cæspitose, 2–3in. high, stem erect,
dichotomous, with rufous radicles from back of leaf base at base of
innovations. L. rigid, fragile, and deciduous, erect or slightly secund,
lowest lanceolate, becoming larger upwards and longly subulate,
subtubular, subula sharply or obsoletely serrate. Nerve half width of
base. Auricles very large decurrent, cells orange brown, central
hyaline, above laxer narrowly hexagono-rectangular, and at last quadrate
without chlorophyll, solid and yellowish.
Moist heaths and rocks. Wales and Scotland.