129. 1832. _Bigarreau à gros Fruit Rouge Tardif._ =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc.
Cat._ 46. 1831.
The fruit is somewhat smaller and much later in maturity than that of
the Large Red Bigarreau. The color is dark red on the shaded side and on
the other a brownish-red, almost black which has given it the name Black
Bigarreau; flesh firm, juicy and of excellent flavor.
=Large Spanish.= Species? =1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =1=:1754.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Laroses Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 177 fig., 178.
1860.
_Larose._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:352 fig., 353. 1877.
This cherry was raised from seed in 1826 by M. Larose, of
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit usually
borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate; sides compressed; suture shallow;
stem medium in length, set in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy, tough,
mottled with pale red becoming darker; flesh yellowish, tender, slightly
fibrous, juicy, mildly acid; pit rather large, plump, oval, flattened at
the base; ripens the last of July.
=Late Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ =2=:124. 1847-48.
=2.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 235. 1849. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 199. 1854.
Late Bigarreau was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland,
Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, round-topped, very productive; fruit
large, obtuse-cordate, occasionally somewhat angular; stem long; skin
attractive yellow, occasionally nearly overspread with crimson-red,
delicately blotched or mottled; flesh yellowish, with distinct radiating
lines, juicy, firm, crisp, sweet, pleasant; very good in quality; stone
rather small, roundish; season late, the same as Downer.
=Late Black Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:130.
1832. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:112 fig. 25, 113, 114. 1866. =3.=
Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 338. 1889.
This variety differs from Black Bigarreau in being smaller, less
heart-shaped, and in ripening later. It was first known as Bigarreau
Noir Tardif but Prince, in 1832, at which time he possibly brought it to
America, translated the name into English and called it Late Black
Bigarreau under which name it is now known in English and American
pomologies. Tree large, vigorous, upright, productive; fruit medium to
large, cordate; suture indistinct; color dark brownish-red changing to
glossy black; flesh purplish-red, with abundant, highly colored juice,
very firm, crisp, sweet yet sprightly, aromatic; quality good; ripens in
mid-season or later.
=Late Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.
According to the reference, this is a small, black Heart of poor quality
ripening early in July.
=Late Large Black Griotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._
=2=:145, 146. 1832.
Worthy of consideration because of its beauty and lateness, often
remaining on the tree until October. Tree of medium size; branches
numerous, slender; fruit large, roundish; stem very long; skin dark red,
nearly black; flesh red, very acid and bitter, somewhat milder at
maturity.
=Late Purple Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 85. 1866.
=2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 468. 1869. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24.
1876.
A large, dark red, German variety ripening the latter part of July;
flesh firm, juicy, agreeable.
=Late Richmond.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:111. 1900.
=2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:73. 1903.
The origin of this variety is uncertain but it seems to have been grown
in the Middle West about forty years ago. It is supposed to be a
seedling of Early Richmond differing from its parent in ripening later,
being of better quality, and more upright in growth. Fruit round,
conical; stem thick, moderately long; cavity shallow, broad; skin thin;
flesh tender, with abundant, colorless juice, acid; quality good; ripens
a week or ten days later than Early Richmond; unproductive.
=Late Ripe.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Gerarde _Herball_ 1504, 1505, fig. 5.
1636.
According to Gerarde, this cherry is similar to the wild English cherry
in branches and foliage but the flowers are often doubled; fruit small,
round, dark red, often dried with the stems on; used by physicians.
=Late White Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:113. 1832.
Fruit nearly round, with a deep suture; skin whitish or very pale amber,
tinged with light red; flesh firm, agreeable; ripens in France in
September.
=Latham.= Species? =1.= _Ont. Sta. An. Rpt._ =3=:45. 1896.
Listed as having been grown at the Simcoe Station.
=Laura.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 468. 1869.
Laura originated with Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree spreading,
upright, productive; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, globular,
often one-sided; stem medium, inserted in a shallow depression; skin
pale yellow, largely overspread with rich, bright red; flesh white,
juicy, sweet, rich, half-tender; pit medium to small; ripens early in
June and hangs well.
=Leather Stocking.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853.
=2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211, 212. 1854.
Leather Stocking was grown by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, hardy, moderately
productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, often obtuse; skin faint red
becoming a rich reddish-black when fully ripe, with irregular stripes
and blotches of black; cavity deep, open; flesh firm, tinged with red,
sweet, fair; pit of medium size; season the last of July.
=Leib.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =14=:28. 1872. =2.=
_Horticulturist_ =29=:256. 1874. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App.
163. 1881.
This variety was brought from Germany about 1850 and planted in the
garden of a Mr. Leib, Galena, Illinois. It resembles Early Richmond and
was claimed to be very productive and hardy at the time of its
introduction; it has not been widely disseminated. Tree hardy, healthy,
upright in growth, bearing abundantly; fruit of a crimson color, sweet;
quality good; season the end of June, following Early Richmond.
=Leitzkauer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 287. 1802.
_Sauer Einmach_ and _Backkirsche._ =2.= Krünitz _Enc._ 73, 74. 1790.
_Leitzkauer Einmachweichsel._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
567-569. 1819.
No doubt the name of this cherry arises from the cloister, Leitzkau, in
Magdeburg, Prussia, Germany, where it is widely planted. It is
propagated by root cuttings and if not pruned, grows tall, weak and
drooping. Fruit medium to small, roundish; stem long; skin dark brown to
glossy black; flesh reddish, juicy, sour; stone small, red; ripens in
August; of little value.
=Lemercier.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Hort. Reg._ (Am.) =1=:343,
344. 1835. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:399 fig., 400. 1847. =3.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 85. 1866. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876. =5.= Leroy _Dict.
Pom._ =5=:353, 354 fig. 1877.
_Frühe Lemercier._ =6.= _Ill. Handb._ 157 fig., 158. 1860.
Discovered by M. Lemercier in Brabant, Belgium, about 1830; introduced
into Paris in 1835 and into America in 1842. It resembles Late Duke with
which it ripens. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture shallow; stem long,
inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, transparent, mottled with
red; flesh yellowish before ripe, becoming red, firm but melting, juicy,
slightly acidulated, with a peculiar fragrance; stone rather large,
roundish, truncate at the base, slightly clinging; ripens the last of
July.
=Léopold (II).= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.
Mentioned but not described.
=Leopoldskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 674. 1797. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 564-566. 1819.
_Griotte de Léopold._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26, 195. 1876.
This variety was received by Truchsess in 1796 from Pastor Winter as
Brusseler Bruyn by which name it was called by a few German pomologists.
It should not be confused with the present Brusseler Braune. Fruit
large, almost round, compressed on one side; skin dark brown changing to
nearly black; flesh dark red, juicy, melting, mild when mature; stone
almost round; ripens toward the end of July. The drooping branches, the
small, sour cherry leaves which turn yellow and drop and the sweetness
in flavor separate it from the Grosse Morelle.
=Leschken (Leschke's) Schwarze Knorpel Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.=
Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Lethe.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 40. 1895.
Lethe was grown by C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit of the
Bigarreau type, large, heart-shaped, surface smooth, glossy; cavity
medium in size and depth, irregular, flaring, marked by irregular waves;
suture shallow; stem very long, slender, curved; skin thin, tenacious,
purplish-black; dots minute, indented; flesh very dark purplish-red,
firm, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, almost sweet; quality good; pit large,
oval, semi-clinging; ripens the last of June in Oregon.
=Liefeld Braune.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.
_Guigne brune de Liefeld._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 6, 191. 1895.
Tree of medium size, very vigorous and productive; fruit large, cordate,
brownish, mottled; flesh red, sweet; of first quality; matures early in
June.
=Lieke Bunte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 61 fig.,
62. 1867. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889.
_Bigarreau Tardi de Lieke._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 190. 1876.
Originated with Herr Lieke of Hildesheim, Prussia, Germany, fruiting for
the first time in 1851. The fruit is one of the latest to ripen; large,
obtuse-cordate, compressed; stem long, slender, inserted in a rather
wide, deep cavity; suture indistinct; skin glossy, tough, yellow,
streaked and spotted with a mild red; flesh faintly yellow, firm, sweet
with a pleasing sourness; stone small, oval; season late.
=Lincoln (I).= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 468. 1869.
Lincoln is a vigorous, spreading variety, found near Cleveland, Ohio.
Fruit large, oblong-cordate, pointed; suture broad, shallow; stem long;
cavity deep; skin dark brown when ripe; flesh firm, veined and mottled
with shades of red, juicy, sprightly, sweet, pleasant; pit above medium
in size; season the first to the middle of July.
=Lincoln (II).= P. _avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 289. 1889. =2.=
_Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:29. 1910.
Seth Lewelling of Milwaukee, Oregon, raised this variety in 1865
probably from a seed of Eagle. Tree large, spreading, with an open top,
seriously affected with black aphis; fruit of medium size,
roundish-cordate; skin very dark, thick, tough; stem short; flesh firm,
deep red, juicy; good quality; pit small, round.
=Lindley.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211. 1854.
Lindley was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland from seeds given him by
M. Lindley, Euclid, Ohio. Tree vigorous, moderately prolific; fruit
large, heart-shaped, surface uneven; skin dark purplish-red; flesh
almost firm, tinged red, juicy, deficient in richness; season the first
of July.
=Lipp.= _P. avium._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ ==2:279. 1903.
_Lipp Late Blood._ =2.= Green _Cat._ 29. 1906.
Lipp originated in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Fruit large, dark red or
crimson; stem long; flesh and juice very dark, meaty; late.
=Litham.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Stone & Wellington _Cat._ 33. 1907.
This is a Russian cherry introduced by Stone & Wellington, Toronto,
Ontario. Fruit of medium size; color red; flesh firm.
=Little Phil.= Species? =1.= _Wyo. Sta. Bul._ =34=:129. 1897.
Mentioned as not hardy in Wyoming.
=Logan.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott
_Fr. Book_ 200 fig. 1854. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24, 201. 1876.
Logan is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries originating in
1842 from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree hardly healthy, somewhat
spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow depression at the
apex; stem variable, set in a deep cavity; skin purplish-black when
ripe; flesh firm, dark red, with white, radiating lines, juicy, sweet,
rich; pit above medium in size, oval; mid-season.
=Long Finger.= Species? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.
"The long finger Cherry is another small long red one, being long and
round like a finger, whereof it took the name:...."
=Look No Further.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. Pat Off. Rpt._ 294. 1853.
This variety was introduced into this country in 1815, from the Royal
Gardens of Luxembourg, Paris, by Samson V. S. Wilder of Bolton,
Massachusetts. Said to be very productive, sweet, large and attractive.
=Lord Belhaven White Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._
56. 1831.
Mentioned but not described.
=Lothaunner Erfurter.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Lothkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 288. 1802. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 595-597. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl Führ.
_Obstkunde_ =3=:65. 1858.
Fruit large, nearly round, flattened on one side; stem long; skin
reddish-black; flesh very tender, red, sour; ripens the first of August.
=Louise.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Chase Bros. _Cat._ 20. 1907.
Louise was found about 1887 by the late Lewis Chase in the vicinity of
Rochester, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, dark red,
sour; ripens in June.
=Louisiana Iron Clad.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _La. Sta. Bul._ =2=:682. 1893.
=2.= _Ibid._ =112=:11. 1908.
This cherry originated in Louisiana about 1900 with A. K. Clingman. It
is said to be the only cherry which will produce fruit in Louisiana; of
the Morello type.
=Löwener Frühkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 359.
1881.
_Frühe Englische Kirsche aus Löwen._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 79 fig., 80.
1867.
_Hâtive de Louvain._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 17, 200. 1876.
_Lowener Frühweichsel._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.
This variety probably originated in Belgium nearly half a century ago.
Fruit variable in size, often large, sides and ends compressed giving it
a square appearance; suture shallow; stem long, strongly inserted in a
wide, regular, deep cavity; skin rather glossy, dark brownish-red; flesh
dark red, tender, juicy, acidulated, refreshing; stone plump, almost
round, base abrupt, with a slight depression; early.
=Lucien.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 228, 229.
1819. =2.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 157. 1825. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_
=8=:79, 80, fig. 38. 1866-73. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367. 1889. =5.=
_Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:61. 1900.
_Guigne Lucien._ =6.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876.
This foreign variety is planted in Canada but is not known in the United
States. It was found by Uellner in Lüneburg, Prussia, about 1806. Leroy
is of the opinion that this is the cherry he calls Guigne Carnée Winkler
which came out a few years later as a seedling of Winkler from Guben,
Prussia.
=Ludwig Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 86. 1866.
_Guigne Ludwig._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876. =3.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =5=:326 fig. 1877.
_Ludwig's Bunte Herzkirsche._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 367, 368. 1889.
Ludwig is a seedling obtained by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth,
England, about 1860. Fruit large, cordate, terminating in a sharp point;
suture slightly indistinct; stem very long, slender, inserted in a wide
cavity; skin glossy, bright red, paler on the shaded side; flesh pale
yellow, tender, melting; pit small, roundish, plump; ripens the last of
June.
=Lukeward.= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629. =2.=
Phillips _Comp. Gard._ 79. 1831. =3.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._
106. 1846.
_Lukeward's Heart._ =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:125. 1832.
A variety supposed to have come from Italy which has long since passed
from cultivation. Fruit cordate, dark brown or nearly black; ripens
early in August.
=Lundie Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 43. 1803.
=2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:118. 1832. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 218.
1854.
Lundie Guigne is an old English cherry first spoken of by Forsyth in
1803. Tree vigorous, large; fruit medium in size, roundish-elongated,
dark purplish-black; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant; season
July.
=McAdow.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Hort. An._ 88 fig. 1869. =2.= _Ohio
Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 32. 1869.
McAdow is supposed to be a cross between Black Tartarian and Elton,
grown from seed by Dr. McAdow, Chillicothe, Ohio. Tree vigorous,
productive, bears early; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed,
without a suture; stem slender, deeply inserted; skin light, pale
yellow, overspread and mottled indistinctly with light, clear red; flesh
firm, yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasant but not rich; quality good;
stone medium to large, oval.
=MacRoach.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1=. _Green-River Nur. Cat._ 23.
1899.
This cherry was found near Guthrie, Kentucky, on the farm of John
MacRoach, where it has fruited for many years and is considered a very
good cherry of the May Duke type.
=Madame Courtois.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 335. 1870-71.
Found by Bonamy, a nurseryman, in 1860, upon a farm belonging to the
Château of Lamothe, near Puylaurens, Tarn, France. Tree productive;
fruit large; skin clear red; flesh tinted with a rose color, sweet, very
agreeable; ripens in June-July.
=Madame Grégoire.= _P. avium. × P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._
26. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 18. 1895.
This variety is said in _Guide Pratique_, 1895, to be very similar to
Reine Hortense.
=Madeleine.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26, 201. 1876.
_Cerise Commune (de la Madeleine_). =2.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No.
12, Pl. 1846.
_Cerisier de la Madleine._ =3.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:507.
1860.
_Amarelle de la Madleine._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:205. 1866.
Madeleine is probably a late strain of the old Cerise Commune formerly
extensively grown about Paris. Fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened
at the ends; suture a line; stem medium in length; skin clear red
changing to brownish-red; flesh whitish, tender, acid; pit small; ripens
the last of July; productive.
=Madison.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211, 1854.
_Madison Bigarreau._ =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 235. 1841. 3. Thomas _Am.
Fruit Cult._ 367. 1849.
_Madison's Bunte Herzkirsche._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 368. 1889.
Madison is a seedling of the White Bigarreau, raised by Robert Manning,
Salem, Massachusetts. Tree healthy, productive, moderate in growth,
spreading; fruit of medium size, regular, heart-shaped; stem rather
short, slender; skin heavily dotted and mottled with rich red on
amber-yellow ground; flesh yellowish, rather tender, juicy, with
agreeable sprightliness; pit small, oval; season the last of June.
=Magann.= _P. avium._ =1.= _New Haven Nur. Cat._ 12. 1899-1900.
Magann is a hardy, Sweet Cherry originating in Franklin County,
Missouri; fruit large, nearly black, borne in large clusters.
=Magèse.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24. 1876. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =5=:327 fig. 1877.
Magèse was received by Leroy from Florence, Italy, about 1864. Fruit
large, attached in twos and threes, obtuse-cordate; stem stout, short,
inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin yellow, washed with carmine; flesh
yellowish, moderately tender, juicy, sugary, acidulated; first quality;
stone small, round, plump; ripens the first of June.
=Magnifique de Daval.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:154. 1882.
=2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 368. 1889.
The flowers and foliage are described by Mas in his _Pomologie
Générale_.
=Magog.= Species? =1.= _Okla. Sta. Bul._ =2=:13. 1892.
Listed in the reference given.
=Mammoth.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ohio Pom. Soc. Rpt._ =10=:44. 1862.
_Kirtland's Mammoth._ =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 198 fig. 1854. =3.= Mas
_Pom. Gen._ =11=:31, 32, fig. 16. 1882.
_Mammuthkirsche._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56. 1907.
Mammoth was raised, probably about 1842, by Professor J. P. Kirtland of
Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of a Yellow Spanish tree grown apart from
other cherries. Tree large, vigorous, round-topped, usually
unproductive; fruit of the largest size, often averaging three and
one-half inches in circumference, obtuse-cordate, with a large,
prominent suture; stem of medium thickness, long; skin moderately thick,
attractive clear yellow, blushed or mottled with light red; flesh
whitish, with abundant, uncolored juice, fine-grained, with distinct
radiating lines, nearly tender, sweet yet almost sprightly; very good in
quality; stone roundish-oval, regular; season early.
=Mammoth Oxheart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Pioneer Nur. Cat._ 16. 1905-06.
Listed, probably not propagated at present.
=Manger.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 211. 1896.
Mentioned without a description.
=Manning Early Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:282. 1842. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 218. 1854.
This variety was grown from a pit of Black Heart by Robert Manning,
Salem, Massachusetts. It differs from the parent only in time of
ripening, which is ten days earlier, and in form of tree, which is more
spreading.
=Manning Early White Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 243.
1841.
Still another seedling raised by Robert Manning, this one coming from a
seed of White Turkey Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, cordate, pale red,
amber in the sun, sweet, fine; ripens in June.
=Manning Late Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:284. 1842. =2.=
Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 234. 1849.
_Manning Black Bigarreau._ =3.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 235. 1841.
_Black Bigarreau._ =4.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass't_ Pt. =3=:54. 1847.
This is another of Robert Manning's seedlings of the Black Heart. Tree
vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate;
skin deep purple, nearly black; stem long; flesh purplish-red, firm,
rather juicy, sprightly, with a pleasant, luscious flavor; ripens the
second week in July.
=Manning Mottled.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 176. 1845.
=2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 361. 1849.
_Mottled Bigarreau._ =3.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:283, 1842.
Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts, raised this cherry from a seed of
White Bigarreau. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large,
roundish-cordate, flattened on one side, with a distinct suture; stem
slender, inserted in a shallow cavity; skin amber, shaded and mottled
with red, with a semi-transparent, glossy appearance; flesh yellow when
fully ripe, tender, with a sweet, delicious juice; stone large; season
at the end of June.
=Maple Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Brookshaw _Pom. Brit._ Pl. 8. 1817. =2.=
_Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.
This a rather firm-fleshed, red Heart of second size and third quality,
ripening in July.
=Marells Royal.= Species? =1.= _Ariz. Sta. Bul._ =15=:65. 1895.
Mentioned as having been planted in Arizona.
=Maria Gaucher.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.
Listed as a variegated, hard-fleshed cherry.
=Marie de Châteauneuf.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18. 1876.
Probably named after the wife of the Marquis de Châteauneuf; fruit very
large, obtuse-cordate, purplish-black; flesh rose-colored, moderately
firm, juicy, sugary, agreeable; ripens the middle of June.
=Marie Thérèse.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:358 fig. 1877.
This variety originated with M. de Luigné near Châteaugontier, Mayenne,
France, and was named after his daughter Marie Thérèse. Tree strong,
vigorous, moderately productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish,
flattened at the ends; suture broad; stem long, slender; cavity small;
skin transparent, firm, red, dotted with whitish-gray; flesh yellow,
compact, melting, juicy, aromatic; first quality; ripens the last of
June.
=Markirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:29, 30. 1910.
Tree large, upright, open-topped, productive; foliage frequently
attacked by aphis; fruit large, dark red, cordate, with a short stem;
skin thick, tender, while the flesh is meaty and deeply stained; stone
round, smooth; ripens the third week in July, often hanging on the trees
until the middle of August.
=Marsotte.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 12. 1895.
Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size; stem of medium length;
skin black; flesh juicy, sugary; used in making Kirschwasser.
=Mary.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 211. 1854.
Mary was raised by B. B. Kirtland, Greenbush, New York. Fruit borne in
clusters, having a bright, lively red color and a sprightly subacid
flavor.
=Master White Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831.
Listed in this reference.
=Mastodon.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 185. 1894.
_Black Mastodon._ =2.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 289. 1889.
Mastodon is a seedling of Pontiac and originated with W. H. Chapman,
Napa, California; introduced by Leonard Coates, then of the same place.
Fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, base very broad; cavity large, deep;
stem stout, long; skin entirely mottled with pinkish or heavy red; flesh
firm, yellowish, tinged with red, meaty, moderately juicy, with a rich,
lively sweet flavor.
=Matilda.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 262. 1892.
Matilda originated with C. E. Hoskins, formerly of Newburg, Oregon.
Fruit medium to large, broad-cordate, surface smooth; skin glossy, dark
red, nearly black; dots very fine; flesh dark red, firm, sprightly,
sweet; very good; ripens in Oregon about the middle of June.
=Matts.= _P. avium._
J. G. Youngken, Richlandtown, Pennsylvania, writes that this cherry is a
seedling of Black Tartarian. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large.
=Mayo.= _P. avium._ =1.= Samuels & Co. _Cat._ 22. 1892.
The original tree of Mayo is on the farm of a Mr. Mayo near Jackson,
Tennessee. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit large, amber shaded
with red, tender; resembles Wood.
=Mazarine.= Species? =1.= Thacher _Am. Orch._ 216. 1822.
Listed as one of the twenty principal varieties in the United States.
=Mednyansky.= _P. avium._ =1=. _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899.
_Moduyansky._ =2.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 185. 1894.
This Hungarian variety was introduced to this country in 1894. In the
second reference the name is spelled Moduyansky but in the first it is
given Mednyansky which form is deemed best to follow here. Tree upright,
spreading, rather vigorous; fruit cordate; suture variable, indistinct
on some specimens but a noticeable ridge from the cavity to the apex on
others; stem stout, long, inserted in a narrow, deep, irregular cavity;
skin very dark purple turning black; flesh firm, rich, sweet, sprightly;
quality very good.
=Meininger Späte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 137
fig., 138. 1860; =2.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 370. 1881.
_Bigarreau-tardif de Meiningen._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 190.
1876.
Tree vigorous, productive, blooming late; fruit of medium size, cordate,
sides compressed; suture shallow; stem slender, variable in length, set
in a narrow, shallow cavity; color pale golden-yellow, spotted with pale
red, which often conceals the ground color; flesh firm, whitish-yellow,
reddish-yellow under the skin, juicy; stone large, oval, usually
somewhat adherent; ripens in August lasting until September.
=Meissener Weisse.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Merise Grosse Rose Oblongue.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53.
1831.
Probably a small, wild variety.
=Merise Petite Ronda.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Merisier Fastigié.= Species? =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 3, P1.
1846.
Poiteau was uncertain as to the name of this variety which he noticed in
the gardens of M. Cels. Tree very pyramidal; fruit yellowish-amber.
=Michigan.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 17. 1885.
Michigan is a supposed cross between Black Tartarian and Yellow Spanish
fruiting for the first time in 1877. It was grown by Stephen Cook,
Benton Harbor, Michigan. Fruit large, cordate, slightly compressed; stem
long; suture lacking; skin deep red, nearly black; flesh firm, juicy,
sweet; ripens early in July. Said to be nearly rot proof.
=Miller.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.
Listed but not described.
=Millet.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Brookshaw _Pom. Brit._ PL. 7.
1817. =2.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =1=:45, P1. 23 fig. 2. 1823.
Described as one of the best black, heart-shaped late Dukes, ripening
the last of June and continuing until September; flesh moderately firm;
stone small; excellent.
=Minnesota.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:280.
1903. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =205=:27. 1903.
Sprouts of this variety were brought from Sweden to Professor J. L.
Budd, Ames, Iowa. Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, slightly
compressed; stem long; skin dark red; flesh dark, tender, juicy,
subacid; very good.
=Minnesota Ostheim.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:120.
1900.
_Ostheim._ =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 371. 1881.
This variety was introduced into Minnesota from North Germany by E.
Meyer, St. Petersburg, Minnesota. It is well adapted to cold regions
where the Montmorency group does not flourish. Tree upright, dense;
fruit large, roundish-oblate, dark red; flesh dark, tender, sweet
subacid; good in quality; stone roundish, slightly flattened; ripens the
middle of July.
=Minnie.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.
Minnie is a vigorous seedling of _Prunus pumila_ grown in Manitoba,
Canada; fruit large and good.
=Monkirsche Rote.= Species? =1.= _Mas. Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Monstrous Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Leroy Dict. Pom._
=5=:360 fig., 361. 1877.
Monstrous Duke is mentioned by MM. Simon-Louis in 1866 as a new sort of
the Anglaise hâtive. It is probably of English origin, but the name is
misleading as the fruit is only moderately large; attached in pairs,
globular; stem stout, short, shallowly inserted; skin transparent,
yellowish, partly covered with red; flesh yellowish, tender, slightly
fibrous, very juicy, sugary, sprightly; pit small, roundish, plump,
adhering to the stem; ripens the last of June.
=Monstrueuse Hennequine.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54.
1831.
Listed without description.
=Montmorency Pleureur.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 17, 196. 1895.
Described as a handsome tree with drooping branches. Its fruit is
somewhat similar to that of the Montmorency.
=Montmorency de Sauvigny.= _P. cerasus._ 1. _Soc. Nat. Hort. France
Pom._ 120 fig., 121. 1904.
_Cerise de Sauvigny._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.
_Belle de Sauvigny._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889.
_Schöne aus Sauvigny._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.
This cherry is a popular fruit about Paris where it is used for
confitures and brandy. Fruit large, roundish, attached in twos or
threes; stem short; cavity large, shallow; color dark red; flesh yellow,
transparent, slightly fibrous, acidulated; stone small, round; ripens
the second half of July.
=Montmorency Stark.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ =4=:46. 1913.
Montmorency Stark is described as having been produced on the Stark
Brothers Nursery grounds, Louisiana, Missouri, from a select tree which
bore large fruit.
=Montreuil.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =80=:23. 1892. =2.=
_Ibid._ =194=:41. 1901. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.
_Belle de Montreuil._ =4.= _Rev. Hort._ 451. 1875.
_Schöne von Montreuil._ =5.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_ 123. 1910.
This variety was mentioned by European writers as early as 1875 but was
not known in America until recently. It is a valuable cherry and was
placed on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1909.
Tree upright, spreading, vigorous, more productive than Reine Hortense;
fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate; stem long, stout; skin mottled
red approaching black; flesh tender, light red, with abundant, colored
juice, subacid, pleasing; quality good; season July; valuable for
dessert and culinary purposes.
=Moorhouse.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leonard Coates _Cat._ 10. 1911.
Moorhouse is no longer propagated, being inferior to its parent,
Napoleon.
=Morella Extra Noir.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54.
1831.
Listed without a description.
=Morella Wye.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:61.
1900.
Listed in this reference.
=Morelle von Wilhelmshöhe.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 16. 1895.
A very good table cherry ripening the seventh week of the season.
=Moreller Langstilkede Sode.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._
54. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Morisco.= Species? =1.= Langley _Pomona_ 86. 1729.
Mentioned without description.
=Morocco.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.
"The Morocco Cherrie hath a large white blossome, and an indifferent big
berrie, long and round, with a long stalke of a darke reddish purple
colour, a little tending to a blew when it is full ripe, of a firme
substance; the juice is of a blackish red, discolouring the hands or
lips, and of a pleasant taste: some doe thinke that this and the Morello
be both one."
=Morten Seedling.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Listed but not described.
=Mosler Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:23. 1858.
Fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem long,
slender; skin black, tough; flesh dark, tender, very sweet; pit
oblong-cordate; ripens the middle of July; productive.
=Moyer Honey Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ N. S. =8=:22.
1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees_ Am. 469, 470. 1869.
This variety was grown by Josiah G. Youngken, Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Tree healthy, vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate,
slightly compressed; suture small; stem long, slender; skin whitish,
shaded and mottled with rich red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant;
often partially clinging; ripens the middle of June.
=Mückelberger Grosse.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24. 1876.
A Sweet Cherry originating in Guben, Prussia, Germany.
=Murdock.= _P. avium._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:289. 1903.
_Murdock's Bigarreau._ =2.= _Gard. Mon._ =28=:240, 241. 1886. =3.= Reid
_Cat._ 35. 1892.
Murdock is thought to have originated in 1887 with John R. and A.
Murdock, then of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Tree large, vigorous,
upright-spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate; cavity deep, wide,
rather abrupt; stem long, slender; skin thin, moderately tough, amber
overlaid and mottled with light red; flesh whitish, firm, crisp,
somewhat sprightly, juicy, sweet; quality very good; stone clinging,
large, ovate, flattened, smooth; ripens early in July, hanging long on
the trees; not susceptible to rot.
=Nancy.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 470. 1869.
Nancy originated with Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. Tree
upright-spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; stem long, stout,
inserted in a large cavity; suture slight; skin pale yellow, shaded and
mottled with crimson; flesh tender, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; stone
small; ripens the last of June.
=Naples.= P. _avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.
_Neapolitanische Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:35. 1858. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 39 fig., 40. 1867.
_Bigarreau de Naples._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 189. 1876.
This is an Italian cherry introduced into Germany, France and England
from Florence, Italy. It is very productive and is distinguished by its
color and its lateness. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large,
obtuse-cordate, sides only faintly compressed; suture indistinct; stem
of medium length, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin tough, firm, glossy,
becoming dark brown or black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, vinous; stone
oval, plump; ripens the sixth week of the season.
=Ne Plus Ultra.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =22=:208. 1880.
Ne Plus Ultra was raised by John Mosely of Goodrich, Ontario. It
resembles Napoleon but is inferior.
=Neapolitanische Molkenkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:33. 1858.
_Bigarreautier de Naples._ =2.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:504.
1860.
_Napolitaine._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
This is a large, lemon-colored, rather firm-fleshed variety that should
not be confused with Naples. Tree small, vigorous; flesh sweet,
pleasing; ripens late in July.
=Nebraska Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gage County Nur. Cat._ 8. 1906.
Listed in this reference as a dark, Sweet Cherry doing remarkably well
in Nebraska.
=Nelson Kentish.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 23. 1892-93.
Said to be more vigorous in growth and more hardy in bud than Early
Richmond.
=Neue Englische Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 542, 543. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 83 fig., 84. 1867.
_Neue Englische Kirsche._ =3.= Christ _Wörterb._ 286. 1802.
According to Truchsess, Mayer grew this cherry about 1775. Tree of
medium height, moderately productive; fruit often large, roundish, more
or less compressed; suture faint; stem straight, medium in length;
cavity wide, deep; skin glossy, tender, black; flesh tender, dark red,
juicy, pleasing subacid; pit plump, small, oval; ripens early in July.
=Neue Ochsenherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 73 fig., 74.
1860.
_Herrnhäuser neue Ochsenherzkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:22. 1858.
_Nouvelle Guigne des Boeufs._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301.
1866.
Fruit very large, acute-cordate, irregular near the apex; stem long,
slender; skin glossy, brownish-black; flesh dark red, tender, sweet,
vinous; stone cordate-oblong; ripens the middle of July; not very
productive.
=Neumann Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._
370. 1889.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=New Century.= _P. cerasus × (P. avium × P. cerasus)._ =1.= _Texas Nur.
Cat._ 10. 1907.
New Century is thought to be a cross originating in Grayson County,
Texas, between English Morello and some Duke; it was introduced by the
Texas Nursery Company. Tree of the Duke type, upright; fruit medium to
above in size; light red; good. The trees are free from mildew in Texas
but do not hold their fruit well.
=New Royal.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Nienburger Frühe Bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:27. 1858.
Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem of medium length,
stout, straight; skin yellowish, spotted and streaked; flesh
aromatically sweet; pit oval; ripens the middle of June.
=Noble.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Gard._ =20=:576. 1899. =2.=
Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 44. 1904.
This variety is said to resemble May Duke. Fruit large; color deep
crimson to darker; flesh firm, colored, rich; late; productive.
=Noire des Vosges.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:105, 106,
fig. 51. 1866-73.
_Griotte Noire des Vosges. =2.= Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 98 fig.,
99. 1904.
This old variety is probably a native of eastern France. The fruit is
used for confections and liquors. Fruit attached in pairs, medium in
size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, set in a
shallow cavity; color almost black at maturity; flesh dark, tender,
vinous, acidulated; stone small, oval, obtuse at the apex; ripens late
in July.
=Nonpareil.= Species? =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 187. 1908.
Nonpareil is a black cherry which originated at Vacaville, California.
=Norfolk.= Species? =1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 87. 1872.
Mentioned as a seedling cherry grown by J. H. Fenno; not described.
=Norma.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Fruit Grower_ =19=:368. 1908.
Norma is a black cherry grown by R. H. Weber, The Dalles, Oregon; it is
earlier than Napoleon.
=Northeast.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:11. 1904.
Northeast is a rather dwarf cherry of the Morello type; very productive.
Said to be valuable as a late market variety but the trees are lacking
in vigor and subject to leaf blight.
=Northwest.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 165.
1881. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1899. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:76
fig. 16, 88. 1903.
This is one of the varieties originated by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois,
and first distributed by Professor J. L. Budd as Wier's No. 29; the
fruit resembles Baldwin. The American Pomological Society placed
Northwest on its fruit catalog in 1899 but dropped it in 1909. Tree
medium in size, resembling English Morello closely both in size and
habit, very productive; fruit medium to large, roundish, obscurely
heart-shaped; stem long, adhering quite firmly to the fruit; skin tough,
medium in thickness, dark attractive red, becoming nearly black; flesh
deeply colored, firm, brisk but pleasant acid, mingled with a slight
astringency; good in quality; stone small, roundish; season early.
=Occident.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 40. 1895.
Occident is a seedling of Napoleon which originated with C. E. Hoskins,
Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit heart-shaped, above medium in size, smooth;
stem long, slender; cavity large, regular, deep, flaring, shaded with
pink; suture shallow; skin very dark purplish-red, thick, tenacious;
dots numerous, small, russet, indented; flesh dark reddish, translucent,
with white veining, firm, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, rich; good to very
good; season late in June; a good shipper.
=Ohio Beauty.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ =2=:123 fig. 19.
1847-48. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854. =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:93 fig. 18, 94, 95. 1866. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 12. 1871.
_Bigarreau Bauté de l'Ohio._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:177, 178 fig.
1877.
Ohio Beauty probably originated in 1842 with Professor J. P. Kirtland,
Cleveland, Ohio; first disseminated in 1847. The American Pomological
Society listed it on its fruit catalog in 1871 but dropped it in 1895.
Tree large, vigorous, hardy, very productive; fruit medium to large,
cordate, compressed; cavity of medium depth, wide; stem slender, long;
skin thin, of medium toughness, light yellow overspread with crimson;
dots numerous, light russet, conspicuous; flesh whitish, with colorless
juice, tender, meaty, mild, sweet; good in quality; stone clinging,
irregular-ovate; season early.
=Okiya.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._
=108=:1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:176, Pl. 6. 1911.
Okiya is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum. Fruit roundish,
dark red; flesh green; excellent quality.
=Oliver.= Species? =1.= _Ariz. Sta. Bul._ =15=:65. 1895. =2.= _Neb.
Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 18. 1900.
Oliver is said to be a valuable cherry for home use in Nebraska; slow in
coming into bearing.
=Opata.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._
=108=:1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:173, 174 Pl. 4, 175, 176. 1911.
Opata, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum which was sent out
in 1908. It is a plum in habit of growth, vigorous; foliage large,
glossy; fruit one and three-sixteenths inches in diameter, roundish;
skin thin, tender, dark purplish-red with blue bloom; flesh green, firm;
flavor very pleasant combining the sprightly acid of the Sand Cherry
with the rich sweetness of the Gold plum; pit very small; season early,
the middle of August.
=Oregon.= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cat. Fruits_ 290. 1889. 2. _Am. Pom.
Soc. Rpt._ 150. 1895.
Oregon is a seedling of Napoleon originated by H. W. Prettyman, East
Portland, Oregon, and named by the Oregon Horticultural Society in 1888.
W. S. Failing of Portland introduced it the same year. Tree vigorous,
upright; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, irregularly flattened
along the suture; stem medium in length, stout, set in a deep, irregular
cavity; skin black; flesh firm, very dark, juicy, sweet; later than
Napoleon.
=Orel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 327. 1888. =2.=
_Maine Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 145. 1889.
This name is given to a dwarf cherry similar to Vladimir from Orel,
Russia. It has small leaves and a close habit of growth; comes into
bearing when from three to four feet in height; fruit larger than
Montmorency, nearly black when ripe, mildly subacid.
=Orel No. 24. _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 328. 1888. =2.=
_Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:77, 78. 1903.
This variety was imported by Budd but the name was lost. Some believe it
to be Lutovka but as grown at the Iowa Station it is more like Early
Morello in form and size of tree and fruit. Tree smaller and more open
than Lutovka; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; cavity deep; stem
medium in length, stout; suture a faint line; skin thin, translucent,
cornelian-red; flesh firm, colored, juicy, pleasingly acid; good; pit
round, angular; season the latter part of June.
=Orel Sweet.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:549. 1892. =2.=
_Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:21. 1910.
_Orel No._ 26. =3.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 328. 1888.
Orel Sweet is known in Europe as Lianzkaja Black; it was introduced into
America by Budd as Orel 26; one of the hardiest of Sweet Cherries. Tree
large, with a spreading top; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; stem
long, slender; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh soft, subacid; pit
small, round, stained; ripens the last of July in Washington.
=Orleans.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Brown Bros. _Cat._ 19. 1906.
Orleans originated in Orleans County, New York. Probably not propagated
at present, although known to many as an improved Montmorency.
=Orléa Smith.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Mentioned but not described.
=Osceola.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 200 fig. 1854. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862.
Professor J. P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, originated the Osceola in
1842, from a pit of the Yellow Spanish. It was placed on the fruit list
of the American Pomological Society in 1862 but was taken from the list
in 189=1.= Tree round, spreading, hardy, healthy, productive; fruit
medium to large, cordate; stem moderately stout inserted in a deep
cavity; suture deep, broad; color dark purplish-red, inclining to black;
flesh dark red, juicy, rich, sweet; pit medium or small, ovate, rounded;
season the last of June and early July.
=Ostheim (of Morris).= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 75.
1890.
This is a small, dark colored cherry differing from the Minnesota
Ostheim in being later and slightly inferior in quality. Fruit round,
compressed; quality fair, lacking in juiciness; pit large; ripens about
August 6th in Ottawa, Canada.
=Othello.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.
One of the Canada Experiment Farm's seedlings of _Prunus pumila_, the
Sand Cherry; fruit large, very black, fair.
=Owanka.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= S. _Dak. Sta. Bul._
=108=:1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:176. 1911.
Owanka, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum, was discarded
soon after it was sent out because of its bitter skin; tree hardy,
productive; fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter; apex
terminated by a minute prickle; skin dark red, with blue bloom; flesh
yellow.
=Ox Heart (of America).= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 24. 1899.
_Major Francis._ =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 127. 1875. =3.= _Wash. Sta.
Bul._ =92=:29. 1910.
_Coeur de Boeuf nouveau_? =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
This cherry originated with G. W. Walling, Oswego, Oregon, about 1865,
and was renamed in honor of Major Francis of Portland. As yet it is
known only in the Northwest. The fruit is of good quality, attractive
color, ripening with Black Tartarian, but is readily sought by the
birds. Tree very large, vigorous, upright, productive; fruit large,
heart-shaped, dark red; flesh deeply stained with red, juicy, sweet;
quality good; too tender for long shipment; season early.
=Pandys Glaskirsche.= Species? 1. _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.
Listed but not described.
=Paramdam.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 308. 1884.
This variety was found nearly a century and a half ago in Paramdam,
England. Tree small; fruit small, round; skin pale red; stem an inch
long; flesh pale, tender, lively acid, agreeable; ripens the last of
July.
=Parent.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 302. 1890.
Listed in the reference given.
=Paretzer Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Listed in this reference.
=Pariser Griotte.= _P. cerasus._ 1. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 430.
1819. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 371.
1889.
This cherry is thought by some to be Duhamel's Griotte but it differs in
its more tender flesh, sweeter taste, and smaller stone.
=Parisian Guindoux.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:140. 1832.
Tree moderately large; fruit large, pale red; flesh sweet; excellent;
ripens the middle of June.
=Paul.= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 185. 1908.
Paul was found by E. V. D. Paul of Ukiah, Oregon; it was propagated and
introduced by the Leonard Coates Nursery Company, Morganhill,
California, in 1908. Fruit large, black, mottled with dark red; late; a
good shipper.
=Pauline de Vigny.= Species? =1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Listed without a description.
=Peach-Blossomed.= Species? =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:151. 1832.
An ornamental cherry with rose-colored flowers.
=Pease.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Hort. An._ 86, 87. 1869.
Pease is a black, sweet seedling from Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland,
Ohio. Tree upright; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; flesh purplish, juicy,
rich; follows Black Tartarian in ripening.
=Perlkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 667. 1802. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 237-242. 1819. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 111
fig., 112. 1860. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:25, 26, fig. 13. 1882. =5.=
Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 371. 1889.
This variety is often taken for the Yellow Spanish but is distinct. Tree
strong, vigorous, productive; fruit usually large, roundish-cordate,
sides compressed; suture distinct; stem short, shallowly but firmly
inserted; skin tough, glossy, resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh
moderately tender, juicy, pleasing, sweet; stone rather large,
elongated-cordate, nearly free; ripens about the middle of July.
=Perlknorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
305-308. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 129 fig., 130. 1860.
_Espagne bigarrée._ =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35, 38. 1771.
_Perlmarmorkirsche._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:43. 1858.
This Bigarreau, though called a Heart by some, should not be confused
with Perlkirsche. Fruit medium to above, roundish-cordate; suture
indistinct; stem medium short, shallowly inserted; skin tough, glossy,
resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh firm, fibrous, juicy, pleasing, sweet;
stone medium in size, plump, oval; ripens the last of July to first part
of August.
=Petite Morelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:182
fig., 183, 184, 216. 1866.
This is a small, acid cherry used in northern Germany for wine-making
and in the kitchen. Tree vigorous, small, bushy; fruit small, round;
suture indistinct; stem short, set in a straight, shallow cavity; color
dark red changing to black; flesh red, tender, always acid; pit small,
reddish, oval, plump; ripens the fourth week of the season.
=Pfitzmann Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._
372. 1889.
Listed in the reference given.
=Pierce Late.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:89, 134. 1854. =2.=
_Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1854. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 265. 1857.
This variety originated with Amos Pierce but was introduced by James
Hyde and Son, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree upright, free, round-topped;
fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, dark red, mottled with light
amber; stem slender, rather short; flesh soft, tender, very juicy,
sweet, rich; stone small; ripens the last of July.
=Pink Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 219. 1854.
Pink Heart is a small, pinkish-red, oval Mazzard; stem short; ripens in
July.
=Planchoury.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =7=:248. 1865. =2.= Mas _Le
Verger_ =8=:61, 62, fig. 29. 1866-73. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:374,
375 fig. 1877.
_Cerise de Planchouri._ =4.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:71, Pl. 1858.
_Kirsch von Planchoury._ =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 372. 1889.
A Dr. Bretonneau grew this variety on his grounds near the River Loire,
France. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, flattened at the base, slightly
compressed on the sides, completely transversed by a suture; stem long,
set in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy, clear red changing to darker
red, uniform; flesh tinged with red, semi-tender, sugary, juicy,
agreeably acidulated; first quality; stone large, oval, free; ripens
early in July.
=Plattgedrückte Schattenmorelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide
Prat._ 26. 1876.
Differs from the English Morello in being more compressed in form.
=Plumstone.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.
_Plumstone Morello._ =2.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 29. 1828. =3.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 198 fig. 1845. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862. =5.=
_Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:120. 1900.
The origin of this variety is unknown but it was found in Virginia early
in the Nineteenth Century by William Prince who brought it to Flushing,
New York. Its name seems to have arisen from the form of the stone.
According to Prince, this variety surpasses all of the European Morellos
for culinary purposes. Tree vigorous, medium in size, productive; fruit
very large, roundish or inclined to obtuse-cordate; stem long, rather
slender, straight; skin dark red becoming nearly black; flesh reddish,
tender, juicy, highly flavored, sprightly, with pleasant acidity when
fully mature; stone long, resembling a plum; season late July.
=Plymouth Rock.= _P. avium._ =1.= Lovett _Cat._ 25 fig. 1895. =2.=
_Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:200. 1899.
_Plymouth._ =3.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 102. 1914.
Plymouth Rock is generally believed to have originated with J. H. Black,
Hightstown, New Jersey. Tree vigorous, upright, round-topped; fruit
above medium in size, heart-shaped, roundish; skin tender,
reddish-amber, with a bright red blush; stem long, slender; cavity
narrow, shallow; flesh rather tender, light colored, juicy; pit round,
plump, small; season early July.
=Podiebrad.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.
_Podiebrad Bunte Herzkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:29.
1858. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 21 fig., 22. 1867.
Probably a seedling from Podiebrad, Hungary. Tree vigorous, productive,
bears early; fruit above medium in size, obtuse-cordate; suture
indistinct; stem long; cavity wide, moderately deep; skin tender,
translucent, sulphur-yellow, nearly entirely washed and spotted with
red; flesh tender, pale yellow, juicy, sweet, without sourness; stone
medium egg-shaped; ripens early in July.
=Pointed Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:119. 1832.
This cherry is so named because part of the style becomes hard and
ligneous forming a sharp point at the apex of the fruit. Fruit cordate;
color red on a yellow ground; flesh firm, crisp, rich, tinged with a
slight bitterness; early.
=Polsted.= Species? =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =24=:412. 1873.
Polsted received its name from a parish in Suffolk, England, where it
was extensively grown.
=Polton Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Pomeranzen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 479-482.
1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:53, 54. 1858.
_Cerise Orange._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:306. 1866.
The name was given this cherry because of the appearance of the tree
which resembles that of the orange. Tree round with a globular head;
fruit large, broadly oblate; stem of medium length, firmly set in a deep
cavity; suture a line; skin clear, almost brick-red, becoming glossy,
darker, and transparent with many white spots; flesh clear, tinged red,
with yellowish-white veins, juicy, sweetly acidulated; first quality;
stone medium in size, round, turgid, sharply pointed; ripens the middle
of July.
=Pontiac.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 201 fig. 1854. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 89. 1866.
Pontiac originated in 1842, with Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland,
Ohio, from =a= pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, upright, somewhat
spreading, healthy, productive; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate,
with sides compressed; stem long, slender, inserted in a broad, shallow
cavity; skin moderately firm, dark purplish-red, becoming nearly black
at maturity; flesh purplish-red, with dark colored juice, rather tender,
juicy, pleasant, aromatic, sweet; good in quality; stone medium in size,
smooth, separating readily from the flesh; ripens in mid-season.
=Pope.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:150. 1832.
Some of the fruits of this cherry are green in the middle of July
whereas the majority are quite ripe; introduced into France from Italy.
Fruit large, round, red; stem very long; flesh similar to but more firm
than that of the Montmorency.
=Portugal.= Species? =1.= _Rea Flora_ 205. 1676. =2.= Coxe _Cult. Fr.
Trees_ 247. 1817.
Tree productive; fruit cordate, red; flavor rich and pleasant; ripens
early in June.
=Powhattan.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.=
Elliott Fr. _Book_ 201. 1854. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =67=:23. 1890.
This is one of the numerous seedlings originated by Professor J. P.
Kirtland, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Fruit roundish-cordate, uneven
in outline, compressed on the sides; stem medium to long; skin
brownish-red, glossy; flesh purplish-red, half-tender, juicy, sweet;
stone small.
=Pragische Muskateller.= _P. avium._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 51, 52, 53.
1790. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 398-402. 1819.
_Cerise de Prague tardive._ =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 42. 1771.
_Muscat de Prague._ =4.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.
The cherry, introduced into Germany from Holland about 1785 under the
name Prager Muskateller, was undoubtedly the variety mentioned by Knoop
in 1771, as Cerise de Prague Tardive. With this variety three other
sorts were confused; the Cerise Blanche, Cerise Guigne, and the Grosse
Ungarische Kirsche, but when fruit was obtained from all, separation was
comparatively easy. Tree very productive; fruit large, globular; suture
a line; stem rather thick, of medium length; cavity narrow, shallow;
skin thin, brownish-red changing to black; flesh tender, melting, juicy,
light red, sweet, wine-like; stone oval or roundish; ripens the middle
of July.
=Précoce de Marest.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28. 1876.
Of doubtful value according to the reference.
=Précoce de Sabaret.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 1068. 1861. =2.=
_Rev. Hort._ 335. 1870.
There seem to be several strains of this cherry; it is one of the
earliest cultivated sorts in France, ripening at the beginning of June
and lasting a month.
=President.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 471. 1869.
President is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries raised in
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit
medium to large, regular, cordate, slightly compressed; stem stout,
slender; suture indistinct; skin red, slightly mottled with yellow;
flesh yellowish-white, half-tender, juicy, sweet; good; pit medium in
size; ripens from the middle to the last of June.
=Pride of Washington.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Wash. Hort. Assoc.
Rpt._ 95. 1905.
This variety is a seedling of the Late Duke grown by J. F. Strong,
Spokane, Washington. The tree is more productive and less disposed to
seaming of limbs where connecting with the body than its parent and its
fruit is also larger, earlier and of better quality.
=Priesche Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:162. 1882.
Listed but not described.
=Prince.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36. 1771.
Listed but not described by Knoop.
=Prince Black Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 471.
1869.
This variety was originated by William R. Prince, Flushing, New York.
Tree vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit medium to large, cordate,
slightly compressed; suture small; flesh purplish, rather tender, juicy,
sweet; good to very good; ripens the last of June.
=Prince Duke.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 29. 1828. =2.=
Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:136. 1832.
Prince Duke was raised by William Prince, Flushing, New York, from a
seed of Carnation which it resembles in tree-characters and in time of
ripening. The fruit is red, more compressed than the parent and
possesses the peculiar bitterness of Carnation before it is full ripe.
=Prince Englebert.= Species? =1.= _Okla. Sta. Bul._ =2=:13. 1892.
Listed as grown at the Oklahoma Station.
=Prince Royal.= Species? =1.= Rea _Flora_ 205. 1676.
According to Rea, this is a large, late ripe cherry, good to preserve.
=Princess.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36. 1771. =2.=
Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:75, 76,
fig. 38. 1882.
_Prinzesskirsche._ =4.= Christ _Wörterb._ 279. 1802. =5.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 261, 262. 1819.
This is a variegated Heart originating in Germany. Tree of moderate
vigor; fruit medium to large, cordate, sides compressed; apex acutely
pointed; suture indistinct; stem very long; color yellow overlaid with
red; flesh tender, juicy, bitterish at first; stone oval; ripens the
fourth week of the season.
=Prinzenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802.
_Grosse schwarze Glanzkirsche_ incor. =2.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 577-580. 1819.
A Morello cherry of German origin. Fruit of medium size, roundish;
suture indistinct; cavity shallow; skin tough, firm, glossy, black;
flesh firm, fibrous, dark red, subacid; pit adherent, almost cordate;
ripens at the end of July.
=Prödlitzer Elitekirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:Pl. 1910.
=2.= _Ibid._ =8=:51, 52. 1910.
This cherry originated on the estate of Hugo Graf Kálnokyschen in
Prodek, Moravia, Austria. Trees upright when young; fruit large to very
large, blackish-brown, obtuse-cordate; suture distinct; stem long,
slender; flesh dark, sweet with a touch of sourness; ripens in July.
=Progress.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.
A seedling of _Prunus pumila_ raised by the Manitoba Station.
=Proskauer Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57.
1907.
A dark, hard-fleshed cherry mentioned in this reference.
=Proudfoot.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854.
This variety was grown by D. Proudfoot, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous,
spreading, moderately productive; fruit large, cordate, flattened at
the base; skin dark purplish-red; cavity open; flesh yellowish, firm,
juicy, sweet; pit large; season the middle of July.
=Puhlmann Frühe.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373. 1889. =2.=
_Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.
Listed as an early black Heart.
=Punktirte Marmorkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:42. 1858.
_Punctirte Süsskirsche mit festem Fleische._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 281.
1802. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 333-336. 1819.
_Bigarreau Ponctué._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:81, 82, fig. 39. 1866-73.
_Punktirte Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= _Ill. Handb._ 57 fig., 58. 1867.
Tree vigorous, upright; fruit roundish-cordate, large; suture deep; stem
long, adhering to the stone; cavity deep; color yellowish-white
overspread with clear red; flesh rather tender but firm, fibrous,
translucent, sweet; pit round, often rather large; ripens at the end of
July.
=Punktirte Molkenkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:29. 1858.
Tree very large, branches long; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture
indistinct; color yellow more or less overspread with red; flesh sweet;
stone small, cordate; ripens early in July.
=Purity (I).= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 289. 1889. =2.=
_Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899.
Purity (I) is a seedling of Elton which originated with W. H. Chapman,
Napa, California, and was propagated by Leonard Coates of that place.
Tree upright-spreading, fairly vigorous; fruit heart-shaped, compressed;
suture broad, rather indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity broad,
shallow; skin amber, shaded and mottled with bright red, waxy,
transparent, thin; flesh rich, sweet, tender, juicy, melting; very good;
season early; rather too tender for market.
=Purity (II).= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 101. 1914.
This is a productive cherry of the Morello class which resembles
Dyehouse and ripens a little earlier than Early Richmond. Tree
moderately vigorous, healthy, bears early; fruit of medium size,
roundish; stem long; cavity deep; apex noticeably depressed; skin very
dark red; flesh yellowish, tender, very juicy, pleasant subacid; quality
good; season late June to early July.
=Quaker.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 262. 1892.
Quaker originated with C. E. Hoskins, Newberg, Oregon. Fruit of medium
size, heart-shaped, dark red, almost black; dots numerous; flesh firm,
dark purple, sprightly, sweet; quality very good; season early July.
=Rainier French.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Red Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Knoop Fructologie_ =2=:35, 38. 1771.
=3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 219. 1854.
_Bigarreau à Gros Fruit Rouge._ =4.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._
=1=:163-165, Pl. II. 1768. =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 308.
1819. =6.= _Pom. France_ =7=:No. 7, Pl. 7. 1871.
_Purpurrothe Knorpelkirsche._ =7.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 340,
683, 684. 1819. _Large Red Bigarreau._ =8.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 273.
1832. =9.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:127. 1832. =10.= Mortillet _Le
Cerisier_ =2=:104, 105 fig., 106, 301. 1866.
Red Bigarreau is probably an old French variety. Fruit very large,
roundish-cordate, irregular, swollen on one side; suture distinct; stem
slender, long, set in a deep, wide cavity; color glossy, tough, dark
red; flesh firm, sweet, rose-colored especially near the pit, juicy; pit
small, oval, adherent along the suture; ripens in July.
=Red Canada.= Species? =1.= _Ariz. Sta. Bul._ =15=:72. 1895.
Listed without a description.
=Red Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36. 1771. =2.=
Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:112. 1832.
Fruit more oblong than the Early Guigne and somewhat larger; skin
entirely red; flesh soft but not high in quality; ripens in June.
=Red Jacket.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 202 fig. 1854. =2.=
_U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 148, Pl. 13 fig. 1. 1864. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._
19, 204. 1876.
Red Jacket was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland,
Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, crossed with Black Tartarian, Black
Mazzard, or May Duke. It was formerly grown commercially in this country
and Europe because of its productiveness and quality. Tree very
vigorous, upright-spreading, hardy, very productive; fruit large, long,
obtuse-cordate; stem rather long, slender; skin thin, pale red becoming
rather bright red; flesh yellowish-white, half-tender, juicy, pleasant,
somewhat astringent until fully ripe when it becomes sweet; good in
quality; stone medium in size; ripens in late mid-season.
=Red Muscatel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 330. 1885. =2.=
_Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 329. 1888.
A variety from North Silesia where it is said to be commonly grown;
fruit large, of good quality.
=Red Oranien.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._
329. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:551. 1892.
This name has been given by some writers as a synonym of Carnation but
Red Oranien as introduced into America from Russia appears to be
distinct and is probably another of the Duke hybrids. Tree productive;
fruit large, dark red, mildly subacid.
=Red Rock.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 434. 1905.
Fruit of the Morello type, round; stem long, inserted in a noticeable
cavity; skin clear red; flesh reddish-yellow with colored juice, mild
but pleasantly acid, refreshing; ripens late in July.
=Red Russian.= Species? =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 237. 1841.
The original name of this variety was lost in importing it from Russia
to Brooklyn, New York, about 1800. Fruit large, dark red, good;
productive; ripens in August.
=Reichart.= Species? =1.= _Pa. Fr. Gr. Soc. Rpt._ 11. 1881.
Recommended as valuable in Pennsylvania.
=Reine-Hortense Hâtive.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide
Prat._ 28. 1876.
A seedling of Reine Hortense introduced in 1873. It resembles the parent
in many respects, differing, however, in earlier ripening and in having
red flesh.
=Remington.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 188. 1845.
_Remington Heart_ =2.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828. =3.= _Lond. Hort.
Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:117, 118. 1832.
Remington originated in 1823 from a pit planted by Zachariah Allen,
Providence, Rhode Island. Its only merit is lateness, not ripening until
August; fruit small, cordate, yellow, tinged with red; flesh firm; bears
abundantly.
=Rentz Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mo. Bd. Agr. Rpt._ 243. 1878.
Mentioned as succeeding fairly well in Missouri.
=Resacks Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373.
1889.
Listed without a description.
=Richardson.= _P. avium._ =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 238. 1849. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 212. 1854.
Originated in the garden of J. R. Richardson, Boston, Massachusetts.
Tree upright, hardy, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, rather
short, tapering to a point; stem short, slender; skin dark red,
inclining to black; flesh deep red, half-tender, rich, luscious, sweet;
ripens the last of June to July.
=Richardson Late Black.= Species? =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:285. 1842.
Originated in the garden of Dr. William P. Richardson, Salem,
Massachusetts. A small, round, black cherry, ripening late in July; very
juicy and productive.
=Richter Sämling.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373. 1889.
Listed but not described.
=Riga No. 108.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =16=:99. 1891.
Listed among the Russian fruits growing at the Texas Station.
=Riga No. 109.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:189. 1897.
Received from Professor J. L. Budd in 1890. Tree upright, unproductive;
fruit borne singly, large; stem short; color dark red; flesh and juice
colored, pleasant, but lacking in quality; ripens the middle of June.
=Rival.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =7=:248. 1865. =2.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 69, 90. 1866. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 373. 1889.
_Bigarreau Rival._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:236, 237 fig. 1877.
This cherry probably came from M. Rival, Saint-Genis-Laval, Rhône,
France. Fruit of medium size, borne in clusters, never less than four in
a cluster, obtuse-cordate, flattened on one side; suture a colored line;
apex shallow, eccentric; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; skin
moderately firm, yellow, mottled with red becoming darker, nearly black
when mature; ripens the last of July to August.
=Rivers Early Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 177.
1845. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 204. 1846.
A seedling raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, which he
says originated about the same time as his Early Amber. The fruit is of
the Heart class, medium in size and season.
=Roberts Red Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:285. 1842. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 176. 1845. =3.= _Horticulturist_ =5=:76 fig.
1850. =4.= _Ibid._ =6=:21 fig. 1851. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:119, 120,
fig. 58. 1866-73.
This variety originated with David Roberts, Salem, Massachusetts, and
was first brought to notice by Robert Manning. Fruit of medium size,
roundish-cordate, slightly obtuse; suture distinct; stem long, slender,
set in a moderate cavity; skin pale amber overspread with pale red,
mottled with deeper red and pale amber specks; flesh white, tender,
juicy, sweet, sprightly; season at the end of July.
=Rochaline.= _P. avium_ =1.= Leonard Coates _Cat._ 10. 1911.
Rochaline, a seedling of Napoleon, is no longer propagated, being
inferior to its parent.
=Rock.= Species? =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 1539. 1688. =2.= Miller _Gard.
Dict._ =1=:1754.
Mentioned as a perfumed cherry.
=Rockland.= Species? =1.= _Mass. (Hatch) Sta. An. Rpt._ =1=:33. 1889.
Mentioned as growing at the Massachusetts Station.
=Rocky Hill Honey Heart.= _P. avium_ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:424. 1847.
A variety originating near Wethersfield, Connecticut, late in the
Eighteenth Century.
=Rocky Mountain.= _P. besseyi._ =1.= _Country Gent._ =26=:238. 1865.
=2.= _Rural N. Y._ =52=:138, 330, fig. 46. 1893. =3.= _Cornell Sta.
Bul._ =70=:261, Pl. 1 fig. =2.= 1894. =4.= Storrs & Harrison _Cat._ 136
fig. 1896. =5.= _Wis. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:229, 230. 1896.
Rocky Mountain, a variety of Prunus besseyi, is a native of the
mountains of Colorado having been discovered there many years ago. It is
chiefly used as a dwarf ornamental, being adapted to a great variety of
soils. Tree small, bushy, averaging about four feet high, very hardy and
productive; fruit ripens after all other cherries are gone, small,
variable in shape, from roundish to nearly oblong; color almost jet
black; flavor sweet with some astringency but edible when fully mature.
=Roe.= _P. avium_ =1.= _Better Fruit_ =5=:No. =11=:49. 1911.
Roe is a seedling from Yamhill County, Oregon, being introduced by the
Oregon Nursery Company, Salem, Oregon; it is said to resemble Napoleon
but is much firmer and later.
=Romaine.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26. 1876.
A variety of doubtful value; ripens in July.
=Ronald.= Species? =1.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 44. 1904.
According to the reference, this is a valuable late variety. Tree small,
compact; fruit very large, bright red, transparent; flesh yellowish,
tender, juicy.
=Röschers Kirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 1 fig., =2.= 1867.
=2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:9, 10, fig. =5.= 1882.
A chance seedling found by a peasant, Röschers, near Heidelberg, Baden,
Germany. Fruit medium, oblate-cordate; sides compressed, angular; stem
long; cavity wide, deep; skin tough, black; flesh dark red, juicy,
vinous; pit small, oval; ripens very early.
=Rose Charmeux.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 75. 1883.
A Polish variety introduced by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa; fruit
large, red, delicate, watery and mild-flavored.
=Rosenobel.= _P. avium_ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 280, 678.
1819. =2.= Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde =3=:27. 1858.
An old German variety fruiting for the first time in 1815. Fruit large,
obtuse-cordate, yellow, streaked with red around the cavity; stem long;
flesh white, tender, sweet; stone oval; ripens the last of June.
=Rostraver Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =28=:240, 241.
1886.
This variety was introduced in 1887, by the originators, John R. and A.
Murdoch, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The trees, as grown on the Station
grounds, are vigorous, moderately spreading; fruit large, blunt
heart-shaped; suture indistinct; stem long, set in a large, deep cavity;
skin thin, tough, rich yellow, mottled with red, similar to Napoleon;
flesh meaty, firm, white, sweet, moderately juicy; season the middle of
July.
=Rothe Glanzkirsche.= Species? =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
490-492, 689. 1819.
Fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; suture distinct; stem slender, of
medium length, set in a shallow cavity; color clear red mixed with
darker red, glossy; flesh tender, white, fibrous; excellent; stone
large, oval, smooth; ripens from the end of June to the middle of July.
=Rothe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 58, 59. 1790. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 437, 438, 439. 1819.
_Herzförmige Süssweichsel._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:48.
1858.
Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; skin clear red
changing to darker red, thin, tough; stem medium in length, set in a
deep, narrow cavity; flesh tender, red near the stone, fibrous, vinous;
stone broadly oblong, clinging to the flesh; ripens at the beginning of
July.
=Rothe Maiknorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 286, 287. 1819.
Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, compressed on both sides; suture
distinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; color wholly red on a yellow
ground; flesh yellowish-white, rather tender, pleasing; excellent; stone
large, cordate, plump; ripens at the beginning of June.
=Rothe Molkenkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 667. 1797. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 229-233. 1819.
_Cerise de petit-lait rouge._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302.
1866.
Christ grew this variety from seed at Kronberg, Prussia, Germany. Tree
productive; fruit of medium size, flattened at the ends and sides;
ventral suture distinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; skin thin,
glossy, overspread with light red, darker in the sun; flesh tender,
light yellow, juicy, bitter before ripe, sweet when mature; stone
roundish, free, tinged with red along the suture; ripens with Black
Tartarian.
=Rothe Soodkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 294. 1802.
_Soodamarelle._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 632-634. 1819. =3.=
Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27, 206. 1876.
The fruit is borne in twos and threes, below medium in size, roundish,
compressed on one side; apex shallow; stem long; color dull blood red,
lighter near the suture; flesh melting, dull yellow; juice reddish,
abundant, tart; stone small, broad, free.
=Rouaanse Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 340.
1819.
A Heart cherry, clear, light red spotted with red in color; flesh firm.
=Rouge Pâle Tardive.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Rouge des Vosges.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:107, 108,
fig. 52. 1866-73. =2.= _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 100 fig., 101.
1904.
Cultivated in the region of Fougerolle, Haute-Saône, France, as the
Noire des Vosges and largely used in the manufacture of a liqueur.
Fruit usually borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate; suture distinct;
stem long; cavity of medium size; skin glossy, dark red; flesh
yellowish, tender, sprightly; stone small, roundish, with a small point
at the apex; ripens the last half of July.
=Round Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:61.
1900.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Royal American.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:62.
1900.
Tree strong in growth; fruit large; skin light red becoming darker in
the sun; flesh yellowish-white, firm, juicy, agreeable; ripens in July.
=Royal Hâtif.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:505.
1860.
Tree very productive, of medium size; fruit large, compressed at the
apex and base; stem green, short, often with stipules; flavor sweet;
very good; ripens at the end of May.
=Rumsey.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:122. 1900.
_Rumsey's Late Morello._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 199 fig. 1845.
This very late cherry was grown by Dr. J. S. Rumsey, Fishkill Landing,
New York, about 1835. Fruit usually borne in pairs, large,
roundish-cordate; suture distinct; stem long; cavity narrow, deep; skin
glossy, a rich, lively red; flesh juicy, melting, acid; stone long;
ripens from the first part of August until frosts.
=Runde Marmorirte Süsskirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 280.
1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 336, 683. 1819. =3.= Oberdieck
_Obst-Sort._ 382. 1881. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 375. 1889.
_Weiss und hellroth geflekte grosse Kramelkirsche._ 5. Kraft _Pom.
Aust._ =1=:3, Tab. 6 fig. =1.= 1792.
Runde Marmorirte Süsskirsche is one of the varieties which has been
confused with Napoleon and Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, very
productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, slightly compressed; suture
shallow; stem long; cavity shallow, wide, depressed on the ventral side;
skin yellow, streaked, dotted and overlaid with red--the amount
depending on the exposure to the sun; flesh whitish-yellow, medium firm,
juicy, very sweet, sprightly, excellent; stone ovate to oval; matures
usually with Napoleon.
=Rupert.= _P. pumila × P.?_ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 435. 1901.
Mentioned in this reference as being a cross between the _Prunus
pumila_, the Sand Cherry, and a plum.
=Rupp.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 40, Pl. 3.
1895. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =187=:62. 1901.
Rupp is supposed to have originated with Solomon Rupp, York County,
Pennsylvania. It was sent to several Experiment Stations for testing by
the United States Department of Agriculture. As grown at the Michigan
and Geneva Stations it cannot be distinguished from Reine Hortense and
we are inclined to believe that the old variety has been overshadowed by
a new name.
=Russian Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 103.
1914. _Russian_ 207. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 76. 1890.
Tree upright, vigorous; fruit above medium in size, round, flattened at
the base; stem long; skin bright red; juicy; fair quality; ripens the
first of August.
=Russian Seedlings Nos. 8, 42, 49, 54, 109, 128, 169, 199.= _P.
cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:80, 81. 1903.
These seedlings were grown at the Iowa Experiment Station from selected
seeds of Russian varieties. They show every variation from a low,
compact, spreading tree to a tall, conical one, while the fruit varies
in season from early June to late July.
=Russie à Fruit Blanc.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Ryley Black Tartarian.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55.
1831.
Listed in the reference given.
=Sächsische Frühe Maikirsche.= Species? =1.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797.
Listed without a description.
=Sacramento.= Species? =1.= _Green River Nur. Cat._ 23. 1899.
This is a productive variety, resembling May Duke, found near
Sacramento, Kentucky.
=Saint-Laurent.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.
Listed without a description.
=Sansoto.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._
=130=:184, Pl. 10, Pl. 11, 185. 1911.
Sansoto is a cross from the South Dakota Experiment Station between the
Sand Cherry and the De Soto plum. In growth the tree resembles that of
the plum but the fruit in looks and flavor is more like the Sand Cherry,
Fruit is round, about three-eighths inch in diameter; skin black with a
bluish bloom, thin, free from acerbity; flesh yellowish-green,
sprightly; pit clinging.
=Sapa.= _P. pumila × P. triflora._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:Pl. 9.
1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:176, 177 Pl. 7, 178. 1911.
Sapa, a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum, was
introduced in 1908 by the South Dakota Station. Tree plum-like in habit;
fruit-buds numerous; fruit about one and three-eighths inches in
diameter; skin glossy, dark purple; flesh rich, dark purple; season
extremely early.
=Sappington.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 22. 1892-93. =2.=
Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:282. 1903.
Grown about St. Louis, Missouri, where it originated. The tree resembles
Mazzard in growth, vigor and productiveness; fruit sweet; early.
=Sauerjotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
Listed as a variety of doubtful value.
=Saure Herzkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 161. 1791.
Described as a black, Sour Cherry of the first rank, with tender flesh
and excellent juice.
=Sauvigny Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 91 fig., 92.
1860.
_Bigarreau de Sauvigny._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.
_Dure de Sauvigny._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Fruit large, elongated, obtuse-cordate, compressed more strongly upon
the side showing a suture; stem variable, usually of medium length;
cavity narrow, deep; skin glossy, dark brownish-red, mottled with
lighter red; flesh very firm, dark red, juicy; quality very good; pit
small, oval, acutely-pointed at the apex, free; ripens in late July.
=Scharlachkirsche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 669.
1797.
This variety is supposed by some to be May Duke. Usually borne in twos
and threes; fruit medium in size; stem above medium in length, slender;
suture indistinct; ripens the latter part of June.
=Schleihahn Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Press Bul._ =28=:1911.
_Bigarreau de Schleihahn._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876.
A variety of German origin, introduced into Iowa about 1892 and
described as a desirable variety for that State by the Iowa Agricultural
College. It follows Early Richmond and has a long season. Tree
productive, hardy for a sweet variety; fruit of medium size, cordate,
sides flattened; stem long, slender, set in a rather deep, wide cavity;
skin firm, glossy, surface often pitted; dots numerous, obscure; suture
often lacking; color bright deep red, becoming dark red or black; flesh
dark red, very firm, moderately juicy, sweet; good; pit above medium in
size, pointed, oval, turgid, nearly free; season at Ames, Iowa, from
June 20th to July 1st.
=Schlössers Schattenmorelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Reut. Pom. Inst.
Festschrift_ 123. 1910. =2.= _Pom. Inst. Reut._ 31. 1911-12.
Tree vigorous; fruit large, round, dark brownish-red, similar to the
Brusseler Braune but larger; sour.
=Schmehls.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.
Tree vigorous; fruit large obtuse-cordate; skin mottled with yellow and
pale red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, pleasing; ripens the middle of
July.
=Schmidt Bigarreau No. 2.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd
Ser. =3=:62. 1900.
Tree vigorous; fruit large, nearly round; skin dark red; flesh red,
firm, juicy, sweet; season late June.
=Schmidt Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Lauche _Ergänzungsband_
603. 1883.
F. Schmidt, Potsdam, Prussia, Germany, grew this variety. Tree fruitful
and succeeds in all soils; fruit large, abruptly cordate; suture
indistinct; stem medium in length; cavity wide, deep; color glossy dark
brown changing to black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone medium,
roundish; early.
=Schneeberger Kirsche.= Species? =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:52. 1910.
This is a market cherry grown about Vienna, Austria, ripening about the
middle of July and lasting for a month. Some fruits are round, others
cordate, depending on the altitude in which it is grown; stem slender;
color black; flesh moderately firm, adhering to the pit.
=Schneider Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376.
1889.
_Guigne-hâtive de Schneider._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876.
Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, cordate, truncate; skin a
brilliant brownish-black; flesh firm; of first quality; matures early in
June.
=Schneider Späte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Oberdieck
_Obst-Sort._ 370, 371. 1881. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =III=:No. 8, Pl.
1882.
Origin, Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit very
large, oval, often cordate, sides compressed; suture indistinct; stem
long, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, cherry-red changing
to dark brown, with numerous flecks; flesh firm, yellowish, sweet, with
slightly colored juice; stone elongated-ovate, large, plump; late.
=Schöne von Brügge.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376. 1889.
_Belle Brugeoise Saint-Pierre._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Listed but not described in the reference given.
=Schöne von Marienhohe.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 57 fig., 58.
1860. =2.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.
_Belle glorie de Marie._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:300. 1866.
_Belle de Marienhöhe._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 19, 187. 1876.
_Beauty of Marienhohe._ =5.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.
This old variety originated in 1836 from pits planted in the Royal
nursery of Marienhöhe near Weimar, Saxe-Weimar, Germany. Trees strong,
healthy and productive; fruit medium in size, heart-shaped, often
variable; sides plump; cavity noticeable; apex a small yellowish-brown
point in a slight depression; stem slender, green; skin thin, glossy,
reddish-black; flesh and juice dark red, tender, sweet; quality very
good; pit egg-shaped, smooth without a point, turgid; ripens the first
of July.
=Schröcks Späte Bunte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:43. 1858.
Fruit large, elongated-cordate, compressed, often uneven; suture
noticeable; stem long, slender; skin dark red, variegated; flesh firm,
vinous, sweet; stone elongated-cordate, adherent; ripens at the end of
July.
=Schwarze Forellenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 70, 7=1.=
1790. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 593, 594. 1819.
Tree productive, not large; fruit large, roundish, slightly flattened;
stem very long, set in a cavity of medium size; skin glossy, dark
brownish-black becoming almost black; flesh very red, melting, juicy,
sour; stone reddish, one-half inch long; ripens early in August.
=Schwarze Maiweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 285. 1802.
=2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:58. 1858.
_Schwarze Maikirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 498, 499,
500. 1819.
This variety differs from other Morellos in its very short stem. Tree
small, not productive; fruit usually small, roundish, flattened; suture
indistinct; stem short; color black when ripe; flesh dark red, juice
lighter, sour, becoming aromatic on hanging; stone very small, round;
ripens the middle of June.
=Schwarze Muskateller.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 67=1.= 1797.
=2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 419, 420, 42=1.= 1819.
Fruit round, somewhat flattened on one side; stem short; skin and flesh
dark red; flesh soft, juicy, mingled with a slight sourness; ripens the
latter part of July.
=Schwarze Oranienkirsche.= Species? =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 56. 1790. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 43=2.= 1819. _Schwarze Malvasierkirsche._
=3.= Ibid. 433, 434. 1819.
Fruit large, pitch-black, aromatic; from Holland.
=Schwarze Soodkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 286. 1802.
=2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 556, 557. 1819.
Branches slender, drooping; fruit of medium size, oblate, sides
flattened; stem slender; cavity shallow; suture a fine line; color
almost black; flesh tender, slightly fibrous, dark red at the stone,
juicy, pleasingly subacid; stone small, roundish; season the middle of
July.
=Schwarzbraune Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 198, 199, 200, 675. 1819.
Of German origin and first mentioned in 1797. Fruit moderately large,
uneven, flattened at the base and sides; stem slender, rather long,
deeply inserted; skin brownish-red approaching black, tough,
leather-like; flesh firm, sweet, with violet juice when ripe; ripens
early in August.
=Schwarzes Taubenherz.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
147, 148. 1819.
This variety is peculiar in that its stem is green and its fruit has a
deep suture on the compressed side; skin very dark brown; flesh tender,
soft, bitter, sweet when fully ripe but insipid; ripens early in July.
=Sebril.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:192. 1898.
Listed as a Sweet Cherry.
=Seckbacher.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 167-174.
1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 475 fig., 476. 1861.
_Späte Maikirsche._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 660. 1797.
_Seckbacher Knorpelkirsche._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:34.
1858.
_Cerise de Seckbach._ =5.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =11=:55, 56, fig. 28. 1882.
This variety probably originated in Prussia, Germany. Fruit small, round
or cordate, compressed, with a faint suture; stem long, shallowly
inserted; color glossy, black, lighter along the suture; flesh dark red,
firm, juicy, aromatic, piquant; stone large; ripens the middle of June.
=Seederberger.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 31. 1892.
Listed as a sweet variety from Virginia and said to resemble Yellow
Spanish but the fruit is larger and the tree more vigorous.
=Select Beauty.= Species? =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828.
A large, red, well-flavored cherry with a long stem; not very
productive; ripens in July.
=Shadow Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 326. 1888.
=2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:82 fig. 1903.
=Frühe Schattenmorelle.= =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:64. 1858.
_Schatten Amarelle._ =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 75. 1883. =5.= _Ia. Hort.
Soc. Rpt._ 329. 1885. =6=. _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:126. 1900.
_Shadow Morello._ =7.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1890. =8.= Lucas
_Handb. Obst._ 3rd Ed. 122. 1893.
Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa, in 1893, imported this variety from
south-central Asia. It is very similar to the Brusseler Braune and Lucas
gives it as the same. Whether or not they are identical we cannot
determine, as the variety is not grown on the Station grounds. The name
Schatten is derived from the mirror-like reflection of the glossy skin
when exposed to the sun. From the description it seems to differ from
the Brusseler Braune in being smaller in size, not so globular, nor as
dark in color, a few days earlier, and the tree is more spreading in
growth.
=Shailer.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ =55.= 1831. A
yellowish-red, hard-fleshed Heart cherry of inferior quality; ripens in
July.
=Shannon.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott Fr. Book 202, 203. 1854. =2.= Mag.
Hort. =19=:167, 168. 1853.
_Shannon Morello._ =3.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 70, 91. 1866.
_Gov. Shannon._ =4.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 33. 1873.
Shannon was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, 1829,
and described in 1849, being named after Wilson Shannon, once Governor
of Ohio. It sprung from a Morello tree standing near a Carnation cherry
tree and bears fruit of the Morello type. Tree very hardy; fruit above
medium in size, globular, flattened at the base; stem long, slender;
cavity open; flesh tender, reddish-purple, juicy, acid; pit small.
=Shelton.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Milton Cat._ 10. 1911.
Shelton is a seedling of Napoleon grown by Judge William Shelton of
Walla Walla, Washington. Tree hardy, vigorous, upright; fruit smaller
than Napoleon; skin pale yellow with a red cheek; flesh sweet, tender,
juicy; ripens two weeks before Napoleon.
=Short-stem May.= Species? =1.= _Continental Plant Cat._ 22. 1914.
Merely listed as an old, well-known, productive cherry.
=Shubianka.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 327. 1888. =2.=
_Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:83. 1903.
Shubianka is an inferior small-fruited cherry of the Vladimir family
imported from Russia in 1883 by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree
dwarf, round-topped; fruit small, round; stem long, slender; cavity
broad, shallow; skin tough, thick, deep red; flesh firm, juicy, colored,
sprightly, astringent with a bitter after-taste; stone round, rather
large; season at the end of June; worthless.
=Sibrel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Greening Bros. Cat._ 74 fig. 1899.
Sibrel is of the Morello type and originated at Bettsville, Ohio;
distinguished for its productiveness, lateness, size and quality.
=Silver Thorne.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:83. 1903.
Silver Thorne is supposed to have originated in Muscatine County, Iowa,
about sixty years ago. It resembles Early Richmond in tree and fruit but
the cherries have firmer flesh and are less acid.
=Skublics Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Sleinhaus.= Species? =1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =11=:16_2._ 1882.
Listed without a description.
=Small Black Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:112. 1832.
This cherry differs from Black Guigne in being shorter and inferior in
quality.
=Small Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thacher _Am. Orch._ 217. 1822.
A cherry from Salem County, New Jersey; the fruit has a lively acid
taste.
=Smidt Yellow.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 669. 1897.
A good, early, prolific, southern variety. Fruit medium in size, yellow,
mottled with red.
=Socsany.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 41. 1895.
Socsany was received from Hungary by the United States Department of
Agriculture in 1893 and was sent to C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon,
for testing. Fruit small, smooth, cordate; suture shallow; stem long,
slender; cavity medium in size, irregular, flaring; skin thick,
tenacious, yellow, well covered with red, with numerous, subcutaneous,
oblong dots; flesh yellowish, translucent, meaty, with whitish veins,
juicy, sweet, aromatic; stone large, oval, clinging; very good; season
the first of July.
=Soft-stone Cherry.= Species? =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:145. 1832.
_Soft Sheld._ =2.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.
_Cerise à Noyau tendre._ =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:174, 175.
1768.
Many writers mention a seedless cherry but Duhamel doubts its existence.
He does, however, describe one with a tender, ligneous pit that is
easily broken by the fingers. The fruit is round, almost an inch in
diameter and very good.
=Souths Breite Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 164. 1819. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.
A large, black, glossy Heart cherry.
=Souvenir d'Essonnes.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas. _Le Verger_ =8=:109, 110,
fig. 53. 1866-73.
This cherry was obtained by M. Courtin, a nurseryman at Essonnes,
Seine-et-Oise, France, about 1860. Fruit of medium size, oval, slightly
compressed; suture indistinct; stem medium; cavity of medium size,
regular; skin tender, mottled on a red ground; flesh whitish, tender,
sweet though sprightly; pit small, oval; ripens the middle of June.
=Spanische Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 149 fig., 150.
1860.
_Spanische Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 160. 1791.
_Schwarze Spanische Frühkirsche._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 662. 1797. =4.=
Christ _Wörterb._ 282. 1802. =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
410-413. 1819.
_Précoce d'Espagne._ =6.= Mas. _Le Verger_ =8=:73, 74, fig. 35. 1866-73.
=7.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 16, 204. 1876.
Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; suture wide,
deep, often only a line on the dorsal side; stem long, slender, inserted
in a shallow, narrow cavity; skin glossy, tough, deep red changing to
black; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, with a pleasing sourness,
brownish-red; pit elongated-oval, not plump, rather smooth; season the
middle of June.
=Spanische Frühweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 674. 1797.
=2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
500, 501, 502. 1819.
_Griotte Précoce d'Espagne._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:41, 42, fig. 19.
1866-73.
Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish,
truncate at the base; suture marked on the side most compressed; stem
long, moderately stout, inserted in a deep, narrow cavity; skin tender,
purplish-brown, changing to black, somewhat lighter near the suture;
flesh tender, juicy, dark red, with a pleasing acidity; first quality;
stone small, roundish-oval, apex pointed; season the last of June.
=Spanische Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 503 fig., 504.
1861.
_Grosse Spanische Weichsel_? =2.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797.
_Transparente d'Espagne._ =3.= Mas. _Le Verger_ =8=:101, 102, fig. 49.
1866-73.
Fruit large, oblate, compressed on the dorsal side; suture lacking; stem
rather long; cavity deep; color dark red; flesh yellowish, tender,
juicy, acidulated; stone small, nearly round; ripens from the middle to
the end of June.
=Spanish Griotte.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._
=2=:136. 1832.
Prince believed this variety to be a sub-variety of Arch Duke which it
resembles. The fruit is larger than the Arch Duke, oblong, somewhat
flattened along the sides; stem very large, of medium length; skin
brownish-red approaching black; flesh red, firm, slightly melting,
sweet; ripens at the beginning of July.
=Spätblühende Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 683.
1797.
_Weichselbaum mit gelb, weiss, und röthlich marmorirte Frucht._ =2.=
Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:7, Tab. 17 fig. 2. 1792. =3.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 477-479, 690. 1819.
Fruit of medium size; stem long, slender; color red; flesh pleasingly
subacid; ripens the middle of July; blooms very late.
=Späte Maulbeerkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 276. 1802.
=2.= _Ill. Handb._ 75 fig., 76. 1860.
_Späte Maulbeerherzkirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
135-140. 1819.
_Guigne mûre de Paris._ 4. Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:83, 207. 1866.
Tree vigorous, with a broad crown, productive; fruit variable in size,
flattened somewhat squarely; stem long, stout, straight; cavity wide,
shallow; skin tough, black, rather dull; flesh tender, reddish-black,
with abundant, colored juice, sweet with a piquant sourness; pit round;
season the last of July.
=Späte Rote Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 378.
1889.
Listed without a description.
=Späte Schwarze Forellenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._
291. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 605, 606. 1819.
This variety was found in Bernburg, Anhalt, Germany. Tree medium in
height, with branches drooping; fruit large, dark brownish-red; very
sour; stone very long; ripens in September with a few fruits remaining
until October.
=Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 43 fig.,
44. 1867.
Fruit very large, roundish, flattened, angular; suture but a line; stem
rather long; cavity shallow; skin glossy, dark red, becoming black,
streaked; flesh dark red, firm, sweet, aromatic, with a slight
bitterness; stone oval; ripens in late August.
=Späte Schwarze Spanische Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._
664. 1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 152, 153. 1819.
This variety is distinguished from all others of its class by its soft,
tender stone; it differs from the Soft-stone Cherry in shape. Fruit
elongated, tapering-cordate; skin glossy, dark brown, changing to black;
flesh tender, dark red, juicy, aromatic; stone medium in size,
flattened, often abortive, with a thin covering over the kernel easily
broken by the hand; ripens in late August.
=Speckkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 665. 1797. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 287-289. 1819.
_Cerise Graisseuse._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:303. 1866.
_Cerise Lard._ =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:81, 82, fig. 41. 1882.
This cherry is sometimes mistaken for Corone. It differs from other
Bigarreaus in its variable form. Tree productive; fruit medium to
large; stem rather long, set in a shallow cavity; color dark red with
lighter red flecks; flesh firm, pale yellow, subacid; stone rather
large, nearly free; ripens the middle of July.
=Spitzens Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
160, 161, 673. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 71 fig., 72. 1860. =3.=
Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18,
199. 1876.
_Guigne noire Spitz._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:333 fig. 1877.
_Bigarreau noire de Spitz._ =6.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Spitzens Herzkirsche is a seedling found in Guben, Prussia, Germany,
about 1790. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs,
large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture shallow; stem short; cavity
shallow; skin glossy, tender, dark reddish-brown changing to black,
lighter along the suture; flesh dark red, tender, fibrous, sweet,
aromatic when fully ripe; stone of medium size, plump, oval, slightly
adherent; season late.
=Srdcovka v Skalka.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:51. 1910.
A Heart cherry found in the markets of Brünn, Moravia, Austria.
=Stanapa.= _P. pumila × P. pissardi._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._
=130=:190, 191. 1911.
Stanapa is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Prunus pissardi,
interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage.
=Standard.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.
Standard is a seedling of _Prunus pumila_, the Sand Cherry, grown by the
Experiment Station at Manitoba, Canada; fruit large, astringent.
=Starr Prolific.= Species? =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =1=:22. 1894.
Mentioned as growing on the grounds of L. Woolverton, Grimsby, Ontario,
Canada.
=Strass Early Black.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 473. 1869. =2.= _Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales_ =19=:996. 1908.
Many writers believe Strass Early Black to be Reine Hortense. Tree
vigorous, productive; fruit small, partly cordate, flattened on one
side; stem of medium length, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark red
becoming almost black; flesh reddish-pink, rather soft, sweet, with
pinkish juice; stone large.
=Strauss.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:127. 1900.
_Strauss Weichsel._ =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 328. 1885. =3.= _Can.
Exp. Farm Bul._ =17=:11. 1892.
This is not the Strauss Weichsel of Europe but one of Budd's
importations. Tree upright, hardy, round-topped, vigorous, unproductive;
fruit medium to large, truncate, flattened at both ends; cavity medium;
apex smooth; stem short, slender; flesh dark red almost black, firm,
juicy, sprightly, acid, astringent; stone small, round; season the last
of June.
=Strauss Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 502-505. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ._
_Obstkunde_ =3=:59. 1858. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 81 fig., 82. 1867.
Tree dwarfish, unproductive; fruit on a single stem but several come out
of one bud and the buds are closely set; fruit large, flattened at both
ends; apex slightly rounded; stem long, thin, straight; color
brownish-black; flesh tender, dark red, with abundant, colored juice;
quality good; ripens the middle of June.
=Striker.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 41. 1895.
Striker is a seedling of Napoleon grown by C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook,
Oregon. Fruit large, cordate; cavity wide, deep, flaring, pink; stem of
medium length, slender; suture shallow; skin thick, tender, glossy,
yellow, washed and mottled with red; dots minute, russet, elongated;
flesh yellowish, translucent, fibrous, firm, juicy, mild, sprightly;
very good; pit of medium size, oval, semi-clinging; season the last of
June to early July.
=Striped-Leaved.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:151. 1832.
_Cerasus hortensis foliis eleganter variegatis._ =2.= Miller _Gard.
Dict._ =1=:1754.
Cultivated as an ornamental.
=Stuart.= _P. avium._
Stuart originated from nursery-sown pits and was propagated by C. W.
Stuart of Newark, New York, who sent trees to this Station for testing
in 1900. Tree of medium size, vigorous, productive; fruit large, cordate
or inclined to conic, compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, slender;
cavity deep, wide, obtuse; skin thin, tender; color light red over a
yellowish background changing to dark, glossy red; flesh whitish, juicy,
tender, meaty, crisp, mild, sweet; quality good; ripens in mid-season.
=Sucrée Léon Leclerc.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 19, 206.
1876
_Guigne sucrée de Léon Leclerc._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:98.
1866. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:339, 340 fig. 1877.
_Léon Leclercs Herzkirsche._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56. 1907.
This variety originated with Léon Leclerc of Laval, Mayenne, France,
about 1853. Tree small, productive; fruit of medium size, borne in twos
or threes, cordate-ovoid; stem long, slender, inserted in a cavity of
medium size; skin deep rose-carmine; flesh whitish, semi-tender, very
sugary, aromatic; pit medium in size, elongated-oval; ripens about the
end of June.
=Summit.= _P. avium._
Summit is a seedling sent this Station by Isaiah Lower, Barberton, Ohio.
According to Mr. Lower, the tree is vigorous and bears large, dark red
cherries, very rich in juice and of a pleasing taste.
=Süsse Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:8, Tab. 20
fig. 1. 1792. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 618, 619. 1819. =3.=
_Ill. Handb._ 89 fig., 90. 1867. =4.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 356, 357.
1881.
_Späte Amarelle_ incor. =5.= Christ _Wörterb._ 294. 1802.
This variety is probably of French origin. Tree medium in height, bushy,
productive; fruit large, flattened on both ends and on one side giving
it a four-angled appearance; stem short, stout; cavity flat, shallow;
apex slightly depressed; suture short, slightly prominent; skin dark
red, thin, tough, separating readily from the pulp; flesh tender, juicy,
white, sweet; stone large, thick, round, free; season the middle of
June.
=Süsse Frühherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
154, 155, 672. 1819.
Fruit rather small, round, compressed and marked by a suture; stem long,
slender; color dark brown, becoming black; flesh tender, sweet, piquant;
stone large, adherent; season the end of June.
=Süsse Frühweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 288. 1802.
=2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 536-538. 1819. =3.= Mathieu _Nom.
Pom._ 379. 1889.
_Cerise Hâtive._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:23, 24, fig. 10. 1866-73.
This cherry should not be confused with the dark-fleshed variety,
Griotte Douce Précoce. Branches long, flexible; fruit usually borne in
twos or threes, of medium size, roundish, flattened; suture rather
distinct; stem short, set in a large cavity; skin tender, clear red
becoming darker; flesh whitish, mild; stone small, roundish; ripens
early in June.
=Süsse Maiherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 662. 1797. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 111-115. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:19. 1858.
Fruit round, medium in size; suture indistinct; skin black; flesh dark
red, piquant; stone small, plump, roundish, adherent along the suture;
season the middle of June to July.
=Süsse Spanische.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
233-235. 1819. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 206. 1876.
_Douce d'Espagne._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:21, 22, fig. 11. 1882.
This cherry was sent out by Pastor Winter of Germany in 1796 as a
seedling of White Spanish. Fruit above medium to large, cordate; sides
compressed and marked by a suture; stem rather long, slender, set in a
narrow cavity; skin dull yellow, spotted with red, often dull; flesh
whitish-yellow with a reddish tinge near the skin, tender, sweet; stone
small, broadly cordate, adherent; season late.
=Süsskirsche mit Gefurster Blüthe.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:162. 1882.
Listed without a description.
=Sweedish.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Cultivator_ N. S. =7=:270. 1850.
Sweedish is one of Professor J. P. Kirtland's varieties, possibly
identical with White Heart. Its strikingly rugose or wrinkled surface
distinguishes it from other cherries.
=Sweet Montmorency.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:284. 1842. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 193 fig. 1845.
_Allen's Sweet Montmorency._ =3.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass't_ Pt. =3=:183.
1847.
The fruit of this variety resembles Montmorency in external appearance
but it is of a sweet, delicate flavor and the growth and habit of the
tree is that of a Heart. Probably it is a hybrid between a Heart and a
Morello or Montmorency. It was raised by J. F. Allen, Salem,
Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, somewhat spreading; fruit rather small,
nearly round; suture shallow; stem short; cavity shallow; skin pale
amber in the shade, deep orange in the sun, becoming darker, and mottled
with yellow; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, high quality; stone
small, round, slightly adherent; season the last of July to August.
=Sweet Morello.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Tarascon Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 5 fig., 6. 1867.
_Guigne de Tarascon._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:59-61, fig. 4,
219. 1866. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 199. 1876. =4.= Leroy _Dict.
Pom._ =5=:336, 337 fig. 1877.
Tarascon Kirsche originated in Bouches-du-Rhône, France. Tree of medium
height, moderately vigorous; fruit rather large, usually attached by
fours, obtuse-cordate, surface irregular; suture indistinct; stem
rather slender, medium in length; cavity often shallow; skin glossy,
changing to nearly black; flesh colored, juicy, tender, sweet; ripens
late in June.
=Tardive d'Avignon.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:153,
154 fig. 39, 155. 1866. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:395, 396 fig. 1877.
This variety is grown at Avignon, Vaucluse, France. Tree vigorous,
large; fruit usually attached in pairs, of medium size, compressed at
the base, mamelon at the apex; suture indistinct; stem very long,
slender, set in a broad, shallow cavity; apex prominent; skin thin but
firm, dark glossy red, never becoming black, easily detached from the
pulp; flesh clear blood-red netted with white, tender, juicy, sweet,
with pronounced acidity; first quality; pit small, roundish, moderately
grooved; matures at the beginning of July.
=Tardive de Brederode.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:156. 1882.
Leaves and flowers described.
=Tardive Noire d'Espagne.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Tardive de Peine.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.
Listed without a description.
=Tecumseh.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 203. 1854. =2.= _Mag.
Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:65, 66, fig. 33.
1882.
Tecumseh was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland,
Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably fertilized by Black
Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Tree moderately vigorous,
spreading, hardy, productive; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate,
compressed, with a broad, shallow suture; stem long, moderately thick;
skin thin, tender, deep reddish-purple changing to purplish-black,
glossy, sometimes mottled with red; flesh reddish-purple, rather tender,
very juicy, sweet yet sprightly but not high flavored; quality good;
stone medium in size, smooth, round, slightly elongated; ripens from the
middle to the end of July.
=Temple.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 31.
1892.
Temple is a large Duke, subacid in flavor, ripening about June 10th.
Tree an upright grower.
=Terry.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 168. 1897. =2.= _Del.
Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:122. 1900. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._
=2=:283. 1903.
_Terry Early._ =4.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 21. 1910.
Terry was probably imported by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from Russia.
Tree moderately upright, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish,
flattened laterally; suture indistinct; stem medium long; cavity
shallow; skin tough, slightly astringent, deep red; flesh meaty,
subacid, colored; stone small, roundish; ripens the middle of June.
=Thirty Day.= Species? =1.= _Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 9. 1890.
Thirty Day is said to ripen thirty days from the time of blossoming. It
was grown by a Mr. Irwin of Fairfield County, Ohio; fruit large and of
excellent quality.
=Thompson.= _P. avium._ =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 290. 1889.
Thompson is a seedling of Black Tartarian, which it closely resembles,
from Napa County, California. Tree hardier and the fruit firmer than
Black Tartarian.
=Thränen Muskatellerkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 683.
1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 174-177. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl
_Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:35. 1858.
_Bigarreautier à rameaux pendants._ =4.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:85, 86,
Pl. 1856. =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:233 fig., 234. 1877.
_Muscat des Larmes._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.
This old variety is said to have been introduced into Germany and France
from the Island of Minorca in the Mediterranean. The branches very soon
take on a drooping habit whence its name; leaves long and narrow,
peach-like; fruit large, often borne in pairs, flattened at the stem as
well as at the sides, marked by a suture; skin dark brownish-red; flesh
dark red, firm, juicy; excellent; stone plump, oval; ripens the middle
of July.
=Tilgner Rothe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 254, 255. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:27.
1858. =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 103 fig., 104. 1860.
_Guigne de Tilgener._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.
_Bigarreau rouge de Tilgener_? =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
This variety is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree large,
productive; fruit above medium in size, cordate; suture shallow; stem
medium to above in length, rather deeply inserted; color yellowish,
spotted and streaked with red often becoming wholly red; flesh pale
white, juicy, tender, sweet, aromatic; quality very good; stone oval,
acutely pointed, plump, grooved; ripens at the end of June.
=Tilgner Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 33
fig., 34. 1867. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 380. 1889.
_Bigarreau noir de Tilgner._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:230 fig. 1877.
Another seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, originating about 1852.
Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit usually borne in threes, very
large, obtuse-cordate, often pointed, compressed; suture indistinct;
stem short, stout, set in a deep, rather wide cavity; skin moderately
tender, glossy, black when ripe; flesh rather tender, dark red,
aromatic, pleasing; stone of medium size, oval; season late.
=Tobacco-Leaved.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:122, 123.
1832.
_Ounce._ 2. Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 571. 1629.
_Cerise à Feuilles bigarrées._ 3. Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35. 1771.
_Four to the Pound._ 4. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 267-277. 1819.
=5.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 49. 1831.
_Ächte (sein sollende) Kirsche Vier auf ein Pfund._ =6.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 283, 284, 679. 1819.
_Bigarreautier à grandes feuilles._ =7.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=: No.
10, Pl. 1846.
_Gross blättrige Molkenkirsche._ =8.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:31.
1858.
_Bigarreau à Feuilles de Tabac._ =9.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:201 fig.,
202, 203, 204. 1877.
The foliage is an object of curiosity in this variety, the leaves often
measuring a foot in length and from five to eight inches in width. The
fruits are rather below medium in size. The young shoots present a much
undulated appearance. The variety is evidently of English origin, being
mentioned in 1629, by Parkinson. Fruit below medium in size,
heart-shaped; stem long, slender; skin tender, glossy, yellow
overspread with red; flesh firm, transparent, juicy, rich, sweet; stone
of medium size, ovate; ripens early in August.
=Toctonne Précoce.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:156. 1882.
The fruit is not described.
=Tokeya.= _P. pumila × P. simonii._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:Pl.
4. 1908. =2.= _Ibid._ =130=:188 Pl. 13, 189. 1911.
Tokeya is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Simon plum and was
introduced as South Dakota No. 7 by the South Dakota Station. The early
fruiting and the dwarfing habit of the Sand Cherries are very evident;
fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter, flat, dark red; flesh
green, sprightly subacid, intermediate between that of the two parents;
of good quality; pit very small.
=Tomato.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 92. 1866.
_Pomme-d'Amour._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 203. 1876.
_Love Apple._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 163. 1881.
Tomato is a Duke cherry of Spanish origin. Fruit large, roundish-oblate,
often depressed or tomato-shaped; suture shallow; apex a dot; stem long,
slender, set in a large, broad, moderately deep cavity; skin yellowish,
shaded with red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid;
quality very good; ripens early in July.
=Toronto.= Species? =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 22. 1892-93. =2.=
_Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales_ =19=:998. 1908.
Tree upright, fairly vigorous, productive; fruit borne in twos and
threes, small, cordate, flattened on the sides, dark red; flesh and
juice dark red, soft.
=Toupie.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:270. 1854. =2.= Mas _Pom.
Gen._ =11=:17, 18, fig. 9. 1882.
_Kreiselkirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 25 fig., 26. 1867.
_Bigarreau Toupie._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:246, 247 fig. 1877.
A peculiar top-shaped fruit raised by M. Denis Henrard of the University
of Liege, Belgium. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit large,
elongated, pointed-cordate, sides slightly compressed; suture
indistinct; stem moderately long, slender, often curved, inserted in a
narrow, shallow cavity; skin pale red becoming darker; flesh
half-tender, juicy, dark red where exposed, sweet, acidulated; pit
large, oval, tapering toward the apex, plump; ripens at the last of
June.
=Townsend.= _P. cerasus._
Townsend is a strong, vigorous, productive cherry grown by W. P.
Townsend, Lockport, New York. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a high
shoulder, compressed; suture distinct; stem long, rather slender, set in
a broad, somewhat deep cavity; skin light amber, mottled and shaded with
carmine; flesh almost tender, juicy, sprightly, refreshing; pit small;
ripens late in June.
=Transparent.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 92. 1866.
Transparent was grown by M. De Jonghe of Brussels, Belgium, from seed of
Montmorency. Fruit above medium in size, oblate, with a faint suture
which is distinctly marked at the apex; skin pale red, thin,
transparent, showing the fibrous flesh beneath; flesh tender, melting,
sweet, delicious.
=Transparent Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 43.
1803. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:119. 1832. =3=. Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 177. 1845.
_Jahns Durchsichtige._ =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 143 fig., 144. 1860.
_Transparent de Jahn._ =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:65, 66, fig. 31.
1866-73.
This is a European cherry formerly grown to some extent in America. Tree
moderately vigorous, erect at first; fruit small, borne in pairs,
regular, oval-cordate; stem rather long, inserted in a narrow cavity;
suture a wide, dark line; skin thin, glossy, pellucid, showing the
stone, yellowish-white, blotched with fine red; flesh yellowish-white,
with a reddish cast, tender, juicy, aromatic; stone medium in size,
oval, free; ripens late in June.
=Transparente de Meylan.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28.
1876.
Fruit large, round, transparent; flesh delicate, fine, acid at first
becoming sugary; ripens at the end of May.
=Transparente de Rivers.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 17, 207.
1876.
This is an English variety introduced into France about 1865. Fruit
large, spherical, depressed, with a spotted rose-carmine color; flesh
firm, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; ripens early in
July.
=Transparente de Siebenfreund.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28.
1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 11. 1895.
A large, beautiful cherry ripening the last of June from M.
Siebenfreund, a druggist at Tyrnau, northwestern Hungary.
=Triomphe de Fausin.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Troprichters Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 206, 676, 677. 1819.
_Guigne Troprichtz._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:340, 341 fig. 1877.
An old German variety. Fruit large, roundish-oval; skin clear red
becoming more intense; flesh juicy, sweet, aromatic; of good quality;
ripens early in June.
=Truchsess Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._
380. 1889.
Listed but not described.
=Tubbs.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:86. 1903.
Tubbs originated in Iowa City, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, oblate,
slightly cordate; stem long, rather stout, inserted in a deep, narrow
opening; suture very indistinct; apex convex; skin thick, dark red;
flesh colored, crisp, meaty, slightly acid, juicy; quality very good;
stone small, round; ripens late in June.
=Türkine.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 667. 1797. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 265-267. 1819. 3. _Ill. Handb._ 109 fig.,
110. 1860.
Christ once labeled the Flamentiner, Türkine, which has given rise to
some confusion. The true Türkine was sent out by Sello as Runde Weisse
Späte Kirsche. Tree not very vigorous or productive; fruit of medium
size, very broad, cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity
variable; skin spotted with red and yellow; flesh softer than most
Hearts, white, juicy; quality very good; stone plump, roundish; ripens
late in July.
=Turkirsche Grosse.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 11. 1895.
A German variety which resembles Elton; fruit large, pointed; flesh
white, sweet; first quality; ripens throughout July.
=Turner Late.= Species? =1=. Van Lindley _Cat._ 37. 1899.
A productive black cherry of medium size ripening the middle of June.
=Twyford.= Species? =1.= _Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales_ =19=:997. 1908.
Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit borne singly and in
pairs, above medium in size, roundish-cordate, flattened; stem slender,
long; skin yellow, mottled with bright, light red; flesh rather firm,
whitish, tinged red near the skin, with clear juice; good; ripens in New
South Wales in November.
=Uhlhorns Trauerkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28.
1876.
Thomas states that this is a weeping cherry from Germany; fruit large
and very good.
=Ungarische Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:61. 1858.
_Schwarze Ungarische Kirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 284. 1802. =3.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 588, 589. 1819.
This cherry should not be confused with the Grosse Ungarische Kirsche
which is a Heart while this is a Morello. Fruit large, round,
compressed; suture indistinct; stem slender, long, shallowly inserted;
color black; flesh firm, tender, subacid, with dark red juice; pit
small, elongated-oval; ripens the middle of July.