_Columba xanthonura_ Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 32, 1823, pl. 190.
(Type locality, Mariannes.)
_Columba xanthonura_ Lesson, Compl. de Buffon, 2nd ed., 2,
Oiseaux, 1838, p. 281 (Mariannes).
_Columba Pampusan_ Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. "Uranie," Zool., 1824,
pp. 121, 681, pl. 30 (Mariannes); Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed.
Levrault, 40, 1826, p. 345 (Guam); Lesson, Traité d'Ornith., 1831,
p. 471 (Mariannes); Hartlaub, Journ. f. Ornith., 1854, p. 167
(Mariannen).
_Columba erythroptera_ Lesson, Traité d'Ornith., 1831, p. 471
(Mariannes); Kittlitz, Obser. Zool., in Lutké, Voy. "Le
Séniavine," 3, 1836, p. 305 (Guahan); Hartlaub, Journ. f. Ornith.,
1854, p. 167 (Mariannen).
_Columba xanthura_ Prévost and Knip, Les Pigeons, 2, 1838-43, p.
45, pl. 23 (Guam).
_Pampusana xanthua_ Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, 2, 1854, p. 89
(Mariannis); _idem_, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, 40, 1855, p.
207 (Mariannes); Reichenbach, Tauben, 1861, p. 39 (Guam).
_Caloenas (Pampusana) xanthura_ Gray, Cat. Birds Trop. Is. Pacific
Ocean, 1859, p. 45 (Guam).
_Phlegoenas erythroptera_ Reichenbach, Tauben, 1861, p. 41
(Mariannen).
_Caloenas xanthura_ Gray, Hand-list Birds, 2, 1870, p. 247
(Marian).
_Phlegoenas yapensis_ Hartlaub and Finsch, 1872, p. 102 (Type
locality, Uap); Gräffe, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, 2, 1873, pp. 122,
123 (Yap); Schmeltz and Krause, Ethnogr. Abth. Mus. Godeffroy,
1881, p. 391 (Yap); Wiglesworth, Abhandl. und Ber. Zool. Mus.
Dresden, no. 6, 1890-1891 (1891), p. 57 (Yap); Hartert, Novit.
Zool., 5, 1898, p. 61 (Yap); Matschie, Journ. f. Ornith., 1901, p.
113 (Yap).
_Pampusana rousseaui_ Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, 1872, p. 103 (Marianne).
_Phaps erythroptera_ Giebel (part), Thes. Ornith., 3, 1877, p. 89
(Marianne).
_Phaps xanthura_ Giebel, Thes. Ornith., 3, 1877, p. 91 (Marianne).
_Phaps yapensis_ Giebel, Thes. Ornith., 3, 1877, p. 91 (Uap).
_Phlegoenas virgo_ Reichenow. Journ. f. Ornith., 1885, p. 110
(Type locality, Palau-Inseln, error = Guam).
_Phlogaenas erythroptera_ Oustalet, Le Nat., 1889, p. 261
(Mariannes).
_Phlegoenas pampusan_ Wiglesworth, Abhandl. und Ber. Zool. Mus.
Dresden, no. 6, 1890-1891 (1891), p. 55 (Marianne); Oustalet,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (3), 7, 1895, p. 224 (Saypan,
Guam, Rota).
_Phlogoenas yapensis_ Salvadori, Cat. Birds British Mus., 21,
1893, p. 593 (Uap); Oustalet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
(3), 7, 1895, p. 227 (Mackensie); Bolau, Mitteil. Naturhist. Mus.
Hamburg, 1898, p. 68 (Yap); Dubois, Syn. Avium, 2. 1904, p. 772
(Uap).
_Phlogoenas pampusan_ Salvadori, Cat. Birds British Mus., 21,
1893, p. 602 (Marianne).
_Phlegoenas xanthonura_ Hartert, Novit. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 60
(Guam, Saipan); Wheeler, Report Island of Guam, 1900, p. 13
(Guam); Matschie, Journ. f. Ornith., 1901, p. 113 (Guam, Saipan);
Safford, Amer. Anthro., 4, 1902, p. 711 (Guam); _idem_, Osprey,
1902, p. 68 (Mariannas); _idem_, The Plant World, 7, 1904, p. 264
(Guam); _idem_, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., 9, 1905, p. 78 (Guam);
Cox, Island of Guam, 1917, p. 20 (Guam).
_Phlogoenas xanthonura_ Seale, Occ. Papers Bernice P. Bishop Mus.,
1, 1901, p. 42 (Marianas); Reichenow, Die Vögel, 1, 1913, p. 331
(Mariannen); Bryan, Guam Rec., vol. 13, no. 2, 1936, p. 24 (Guam).
_Phlegoenas xanthonura xanthonura_ Kuroda, in Momiyama, Birds
Micronesia, 1922, p. 54 (Guam, Rota, Saipan).
_Phlegoenas xanthonura yapensis_ Kuroda, in Momoyama, Birds
Micronesia, 1922, p. 54 (Yap).
_Gallicolumba xanthonura_ Mathews, Syst. Avium Australasianarum,
1, 1927, p. 75 (Marianas, Mackenzie); Hand-list Japanese Birds,
rev., 1932, p. 189 (Pagan, Almagan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota,
Mackenzie); Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 828, 1936, p. 4
(Marianne); Peters, Check-list Birds World, 3, 1937, p. 136
(Marianne, Yap); Hand-list Japanese Birds, 3d ed., 1942, p. 211
(Yap, Assongsong, Pagan, Almagan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota);
Strophlet, Auk, 1946, p. 538 (Guam); Wharton, Ecol. Monogr., 16,
1946, p. 174 (Guam); Baker, Condor, 49, 1947, p. 125 (Guam).
_Gallicolumba canifrons yapensis_ Mathews, Syst. Avium
Australasianarum, 1, 1927, p. 74 (Yap).
_Terricolumba xanthonura_ Yamashina, Tori, 10, 1940, p. 677
(Assongsong).
_Gallicolumba xanthonura xanthonura_ Mayr, Birds Southwest
Pacific, 1945, p. 290 (Marianas, Yap); Watson, The Raven, 17,
1946, p. 41 (Guam); Stott, Auk, 1947, p. 526 (Saipan); Baker,
Smithson. Misc. Coll., vol. 107, no. 15, 1948, p. 61 (Guam, Rota
Yap).
_Gallecolumba xanthonura xanthonura_ Downs, Trans. Kansas Acad.
Sci., 49, 1946, p. 96 (Tinian).
[Illustration: FIG. 14. Geographic distribution of _Gallicolumba_ of
Micronesia and Eastern Polynesia and routes of its dispersal. (1) _G.
jobiensis_; (2) _G. x. kubaryi_; (3) _G. x. xanthonura_; (4) _G.
erythroptera_; (5) _G. rubescens_.]
_Geographic range._--Micronesia: Mariana Islands--Asuncion, Pagan,
Almagan, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Guam; Caroline Islands--Yap.
_Characters._--Adult male: Forehead, face, chin, throat, and upper
breast white, lightly washed with pale buff; crown, occiput, sides
of head, and nape rusty brown to dark brown; rest of upper parts
dark bronze-olive; feathers of mantle and upper wing-coverts
broadly edged with metallic purple-violet; primaries, under
wing-coverts and axillaries brown; tail, lower breast and rest of
underparts dark brown; bill and feet dark brown.
Adult female: Resembles adult male, but smaller and with
underparts colored between "ochraceous-tawny" and "cinnamon brown"
instead of dark brown and white; head and neck darker and with
more rufous than underparts; remainder of upper surface resembles
underparts but with striking olive green sheen, especially on
upper wing-coverts; primaries brown but outer webs lighter; tail
rufous-brown, with a broad, black subterminal band.
The male type of plumage in the adult female is: breast light drab
tinged with light brown and darkening anteriorly; crown resembles
that of normal female although darker and becoming lighter and
grayer on neck and nape; shoulder and wing-coverts compare
favorably with that of adult male although lighter and with
yellowish tinge; back bronzed olive-green as in normal female but
mantle with a few purplish feathers characteristic of male;
abdomen near "olive brown" with buffy-brown edges to feathers.
Immature male: Resembles adult male, but head and nape darker
brown; throat and upper breast may be more brown and less white.
Immature female: Resembles adult female, but with more rufous
coloring; olive-green sheen on feathers reduced in amount or
absent.
_Measurements._--Measurements are found in table 28.