address-Bd Konrad Adenauer 100, L-2950 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
telephone-[352] 43791
FAX-[352] 437704
established-25 March 1957
effective-1 January 1958
aim-to promote economic development of the EU and its predecessors,
the EEC and the EC
members-(15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, UK
_________________________________________________________________
European Monetary Union (EMU)
note-an integral part of the European Union
address-c/o European Commission, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Bruxelles,
telephone-[32] (2) 199 11 11 proposed-7 February 1992
aim-to promote a single market by creating a single currency, the
euro; time table-2 May 1998: European exchange rates are likely to be
fixed for 1 January 1999; 1 January 1999: all banks and stock
exchanges begin using euros; 1 January 2002: the euro goes into
circulation; 1 July 2002 local currencies no longer accepted
members-(0) likely to be included in the first wave of members:
Austria, Beligum, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain;
note-Denmark, Sweden, and UK decided not to join, and Greece did not
meet all the criteria to take part
_________________________________________________________________
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
note-acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil
Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire
address-CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
telephone-[41] (22) 767 61 11
FAX-[41] (22) 767 65 55
established-1 July 1953
effective-29 September 1954
aim-to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only
members-(19) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
observers-(7) EU, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey, United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),
Yugoslavia (suspended)
_________________________________________________________________
European Space Agency (ESA)
address-8-10 rue Mario Nikis, F-75738 Paris CEDEX 15, France
telephone-[33] (1) 53 69 76 54
FAX-[33] (1) 53 69 75 60
established-31 July 1973
effective-1 May 1975
aim-to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology
members-(14) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
cooperating state-(1) Canada
_________________________________________________________________
European Union (EU)
note-evolved from the European Community (EC)
address-c/o European Commission, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels,
Belgium
telephone-[32] (2) 299 11 11
FAX-[32] (2) 295 01 38 through 295 01 40
established-7 February 1992
effective-1 November 1993
aim-to coordinate policy among the 15 members in three fields:
economics, building on the European Economic Community's (EEC) efforts
to establish a common market and eventually a common currency to be
called the 'euro', which will supercede the EU's accounting unit, the
ECU; defense, within the concept of a Common Foreign and Security
Policy (CFSP); and justice and home affairs, including immigration,
drugs, terrorism, and improved living and working conditions
members-(15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, UK
membership applicant-(12) Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia
_________________________________________________________________
First World
another term for countries with advanced, industrialized economies;
this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs)
_________________________________________________________________
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
address-Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy
telephone-[39] (6) 52251
FAX-[39] (6) 5225 3152
established-16 October 1945
aim-to raise living standards and increase availability of
agricultural products, as a UN specialized agency
members-(175) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin,
Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands,
Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji,
Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,
Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members-(1) Puerto Rico
_________________________________________________________________
former Soviet Union (FSU)
a collective term often used to identify as a group the successor
nations to the Soviet Union or USSR; this group of 15 countries
consists of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
_________________________________________________________________
former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/ EE)
the middle group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former
USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries
(LDCs); these countries are in political and economic transition and
may well be grouped differently in the near future; this group of 27
countries consists of Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia,
Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan; this group is identical to the IMF group
"countries in transition" except for the IMF's inclusion of Mongolia
_________________________________________________________________
Four Dragons
the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have
experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four
Tigers; this group consists of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore,
Taiwan; these countries are included in the IMF's "advanced economies"
group
_________________________________________________________________
Four Tigers
another term for the Four Dragons; see Four Dragons
_________________________________________________________________
Franc Zone (FZ)
address-Direction Generale des Service Etrangers (Service de la Zone
Franc), Banque de France, 39 rue Crois-des-Petits-Champs, BP 140-01,
Paris CEDEX 01, France
telephone-[33] (1) 42 92 31 26
FAX-[33] (1) 42 92 39 88
established-20 December 1945
aim-to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are
linked to the French franc
members-(15) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad, Comoros, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial
Guinea, France, Gabon, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo; note-France
includes metropolitan France, the four overseas departments of France
(French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion), the two territorial
collectivities of France (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and the
three overseas territories of France (French Polynesia, New Caledonia,
Wallis and Futuna); note-Guinea-Bissau was to become a member on 2 May
1997
_________________________________________________________________
Front Line States (FLS)
established to achieve black majority rule in South Africa; has since
gone out of existence; members included Angola, Botswana, Mozambique,
Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
_________________________________________________________________
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
was established 30 October 1947 to promote the expansion of
international trade on a nondiscriminatory basis; subsumed by the
World Trade Organization (WTrO) on 1 January 1995; members at the time
were Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,
Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon,
Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The
Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea,
Kuwait, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi,
Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia
(suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 2 (G-2)
informal term that came into use about 1986; to facilitate bilateral
economic cooperation between the two most powerful economic giants
Japan, US
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 3 (G-3)
established-NA October 1990
aim-mechanism for policy coordination
members-(3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 5 (G-5)
established-22 September 1985
aim-to coordinate the economic policies of five major noncommunist
economic powers
members-(5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 6 (G-6)
note-also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement; not to be
confused with the Big Six
established-22 May 1984
aim-to achieve nuclear disarmament
members-(6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 7 (G-7)
note-membership is the same as the Big Seven
established-22 September 1985
aim-to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major
noncommunist economic powers
members-(7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada
and Italy
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 8 (G-8)
established NA October 1975 to facilitate economic cooperation among
the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on
International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions
between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977; members were Australia,
Canada, EU (as one member), Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, US
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 9 (G-9)
established-NA
aim-to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis
members-(9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary,
Romania, Sweden, Yugoslavia
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 10 (G-10)
note-also known as the Paris Club; includes the wealthiest members of
the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the
informal steering committee; name persists in spite of the addition of
Switzerland on NA April 1984
address-c/o IMF Office in Europe, 64-66 ave d'Iena, F-75116 Paris,
France
telephone-[33] (1) 40 69 30 80
FAX-[33] (1) 47 23 40 89
established-NA October 1962
aim-to coordinate credit policy
members-(11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
nonstate participants-(4) BIS, EU, IMF, OECD
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 11 (G-11)
note-also known as the Cartagena Group
established-22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia
aim-to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America
members-(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 15 (G-15)
note-byproduct of the Non-Aligned Movement
address-Technical Support Facility, Ch du Champ d'Ancier 17, Case
postale 326, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland
telephone-[41] (22) 798 42 10
FAX-[41] (22) 798 38 49
established-September 1989
aim-to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act
as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement
members-(15) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia,
Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela,
Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 19 (G-19)
established-NA October 1975
aim-to represent the interests of the less developed countries (LDCs)
that participated in the Conference on International Economic
Cooperation (CIEC) held in several sessions between NA December 1975
and 3 June 1977
members-(19) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 24 (G-24)
address-c/o European Commission, DGIA- G-24 Coordination Unit, Rue de
la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium
telephone-[32] (2) 299 22 44
FAX-[32] (2) 299 06 02
established-NA January 1972
aim-to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia,
and Latin America within the IMF
members-(24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala,
India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines,
Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Yugoslavia
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 30 (G-30)
address-1990 M Street NW, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20036, US
telephone-[1] (202) 331 2472
FAX-[1] (202) 785 9423
established-NA 1979
aim-to discuss and propose solutions to the world's economic problems
members-(30) informal group of 30 leading international bankers,
economists, financial experts, and business leaders organized by
Johannes Witteveen (former managing director of the IMF)
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 33 (G-33)
established-NA 1987
aim-to promote solutions to international economic problems
members-(33) leading economists from 13 countries
_________________________________________________________________
Group of 77 (G-77)
address-Office of the Chairman, United Nations, Room S-3959, P.O. Box
20, New York, NY 10017, US
telephone-[1] (212) 963 3816, 963 0192, 963 4777
FAX-[1] (212) 963 3515, 963 1753
established-NA October 1967
aim-to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name
persists in spite of increased membership
members-(129 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan,
Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana,
Brazil, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape
Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon,
The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya,
North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe,
Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Uganda, UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
_________________________________________________________________
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
note-also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the
Gulf
address-P.O. Box 7153, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia
telephone-[966] (1) 482 7777
FAX-[966] (1) 482 9109
established-25 May 1981
aim-to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political,
and military affairs
members-(6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
_________________________________________________________________
Hexagonal Group
see Central European Initiative (CEI)
_________________________________________________________________
high-income countries
another term for the industrialized countries with high per capita
GDPs; see developed countries (DCs)
_________________________________________________________________
Indian Ocean Commission (InOC)
address-Q4 avenue Sir Guy Forget, BP7, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
telephone-[230] 425 9564, 425 1652
FAX-[230] 425 1209
established-July 1982
aim-to organize and promote regional cooperation in all sectors,
especially economic
members-(5) Comoros, France (for Reunion), Madagascar, Mauritius,
Seychelles
_________________________________________________________________
industrial countries
another term for the developed countries; see developed countries
(DCs)
_________________________________________________________________
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
note-also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
address-1300 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20577, US
telephone-[1] (202) 623 1000
FAX-[1] (202) 623 3096
established-8 April 1959
effective-30 December 1959
aim-to promote economic and social development in Latin America
members-(46) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium,
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France,
Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and
Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
_________________________________________________________________
Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)
see Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
_________________________________________________________________
Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
note-formerly known as Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and
Development (IGADD)
address-P. O. Box 2653, Djibouti, Djibouti
telephone-[253] 354050, 354486
FAX-[253] 356994
established-15-16 January 1986 as the Inter-Governmental Authority on
Drought and Development
revitalized-21 March 1996 as the Inter- Governmental Authority on
Development
aim-to promote a social, economic, and scientific community among its
members
members-(7) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda
_________________________________________________________________
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
address-Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
telephone-[43] (1) 20600
FAX-[43] (1) 20607
established-26 October 1956
effective-29 July 1957
aim-to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy
members-(124) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,
Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia,
Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala,
Haiti, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,
South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico,
Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia,
Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zambia, Zimbabwe
_________________________________________________________________