13-2: =tan sólo=: _only_ (_tan_ redundant and emphatic).
13-3: =inescrutables=: cf. note _estupefacto_, p. 9, 1.
14-1: =¿Cómo que no?=: _que_ is redundant. It is dependent on some
form of the verb _decir_ understood: _How can you say that you will
not?_
14-2: =¡Que no sabe!=: a kindred usage to that in the last note.
_Que_ is frequently used in this elliptical and emphatic manner at the
beginning of a sentence.
14-3: =¡habrá hipócrita igual!=: _can there be_, etc. Cf. note _no
habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
14-4: =regalemos el oído=: _flatter; say pleasant things_.
14-5: =¡vamos!=: cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.
14-6: =músico mayor=: _military bandmaster_.
14-7: =Palacio=: _the royal palace_.
14-8: =Espartero=: (1792-1879) Spanish general and statesman, at one
time regent.
14-9: =¡vaya!=: used like _vamos_ above, p. 14, 5.
14-10: =especialidad=: (in familiar parlance) a notability.
14-11: =no he vuelto=: cf. note _se volvió a reír_, p. 2, 3.
15-1: =otro Rossini=: cf. note _a otro_, p. 10, 1. Rossini:
(1792-1868) Italian composer who once enjoyed an immense vogue. His
music, light, brilliant, but lacking in sincerity and deeper artistic
qualities, is now much neglected.
15-2: =lo que es esta tarde=: _as far as this afternoon is
concerned_.
15-3: =ha de tocar=: _must play_. Cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3,
4.
15-4: =es mi día=: _it is my saint's day_ (which among Catholics is
celebrated as a birthday).
15-5: =papá abuelo=: _dear grandpa._ _Abuelo_ is often used in
addressing an old man.
15-6: =¡Quita allá!=: a phrase used to express emphatic dissent.
Translate _Not much_!
15-7: =Se lo suplica a V.=: _Se = le_, redundant pronoun anticipating
_usted_. See note _se la_, p. 4, 6.
16-1: =Mazzepa=: (or rather _Mazeppa_) a Pole, who in punishment for
an intrigue, was bound to the back of a horse, which carried him among
the Cossacks, where he rose to distinction and high command. _Vide_
Byron's poem _Mazeppa_.
16-2: =Carlos XII=: _(doce_-- the ordinal numerals above _décimo_ not
being used with names of sovereigns) _Charles XII_, king of Sweden
(lived 1682-1718). He fought, at first with brilliant success, against
the Czar, Peter the Great, but was ultimately defeated.
16-3: =Carlos e Isabel=: Fernando VII (see notes _Fernando_, pp. 34,
5 and 51, 17) left the Spanish throne to his daughter, _Isabel II_, but
_Don Carlos_. her uncle, laid claim to it by virtue of the Salic law
excluding women from the throne. A long and disastrous civil warfare
ensued between his party, the _Carlistas_, and the party of the
queen-regent, Maria Cristina, the _Cristinos_.
16-4: =Estoy por decir=: _I am on the point of saying_.
16-5: =buenos humos tenía=: _was much too proud_.
16-6: ni (al lucero, etc.): _even_. The negative is intruded from the
underlying negative psychologic notion: Ramón would not have suffered an
affront--not even from, etc. Cf. note _ni_, p. 99, 3. =lucero del
alba=: the planet _Venus_, bearing (as morning star) the name
_Lucifer_. For _el alba_ cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.
16-7: =morrión=: a kind of tall helmet-cap, worn by the _Cristinos_.
16-8: =boina=: a round woolen cap, worn by the Carlists.
16-9: =el Principado=: the territory of _Asturias_, in the north of
Spain. The term is also applicable to _Cataluña_ in the northeast of
Spain.
17-1: =regularmente=: (i.e. _según reglas; naturalmente) presumably_.
17-2: =no te expongas=: cf. note _no seas_, p. 6, 7.
17-3: =se la ha fumado=: for _se_ cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.
17-4: =El que no asista=, etc.: a very loosely constructed sentence.
Translate: _If either of us does not appear_, etc.
18-1: =alaveses=: _natives of Álava_, a Basque province in the north
of Spain.
18-2: =boina blanca de carlista=: see note _boina_, p. 16, 8.
18-3: =pistoletazo=: _pistol-shot_. Observe the use of the ending
_azo_, denoting a blow, cut, or shot with a weapon.
18-4: =era de suponer=: _it was to be supposed; it was presumable_.
18-5: =habrá perecido=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
18-6: =da razón=: _give an account_.
19-1: =habían despertado=: (intransitive).
20-1: =a una voz=: _with one voice_.
20-2: =por último=: _finally_. Cf. _por fin_.
21-1: =Ánimas=: ringing of bells, generally at sunset, inviting to
prayer for the souls of the dead.
21-2: =el nombre de siempre=: _the same name as always_. Cf. _lo de
siempre,_ the same as ever.
21-3: =Como sabrás=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
21-4: =cristino=: see =note= _Carlos e Isabel_, p. 16, 3.
22-1: =al salir el sol=: at sunrise (_el sol_ is the subject of
_salir_).
22-2: =veintiún=: (for _veinte y un_.) Observe that _uno_ in
compounds is not pluralized and drops _o_ before a noun. Other compounds
are similarly formed, e.g. _dieciseis, veintiseis_.
23-1: =tanto me conocía=: _knew me so well_.
23-2: =un corneta=: the nouns _corneta, trompeta_, etc., used in the
feminine, denote the instrument, and in the masculine, the player.
24-1: =sabré música=: ordinarily the definite article is used before
a noun employed in a general sense. Here a partitive sense is hinted: _I
shall know_ (some) _music_.
25-1: =mi vida se reducía a soplar=: _I passed all my time in
playing_ (_soplar_, to blow).
25-2: =notabilidades=: _noted men; celebrities_.
25-3: =al ave=: _el_ replaces _la_ before feminine nouns beginning
with accented _a_ or _ha. Un_ is occasionally used for _una_ in the same
cases (not academic).
25-4: =me encontré con que=, etc.: _con_ governs the whole following
clause as its object. Psychologically an intervening noun is indicated:
_I met with_ (the discovery) _that I could not_, etc.
25-5: =haga són=: (make sound) _play_. Alarcón has accented _són_ to
distinguish it from the verb _son_.
26-1: =Pedro Pablo Rubens=: Peter Paul Rubens, the great Flemish
painter (1577-1640). He enjoyed much royal patronage, and consequently
much of his work is now in the galleries of Spain and France.
26-2: =Castilla la Nueva=: the southern portion of the province of
Castile, in central Spain, the northern portion being called _Castilla
la Vieja_.
26-3: =de feísima capilla=: _una_ is understood before _feísima_.
26-4: =al momento=: _instantly_.
26-5: =delante=: _in front_ (of himself).
26-6: =Descendimiento=: _descent_ (from the cross).
26-7: =que figuraba estar colgado=: _which was represented as being
hung_.
27-1: =Velázquez=, etc.: this list includes the greatest names in the
history of Spanish painting. They were all contemporaries, though
_Murillo_ (1618-1682) was considerably younger than the others.
27-2: =tal maravilla=: _such a marvel_. Observe the frequent omission
of the indefinite article before _tal_. Cf. note _a otro_, p. 10, 1, and
also _un tal García_, p. 33, 4.
27-3: =propio=: _personal_.
27-4: =Vos=: _you_ (singular). It is used nominatively and after
prepositions, taking a verb in the second person plural. It is more
formal than _tú_ and less so than _usted_.
28-1: =de veras=: cf. note _con todas las veras_, p. 4, 7.
28-2: =está de cuerpo presente=: _is lying in state_.
28-3: =el alma=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.
28-4: =que puede=: _que_ is redundant.
28-5: =se habrá serenado=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
29-1: =en son de burla=: _by way of a jest_. Cf. note _haga són_, p.
25, 5.
29-2: =compraros=: _to buy of you_. Cf. note _tomado a este hombre_,
p. 4, 3.
29-3: =inmortal=: observe the variation from the English form, as in
Spanish _c_ and _n_ are the only consonants doubled. The Spanish
equivalents of English words with initial _imm_ are written _inm_.
29-4: =habéis de saber=: cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.
29-5: =por ir unido=: _because of its being associated_.
29-6: =¡vamos!=: cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.
30-1: =un alma=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.
30-2: =el grande artista=: the apocopated form _gran_, usual before
initial consonants, is not favored before vowels.
30-3: =siglo=: _world_ (lit. _cycle, century_). Cf. English use of
_secular_.
30-4: =por lo que=: a preposition that logically divides _lo que_ is
regularly prefixed.
30-5: =Llevaos=: observe the dropping of final _d_ when _os_ is
suffixed.
31-1: =olvidado=: _oblivious_. A number of past participles are
employed with the value of present participial adjectives. Cf.
_divertido_, amusing.
31-2: =llevarían=: _must have brought_. Cf. note _no habría andado_,
p. 8, 6.
31-3: =a lo largo del templo=: (the length of the church) _down one
of the longitudinal aisles_.
31-4: =vámonos=: observe the dropping of the final _s_ of the first
person plural when _nos_ is suffixed.
31-5: =¡Calla!=; _What_! A number of imperative verb-forms are used
with the value of mere interjections. Cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.
32-1: =Palacio=: cf. note _Palacio_, p. 14, 7.
32-2: =teniéndole a la mesa=: _inviting him to dinner_.
32-3: =se encontró con que=: cf. note _me encontré con que_, p. 25,
4.
33-1: =gallego=: _Galician_. The province of _Galicia_ lies in the
northwest corner of Spain.
33-2: =allá por el año=: _back in the year_.
33-3: =sapos y culebras y agua llovediza=: i.e. popular remedies not
recognized in the legitimate _materia medica_.
33-4: =un tal García=: _a certain García_.
33-5: =acaso, y sin acaso=: _quite certainly_.
33-6: =varón ilustre=: a Greek athlete, Milo of Crotona (in southern
Italy), frequent victor in the Olympic games. By lifting and carrying a
bull-calf daily, he was able, so the legend runs, ultimately to carry
the full-grown bull. He came to his death by trying to pull asunder a
split tree, which, reacting, held him fast until devoured by the wolves.
33-7: =campar por su respeto=: (to be absolute master of one's own
actions) _to have everything one's own way; to have full sway_.
33-8: =se llamará=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
33-9: =las Ánimas=: cf. note _Ánimas_, p. 21, 1.
33=10 =¿Qué hacemos?=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, 1.
33-11: =Por judío=: _for_ (i.e. as being) _a Jew_ (often used as a
term of reprobation).
34-1: =llevo echados=: _llevar_ and _tener_ are sometimes used as
auxiliaries with a past participle governing (and agreeing with) a
direct object. Cf. the Latin _consilium captum habeo_.
34-2: =era mía=: observe that the article is usually omitted when the
verb _ser_ is followed by the possessive adjective (contrary to the
French usage).
34-3: =había de esperar=: cf. note _había de conocer_, p. 3, 4.
34-4: =¡Toma! Como que vendía=: _Why_! (cf. note _¡calla!_ p. 31, 5)
_didn't he sell_ (_como que_, inasmuch as).
34-5: =Fernando VII=: a weak and tyrannical monarch who began to
reign in 1808, but yielded his crown to Napoleon I. Restored to power in
1814, he reigned till 1833. Cf. also note p. 51, 7.
34-6: =qué algazara traen=: _what a noise they are making_.
34-7: =entramos=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, I.
34-8: =cuartos... ochavos=: the _cuarto_ (1/4) was a small copper
coin (obsolete) worth four _maravedís_. _Cuarto_ is also, however, a
(fourth) part of a lacerated body--cf. the English _draw and quarter_.
_Hacer cuartos_ may be translated by this phrase and _hacer ochavos_ by
_make mincemeat_.
34-9: =ochavo=: (1/8) half a _cuarto_.
34-10: =corrían la francachela=: _were carousing_.
35-1: =contaría=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
35-2: =dijérase=: in either member of a conditional sentence (i.e.
condition or conclusion) the simple tense may be substituted for the
compound one. Thus _dijérase_ = _se hubiera_ (or _habría_) _dicho_.
35-3: =alguna vez=: _sometimes_. _Vez_ is often used in the singular
with plural value. Cf. _rara vez_, rarely.
35-4: =Quién... quién=: are used as correlatives: _this one... that
one_. _Cuál... cuál_ are used in the same way. They then bear the
accent-- which otherwise is used only when _quién_ and _cuál_ are
interrogative or exclamatory.
35-5: =2 de Mayo=: the 2d of May, 1808, is one of the great days in
the annals of Spain. Out of loyalty to the royal family, an insurrection
of the populace of Madrid took place, which was put down by the French
only after the most desperate and heroic resistance by the ill-armed
Spaniards.
35-6: =cuál=: supply _había contado_, as after _quién_.
35-7: =batalla de las Pirámides=: won by General Napoleon Bonaparte,
in 1798, in the neighborhood of the Pyramids of Ghizeh, in Egypt. The
French pretended to be defending Egypt against the Turks.
35-8: =Luis XVI=: (_diez y seis_-- cf. note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2)
Louis was guillotined in 1793 by the republican government (_la
Convention_) which had usurped his power.
35-9: =ninguno=: cf. note _conoce nadie_, p. 2, 5.
35-10: =del César=: _of the emperor_. Cf. the manner in which the
name of Caesar has become a fixed title in _Czar_ and _Kaiser_.
35-11: =a España=: a geographical name (not preceded by the article)
is preceded by the preposition _a_ when it is the direct object of a
verb.
35-12: =quijotescas=: quixotic, extravagantly romantic.
36-1: =Sansón=: cf. note _Sansón_, p. 41, 1.
36-2: =Milón de Crotona=: cf. note _varón ilustre_, p. 33, 6.
36-3: =Rey Católico=: Ferdinand V of Spain, husband of Isabella I,
the patroness of Columbus. He occupied the throne after her death.
36-4: =Quirinal=: the Italian royal palace, formerly the summer
residence of the popes.
36-5: =Alejandro Borja=: Rodrigo Borgia, a Spaniard, became pope in
1492. Died 1503.
36-6: =como bueno=: _like a hero_.
36-7: =Cosenza... Pavia=: the first three cities are in southern
Italy; _Pavia_ is a town of northern Italy (near Milan), the scene of a
battle in which Francis I of France was defeated by the Spanish in 1525.
He remained a prisoner in Spain till 1526.
36-8: =Murat=: the apothecary is not quite able to repress his hatred
of Murat, Napoleon's brother-in-law and commander at Madrid,
particularly detested because of his barbarous massacre of the
_Madrileños_ after the _dos deMayo_ (cf. note _2 de Mayo_, p. 35, 5).
36-9: =Francisco I=: _(primero)_ cf. note on _Pavía_ above. Cf. also
remark on _doce_ in note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2.
36-10: =en esto=: _hereupon; at this moment_.
37-1: =vendrán=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
37-2: =vecinos=: (lit. _neighbors_) _citizens; townspeople_.
37-3: =que no=: _= y no_ (used adversatively).
37-4: =Fernando=: cf. note _Fernando VII_, p. 34, 5.
37-5: =Galicia=: cf. note _gallego_, p. 33, 1.
37-6: =a que=: cf. note _a que,_ p. 2, 1.
37-7: =mancebo=: _clerk_, especially a drug clerk.
37-8: =recado de escribir=: _writing materials_.
37-9: =Deuda=: _debit_.
38-1: =Vos=: cf. note _Vos_, p. 27, 4.
38-2: =habréis matado=: cf. note _no habría andado_, p. 8, 6.
38-3: =Pireneos=: Pyrenees Mountains, dividing Spain from France.
38-4: =a la derecha=: in this phrase, and in _a la izquierda_ (to the
left), the feminine is always used. Cf. the French usage.
38-5: =Volvamos a empezar=: cf. note _se volvió a reír_, p. 2, 3.
38-6: =¿Quién calcula eso?=: _who can calculate that?_ (a vivid
form).
39-1: =orden=: denoting a succession or arrangement, is masculine;
denoting a command, it is feminine.
39-2: =suma por separado=: _add up separately_.
39-3: =nos hemos bebido=: cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.
39-4: =o sean=: (followed by a singular substantive, _o sea_) _or_.
40-1: =Ya es hora=: _it is time now_.
40-2: =¡Que entren=: cf. note _que... muera_, p. 3, 6.
40-3: =En esto=: cf. note _en esto_, p. 36, 10.
40-4: =vecinos=: cf. note _vecinos_, p. 37, 2.
40-5: =toque de agonía=: _passing bell; knell for the dying_.
40-6: =ni=: _even_. Observe that _ni_, like many of the Spanish
negative pronouns and adverbs, sometimes loses its negative value. Cf.
note _conoce nadie_, p. 2, 5, and the use of _ninguno_, p. 35, line 23.
41-1: =Sansón=: _Samson_, who destroyed the Philistines by pulling
down the column of their temple. _Vide_ Book of Judges, xiii-xvi.
41-2: =Pavía=: cf. note _Cosenza... Pavía,_ p. 36, 7.
41-3: =hierros=: here used poetically for _espadas_, swords.
41-4: =adheridos=: cf. note _olvidado_, p. 31, 1.
41-5: =no se esperaba=: cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.
41-6: =no tenéis para qué=: _you have no reason_.
41-7: =no los toquéis=: cf. note _no seas_, p. 6, 7.
42-1: la Coruña: the principal port of Galicia (cf. note _gallego_, p.
33, 1).
42-2: Vierais: cf. note _dijérase_, p. 35, 2.
43-1: =creáis a puño cerrado=: _believe implicitly_ (lit. _with
clenched fists_).
43-2: =presumo de liberal=: _I pride myself on being a liberal_ (and
hence inclined to anti= clericalism as well as republicanism).
43-3: =¡cuidado que=: _take note that_.
43-4: =Delfinado=: _Dauphiné_, a province in the southeast of France,
bordering on Italy.
43-5: =que lo que sea no lo sé=: _for I don't exactly know what it
is_.
44-1: =y maldita la falta que me hacía=: _and little need had I.
Maldito_ is often used colloquially as a negative word.
44-2: =¡hombre! ¡me gusta!=: _well! I like that!_ The vocative
_hombre_ is frequently used to express surprise, expostulation, etc.
Here it is evidently addressed to a mere schoolboy.
44-3: =tierra adentro=: _inland_.
44-4: =Piamonte=: _Piedmont,_ a province of northern Italy.
44-5: =que aprendan=: cf. note _¡Que... muera,_ p. 3, 6.
44-6: =a ver=: _let us see. A ver_ may sometimes be rendered more
freely, as _here! look here_!
44-7: =rendidos=: _worn out_.
44-8: =veintisiete=: cf. note _veintiún_, p. 22, 2.
44-9: =Gerona=: a city of Cataluña (province of northeastern Spain).
It surrendered to the French in 1808, after heroically sustaining a
siege for seven months.
44-10: =no creáis=: cf. note _no seas,_ p. 6, 7.
44-11: =ello es=: cf. note _ello es,_ p. 6, 1.
44-12: =Perpiñán=: _Perpignan,_ a Mediterranean port of France a few
miles from the Spanish frontier.
44-13: =Dijon=: a large French city, about two hundred miles
southeast of Paris, in the direction of Geneva.
44-14: =el por qué=: _the reason_ (lit. _the wherefore_).
44-15: =pasaba=: _allowed_.