BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG (CONTINUED).
The Battle-field veiled by a Heavy Fog--Terrific Fighting of the 13th
of December--Forlorn Hope of the Federals--General Meade's Division of
Franklin's Command makes the First Advance--General French leads
against the Confederate Left--Hancock follows--General Cobb
killed--The Sunken Road and Stone Wall below Marye's Hill--Desperate
Advances and Determined Repulses--Humphreys's Heroic Assault--The
Stone Wall "a Sheet of Flame"--General Jackson loses his Opportunity
to advance--The Charge of Meade's Divisions compared with that of
Pickett, Pettigrew, and Trimble's Columns at Gettysburg--Forty Per
Cent. killed in charging Lines here, and Sixty Per Cent. at
Gettysburg--Total Losses--Peace to be declared because Gold had gone
to 200--Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia.
On the morning of the 13th of December the confronting armies, which were
destined that day to clash in one of the bloodiest conflicts of the war,
stood completely veiled from each other's sight by an impenetrable mist.
The entire Confederate army was now for the first time upon the field, for
General Jackson had during the night brought up his scattered divisions
from down the river.
Before daylight I rode to view my line and troops from right to left.
Hood's division on the right was found on the alert, as was the enemy near
that point. The voices of the Union officers as they gave their commands
were carried to us with almost startling clearness by the heavy fog that
covered the field and surroundings. So heavy was this fog that nothing
could be seen at a distance of ten or twelve rods, and yet so distinctly
were the voices of the officers brought to us that they seemed quite near
at hand, and General Hood was looking for assaulting columns against his
front. He was told that such move would put the enemy's column in a
_cul-de-sac_, and therefore his position was in no danger of attack; that
the attack would be aimed against Jackson's front; that in case it broke
through there he should swing around to his right and take the attacking
forces in reverse; that Pickett's division would be ordered to a
corresponding move on his left, with the batteries of the two divisions in
the plain off the left; that my front would be attacked, but it was safely
posted, and not likely to need other than the troops on that ground.
Pickett's command was under arms, expecting orders. They were given
instructions similar to those just mentioned for Hood. The divisions of
McLaws, Ransom, and R. H. Anderson were in readiness, as were all the
batteries. But the fog, nothing abated, hung so heavy that not a sight for
a cannon-shot was open till a late hour of the morning.
The front of the Second Corps was occupied by A. P. Hill's division, the
brigades of Archer, Lane, and Pender on the first line; those of Thomas,
Gregg, and Brockenbrough on the second. A third line was occupied by
Taliaferro's and Early's divisions. D. H. Hill's division was off to the
rear of the right. Lieutenant-Colonel Walker posted a fourteen-gun battery
of the division artillery on A. P. Hill's right, and two other field
batteries on the plain on his left. Stuart's horse artillery and cavalry
were on the plain on the right, in the valley of the Massaponax,
supporting the Second Corps.
About 7.45 in the morning General Hardie, of Burnside's staff, reported to
General Franklin that his orders would reach him in a few minutes by the
hands of an aide-de-camp. Hardie was ordered to remain near General
Franklin's head-quarters. At eight o'clock the order came, and at 8.30
Meade's division moved towards the general direction of Jackson's
position.
At ten o'clock the fog lifted and revealed Meade's lines, six batteries on
his left and four on his right, Gibbon's division supporting the right and
Doubleday's covering the left. The order for the commander of the Left
Grand Division was to make the advance by at least one division. The
divisions of the First Corps were thought to fully meet the terms of the
order.
Meade's lines advanced in handsome, solid ranks, leaving heavy reserves of
the Sixth Corps and two divisions of the Third that had been called over
from the Centre Grand Division. The fire of Stuart's horse artillery
against their left caused delay until some of the batteries of the left
engaged and drove off the fire. After half an hour's delay the advance was
resumed, the batteries thrown to the front to shell the field in search of
the Confederate batteries. The latter had been ordered, for the most part,
to reserve their fire for infantry. After an hour's heavy artillery
practice Meade's march was resumed, and with great vigor, the batteries
ploughing the way for the infantry columns. At the same time the
fourteen-gun battery of A. P. Hill's right and his left batteries replied
with equal spirit and practice, though with unequal metal.
The view of the battle of the enemy's left burst upon us at Lee's Hill, as
the mist rolled away under the bright noonday sun. We noted the thin, pale
smoke of infantry fire fading in the far away of their left, the heavy
clouds rising from the batteries on both sides of the river, the bright
armored ranks and banners, and our elevation seemed to draw them so close
to us, on their right, that we thought to turn our best guns upon that
part of the line, and General Lee authorized the test of their range. Only
a few shots were sent when the troops that had been lying concealed in the
streets of the city came flying out by both roads in swarms at double time
and rushed towards us. Every gun that we had in range opened upon the
advancing columns and ploughed their ranks by a fire that would test the
nerves of the bravest soldiers. But the battle of the Federal left had the
first opening, and calls for first notice.
[Illustration: THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG, FROM THE BATTERY ON LEE'S
HILL.]
Under a strong artillery combat Meade marched forward, with Gibbon's
division in close support on his right, and Doubleday's farther off on his
left. The line encountered Lane's brigade front in a steady, hard fight,
and, developing against Archer's left, broke through, forcing the brigades
back, encountered Thomas's and Gregg's brigades, threw the latter into
confusion, and killed General Gregg. Brockenbrough's and Pender's brigades
turned against the penetrating columns and were forced back. Under skilful
handling the brigades finally brought the battle to steady work, but
Meade's impetuous onward march was bravely made and pressed until three
brigades of Early's division were advanced and thrown into action,
commanded by Colonels Atkinson, Walker, and Hoke. These, with the combined
fire of Hill's broken lines, forced Meade back. Two regiments of Berry's
brigade of the Third Corps came to the relief of Meade and were driven
back, when Gibbon's division which followed was met, and after severe
battle was repulsed. The Confederates made a partial following of the
success, beyond the railroad, and until they encountered the fire of the
relieving divisions under Birney and Sickles and the reserve batteries.
Doubleday's division protected Meade's left as Jackson's right under
Taliaferro partially engaged against them; both encountered loss. Hood got
one of his brigades in in time to follow the troops as they retired
towards their reserve line. At the first moment of the break on Jackson's
lines Pickett rode to Hood and urged that the opportunity anticipated was
at hand, but Hood failed to see it in time for effective work. About two
P.M. the battle quieted into defensive practice of artillery and
sharp-shooters.
The opening against the Confederate left, before referred to, was led by
French's division of the Second Corps, about 10.30. The Eighteenth and
Twenty-fourth Georgia Regiments, Cobb's Georgia Legion, and the
Twenty-fourth North Carolina Regiment were in the sunken road, the salient
point. On Marye's Hill, back and above, was the Washington Artillery, with
nine guns, Ransom's and Cooke's North Carolina brigade in open field, the
guns under partial cover, pitted. Other batteries on Taylor's and Lee's
Hills posted to this defence as many as twenty guns, holding under range
by direct and cross fire the avenues of approach and the open field along
Cobb's front.
French's division came in gallant style, but somewhat hurried. He gathered
his ranks behind the swell of ground near the canal and moved to the
assault. An intervening plank fence gave the troops some trouble in
crossing under fire, so that his ranks were not firm after passing it to
the attack. Hancock, coming speedily with his division, was better
organized and in time to take up the fight as French was obliged to
retire. This advance was handsomely maintained, but the galling fire they
encountered forced them to open fire. Under this delay their ranks were
cut up as rapidly as they had collected at the canal, and when within a
hundred yards of the stone wall they were so thinned that they could do
nothing but surrender, even if they could leap to the road-bed. But they
turned, and the fire naturally slackened, as their hurried steps took them
away to their partial cover. The troops behind the stone wall were
reinforced during this engagement by two of Cooke's regiments from the
hill-top, ordered by General Ransom, and General McLaws ordered part of
Kershaw's brigade in on their right.
After Hancock's engagement some minutes passed before arrangements were
made for the next. Howard's division had been feeling for a way to get by
Cobb's left, when he was called to the front attack, and ordered over the
same ground. He arranged his forces with care, and advanced in desperate
fight. Under the severe fire of the Confederates his troops were provoked
to return fire, and during the delay thus caused his ranks were so
speedily decimated that they in turn were obliged to return to cover. The
Confederate commander, General Cobb, was killed. General Kershaw, with the
other regiments of his brigade, was ordered to the front. The Washington
Artillery, exhausted of ammunition, was relieved by guns of Alexander's
battalion. The change of batteries seemed to give new hope to the
assaulting forces. They cheered and put in their best practice of
sharp-shooters and artillery. The greater part of Alexander's loss
occurred while galloping up to his position. General Ransom advanced the
other regiments of his brigade to the crest of the hill. At the suggestion
of General Lee the brigades of Jenkins and Kemper of Pickett's division
were called up and assigned, the former to General McLaws and the latter
to General Ransom. A supply of ammunition was sent down to the troops in
the road in time to meet the next attack, by Sturgis's division of the
Ninth Corps, which made the usual brave fight, and encountered the same
damaging results. Getty's division of the Ninth Corps came to his support
on the left, but did not engage fiercely, losing less than eight hundred
men. Carroll's brigade of Whipple's division, Third Corps, came in on
Sturgis's left, but only to brace that part of the fight.
As the troops hurried forward from the streets of the city for the
Telegraph road, they came at once under the fire of the long-range guns on
Lee's Hill. The thirty-pound Parrotts were particularly effective in
having the range and dropping their shells in the midst of the columns as
they dashed forward. Frequently commands were broken up by this fire and
that of other long-range guns, and sought shelter, as they thought, in the
railroad cut, but that point was well marked, and the shots were dropped
in, in enfilade fire, with precision, often making wide gaps in their
ranks. The siege guns of Stafford Heights gave their especial attention to
our heavy guns and put their shots over the parapets very often.
One shell buried itself close under the parapet at General Lee's side, as
he sat among the officers of his staff, but it failed to explode. Soon
after this our big Parrott gun burst into many fragments. It was closely
surrounded by General Lee and staff, officers of the First Corps
head-quarters, and officers and gunners of the battery, but the explosion
caused no other damage than the loss of the gun.
Griffin's division was next ordered to attack, and made the usual
desperate struggle. The Confederates meanwhile had accumulated such force
in the road that a single division, had it reached that point, would have
found its equal in numbers, and of greater vigor, with Ransom at the top
of the hill prepared to rush down and join in the melee. At that hour we
could have safely invited one division into our midst, if assured it was
to be the last.
The next attack was made by Humphreys's division. Its commander was a man
of superior attainments and accomplishments in the walks of civil as well
as military life. He measured justly the situation, and arranged his
battle in the only order by which success could have been made possible,
but he had only two brigades with which to take a position not assailable
and held by more than three brigades of superior troops. His troops were
new, so that he felt called to personal example as well as skilful
handling. He ordered the attack with empty muskets, and led with his
brigade commanders, but half-way up towards the goal his men stopped to
load and open fire, which neither he nor his officers could prevent, so
they were driven back. Then he made a like effort with his other brigade,
under special orders from Generals Burnside and Hooker that the point must
be carried before night,--and the dew was then falling. (Just then our
second big Parrott gun went into fragments, but without damage to the
men.) The troops that had been driven back from previous attacks joined in
trying to persuade Humphreys's men not to go forward. Notwithstanding the
discouraging surroundings, he led his men on, encountered the same
terrific and death-dealing opposition, and his men retired in greater
confusion, going beyond his control to the vicinity of the city before he
could get them again in ranks. His account of the last effort is
interesting:
"The stone wall was a sheet of flame that enveloped the head and
flanks of the column. Officers and men were falling rapidly, and the
head of the column was at length brought to a stand when close up to
the wall. Up to this time not a shot had been fired by the column, but
now some firing began. It lasted but a minute, when, in spite of all
our efforts, the column turned and began to retire slowly. I attempted
to rally the brigade behind the natural embankment so often mentioned,
but the united efforts of General Tyler, myself, our staff, and other
officers could not arrest the retiring mass."[112]
At that time there were three brigades behind the stone wall and one
regiment of Ransom's brigade. The ranks were four or five deep,--the rear
files loading and passing their guns to the front ranks, so that the
volleys by brigade were almost incessant pourings of solid sheets of lead.
Two brigades of Sykes's division, First and Second Regulars, were sent to
the front to guard the line. It was some time after nightfall, so that
their line could only be distinguished by the blaze of their fire. Some of
the batteries and infantry engaged against their fire till night was well
advanced.
General Jackson thought to advance against the enemy's left late in the
afternoon, but found it so well posted and guarded that he concluded the
venture would be too hazardous. He lost his opportunity, failing to follow
close upon the repulse of Meade's and Gibbon's divisions. His command was
massed and well in hand, with an open field for infantry and artillery. He
had, including the divisions of Hood and Pickett,--ordered to work with
him,--about fifty thousand men. Franklin had, including troops of the
Centre Grand Division, about equal force.
The charge of Meade's division has been compared with that of Pickett's,
Pettigrew's, and Trimble's at Gettysburg, giving credit of better conduct
to the former. The circumstances do not justify the comparison.
When the fog lifted over Meade's advance he was within musket-range of A.
P. Hill's division, closely supported on his right by Gibbon's, and
guarded on his left by Doubleday's division. On Hill's right was a
fourteen-gun battery, on his left eight guns. Meade broke through Hill's
division, and with the support of Gibbon forced his way till he
encountered part of Ewell's division, when he was forced back in some
confusion. Two fresh divisions of the Third Corps came to their relief,
and there were as many as fifty thousand men at hand who could have been
thrown into the fight. Meade's march to meet his adversary was half a
mile,--the troops of both sides fresh and vigorous.
Of the assaulting columns of Pickett, Pettigrew, and Trimble, only four
thousand seven hundred under Pickett were fresh; the entire force of these
divisions was only fifteen thousand strong. They had a mile to march over
open field before reaching the enemy's line, strengthened by field-works
and manned by thrice their numbers. The Confederates at Gettysburg had
been fought to exhaustion of men and munitions. They lost about sixty per
cent. of the assaulting forces,--Meade about forty. The latter had fresh
troops behind him, and more than two hundred guns to cover his rallying
lines. The Confederates had nothing behind them but field batteries almost
exhausted of ammunition. That Meade made a brave, good fight is beyond
question, but he had superior numbers and appointments. At Gettysburg the
Confederate assault was made against intrenched lines of artillery and
infantry, where stood fifty thousand men.
A series of braver, more desperate charges than those hurled against the
troops in the sunken road was never known, and the piles and cross-piles
of dead marked a field such as I never saw before or since.
Between 1.30 and 2.30 of the afternoon several orders and messages were
sent by General Burnside calling on General Franklin to renew the battle
of the left. Before 2.30 he received from General Burnside, through his
aide-de-camp, Captain Goddard, this despatch:
"Tell General Franklin, with my compliments, that I wish him to make a
vigorous attack with his whole force. Our right is hard pressed."
Under ordinary circumstances this would be regarded as a strong order, but
Franklin had gone far enough in his first battle to be convinced that an
attack by his "whole force," the other end of the army "hard pressed,"
would be extremely hazardous. If undertaken and proved disastrous, he
could have been made to shoulder the whole responsibility, for a "wish"
implies discretion. It is not just to the subordinate to use such language
if orders are intended to be imperative. Men bred as soldiers have no
fancy for orders that carry want of faith on their face.
The losses at Fredericksburg were as follows:[113]
UNION ARMY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | Captured |
Organization. | Killed. | Wounded. | or | Total.
| | | Missing. |
------------------------------|---------|----------|----------|--------
Right Grand Division (Sumner) | 523 | 4281 | 640 | 5,444
Centre Grand Division (Hooker)| 352 | 2501 | 502 | 3,355
Left Grand Division (Franklin)| 401 | 2761 | 625 | 3,787
Engineers | 8 | 49 | 2 | 59
Artillery Reserve | .. | 8 | .. | 8
------------------------------|---------|----------|----------|--------
Aggregate | 1284 | 9600 | 1769 | 12,653
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
CONFEDERATE ARMY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | Captured |
Organization. | Killed. | Wounded. | or | Total.
| | | Missing. |
------------------------------|---------|----------|----------|--------
First Army Corps (Longstreet) | 251 | 1516 | 127 | 1894
Second Army Corps (Jackson) | 344 | 2545 | 526 | 3415
Stuart's Cavalry | .. | 13 | .. | 13
------------------------------|---------|----------|----------|--------
Aggregate | 595 | 4074 | 653 | 5322
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
During the night, before twelve o'clock, a despatch-bearer lost his way
and was captured. He had on his person a memorandum of the purpose of
General Burnside for renewing the battle against Marye's Hill in the
morning. The information was sent up to general head-quarters, and orders
were sent General Ransom to intrench his brigade along the crest of the
hill. Orders were sent other parts of the line to improve defences and
prepare for the next day in ammunition, water, and rations, under
conviction that the battle of next day, if made as ordered, would be the
last of the Army of the Potomac.
Morning came and passed without serious demonstrations on the part of the
enemy. Orders were sent out, however, for renewed efforts to strengthen
the position. Colonel Alexander found a point at which he could pit a gun
in enfilade position to the swell of ground behind which the enemy
assembled his forces before advancing to the charge, and
Lieutenant-Colonel Latrobe sunk a gun in similar position for fire across
the field of their charges. We were so well prepared that we became
anxious before the night of the 14th lest General Burnside would not come
again. In the night he drew back to the river, and during the night of the
15th recrossed and sent his troops to their camps.
The stone wall was not thought before the battle a very important element.
We assumed that the formidable advance would be made against the troops of
McLaws's division at Lee's Hill, to turn the position at the sunken
road, dislodge my force stationed there, then to occupy the sunken road,
and afterwards ascend to the plateau upon which the Marye mansion stands;
that this would bring their forces under cross and direct fire of all of
our batteries--short- and long-range guns--in such concentration as to
beat them back in bad disorder.
[Illustration: Osmun Latrobe. Chief of Staff of the First Corps, after the
Battle of the Wilderness.]
General Hood's failure to meet his orders to make counter to the
anticipated attack upon Jackson was reported in the official accounts. As
he was high in favor with the authorities, it did not seem prudent to
attempt to push the matter, as called for under the ordinary usages of
war. "_Bis peccare in bello non licet._"
General Lee went down to Richmond soon after the battle to propose active
operations, and returned with information that gold had advanced to 200 in
New York; that the war was over and peace would be announced in sixty
days; that it was useless to harass the troops by winter service. As gold
had gone well up on the Southern side without bringing peace, it was
difficult for soldiers to see the bearing that it could have on the other
side; still, we had some trust and hope in the judgment of superiors.
The forces available for battle at Fredericksburg were: Federal (according
to General Burnside's report), 116,683; Confederate, 78,000. About fifty
thousand of the Union troops were put into battle, and less than twenty
thousand of the Confederates were engaged.
The organization of the Confederate army at this time was as follows:
ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA.
FIRST CORPS, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET.
MCLAWS'S DIVISION, Maj.-Gen. Lafayette McLaws:--_Kershaw's Brigade_,
Brig.-Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw; 2d S. C., Col. John D. Kennedy; 3d S.
C., Col. James D. Nance, Lieut.-Col. William D. Rutherford, Maj.
Robert C. Maffett, Capt. William W. Hance, Capt. John C. Summer, Capt.
John K. G. Nance; 7th S. C., Lieut.-Col. Elbert Bland; 8th S. C.,
Capt. E. T. Stackhouse; 5th S. C., Col. W. D. DeSaussure; 3d S. C.
Battn., Lieut.-Col. W. G. Rice. _Barksdale's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen.
William Barksdale; 13th Miss., Col. J. W. Carter; 17th Miss., Col.
John C. Fiser; 18th Miss., Lieut.-Col. W. H. Luse; 21st Miss., Col.
Benjamin G. Humphreys. _Cobb's Brigade_, (1) Brig.-Gen. T. R. R. Cobb,
(2) Col. Robert McMillan; 16th Ga., Col. Goode Bryan; 18th Ga.,
Lieut.-Col. S. Z. Ruff; 24th Ga., Col. Robert McMillan; Cobb Legion;
Phillips's Legion, Col. B. F. Cook. _Semmes's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen.
Paul J. Semmes; 10th, 50th, 51st, and 53d Ga. _Artillery_, Col. H. C.
Cabell; Manly's (N. C.) battery, Read's (Ga.) battery, Richmond
Howitzers (1st), McCarthy's battery; Troup (Ga.) Art. (Carlton's
battery).
ANDERSON'S DIVISION, Maj.-Gen. Richard H. Anderson:--_Wilcox's
Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox; 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 14th
Ala. _Mahone's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. William Mahone; 6th, 12th, 16th,
41st, and 61st Va. _Featherston's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. W. S.
Featherston; 12th, 16th, 19th, and 48th Miss. (5 cos.). _Wright's
Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. A. R. Wright; 3d (Col. Edward J. Walker), 22d,
48th (Capt. M. R. Hall), and 2d Ga. Battn. (Capt. C. J. Moffett).
_Perry's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. E. A. Perry; 2d, 5th, and 8th Fla.,
Capt. David Lang, Capt. Thomas R. Love. _Artillery_, Donaldsonville
(La.) Art., Capt. V. Maurin; Huger's (Va.) battery, Capt. Frank Huger;
Lewis's (Va.) battery, Capt. John W. Lewis; Norfolk (Va.) Light Art.
Blues, Lieut. William T. Peet.
PICKETT'S DIVISION, Maj.-Gen. George E. Pickett:--_Garnett's Brigade_,
Brig.-Gen. Richard B. Garnett; 8th, 18th, 19th, 28th, and 56th Va.
_Armistead's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. Lewis A. Armistead; 9th, 14th, 38th,
53d, and 57th Va. _Kemper's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. James L. Kemper; 1st,
3d, 7th, 11th, and 24th Va. _Jenkins's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. M.
Jenkins; 1st (Hagood's), 2d (Rifles), 5th, and 6th S. C.; Hampton
Legion; Palmetto Sharp-shooters. _Corse's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen.
Montgomery D. Corse; 15th, 17th, 30th, and 32d Va. _Artillery_,
Dearing's (Va.) battery, Fauquier (Va.) Art. (Stribling's battery),
Richmond (Fayette) Art. (Macon's battery).
HOOD'S DIVISION, Maj.-Gen. John B. Hood:--_Law's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen.
E. M. Law; 4th and 44th Ala.; 6th and 54th N. C. (Col. J. C. S.
McDowell); 57th N. C., Col. A. C. Goodwin. _Robertson's Brigade_,
Brig.-Gen. J. B. Robertson; 3d Ark.; 1st, 4th, and 5th Tex.
_Anderson's Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. George T. Anderson; 1st (Regulars),
7th, 8th, 9th, and 11th Ga. _Toombs's Brigade_, Col. H. L. Benning;
2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Ga. _Artillery_, German (S. C.) Art.
(Bachman's battery), Palmetto (S. C.) Light Art. (Garden's battery),
Rowan (N. C.) Art. (Reilly's battery).
RANSOM'S DIVISION, Brig.-Gen. Robert Ransom, Jr.:--_Ransom's Brigade_,
Brig.-Gen. Robert Ransom, Jr.; 24th, 25th (Lieut.-Col. Samuel C.
Bryson), 35th, and 49th N. C.; Branch's (Va.) battery. _Cooke's
Brigade_, (1) Brig.-Gen. J. R. Cooke, (2) Col. E. D. Hall; 15th N. C.;
27th N. C., Col. John A. Gilmer, Jr.; 46th N. C., Col. E. D. Hall;
48th N. C., Lieut.-Col. Samuel H. Walkup; Cooper's (Va.) battery.
FIRST CORPS ARTILLERY:[114]--_Washington (La.) Artillery_, Col. J. B.
Walton; 1st Co., Capt. C. W. Squires; 2d Co., Capt. J. B. Richardson;
3d Co., Capt. M. B. Miller; 4th Co., Capt. B. F. Eshleman.
_Alexander's Battalion_, Lieut.-Col. E. Porter Alexander; Bedford
(Va.) Art., Capt. Tyler C. Jordan; Eubank's (Va.) battery, Capt. J. L.
Eubank; Madison Light Art. (La.), Capt. Geo. V. Moody; Parker's (Va.)
battery, Capt. William W. Parker; Rhett's (S. C.) battery, Capt. A. B.
Rhett; Woolfolk's (Va.) battery, Capt. P. Woolfolk, Jr.
SECOND CORPS, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THOMAS J. JACKSON.
D. H. HILL'S DIVISION, Maj.-Gen. Daniel H. Hill:--_First Brigade_,
Brig.-Gen. R. E. Rodes; 3d, 5th, 6th, 12th, and 26th Ala. _Second
(Ripley's) Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. George Doles; 4th Ga.; 44th Ga., Col.
John B. Estes; 1st and 3d N. C. _Third Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. A. H.
Colquitt; 13th Ala.; 6th, 23d, 27th, and 28th Ga. _Fourth Brigade_,
Brig.-Gen. Alfred Iverson; 5th, 12th, 20th, and 23d N. C. _Fifth
(Ramseur's) Brigade_, Col. Bryan Grimes; 2d, 4th, 14th, and 30th N. C.
_Artillery_, Maj. H. P. Jones; Hardaway's (Ala.) battery, Jeff Davis
(Ala.) Art. (Bondurant's battery), King William (Va.) Art. (Carter's
battery), Morris (Va.) Art. (Page's battery), Orange (Va.) Art. (Fry's
battery).
A. P. HILL'S DIVISION, Maj.-Gen. Ambrose P. Hill:--_First (Field's)
Brigade_, Col. J. M. Brockenbrough; 40th, 47th (Col. Robert M. Mayo),
55th, and 22d Va. Battn., Lieut.-Col. E. P. Tayloe. _Second Brigade_,
(1). Brig.-Gen. Maxcy Gregg, (2) Col. D. H. Hamilton; 1st S. C. (P.
A.), Col. D. H. Hamilton; 1st S. C. Rifles; 12th, 13th, and 14th S. C.
(Col. Samuel McGowan). _Third Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. E. L. Thomas; 14th,
35th, 45th, and 49th Ga. _Fourth Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. J. H. Lane; 7th
N. C., Lieut.-Col. J. L. Hill; 18th N. C., Col. Thomas J. Purdie; 28th
N. C., Col. S. D. Lowe; 33d N. C., Col. Clark M. Avery; 37th N. C.,
Col. W. M. Barbour. _Fifth Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. J. J. Archer; 5th Ala.
Battn., Maj. A. S. Van de Graaff, Capt. S. D. Stewart; 19th Ga.,
Lieut.-Col. A. J. Hutchins; 1st Tenn. (Pro. Army), Col. Peter Turney,
Lieut.-Col. N. J. George, Capt. M. Turney, Capt. H. J. Hawkins; 7th
Tenn., Col. John F. Goodner; 14th Tenn., Lieut.-Col. J. W. Lockert.
_Sixth Brigade_, (1) Brig.-Gen. William D. Pender, (2) Col. A. M.
Scales; 13th N. C., Col. A. M. Scales; 16th N. C., Col. John S.
McElroy; 22d N. C., Maj. Christopher C. Cole; 34th and 38th N. C.
_Artillery_, Lieut.-Col. R. L. Walker; Branch (N. C.) Art., Lieut. J.
R. Potts; Crenshaw (Va.) Batt., Lieut. J. Ellett; Fredericksburg (Va.)
Art., Lieut. E. A. Marye; Johnson's (Va.) battery, Lieut. V. J.
Clutter; Letcher (Va.) Art., Capt, G. Davidson; Pee Dee (S. C.) Art.,
Capt. D. G. McIntosh; Purcell (Va.) Art., Capt. W. J. Pegram.
EWELL'S DIVISION, Brig.-Gen. Jubal A. Early:--_Lawton's Brigade_, (1)
Col. E. N. Atkinson, (2) Col. C. A. Evans; 13th Ga., Col. J. M. Smith;
26th Ga., Capt. B. F. Grace; 31st Ga., Col. C. A. Evans; 38th Ga.,
Capt. William L. McLeod; 60th Ga., Col. W. H. Stiles; 61st Ga., Col.
J. H. Lamar, Maj. C. W. McArthur. _Trimble's Brigade_, Col. R. F.
Hoke; 15th Ala.; 12th Ga.; 21st Ga., Lieut.-Col. Thomas W. Hooper;
21st N. C. and 1st N. C. Battn. _Early's Brigade_, Col. J. A. Walker;
13th Va., Lieut.-Col. J. B. Terrill; 25th, 31st, 44th, 49th, 52d, and
58th Va. _Hays's (1st La.) Brigade_, Gen. Harry T. Hays; 5th, 6th,
7th, 8th, and 9th La. _Artillery_ Capt. J. W. Latimer; Charlottesville
(Va.) Art., Capt. J. McD. Carrington; Chesapeake (Md.) Art., Lieut.
John E. Plater; Courtney (Va.) Art., Lieut. W. A. Tanner; 1st Md.
Batt., Capt. William F. Dement; La. Guard Art., Capt. Louis E.
D'Aquin; Staunton (Va.) Art., Lieut. Asher W. Garber.
JACKSON'S DIVISION, Brig.-Gen. William B. Taliaferro:--_First
Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. E. F. Paxton; 2d Va., Capt. J. Q. A. Nadenbousch;
4th Va., Lieut.-Col. R. D. Gardner, Maj. William Terry; 5th Va.,
Lieut.-Col. H. J. Williams; 27th Va., Lieut.-Col. J. K. Edmondson; 33d
Va., Col. Edwin G. Lee. _Second Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. J. R. Jones;
21st, 42d, and 48th Va.; 1st Va. Battn. _Third (Taliaferro's)
Brigade_, Col. E. T. H. Warren; 47th Ala., Capt. James M. Campbell;
48th Ala., Capt. C. B. St. John; 10th Va., Capt. W. B. Yancey; 23d
Va., Capt. A. J. Richardson; 37th Va., Col. T. V. Williams. _Fourth
(Starke's) Brigade_, Col. Edmund Pendleton; 1st La. (Vols.),
Lieut.-Col. M. Nolan; 2d La., Maj. M. A. Grogan; 10th La., Maj. John
M. Legett; 14th La., Capt. H. M. Verlander; 15th La., Lieut.-Col. McG.
Goodwyn; Coppens's (La.) Battn. _Artillery_, Capt. J. B.
Brockenbrough; Carpenter's (Va.) battery, Lieut. George McKendree;
Danville (Va.) Art., Capt. G. W. Wooding; Hampden (Va.) Art., Capt. W.
H. Caskie; Lee (Va.) Art., Lieut. C. W. Statham; Lusk's (Va.) battery.
RESERVE ARTILLERY,[115] Brig.-Gen. W. N. Pendleton:--_Brown's
Battalion_, Col. J. Thompson Brown; Brooke's (Va.) battery, Dance's
battery, Powhatan Art., Hupp's battery, Salem Art., Poague's (Va.)
battery, Rockbridge Art., Smith's battery, 3d Howitzers; Watson's
battery, 2d Howitzers. _Cutts's (Ga.) Battalion_, Lane's battery,
Patterson's battery, Ross's battery, Capt. H. M. Ross. _Nelson's
Battalion_, Maj. William Nelson; Kirkpatrick's (Va.) battery, Amherst
Art.; Massie's (Va.) battery, Fluvanna Art.; Milledge's (Ga.) battery.
_Miscellaneous Batteries_, Ells's (Ga.) battery; Nelson's (Va.)
battery, Hanover Art., Capt. G. W. Nelson; Breathed (Va.) battery, J.
Breathed; Chew's (Va.) battery, R. P. Chew; Hart's (S. C.) battery, J.
F. Hart; Henry's (Va.) battery, M. W. Henry; Moorman's (Va.) battery,
M. N. Moorman.
CAVALRY,[116] Maj.-Gen. James E. B. Stuart:--_First Brigade_,[117]
Brig.-Gen. Wade Hampton; 1st N. C., Col. L. S. Baker; 1st S. C., Col.
J. L. Black; 2d S. C., Col. M. C. Butler; Cobb (Ga.) Legion,
Lieut.-Col. P. M. B. Young; Phillips's (Ga.) Legion, Lieut.-Col.
William W. Rich. _Second Brigade_, Brig.-Gen. Fitzhugh Lee; 1st Va.,
Col. James H. Drake; 2d Va., Col. Thomas T. Munford; 3d Va., Col. T.
H. Owen; 4th Va., Col. William C. Wickham; 5th Va. _Third Brigade_,
Brig.-Gen. W. H. F. Lee; 2d N. C., Col. S. Williams; 9th Va., Col. R.
L. T. Beale; 10th Va., Col. J. Lucius Davis; 13th Va., Col. J. R.
Chambliss, Jr.; 15th Va., Col. William B. Ball. _Fourth Brigade_,[118]
Brig.-Gen. W. E. Jones; 6th Va., Col. John S. Green; 7th Va., Col. R.
H. Dulany; 12th Va., Col. A. W. Harman; 17th (Va.) Battn., Lieut.-Col.
O. R. Funsten; White's (Va.) Battn., Maj. E. V. White.