see Commonwealth (C)
_________________________________________________________________
Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO)
see West African Economic Community (CEAO)
_________________________________________________________________
Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)
see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
_________________________________________________________________
Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)
see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
_________________________________________________________________
communist countries
traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian
governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of
the original and the successor states are no longer communist; see
centrally planned economies
_________________________________________________________________
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
see Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
_________________________________________________________________
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)
see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
_________________________________________________________________
Contadora Group (CG)
established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to
reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America; has evolved into the
Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela
_________________________________________________________________
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
see Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
_________________________________________________________________
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)
established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and
technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations;
members were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Turkey, UK, US; abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are
working on a new organization with expanded membership which focuses
on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West control of
advanced technology
_________________________________________________________________
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA)
note-also known as CMEA or Comecon
established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist
economies and abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan
(observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR),
Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia
(observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique
(observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam,
Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate)
_________________________________________________________________
Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)
address-International Trade Centre Building, 12th Floor, 1191 Cornish
El Nile, P.O. Box 1, Mohamad Freed, Cairo, Egypt
telephone-[20] (2) 754252, 755321
FAX-[20] (2) 754090
telephone-[962] (6) 66 43 26, 66 43 27, 66 43 28
FAX-[962] (6) 66 33 43
established-3 June 1957
effective-30 May 1964
aim-to promote economic integration among Arab nations
members-(11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq,
Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen,
Palestine Liberation Organization
_________________________________________________________________
Council of Europe (CE)
address-Palais de l'Europe, F-67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
telephone-[33] (3) 88 41 20 00
FAX-[33] (3) 88 41 27 81, 88 41 27 82
established-5 May 1949
effective-3 August 1949
aim-to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe
members-(40) Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, Ukraine, UK
guests-(4) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia
observers-(5) Canada, Israel, Italy, Japan, US
_________________________________________________________________
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
address-Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Box 16121, S-10323 Stockholm,
Sweden
telephone-[46] (8) 405 1000
FAX-[46] (8) 723 1176
established-5 March 1992
aim-to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of
aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian
aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and
transportation and communication
members-(11) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden
_________________________________________________________________
Council of the Entente (Entente)
address-BP 3734, Abidjan 01, Cote d'Ivoire
telephone-225] 33 10 01, 33 28 35
FAX-[225] 33 11 49
established-29 May 1959
aim-to promote economic, social, and political coordination
members-(5) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo
_________________________________________________________________
countries in transition
a new term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the
middle group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in
transition, and developing countries; recently published IMF
statistics include the following 28 countries in transition: Albania,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan; note-this group is identical to the group traditionally
referred to as the "former USSR/Eastern Europe" except for the
addition of Mongolia
_________________________________________________________________
Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)
note-also known as World Customs Organization (WCO)
address-Rue de l'Industrie 26-38, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium
telephone-[32] (2) 508 42 11
FAX-[32] (2) 508 42 40
established-5 December 1950
aim-to promote international cooperation in customs matters
members-(142) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium,
Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma,
Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,
Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France,
Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,
Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,
Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
_________________________________________________________________
developed countries (DCs)
the top group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former
USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries
(LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly
democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European
ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the
North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GDP in excess
of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures
well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures
of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ,
Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US; note-similar to the new International
Monetary Fund (IMF) term "advanced economies" which adds Hong Kong,
South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan but drops Malta, Mexico, South
Africa, and Turkey
_________________________________________________________________
developing countries
a new term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the
bottom group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in
transition, and developing countries; recently published IMF
statistics include the following 126 developing countries:
Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba,
The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,
Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,
Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and
Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia,
Zimbabwe; note-this category would presumably also cover the following
46 other countries that are traditionally included in the more
comprehensive group of "less developed countries": American Samoa,
Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Christmas
Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland Islands,
French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gaza Strip, Gibraltar, Greenland,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Jersey, North Korea, Macau, Isle
of Man, Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue,
Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands,
Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,
Tokelau, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin Islands,
Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara
_________________________________________________________________
East African Development Bank (EADB)
address-4 Nile Avenue, P.O. Box 7128, Kampala, Uganda, or Bruce House,
P.O. Box 47685, Nairobi Kenya, or Nic Investment House, P.O. Box 9401,
Miranbo Street, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
telephone-[256] (41) 230021, 230825 or [254] (2) 340642, 340656 or
[255] (51) 113194, 113195
FAX-[256] (41) 259763 or [255] (51) 113197
established-6 June 1967
effective-1 December 1967
aim-to promote economic development
members-(3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
_________________________________________________________________
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
address-United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200,
Thailand
telephone-[66] (2) 2881234
FAX-[66] (2) 2881000
established-28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far
East (ECAFE)
aim-to carry out the commitment of the Economic and Social Council of
the UN to promote economic development
members-(51) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South
Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands,
NZ, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Samoa,
Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam
associate members-(9) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia,
Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands
_________________________________________________________________
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
address-28 Abdel Hameed Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 927115, Amman, Jordan
telephone-[962] (6) 694351
FAX-[962] (6) 694981, 694982
established-9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia
(ECWA)
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission for the
UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain,
Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
address-P.O. Box 3001-3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
telephone-[251] (1) 51 72 00
FAX-[251] (1) 51 44 16
established-29 April 1958
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission of the
UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members-(2) France, UK
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
address-Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
telephone-[41] (22) 917 1234, 907 2893
FAX-[41] (22) 917 0036
established-28 March 1947
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission of the
UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(55) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)
see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
address-Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla
179 D, Santiago, Chile
telephone-[56] (2) 2102000
FAX-[56] (2) 2080252, 2081946
established-25 February 1948 as Economic Commission for Latin America
(ECLA)
aim-to promote economic development as a regional commission of the
UN's Economic and Social Council
members-(41) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico,
Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain,
Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
associate members-(7) Anguilla, Aruba, British Virgin Islands,
Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)
note-acronym from Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique
Centrale
address-CEEAC, BP 2112, Libreville, Gabon
telephone-[241] 73 35 47, 73 35 48, 73 36 77
established-18 October 1983
aim-to promote regional economic cooperation and establish a Central
African Common Market
members-(10) Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe
observer-(1) Angola
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
note-acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
address-B.O. Box 58, Gisenyi, Rwanda
telephone-[250] 40228
FAX-[250] 40785
established-26 September 1976
aim-to promote regional economic cooperation and integration
members-(3) Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
address-6 King George V Road, PMB 12745, Lagos, Nigeria
telephone-[234] (1) 636839, 636841, 636064, 630398
FAX-[234] (1) 636822
established-28 May 1975
aim-to promote regional economic cooperation
members-(16) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
_________________________________________________________________
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
address-No. 5 Khayahan-A-Hejab, Bd Keshavarz, P.O. Box 14155-6176,
Teheran, Iran Islamic Republic
telephone-[98] (21) 653349, 654888, 655100, 658614, 656152, 658045,
659052
FAX-[98] (21) 658046
established-NA 1985
aim-to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation,
communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development
members-(10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
associate members-(1) "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"
_________________________________________________________________
Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC)
note-began as the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC); an
extension of NATO
address-c/o NATO, B-1110 Brussels, Belgium
telephone-[32] (2) 728 41 11
FAX-[32] (2) 728 45 79
established-8 November 1991
effective-20 December 1991
aim-to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues
members-(44) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan
_________________________________________________________________
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
address-EBRD Headquarters, One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2EH, UK
telephone-[44] (171) 338 6000, 338 7931
FAX-[44] (171) 338 6100, 338 6139
established-15 April 1991
aim-to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies
in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania,
former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing
60% of its loans to privatization
members-(60) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, EU, European Investment Bank
(EIB), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco,
Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan;
note-includes all 25 members of the OECD; also includes the EU as a
single entity
_________________________________________________________________
European Community (or European Communities, EC)
was established 8 April 1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy
Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), the
European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market), and to establish a
completely integrated common market and an eventual federation of
Europe; merged into the European Union (EU) on 7 February 1992; member
states at the time of merger were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
_________________________________________________________________
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
address-9-11 rue de Varembe, CH-1202 Geneva 20, Switzerland
telephone-[41] (22) 749 13 35
FAX-[41] (22) 733 92 91
established-4 January 1960
effective-3 May 1960
aim-to promote expansion of free trade
members-(4) Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland
_________________________________________________________________