but not nearly so much ribbed on the sides as the other Calvilles
already described. Skin, covered with a bluish bloom, deep shining
crimson on the side next the sun, but paler red on the shaded side, and
strewed with numerous yellowish dots. Eye, large and closed, with long
segments set in a deep warted and wrinkled basin. Stalk, slender, three
quarters of an inch long, inserted in a deep cavity, which is lined
with thin brown russet. Flesh, greenish white stained with red, not
very juicy, tender, vinous, and with a pleasant perfumed flavor.
A culinary apple of second-rate quality, ripe during November and
December. The tree attains about the middle size, is vigorous and
healthy in its young state, and is a good bearer. It is well adapted
for growing as dwarfs on the paradise stock, and requires a rich and
warm soil.
61. CALVILLE ROUGE DE MICOUD.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. v., p. 242. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3,
n. 119.
Fruit, below medium size; oblate, and ribbed on the sides. Skin, tough,
and bitter tasted, red all over; but of a deeper and darker color on
the side next the sun, and streaked and spotted with paler red on
the shaded side. Eye open, placed in a wide and deep basin. Stalk,
long, inserted in a round cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender and
delicate, crisp, sweet, and perfumed.
This curious apple has the extraordinary property of producing three
crops of fruit in one season. The first flowers appear at the usual
time in April, the second in June, and then for a time it ceases to
produce any more till the month of August, when it again blooms during
the whole of that month, September, October, and November, until it is
checked by the severity of the frosts. The first fruit is generally
ripe during August; the second in October, which are about the size of
a pigeon’s egg, and quite as good as the first. And so on it continues
until retarded by the frosts; but those last produced are rarely fit
for use.
This variety was first brought into notice by M. Thouin, of Paris, who
says the tree originated on the farm of the Baroness de Micoud, near La
Charité sur Loire, in the department of Nièvre.
62. CARLISLE CODLIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 154.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. iii. f. 2.
Fruit, above medium size; ovate flat at the base, irregular and angular
on the sides. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale yellow and strewed with
a few russety specks. Eye, closed, set in a narrow, rather deep, and
plaited basin. Stalk, very short, embedded in the cavity, which is
lined with russet, a few lines of which extend over the base. Flesh,
white, tender, crisp, and juicy, with a fine, brisk, and sugary flavor.
A culinary apple of the first quality, in use from August to December.
It is one of the most useful as well as one of the best culinary apples
we have, being fit for use when no larger than a walnut, and after
perfecting their growth continuing in perfection as late as Christmas.
If blanched in warm water, when used small, the outer rind slips off,
and they may be baked whole; their color is then a transparent green;
and their flavor is exquisite, resembling that of a green apricot.
When it is about the size of a large nutmeg, it may be made into apple
marmalade, or a dried sweetmeat, which rivals the finest Portugal
plum.--_M.C.H.S._
The tree is very hardy, a free grower, and an abundant bearer. As it
does not attain a great size, it may be grown more closely together
than most other sorts. It is a dwarf variety of the old English Codlin.
63. CAROLINE.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--Lind. Guide, 41. Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 66. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 128.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish. Skin, fine rich deep yellow, streaked
with broad patches of red. Eye, small, set in a narrow and plaited
basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, which is lined with
russet. Flesh, firm, brisk, juicy, and highly flavored.
A culinary apple of first-rate quality, in use from November to
February.
This variety was named in honor of Lady Caroline Suffield, the wife of
Lord Suffield, of Blickling and Gunton Hall, Norfolk.--_Lindley._
64. CATSHEAD.--Ray.
IDENTIFICATION.--Raii Hist. ii. 1447, n. 8. Lind. Guide, 65. Down. Fr.
Amer. 103. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 130.
SYNONYME.--Cat’s Head, _Fors. Treat._ 97.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and the same in height;
oblong, nearly as broad at the apex as at the base, with prominent ribs
on the sides, which extend into the basin of the eye, and terminate
in several knobs. Skin, smooth and unctuous, pale green; but with a
brownish tinge next the sun, and strewed with minute russety dots. Eye,
large and open, set in a large, angular, and rather deep basin. Stalk,
short, and slender for the size of the fruit, inserted in a shallow and
angular cavity. Flesh, tender, juicy, and sweet, with a pleasant, acid,
and slightly perfumed flavor.
One of our oldest and best culinary apples; it is in use from October
to January.
The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, and attains the largest
size, and though not an abundant bearer during the early period of its
growth, it is much more productive as it becomes aged.
In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue of Fruits, and also in
Lindley’s “Guide to the Orchard.” This is made synonymous with the
Costard of Ray, which is undoubtedly an error, the Costard being a
distinct variety.
The Catshead is one of our oldest varieties, and was always highly
esteemed for its great size. Phillips, in his poem on Cyder, says--
“-------- Why should we sing the Thrift,
Codling or Pomroy, or of pimpled coat
The Russet, or the _Cat’s-Head’s_ weighty orb,
Enormous in its growth, for various use
Tho’ these are meet, tho’ after full repast,
Are oft requir’d, and crown the rich dessert.”
In Ellis’s “Modern Husbandman,” he says the Catshead is, “a very useful
apple to the farmer, because one of them pared and wrapped up in dough,
serves with little trouble for making an apple-dumpling, so much in
request with the Kentish farmer, for being part of a ready meal,
that in the cheapest manner satiates the keen appetite of the hungry
plowman, both at home and in the field, and, therefore, has now got
into such reputation in Hertfordshire, and some other counties, that it
is become the most common food with a piece of bacon or pickle-pork for
families.”
65. CELLINI.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 132.
[Illustration]
Fruit, rather above medium size; roundish and flattened at both ends.
Skin, rich deep yellow, with spots and patches of lively red on the
shaded side; and bright red streaked and mottled with dark crimson
next the sun, with here and there a tinge of yellow breaking through.
Eye, large and open, with short, acute, and reflexed segments, and set
in a shallow and slightly plaited basin. Stalk, very short, inserted
in a funnel-shaped cavity. Flesh, white, tender, juicy, brisk, and
pleasantly flavored.
A culinary apple of the first quality; in use during October and
November. It is a fine, showy, and handsome apple, bearing a strong
resemblance to the Nonesuch, from which in all probability it was
raised. It originated with Mr. Leonard Phillips, of Vauxhall.
66. CHERRY APPLE.--H.
SYNONYMES.--Siberian Crab _of some_. Kirschapfel, Pomme Cerise, _Diel
Kernobst._ ix. 238.
[Illustration]
Fruit, very small, about three quarters of an inch broad, and the same
in height; oblato-oblong. Skin, thin, and shining, of a beautiful lemon
color on the shaded side, but entirely covered with dark blood-red
on the side exposed to the sun, and which extends towards the shaded
side of a fine crimson. Stalk, very slender, an inch and a half long,
inserted in a small round cavity. Eye, small, without any segments, and
placed in a shallow basin. Flesh, yellow, firm, crisp, and juicy, with
a very pleasant and lively sub-acid flavor.
A beautiful little apple, more resembling a cherry in its general
appearance than an apple. It is ripe in October.
The tree, when full grown, is from fifteen to twenty feet high,
and produces an abundance of its beautiful fruit. It is perfectly
hardy, and may be grown in almost any description of soil. It forms a
beautiful object when grown as an ornamental tree on a lawn or in a
shrubbery.
67. CHESTER PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, p. 30. Lind. Guide, 65. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 73. Diel Kernobst, iv. B. 43.
Fruit, medium sized, three inches broad, and two inches and a half
high; oblate, narrowing from the base to the crown. Skin, pale yellow,
but pale red striped with crimson where exposed to the sun, and covered
with large russety spots. Eye, small, and partially closed with broad
segments, and set in a pretty deep basin. Stalk, three quarters of an
inch long, slender, inserted in a deep, funnel-shaped, and russety
cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, soft, and juicy, with a
pleasant, sugary, and perfumed flavor.
A dessert apple of second-rate quality; in use from October to
Christmas.
The tree is hardy, a free grower, a good bearer, and attains a
considerable size. It is said to be extensively cultivated in the
neighbourhood of Chester.
68. CHRISTIE’S PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 10. Lind. Guide, 12. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 84.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xli. f. 3.
Fruit, medium sized, two inches and a half wide, and two inches high;
oblate, without angles, and handsomely shaped. Skin, yellow, tinged
with green on the shaded side; but streaked and mottled with red next
the sun, and speckled all over with large russety dots. Eye, partially
closed, set in a round, even, and rather shallow basin. Stalk, short
and slender, not protruding beyond the margin, inserted in a deep
cavity, which is lined with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, tender,
brisk, juicy, sugary, and pleasantly flavored.
A dessert apple of the first quality; in use from December to February.
The tree is an abundant bearer, but constitutionally weak, a delicate
grower, and subject to canker and mildew. On the paradise stock it
forms a beautiful, compact, and handsome little pyramid.
It was raised by a Mr. Christie, at Kingston-on-Thames.
69. CLAYGATE PEARMAIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. v. p. 402. Lind. Guide, 65. Hort.
Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 538. Down. Fr. Amer. 122.
Fruit, medium sized; pearmain-shaped. Skin, dull yellow mixed with
green, and a thin coating of russet and numerous dots on the shaded
side; but marked with broken stripes of dark red, on the side exposed
to the sun. Eye, large and open, with long segments set in a deep
basin. Stalk, an inch long, inserted in a smooth and rather deep
cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, juicy, rich, and sugary, partaking of
the flavor of the Ribston Pippin.
A valuable and highly esteemed dessert apple of the first quality; it
comes into use in November, and will continue till March.
The tree, though not a strong or vigorous grower, is hardy and healthy,
attains the middle size, and is an abundant bearer. It succeeds well
grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as an espalier or an open
dwarf. Its shoots are slender and drooping.
This excellent variety was discovered by John Braddick, Esq., growing
in a hedge near his residence at Claygate, a hamlet in the parish of
Thames Ditton, in Surry, and by him widely and freely distributed.
70. CLARA PIPPIN.--Thomp.
IDENTIFICATION.--Thomp. in Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 300.
Fruit, small; roundish-ovate. Skin, thick and membranous, orange in the
shade, and brownish red next the sun. Eye, small and closed, placed
almost even with the surface, or set in a slight depression. Stalk,
half an inch long, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, orange, firm,
rich, brisk, and sugary.
A very valuable dessert apple of the first quality, remarkable for the
deep orange color of its flesh. It is in use about December and will
keep till May. It was raised by F. J. Graham, Esq., of Cranford, and
first noticed in the Gardeners Chronicle, April, 1848.
71. CLUSTER GOLDEN PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 282. Diel Kernobst. xi. 103.
SYNONYMES.--Cluster Pippin, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._ Twin Cluster
Pippin, _Ibid._ Thickset, _Ibid._ Cluster Apple, _Diel Kernobst._ xi.
103. Englische Büschelreinette, _Ibid._
Fruit, small, two inches and a quarter wide, and two inches high;
round, and slightly flattened at the apex. Skin, smooth, yellowish
green at first, but changing to yellow on the shaded side; with an
orange tinge next the sun, marked all over with veins and reticulations
of pale, brownish grey russet, with large patches round the stalk and
the eye. Eye, large and open, placed in a very shallow depression.
Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm,
crisp, and tender, with a brisk, sugary, and perfumed flavor.
A very good dessert apple, but not of first-rate quality; in use from
November to March. The fruit is produced in clusters, and it not
unfrequently happens that two are found joined together.
The tree is hardy, a small grower, and a good bearer.
72. COBHAM.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 148. Lind. Guide, 13.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and over two inches and
three quarters high; roundish and angular. Skin, lemon yellow tinged
with green; but with a few patches and pencilings of red next the sun,
and covered with specks and patches of russet. Eye, open, with short
segments, set in a wide and angular basin. Stalk, short and slender,
inserted in a wide, deep, and russety cavity. Flesh, yellowish, crisp,
firm, delicate, and juicy, with a brisk and sugary flavor.
An excellent culinary apple, and not unworthy of the dessert; it is
in use from November to Christmas, and partakes of the Ribston Pippin
flavor.
The tree is hardy, vigorous, and an excellent bearer.
The Cobham is so like a variety which is cultivated near Faversham, in
Kent, under the name of Pope’s apple, that there is some difficulty in
distinguishing the one from the other. Further observation may prove
them to be synonymous.--_See Pope’s Apple._
73. COCCAGEE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 150. Lind. Guide, 102.
SYNONYMES.--Cockagee, _Fors. Treat._ 97. Cocko Gee.
Fruit, medium sized; ovate, and slightly angular. Skin, smooth, pale
yellow, interspersed with green specks. Eye, small and closed, set in a
deep, uneven, and irregular basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a narrow
and shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish white, soft, sharply acid, and
austere.
One of the oldest and best cider apples. Although it is perhaps the
most harsh and austere apple known, and generally considered only fit
for cider, still it is one of the best for all culinary purposes,
especially for baking, as it possesses a particularly rich flavor when
cooked.
The name is said to be derived from _Cocko-Gee_ signifying
_Goose-dung_. In Langley’s “Pomona,” it is said, “This fruit is
originally from Ireland, and the cyder much valued in that country.
About sixteen or eighteen years since [1727] it was first brought over,
and promoted about Minehead, in Somersetshire. Some gentlemen of that
county have got enough of it now to make five, six, or eight hogsheads
a year of the cyder; and such as have to spare from their own tables,
sell, I am told, from four to eight pounds a hogshead. The cyder is
of the color of sherry (or rather of French white wine), and every
whit as fine and clear. I have tasted of it from several orchards in
Somersetshire. It hath a more vinous taste than any cyder I ever drank,
and as the sight might deceive a curious eye for wine, so I believe the
taste might pass an incurious palate for the same liquor.”
74. COCKLE PIPPIN.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 151. Lind. Guide, 66. Rog.
Fr. Cult. 96.
SYNONYMES.--Cockle’s Pippin, _Fors. Treat._ 98. Nutmeg Pippin, _acc.
Hort. Soc. Cat._ Nutmeg Cockle Pippin, _Ibid._ White Cockle Pippin,
_Ibid._ Brown Cockle Pippin, _acc. Gard. Chron._ 1846, 148.
FIGURE.--Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxiii. f. 9.
[Illustration]
Fruit, medium sized; conical, and slightly angular on the sides.
Skin, greenish yellow, changing as it ripens to deeper yellow, dotted
with small grey dots, and covered all over the base with delicate pale
brown russet. Eye, small and slightly closed, set in an irregular,
and somewhat angular basin. Stalk, an inch long, rather slender, and
obliquely inserted in a round and deep cavity, which is lined with
russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, with
a pleasant aromatic flavor.
An excellent dessert apple of the finest quality, in use from January
to April. Tree healthy, hardy, and an excellent bearer. This variety is
extensively grown in Surry and Sussex.
75. COE’S GOLDEN DROP.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 274.
[Illustration]
Fruit, small, conical, even, and regularly shaped. Skin, green at
first, but changing as it ripens to yellow, with a few large crimson
spots, on the side exposed to the sun, and marked with small patches
of thin delicate russet. Eye, small and open, even with the surface,
and surrounded with a few shallow plaits. Stalk, three quarters of an
inch long, inserted in a small, and shallow depression, which, together
with the base, is entirely covered with russet. Flesh, greenish-yellow,
firm, crisp, and very juicy, brisk, sugary, and vinous.
A delicious little dessert apple of the first quality, in use from
November to May.
The tree is hardy, a free upright grower, and a good bearer. It attains
about the middle size. If grafted on the paradise stock it is well
suited for espaliers, or growing as an open dwarf.
This excellent variety was introduced to notice by Gervase Coe, of Bury
St. Edmonds, who raised the Golden Drop Plum. It has been said that it
is a very old variety, which has existed for many years in some Essex
orchards, but was propagated by Coe as a seedling of his own.
76. COLE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 172. Lind. Guide, 13. Down.
Fr. Amer. 71.
SYNONYME.--Scarlet Perfume, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURE.--Pom. Mag. t. 104. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xxxvii. f. 3.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter broad, and two and a half
high; roundish, considerably flattened, almost oblate, and angular on
the sides. Skin, yellowish, almost entirely covered with deep crimson,
and slightly marked with russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a wide
and open basin. Stalk, long, covered with down, and inserted in a close
narrow cavity, with a fleshy prominence on one side of it. Flesh,
white, firm, juicy, and sweet, with a rich, brisk, and pleasant flavor.
A first-rate early kitchen apple, and second-rate for the dessert. It
is in use during August and September, and will even keep as long as
Christmas, if well preserved.
The tree is hardy, vigorous, and a good bearer, and on account of the
size of the fruit should be grown rather as a dwarf than a standard.
77. COLONEL HARBORD’S PIPPIN.--Lind.
IDENTIFICATION.--G. Lind. in Hort. Trans. vol. iv., p. 65. Lind.
Guide, 66. Hort Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 174.
Fruit, large, about three inches and a half wide, and the same in
height; conical, and angular on the sides. Skin, pale yellowish-green,
partially russeted on one side. Eye, large, set in a rather shallow
basin, surrounded with plaits and wrinkles. Stalk, half an inch long.
Flesh, white, tinged with green, soft, and very juicy, with a brisk
tart flavor.
An excellent culinary apple of the first quality; in use from November
to March. It originated at Blickling Hall, in Norfolk.
78. COLONEL VAUGHAN’S.--H.
[Illustration]
Fruit, below medium size, one and three quarter inches high, and two
inches broad; oblato-conical, or conical. Skin, smooth and shining, the
side next the sun entirely covered with bright crimson, streaked with
very dark crimson, and thinly strewed with greyish white dots; but of a
fine waxen yellow, streaked and dotted with broken streaks of crimson
on the shaded side. Eye, small and closed, set in a wide, rather
shallow, and plaited basin. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long,
inserted in a round, deep, and even cavity, which is lined with thin
pale brown russet. Flesh, white, slightly tinged with red under the
skin on the side next the sun, firm, crisp, and brittle, very juicy,
with a sweet, brisk, and fine strawberry flavor.
A very excellent dessert apple; ripe in the end of September and during
October, at which season it is very common in Covent Garden Market.
In some parts of Kent this excellent little apple is produced in large
quantities for the supply of the London markets, but it is one which is
not met with in general cultivation.
79. CONTIN REINETTE.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Trans. vol. vii., p. 339. Hort. Soc. Cat. ed.
3, n. 645.
Fruit, medium sized; roundish, somewhat resembling the old Nonpareil.
Skin, deep dull yellow on the shaded side, and fine red where exposed
to the sun. Flesh, yellowish, firm, highly flavored, and pleasantly
acid.
A dessert apple of first-rate quality, peculiarly adapted for
cultivation in the northern districts of Scotland. It is in use during
October and November.
The tree is very hardy, an excellent and sure bearer, but a slender
grower.
It was raised by Sir George Stuart Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, in
Rosshire, a gentleman who for a long series of years devoted his time
and talents to the advancement of horticulture.
80. CORNISH AROMATIC.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 181. Lind. Guide, 42. Down.
Fr. Amer. 81.
SYNONYME.--Aromatic Pippin. _Rog. Fr. Cult._ 87.
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 58. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix, f. 3.
Fruit, above medium size, three inches wide, and two inches and three
quarters high; roundish, angular, slightly flattened, and narrowing
towards the eye. Skin, yellow on the shaded side, and covered with
large patches of pale brown russet, which extend all over the base, and
sprinkled with green and russety dots; but of a beautiful bright red,
which is streaked with deeper red, and strewed with patches and dots of
russet on the side exposed to the sun. Eye small and closed, with long
flat segments, which are reflexed at the tips and set in an irregular
basin. Stalk short, inserted in a deep and narrow cavity which is lined
with russet. Flesh, yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, rich, and highly
aromatic.
A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to
Christmas.
The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer.
81. CORNISH GILLIFLOWER.--Hort.
IDENTIFICATION.--Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 267. Lind. Guide, 67. Down.
Fr. Amer. 102.
SYNONYMES.--July-flower, _Hort. Trans._ vol. ii., p. 74. Cornish
July-flower, _Ibid._ vol. iii., p. 323. Calville d’Angleterre, _Baum.
Cat._ Pomme Regelans, _acc. Hort. Soc. Cat._
FIGURES.--Pom. Mag. t. 140. Ron. Pyr. Mal. pl. xix, f. 4.
Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and the same in height;
ovate, angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye, somewhat like
a Quoining. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, and brownish red
streaked with brighter red on the side next the sun; some parts of the
surface marked with thin russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a narrow
and angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a
rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, and aromatic.
This is one of our best dessert apples, remarkable for its rich and
aromatic flavor; it is in use from December to May.
The tree is hardy, and a free grower, attaining the middle size, but
not an abundant bearer; it produces its fruit at the extremities of
the last year’s wood, and great care should, therefore, be taken to
preserve the bearing shoots. It succeeds well, grafted on the paradise
stock, and grown as an espalier or an open dwarf.
This valuable apple was brought into notice by Sir Christopher Hawkins,
who sent it to the London Horticultural Society, in 1813. It was
discovered about the beginning of the present century, growing in a
cottager’s garden, near Truro, in Cornwall.