dark purple, firm, rich, sweet; excellent; season the last of June and
the first of July.
=Early Eugene.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 437. 1898.
Reported by H. L. McGee, Villa Ridge, Illinois, as being a hardy and
productive variety.
=Early May.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =12=:375. 1861. =2.=
_Trans. Ill. Agr. Soc._ =5=:199. 1861-64. =3.= _Am. Jour. Hort._
=1=:123. 1867. =4.= _Ibid._ =3=:18-22. 1868. =5.= _Am. Hort. An._ 84.
1869. =6.= _Country Gent._ =39=:118. 1874.
This variety originated a generation or more ago in Virginia and was
known there and in neighboring states as Early May. Later, it became
widely disseminated in the Middle West where it was often confused with
Early Richmond, Late Kentish and Montmorency. Early May should not be
confused with a European cherry of the same name formerly grown upon the
continent but now seldom seen. The fruit of the American sort is much
like Early Richmond though of inferior quality and is now probably
wholly replaced by the latter variety.
=Early Prolific.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 193, 194. 1854.
Early Prolific was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1842. Tree healthy, vigorous, upright, slightly spreading; fruit
large, round, obtuse-cordate; suture distinct; stem variable; skin
bright carmine-red mottled on a light amber-yellow ground; flesh rather
tender, firm, juicy, rich, sweet; very productive; season early June.
=Early Red Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:130.
1832. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 81, 94. 1866. =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._
23. 1876.
=Bigarreau Rouge de Guben.= =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:242 fig., 243.
1877.
This variety originated about 1845, from seed in the garden of the
Pomological Society, at Guben, Prussia, Germany. The Russians, who were
growing it in 1858, sent the variety from Crimea to M. Eugène Glady, who
in turn gave cions of it to Leroy. Tree moderately vigorous, productive;
fruit usually attached in pairs; above medium to large, obtuse-cordate,
more or less irregular, compressed; suture indistinct; stem long,
slender, inserted in a deep cavity; skin thick, dark red changing to
reddish-brown; flesh dark colored, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet,
pleasant; quality excellent; stone rather large, ovate; ripens the last
of June.
=Early Red Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23. 1876. =2.=
_Guide Prat._ 17. 1895. =3.= Rivers _Cat._ 18. 1898-99.
This cherry, of unknown origin, was propagated by Thomas Rivers of
Sawbridgeworth, England. It is thought by some to be Elton. Fruit large,
pale red; flesh very tender, rich and good; ripens in early June.
=Early Red and Yellow.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:282. 1842.
This variety was raised by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts, from
the seed of a white Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate;
light red on a yellow ground; sweet, juicy; good; ripe the last of June.
=Early Rivers.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 5 fig., 6. 1872. =2.=
Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28, 204. 1876. =3.= _Flor. & Pom._ 117. 1878. =4.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 162. 1881. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 296.
1884.
_Guigne Early Rivers._ =6.= _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 104 fig., 105.
1904.
Early Rivers is a seedling of Early Purple raised by Thomas Rivers,
Sawbridgeworth, England; first fruited in 1869. Tree large, vigorous,
upright-spreading, hardy, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate,
somewhat uneven and indented on the surface; stem long, rather slender;
skin thin, deep red changing to glossy black; flesh reddish, juicy, very
tender, rich, sweet; very good in quality; stone very small, elongated;
season early.
=Early York.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 666. 1897.
Fruit medium in size; flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, subacid.
=Ebenter Cherry.= Species? =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 111. 1879. =2.= Mathieu
_Nom. Pom._ 347. 1889.
This cherry is said to be cultivated on the shores of Lake Constance,
Germany, notably at Lindau and Tettnang, and is distinguished for its
firm flesh, large size and small stone. Ripens after all other table
cherries.
=Edouard Seneclause.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Not described.
=Elfner Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 347. 1889.
Listed by Mathieu.
=Elizabeth.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 207. 1854. =2.= Mas
_Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Elizabeth is a seedling from Caleb Atwater, Portage County, Ohio, 1823.
Tree vigorous, upright, prolific; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped,
flattened on the sides; stem of medium length, set in a regular cavity;
skin rich, dark red; flesh yellowish, slightly tinged with red, rather
tender, juicy, pleasantly sweet; pit roundish-ovate; season the middle
of June.
=Emperor Francis.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:111, 112, fig.
56. 1882. =2.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 42. 1904. =3.= _Jour. Roy.
Hort. Soc._ =30=:133. 1906.
_Bigarreau Empereur-Francois._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 16. 1876.
_Kaiser Franz Josef._ =5.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56. 1907. =6.= _Reut.
Pom. Inst. Festschrift_ 122. 1910.
The origin of Emperor Francis is not given in any of the references
though the variety seems to be quite well known in both France and
England. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; stem
rather short; cavity medium in size; skin marbled with red on a
yellowish-white ground; flesh firm, crisp, sweet, high flavored; stone
small, bluntly pointed; ripens rather late.
=English Amber.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 207, 208. 1854.
Probably this is an old variety known under some other name. Tree
vigorous, strong in growth, very productive; fruit of medium size,
roundish-cordate, regular; stem long; skin delicate amber, mottled with
pale red; flesh whitish-yellow, half-tender, delicate, juicy, very
sweet; pit of medium size; ripens the last of June.
=English Bearer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Brookshaw _Pom. Brit_ Pl. 9. 1817.
=2.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =2=:131, Pl. 71 fig. 3. 1823.
_English Preserve._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 49. 1831.
This variety is grown in Kent, England, where it is known as English
Preserver. It is distinguished from the Kentish only by its larger size
and the dark, irregular spots under the skin. Ripens early in July.
=English Gaskin.= Species? =1.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 309. 1854.
An almost worthless sort mentioned in the reference given.
=Englische Weinkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 284. 1819.
Fruit large, roundish; stem long; skin tender, ground-color milky-white,
crimson where exposed, on maturity the white changes to yellowish;
juicy, vinous, aromatic; ripens in July.
=Englische Weisse Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:27. 1858.
_Englische weisse ganz frühe Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Handb._ 683.
1797. =3.= Christ _Wörterb._ 280. 1802. =4.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 251, 252, 253. 1819.
Possibly this is the same as the White Heart of England. It is without a
doubt a separate variety from the Guignier à gros fruit blanc of
Duhamel. Fruit above medium in size, elongated-cordate; stem very long,
slender, set in a deep cavity; suture a line, skin yellowish-white,
tinged with red in the sun, uneven, glossy, transparent; flesh white,
not very tender, juicy, sweet; quality good; stone of medium size,
cordate, acute; ripens at the end of June.
=Enopa.= _P. pumila × P. triflora._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:1908.
=2.= _Ibid._ =130=:178 Pl. 8. 1911.
Enopa, a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum, was sent
out in 1908 by the South Dakota Station. Fruit one and one-sixteenths
inches in diameter, round, with a minute prickle at the apex; skin thin,
free from acerbity, dark red, with blue bloom; flesh green.
=Episcopale.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25, 193. 1876.
=2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:265 fig. 1877.
This variety, according to Leroy, was found in the vicinity of Paris and
was introduced by M. Jamin-Durand, Bourg-la-Reine, in 1846. The tree is
distinguished from that of Montmorency in being more erect, less dense,
less productive; the fruit is more acid and later in ripening.
=Eppers Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:67.
1858.
Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval, flattened at the base,
brownish-red, with a deep suture; flesh clear red, juicy, strongly
subacid; pit elongated; ripens in September.
=Erfurter Augustkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 159.
1791. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 550-554. 1819.
_D'Aout Erfurt._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:89, 90, fig. 45. 1882.
_Délices d'Erfurt._ =4.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
_Erfurt Delicious._ =5.= _Gard. Chron._ =19=:429. 1896.
_Hochgenuss Von Erfurt._ =6.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.
This cherry is well known in and about Thuringia forest, Germany, where
it is propagated by suckers and is valued for its lateness. Tree
vigorous; fruit above medium in size, roundish-cordate, flattened; stem
of medium length, set in a noticeable cavity; suture indistinct; skin
tender, glossy, brownish-red changing to purplish-black; flesh tender,
reddish, juicy, sugary, acidulated; stone free, small, pea-shaped;
ripens the last of July.
=Etopa.= _P. pumila × P. triflora._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:1908.
=2.= _Ibid._ =130=:179. 1911.
Etopa is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum. Said to
be excellent in quality and remarkable for its intense black, purplish
color of skin, flesh and juice; skin thin, free from acerbity; ripens
there about September twelfth.
=Eugène Furst.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 18. 1895.
_Fürst's Herzkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:23. 1858.
Fruit above medium in size, elongated-cordate; stem of medium length,
slender; skin black; flesh red, sugary, acidulated; matures the last of
June to July. Said to be similar to May Duke.
=Everbearing.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Okla. Sta. Bul._ =2=:13. 1892. =2.=
Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:276. 1903.
Fruit large, roundish-oblate, somewhat compressed; stem long, inserted
in a broad, shallow cavity; skin dull red to dark red when ripe; flesh
quite tender, juicy, mildly acid; quality good.
=Excellente Douce Tardive.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:101,
102, Pl. 1854.
This cherry was produced from seed, in France in 1839. Tree vigorous,
productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, flattened at the ends;
stem long, stout, inserted in a deep, wide cavity; skin thin, glossy,
deep red mottled with clear red changing to reddish-black, often
yellowish-amber in the shade; flesh yellowish, melting, sugary, slightly
acidulated; quality very good; pit small, yellowish, roundish, apex
pointed; ripens in August.
=Eyami.= _P. pumila X P. triflora._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=:1908.
=2.= _Ibid._ =130=:179. 1911.
Eyami is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum and was
sent out by the South Dakota Station in 1908. Fruit one and
three-sixteenths by one and five-sixteenths inches in size, round; skin
thin, dark red, semi-transparent; flesh green, pleasant; pit large.
=Ezaptan.= _P. pumila X P. triflora._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =130=:180
Pl. 9, 181. 1911.
Ezaptan, a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum, was
introduced in 1911 by the South Dakota Station. It is remarkable for its
early and heavy bearing; skin thin, free from acerbity, dark purple;
flesh black purplish-red to the pit.
=Faversham Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 49. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Favorite.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 207 fig. 1854.
_Elliott's Favorite._ =2.= _Horticulturist_ =2=:124. 1847-48. =3.=
Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 361. 1849. =4.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168.
1853.
Favorite is one of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries originating in
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed
with Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. The tree resembles
American Heart while the fruit is similar to Choisy in flavor and
texture but larger. Tree vigorous, half-spreading, productive; fruit
medium in size, round, regular, slightly compressed; stem long, set in
an even and regular cavity; skin pale amber-yellow, with a bright,
marbled, carmine-red cheek; flesh pale amber, translucent, tender,
delicate, juicy, with a sweet, fine flavor; pit small, angular, smooth.
=Festfleischige Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._
35 fig., 36. 1867.
_Grosse dunkel braunrothe Kramelkirsche._ =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:3,
Tab. 7 fig. 1. 1792.
_Grosse schwarze Knorpelkirsche mit festem Fleisch._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 193-195. 1819.
_Bigarreau-noir à chair très-ferme._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 189.
1876.
This cherry has the hardest flesh of all the black, hard-fleshed
cherries, differing from the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche in its
firmer flesh. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large, plump,
truncate at the apex, sides compressed; suture not prominent; stem
stout, long, set in a variable cavity; skin tough, almost black at
maturity; flesh very firm, juicy, colored, very sweet, although with a
mixture of sourness; stone small, turgid, cordate, sides compressed,
clinging; ripens late.
=Flagg.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Cult. & Count. Gent._ =41=:502. 1876. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 164. 1881.
Flagg was introduced by its originator, D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, as
Wier's Early Kentish, a selected seedling of Early Richmond, hardier and
ten days earlier. Tree slender, short-jointed, regularly conical,
moderate in growth; at its best in high, dry, airy situations, with
light soil; fruit medium in size, heart-shaped; skin black, firm; flesh
tender, purplish-red, juicy, changing from a rich subacid to a very
sweet, rich flavor; pit small; adapted to kitchen and table use.
=Flamentine.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 211-215.
1819. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:137, 138, fig. 67. 1866-73.
_Bigarreautier à petit fruit hâtif._ =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._
=1=:165, 166. 1768.
_Bigarreau à petit fruit blanc._ =4.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.
_Early Guigne._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:111, 112. 1832.
_Early White Bigarreau._ =6.= _Ibid._ =2=:129. 1832.
_Petite Bigarreau hâtif._ =7.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:130, 131.
1866.
_Bigarreau Blanc_ (Petit). =8.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:182 fig., 183.
1877.
_Türkine_? =9.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_ 121. 1910.
This cherry probably originated more than a century ago in the vicinity
of Angers, France. Names of wholly distinct varieties have sometimes
been attached to it causing much confusion in the nomenclature. Tree
strong, vigorous, productive; fruit usually in threes, above medium in
size, obtuse-cordate, flattened at the base, compressed; suture often a
line; stem long, almost stout, inserted in a deep, narrow cavity; skin
thin, glossy, whitish-yellow, mottled with dark red; flesh
yellowish-white, transparent, rather firm, juicy, aromatic, sugary;
first quality; stone small, oval; ripens the middle of June.
=Flemish Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.
A small, red, obtuse-cordate fruit of fair quality and tender flesh,
ripening early in July.
=Fleurs Doubles.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:174.
1768. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 49. 1831.
_Great rose._ =3.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 402, 574. 1629.
_Double Floured Cherry._ =4.= Gerarde _Herball_ 1505 fig. 8. 1636.
_Bloem-kers double._ =5.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35, 38. 1771.
_Weichselbaum mit sehr gross gefüllter Blüthe._ =6.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._
=1=:5, Tab. 11 fig. 1. 1792.
_Glaskirsche mit dickgefüllter Blüthe._ =7.= Christ _Handb._ 680. 1797.
_Amarellenbaum mit ganz gefüllter Blüte._ =8.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 640-644. 1819.
_Small Double Flowering._ =9.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 31. 1828.
_Dwarf Double Flowering._ =10.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:151, 152. 1832.
_Gefülltblühende Amarelle._ =11.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:68.
1858.
The tree of this variety, unlike many other double-flowering sorts,
attains but moderate size, in many cases is but a bush or shrub. The
blossoms are exceedingly double, very showy, with a slight tinge of pink
on opening, the blooming season extending over three or four weeks.
Frequently the blossoms have small leaflets intermingled with the
petals, while often a smaller flower appears to rise out of the center
of another. The trees very seldom, if ever, bear. Truchsess reports
having fruited it twice in ten years. The early English writers make
brief mention of several double-flowering sorts which have been included
under this variety.
=Fleurs Semi-doubles.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._
=1=:173, Pl. V. 1768. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 49. 1831.
_Lesser rose._ =3.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 402, 574. 1629.
_Red-flowered._ =4.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 1538. 1688.
_Bloem-kers double._ =5.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35, 38. 1771.
_Gefüllter Kirschbaume._ =6.= Krünitz _Enc._ 43, 44. 1790.
_Weichsel mit halbgefüllter Blüthe._ =7.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:9, Tab.
21 fig. 1. 1792.
_Glaskirsche mit halbgefüllter Blüthe._ =8.= Christ _Handb._ 680. 1797.
_Gedoppelte Amarelle mit halbgefüllter Blüte._ =9.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 646-649. 1819.
_Halbgefülltblühende Amarelle._ =10.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:68.
1858.
_Amarelle mit halbgefüllter Blüthe._ =11.= _Ill. Handb._ 93 fig., 94.
1867.
The home of this cherry is not known, it having been greatly confused
with other double-flowering sorts. The flowers have a double row of from
fifteen to twenty petals and often have two pistils, especially on the
older trees. These generally bear twin-fruits though often the pistils
are changed into small, green leaves, in which case the flowers are
neither large nor attractive. The tree is of the Amarelle type, small,
blooming profusely; fruit moderately round, compressed on one side with
a shallow suture; stem long, stout; cavity wide; skin clear red,
becoming darker and flecked with brown; flesh whitish, tender, juicy,
sweet, pleasing, subacid at first; stone oval, bluntly pointed, often
small and round, free when fully ripe; ripens the middle of July.
=Florianer Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:34.
1858.
A productive seedling Bigarreau of medium size, elongated, angular; stem
short, stout; skin black; flesh sweet, aromatic; second quality; ripens
at the end of June.
=Folgerkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 283. 1802. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 415-419. 1819.
_Holländische Folgerkirsche_ incor. =3.= Christ _Handb._ 673. 1797.
_Cerise de Folger._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:158, 209. 1866.
A few authors describe this cherry as Volgers; the Volger described by
Knoop in 1771, however, is a distinct variety. Duhamel's variety,
Cerise-Guigne, is possibly the same. Fruit large, roundish, truncate at
the base, in unfavorable seasons the apex and sides are strongly
compressed, with a noticeable suture; stem stout, long, set in a wide
cavity; skin deep reddish-purple, glossy, tender; flesh delicate, sweet
with a piquant taste; stone small, turgid, roundish-oval.
=Folgers Swolfe.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 292. 1802.
According to Christ, Salzman says that in Holland several Sour Cherries
were known as Folgers. This is a large, black, pleasant subacid fruit
with a very characteristic growth.
=Fouche Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Gard._ =9=:264. 1888. =2.=
_Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:75. 1903.
This variety is said to have been imported by Professor J. L. Budd,
Ames, Iowa, from Riga, Russia, where it was found planted along walks
and drives. Tree rather small; fruit small, roundish-oblate; cavity
shallow, broad; stem slender, rather long; suture a line; skin thin,
rather tough, dark red changing to crimson; flesh firm, breaking, juicy,
colored, sprightly subacid; quality fair; stone nearly round, of medium
size; ripens early in July.
=Frauendorfer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:125. 1900.
_Frauendorfer Weichsel._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 513 fig., 514. 1861. =3.=
_Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 103. 1886-87.
_Griotte de Frauendorf._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22, 194. 1876.
This variety was imported into this country by Professor J. L. Budd in
1883 from North Silesia. The Montreal Horticultural Society believes two
forms exist, one from North Silesia being perfectly hardy while another
from Metz, Germany, is far less so. Tree productive; branches drooping;
fruit above medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture shallow; stem long;
cavity small; skin thin, glossy, dark red at maturity; flesh tender,
tinted with abundant, uncolored juice, acidulated; stone large; matures
the last of June and the first of July.
=French Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =49=:453. 1890.
Trees thrifty and tall but set fruit sparingly; fruit large, yellow with
a blush, two weeks later than Early Richmond.
=French Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =16=:99. 1891.
In the reference this cherry is listed as a Russian variety introduced
by Professor J. L. Budd. If so, it was probably under some other name,
as it seems not to be mentioned by Budd.
=Frogmore Early Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 606. 1865.
=2.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 298. 1884. =3.= _Flor. & Pom._ 148 fig. 1867.
=4.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 43. 1904.
_Frogmore Early Prolific._ =5.= Daniels Bros. _Cat._ 51. 1895.
_Frogmore Bigarreau._ =6.= _Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales._ 998. 1908.
Unlike the rest of its class, this cherry has tender flesh but is a
Bigarreau in tree-habit, leaf and in appearance of fruit, and is
therefore classified as such. The variety is a seedling raised by Thomas
Ingram of the Frogmore Royal Gardens at Windsor, Berkshire, England.
Tree bears freely in clusters; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, slightly
compressed, with a faint suture; stem long, set in a small cavity; skin
waxen, orange-yellow, with a network of red and a blush of deeper red on
the sunny side; flesh of a primrose color, very tender, translucent,
rich, sweet; stone spoon-shaped, indented on one side; season early but
short.
=Frogmore Early Crown.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 364. 1866.
Also a seedling from Mr. Ingram. It is a small, red fruit about ten days
earlier than May Duke, of a rich flavor when fully ripe.
=Frogmore Late Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 229, Pl. fig.
1. 1874. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 15. 1895.
Still another seedling raised by Ingram of the Frogmore Royal Gardens.
Fruit large, bluntly heart-shaped, hanging long without cracking; suture
slight; stem very long; skin pale, waxy-yellow, bright red on the sunny
side; flesh tender, juicy; season very late.
=Frogmore Morrelo.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Thomas Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.
_New Frogmore Morello._ =2.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:543. 1885.
This variety attracted notice on account of the perfection to which it
had been brought in the Royal Gardens at Frogmore, Berkshire, England,
where it is believed to have originated. For productiveness and size it
is said to far surpass the old Morello.
=Fromm Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 63 fig., 64. 1860. =2.=
Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:68, 69 fig., 70. 1866. =3.= Leroy _Dict.
Pom._ =5=:322, 323 fig. 1877. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.
_Fromms Schwarze Herzkirsche._ =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 164,
674. 1819. =6.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 150, 151. 1825.
Fromm Heart was obtained from seed in 1806 by Fromm, at Guben, Prussia,
Germany. In sandy soils and favorable years the trees are very
productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, above medium in size,
truncate-cordate, sides compressed; suture shallow; stem of single
fruits long, stout, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin dark
reddish-brown to glossy black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, sugary,
pleasingly acidulated, aromatic; second quality; pit medium in size,
turgid, roundish; ripens the third week of the cherry season.
=Frühe bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 222, 223, 224. 1819.
_Frühe Lange Weisse Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 278. 1802.
_Guigne panachée longue précoce._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 199.
1876.
This cherry is easily recognized by its elongated, cylindrical form and
should not be confused with several others of similar type. It was found
near Weinberge, Germany, by Büttner who sent it to Truchsess in 1797.
Fruit medium in size, cylindrical, flattened on both sides, slightly
drawn in at the apex and base; suture distinct on one side; stem long,
inserted in a shallow cavity; skin yellow, blushed and faintly splashed
with red where exposed; flesh pale yellow with a slight red tinge
underneath the skin, moderately firm, juicy, without much sweetness;
stone small, elongated, pointed at the apex; ripens early.
=Frühe Kurzstielige Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer
Obstsort._ 55. 1907.
Mentioned as a black, hard-fleshed cherry.
=Frühe Maikirsche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 391-394. 1819.
Frühe Maikirsche differs from May Duke in being darker of skin and
juice, smaller in size, sweeter, and less distinct in suture.
=Frühe Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 185 fig., 186. 1860.
=2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:306. 1866. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:47, 48 fig. 24. 1882. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 349. 1889.
An old variety of uncertain origin. Tree large, spreading; fruit often
large, roundish, flattened; suture indistinct; stem slender, shallowly
inserted; skin tender, nearly black when mature; flesh tender, juicy,
dark red, acidulated; stone round, plump; ripens the first of June in
France.
=Frühe Sauerkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._
554, 555. 1819.
This cherry is thought to be a sub-variety of Kirsche von der Natte.
Tree medium in growth; branches slender; fruit medium in size, round,
sides compressed; stem long; cavity shallow; skin tough, black; flesh
tender, dark red, juicy, sour, without a trace of sweetness; ripens the
middle of July.
=Frühe Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 277.
1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 197, 198, 674, 675. 1819.
Obtained by Büttner in 1797 who later sent it to Truchsess. Tree
productive; fruit small, roundish-cordate, compressed; suture distinct;
stem of medium length; skin glossy, reddish-black deepening to black;
flesh hard, reddish-black, juicy, sweet, with a slight bitterness; stone
ovate, rather large; ripens the first half of July.
=Frühe von der Natte.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 153
fig., 154. 1860.
_Frühe Natte aus Samen._ =2.= Christ _Handb._ 671. 1797. =3.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 413, 414, 415. 1819.
_Frühe Süssweichsel von der Natt._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:49. 1858.
_Hâtive de Nattes._ =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:158, 304. 1866.
_Natte hâtive de semis._ =6.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Christ received this cherry in 1793, as Frühe von der Natte aus Saamen.
Fruit above medium in size, cordate, flattened on one side; suture
distinct; stem long, often dividing about an inch down into two, three,
or four stems; apex depressed; skin glossy, dark brown when ripe; flesh
dark red, soft, tender, juicy, refreshing, subacid; stone medium, oval;
ripens early.
=Früher Gobet.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
619-621. 1819.
_Gobet Hâtif._ =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:125, 126, fig. 61. 1866-73.
Truchsess received this variety from Mayer as Gros Gobet which it
resembles very closely in size, form, and flavor but is much earlier and
not as flattened. Fruit of medium size, flattened; suture but a line;
stem one inch long, often shorter, straight; cavity shallow; color clear
red, becoming darker; flesh whitish with a reddish cast, tender, juicy,
pleasingly acid; stone small, round, free but hanging to the stem.
=Früheste Bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 207-210. 1819.
_Weiss und rothe grosse Herzkirsche._ =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:2,
Tab. 3 fig. 1. 1792. =3.= Christ _Wörterb._ 277. 1802.
_Frühkirsche_? =4.= Christ _Handb._ 672. 1797.
_Früheste bunte Molkenkirsche._ =5.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:26.
1858.
_Guigne panachée très-précoce._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302.
1866. =7.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:13, 14, fig. 7. 1882.
The origin of this variety is unknown although it probably originated in
Austria, as the celebrated Austrian pomologist, Kraft, was the first to
mention it. Tree vigorous and in favorable seasons productive; fruit of
medium size, obtuse-cordate, compressed, with a suture; stem medium, set
in a deep, narrow cavity; skin tender, yellowish-white, striped with
red around the base, spotted about the apex; flesh yellowish-white, with
clear juice, sweet, pleasing, deteriorates on hanging; stone small,
oval-cordate, clinging; ripens the last of May.
=Früheste der Mark.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 350. 1889. =2.=
Lucas _Handb. Obst._ 121. 1893. =3.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ 440. 1897.
Fruit medium to above, truncate-cordate; stem very long, slender, set in
a wide, deep cavity; skin purplish, glossy; flesh reddish, firm,
pleasing; ripens early.
=Fürst Schwarze Septemberkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Liegel _Syst.
Anleit._ 153. 1825.
Discovered by Liegel in Braunau, Bohemia, Austria, and named for his
friend I. E. Fürst. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, oblate; stem
very long; skin black; flesh firm, sweet, aromatic; stone large; one of
the last to ripen, September to October.
=Galusha.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 165.
1881.
This cherry is seedling No. 11 from D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois. Tree
hardy, vigorous, an abundant bearer; fruit above medium in size, light
red changing to a very dark, bright red; subacid becoming a rich sweet;
ripens three days before Early Richmond.
=Gamdale.= Species? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:498. 1862.
A cherry described by E. Manning, Harrisburg, Ohio, as of second rank in
size and quality.
=Garcine.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:75 fig., 76, 77.
1866. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24, 198. 1876.
Garcine was obtained from seed about 1808 by M. Garcine, near Grenoble,
Isère, France. It is propagated in that locality by suckers, hence it
was called by some, Aventurière. Tree pyramidal, productive; fruit
large, oblate, ends drawn in and flattened, sides convex; stem long,
inserted in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy black; flesh dark, firm,
sugary, aromatic, juicy; stone large, turgid; ripens the middle of June.
=Gardiner.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Me. Sta. An. Rpt._ =22=:175. 1906.
Gardiner is a seedling of Black Tartarian. It is frequently killed back
by severe winters in Maine.
=Gaskins.= Species? =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 298. 1884.
Gaskins is a corruption of Gascoignes. About Rye, Sussex, England, the
name is still in general use, the people believing the variety was
brought from Gascony, France.
=Gauchers Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56.
1907.
Listed in this reference.
=Geer.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 156. 1897.
Geer is a new cherry from eastern Oregon said to be later than Napoleon
and to surpass it in size and quality.
=Gelbe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 161. 1791. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 342-349. 1819.
_Grosser weisser glänzender Herzkirschbaum._ =3.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._
=1=:2, Tab. 4 fig. 1. 1792.
_Guigne Jaune._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:99, 303. 1866.
_Guigne Grosse ambrée._ =5.= _Le Bon Jard._ 345. 1882.
First mentioned in 1786 as Gelbe or Weisse Herzkirsche. It is
distinguished from Goldgelbe Herzkirsche through its cordate form,
lighter color and earlier ripening. Fruit above medium in size, borne in
twos and threes, cordate, sides compressed; suture shallow; stem long,
slender, slightly inserted; skin pale yellow, glossy, tough, adherent,
blushed with red on the sides; flesh clear, not tender, juicy,
acidulated; stone free, small, elongated-cordate; ripens in July.
=Gelbe Wachskirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
355, 685, 686. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:33. 1858.
An unproductive seedling from the North Sea, ripening later than Gelbe
Herzkirsche which it resembles. Fruit medium in size, round, flattened;
stem long; skin glossy, clear waxy-yellow, transparent; flesh yellowish,
firm, moderately sweet, without aroma; ripens from the middle to the end
of July.
=Gemeine Glaskirsche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ 1. Christ _Wörterb._
292. 1802.
This is a well-known Duke cherry in Germany. Tree large; fruit large,
almost round; skin clear, light red on a yellow ground; flesh melting,
with uncolored juice, pleasant sourness; ripens early in July and lasts
a long while.
=Genesee.= _P. avium._
A chance seedling of the Bigarreau type originating about twenty-five
years ago and recently introduced by J. A. Morgan of Scottsville, New
York. The fruit is above medium in size, cordate, compressed; cavity
shallow, wide, flaring; suture a line; apex roundish; stem slender,
long; skin medium thick, tender, adherent, dark red mottled with amber;
dots numerous, small, obscure; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, meaty,
crisp, mild, sweet; quality good; stone clinging, medium, ovate,
flattened, smooth, slightly tinged red; use late market.
=German.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:199. 1899.
_German_ (Kraus). =2.= _Ibid._ =143=:181. 1897.
German is said to have been introduced into Michigan from New York. Tree
vigorous, though not productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate; stem
long, slender, set in a broad, moderately deep cavity; color very dark
red, nearly black; flesh firm, red, sweet, slightly bitter, with dark
juice; ripens early in July.
=German Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:147. 1832.
_Griotte d'Allemagne._ =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:192, 193, Pl.
XIV. 1768. =3.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 159. 1791. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:276, 277 fig. 1877.
_Deutscher Griottier Weichselbaum._ =5.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:6, Tab.
16 fig. 2. 1792.
_Deutsche Griotte._ =6.= Christ _Handb._ 675. 1797. =7.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 569, 570, 571. 1819.
_Grosse Deutsche Belzkirsche._ =8.= _Ibid._ 421. 1819.
_Griotte de Chaux._ =9.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.
_German Duke._ =10.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 280. 1832.
_Deutsche Weichsel._ =11.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:62. 1858.
_Süssweichsel von Chaux._ =12.= _Ill. Handb._ 71 fig., 72. 1867.
_De Chaux._ =13.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 478. 1869.
_Cerise d'Allemagne._ =14.= _Le Bon Jard._ 346. 1882.
This old variety is badly confused with other cherries and its origin is
uncertain. Fruit large, roundish-oblate; stem long, slender; cavity
deep, wide; skin glossy, tough, brownish, almost black; flesh firm, dark
red, juicy, with pleasing acidity, sweet if in a dry, warm soil; stone
large, oval-pointed; ripens the middle of July; productive.
=Germersdorf.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:60.
1900.
_Bigarreau noir de Germersdorf._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22, 189.
1876.
_Germersdorfer Grosse Kirsche._ =3.= _Lauche Deut. Pom._ =III=: No. 7,
Pl. 1882.
A seedling of German origin. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit
very large, roundish-cordate; suture distinct; stem medium, set in a
deep, wide cavity; skin dark brown with dark spots and streaks; flesh
rather firm, light red, juice tinted, sweet, pleasingly acidulated;
stone of medium size, oval; ripens the fifth week of the season.
=Geschiltztblättrige Süssweichsel.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:47. 1858.
An ornamental cherry distinguished from May Duke through its smaller
fruit and laciniated leaves.
=Gestriefte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 259, 260. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:30.
1858.
Fruit cordate; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin thin,
tender, white, streaked with red, which, if allowed to remain on the
tree, becomes nearly solid red; flesh tender, soft, fibrous under the
skin, juicy, colorless, honey-sweet, refreshing; ripens in July lasting
about three weeks.
=Gewöhnliche Muskatellerkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._
672. 1797.
Fruit smaller than that of the Black or Red Muskateller, roundish, very
dark brown, almost black; flesh red, pleasant subacid; ripens at the end
of June.
=Giant.= _P. avium._ =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 8. 1914.
Giant was grown in 1900 by Luther Burbank and introduced by The Luther
Burbank Company in 1914. It is claimed by its introducer that it is the
largest cherry grown. Tree rapid in growth, with large and heavy
foliage; fruit glossy black, rich, sweet, delicious; ripens in
California about June 20th.
=Gibb.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =2=:39. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Hort.
Soc. Rpt._ 79. 1890. =3.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:17. 1910.
Gibb was imported from Orel, Central Russia, without a name. It is much
like Brusseler Braune in tree, fruit, and in habit of bearing a double
crop of blossoms and fruit, but is hardier. Fruit large,
roundish-cordate; stem stout; skin thick, tender, dark crimson changing
to purplish-red; flesh dark red, meaty; quality good; stone large,
oblong; ripens the last of July to early August.
=Gifford.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing_ Fr. Trees Am._ 270. 1857.
Fruit small, light red, roundish-cordate, very sweet; productive; season
the last of June.
=Glasherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
246-248. 1819. _Grosse Glas-Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 281.
1802.
=Glas-Molkenkirsche.= =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:30, 31. 1858.
This cherry differs from others of its class in being rounder, darker,
and later. Fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, convex on one side,
compressed on the other, with a shallow suture; stem long, slender,
shallowly inserted; skin mingled with dull red and clear white, often
streaked; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, but not high;
stone large, acutely pointed; ripens the middle of July.
=Glaskirsche von der Natte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 470-473, 689. 1819.
According to Truchsess this variety is very similar to, and often taken
for Double Natte, Frühe von der Natte, and Double Glass.
=Glasskirsche Kurzstielige.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 331.
1885.
This Sweet Cherry is supposed to have come from Vilna, Russia.
=Gloire de France.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat_. 26, 194.
1876. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom_. =5=:271, 272 fig. 1877. =3.= Downing _Fr.
Trees Am._ 3rd App. 162. 1881.
_Bonnemain_. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 9, 184. 1895.
Originated from seed by Auguste Bonnemain, Etamps, Seine-et-Oise,
France, fruiting in 1845 for the first time. On Mazzard stock the tree
never reaches full size but on Mahaleb it grows large and regular and is
more globular in form. At best it is only moderately productive. Fruit
borne in threes, medium in size, roundish-oblate, somewhat depressed;
suture broad, shallow, often indistinct; apex rather large, slightly
depressed; stem short, thick, inserted in a wide cavity; skin a
reddish-brick color, occasionally mottled with greenish-brown in the
shade and red on the sunny side; flesh pale red, grayish, transparent,
rather tender and fibrous, with abundant juice, sprightly acidulated,
agreeable; pit of medium size, roundish-oval, convex; season the first
of July.
=Golden Knob.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.
Golden Knob is a worthless, medium-sized, oval cherry ripening the
middle of July; skin yellow and flesh firm.
=Goldgelbe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
350-354. 1819.
_Kleine Ambra_, [or] _Goldgelber Herzkirschbaum_. =2.= Kraft _Pom.
Aust._ =1=:2, Tab. 4 fig. 2. 1792.
_Kleine Ambra._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 665. 1797.
Distinguished from other yellow Heart cherries by its round form, dark
yellow color, and rather firm flesh. Fruit of medium size, roundish;
suture a line; stem very long, slender, deeply inserted; skin thin,
tough, readily removed, transparent, glossy, golden-yellow; flesh
moderately tender, yellowish, with darker spots showing through the
skin, very juicy, with a pleasing sweetness when ripe; stone of medium
size, oval, slightly adherent; ripens the last of June.
=Goldsmith Black Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47.
1831.
Mentioned but not described in this reference.
=Goodspeed.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:70. 1903.
Goodspeed is of the Montmorency type ripening just after Early Richmond.
The trees are long-lived and regular bearers. Fruit of medium size,
oblate, slightly cordate; cavity deep, broad; suture shallow; stem
short, stout; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh moderately firm,
tender, with uncolored juice, slightly subacid; quality good; stone
free, of medium size, roundish-ovate.
=Gormley.= Species? =1.= _Can. Hort._ =20=:317. 1897. =2.= _Ibid_.
=21=:297. 1897.
This hardy seedling, now about twenty-five years old, was found by John
Gormley of Pickering, Canada. It resembles Montmorency in color,
English Morello in shape, and a Bigarreau in texture. Its firm,
yellowish flesh parts readily from the pit.
=Gottorper.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 289, 290,
291. 1819. =2.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 159. 1825.
_Gottorper Marmorkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:41. 1858.
_Cerise de Gottorpe._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:117-119. 1866.
Originated in the vicinity of Coburg, Germany, toward the latter part of
the Eighteenth Century. It resembles Yellow Spanish. Tree above medium
in size, very productive; fruit abruptly cordate to roundish; stem
short, slender; cavity shallow; skin tough, red, mottled with yellow;
flesh yellowish-white, not very firm, juicy, usually very sweet,
slightly aromatic; stone small, oblate, free; ripens the fourth week of
the cherry season; cracks in the rain when nearly mature; excellent for
home use.
=Gould No. X.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 211. 1896.
Reported by the Illinois Horticultural Society in 1896.
=Governor Luce.= Species? =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =143=:181. 1897.
Listed as growing at the Michigan Station.
=Grafenburger Frühkirsche.= Species? =1.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_
121. 1910.
A very productive, strong-growing cherry recommended for table and
market use; fruit large, truncate-cordate, red, early.
=Graham.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:28. 1910.
The Washington Experiment Station lists this variety as: Tree of medium
size, upright, with abundant foliage; fruit small, round; skin thin,
tender, dark red; flesh light red, juicy, rich, sweet; good; season the
last of July; productive.
=Grande Ronde.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 156. 1897.
A new, early, large, black cherry recommended in eastern Oregon; ships
well.
=Great Bearing.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rea Flora_ 205. 1676.
Fruit large, blackish-red on the outer side when ripe, blood-red within.
Ripens late, with a sharp taste; bears well.
=Great Leafed.= Species? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 571. 1629.
This is a variety with very large leaves; relatively unproductive,
bearing pale red fruit of only medium size.
=Gridley.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:123, 124. 1832.
=2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 187. 1845. =3.= _Gard. Mon._ =11=:219.
1869. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 12. 1871.
Apple. =5.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 234. 1849.
This variety was discovered by William Maccarty about the beginning of
the Nineteenth Century, growing in the garden of Deacon Samuel Gridley,
Roxbury, Massachusetts. For a good many years it was considered a
valuable cherry but later was supplanted by better sorts. Tree upright,
vigorous, very productive; fruit medium in size, roundish; stem short;
color black; flesh firm, purplish-red, medium juicy, sprightly, rather
acid at first becoming milder when fully ripe; stone small; matures in
mid-season.
=Grenner Glas.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 94. 1914.
Tree upright, vigorous, moderately productive; fruit borne in clusters,
large, oblate, one-sided; suture distinct on one side; stem long; cavity
broad, shallow; apex a small depression; skin bright red; flesh
yellowish, tender, very juicy, tart; quality good; season the middle of
July.
=Griotte Acher.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:275 fig.,
276. 1877. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:67, 68, fig. 34. 1882. =3.= _Can.
Exp. Farms Rpt._ 482. 1904.
_Griotte Double._ =4.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35, 38, 39. 1771.
_Ächer's Weichsel_. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 332. 1889.
The origin of Griotte Acher is not known but it may have sprung up by
chance in Holland a century and a half ago. Tree medium in growth,
productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, medium to large, flattened
heart-shaped with truncate sides; cavity narrow; suture distinct; stem
variable, usually long, medium thick; skin rather firm, vivid purple
shading to almost purplish-black; flesh tender, slightly stringy,
reddish-purple, medium sweet, somewhat pleasing because of a slight
tart, acid flavor, with abundant, violet juice; stone medium in size,
ovoid, truncate at the base, turgid; ripens the last of July and the
first of August.
=Griotte de Büttner.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Gard._ =9=:264. 1888.
A dwarf sort that blossoms and ripens late; much like Imperial Morello.
=Griotte Commune.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._
=2=:508. 1860. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26, 194. 1876. =3.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =5=:282 fig., 283. 1877.
_Griotte._ =4.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:187-189, Pl. XII. 1768.
=5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 431, 432. 1819.
_Griotte simple._ =6.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 39. 1771.
_Griottier Weichselbaum._ =7.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:6, Tab. 15 fig. 2.
1792.
_Common French Griotte._ =8.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:148. 1832.
_Gemeine Süssweichsel._. =9.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3:=49. 1858.
_Cerise Commune._ =10.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:146 fig., 147, 148,
220. 1866.
The origin of this variety is unknown but according to French writers it
was brought from Syria by the Crusaders about 1485. Tree large,
productive; fruit medium in size, usually borne in pairs, distinguished
from others of its class by its firm flesh, its black skin, and its
colored juice, oblate, flattened at the base; suture slight; stem long,
rather stout, set in a broad, shallow cavity; skin thin, glossy, dark
red, changing to black; flesh colored, firm, vinous, aromatic, juicy;
first quality; pit small, turgid, round; ripens the first of July.
=Griotte Douce Précoce.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35,
39. 1771. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 194. 1876. =3.= _Del. Sta. An.
Rpt._ =12=:118. 1900.
_Süsse Frühweichsel._ =4.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 170. 1825. =5.= _Ill.
Handb._ 183 fig., 184. 1860.
_Liegel's Süsse Frühweichsel_. =6.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:58.
1858.
This variety is often confused with Süsse Frühweichsel. The two are
distinct, however, in that the latter has light colored flesh while the
former is a dark fleshed sort. Tree vigorous, drooping, productive;
fruit often borne in twos or threes, of medium size, roundish,
compressed; suture shallow; stem rather slender, variable, medium to
above in length, inserted in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin dark
brownish-red changing to reddish-black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy,
subacid, becoming milder at maturity; stone small, roundish; ripens the
forepart of June.
=Griotte de Kleparow.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50.
1831. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:186 fig., 187, 221. 1866.
_Polnische grosse Weichsel._ =3.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:8, Tab. 20 fig.
2. 1792.
_Pohlnische Kirsche._ =4.= Christ _Handb._ 682. 1797.
_Polnische Weichsel._ =5.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:60. 1858.
_Kleparower Süssweichsel._ =6.= _Ill. Handb._ 69 fig., 70. 1867.
_Kleparavoska._ =7.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 75. 1883.
_Griotte Kleparite._ =8.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:277. 1903.
=9.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:71 fig. 1903.
Budd found this variety very hardy about Galicia, Austria, and Warsaw,
Russia, and imported it for central and southern Iowa. It is grown from
seed in the forests of Poland. The Griotte Kleparite of Budd-Hansen is
probably the same variety. Tree strong in growth, large, productive;
fruit of medium size, generally attached in pairs, roundish-cordate,
sides often compressed; suture shallow, often a line; stem long,
slender, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin tough, clinging to the flesh,
glossy, dark brownish-red, deep black when ripe; flesh tender, fibrous,
lightly colored, juicy, acid, although sugary, aromatic; quality fair;
pit small, turgid, almost spherical; ripens the last of July.
=Griotte Lodigiana.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:290, 291
fig. 1877.
Introduced into France from Florence, Italy, by Leroy about 1864. Fruit
of medium size, globular, compressed at the ends; stem of medium length,
inserted in a wide cavity; apex depressed; skin deep red; flesh pale
yellow, tender, slightly fibrous, juicy, very sugary, slightly
acidulated; second quality; stone of medium size, round, turgid; ripens
the last of June.
=Griotte Noire.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26. 1876.
Listed as a large, blackish-red, acidulated fruit, ripening in July.
=Griotte Noire de Piémont.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:294, 295 fig. 1877.
_Griotte à gros fruit noir de Piémont._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26.
1876.
This variety, probably from Piedmont, Italy, was received by Leroy in
1864. Fruit generally borne in pairs, above medium in size, globular,
compressed at the ends; suture indistinct; stem long, set in a deep
cavity; skin uniformly blackish-red; flesh tender, reddish, very juicy,
acidulated, slightly sweet; quality fair; stone of medium size,
roundish-oval, swollen; ripens the middle of June.
=Griotte du Nord Améliorée.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27.
1876.
Mentioned as possibly larger and better than Griotte du Nord.
=Griotte à Petit Fruit.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50.
1831.
Listed in the reference given.
=Griotte Précoce.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 329. 1885.
=2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:277. 1903.
According to the first reference, this variety was brought into Spain
from Central Asia and was known in parts of Europe as "Early Spanish."
It was imported to America from Russia. Tree hardy; fruit large,
flattened; suture distinct; stem medium in size, curved, set in a deep
cavity; skin bright, glossy red; flesh soft, breaking, uncolored;
quality very good; ripens the middle of June.
=Griotte Rouge de Piémont.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:303 fig., 304, 385. 1877.
_Griotte à gros fruit rouge de Piémont._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26.
1876.
According to Leroy, it is not at all improbable that this cherry is the
one spoken of by Pliny under the name, "Apronian." Fruit attached in
pairs, above medium in size, globular, compressed at the ends; suture
indistinct; stem short, stout, set in a small cavity; skin lively red;
flesh whitish, tender, juicy, acidulated, somewhat bitter yet sugary;
second quality; stone of medium size, roundish-oval, swollen; ripens the
last of June.
=Griotte de Schaarbeck.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 353. 1889.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Griotte Tardive d'Annecy.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160.
1882.
Listed in this reference.
=Griotte Tardive de Plombières= _P. avium._ =1.= Rev. Hort. 503. 1888.
This variety is recommended because of its lateness but it remains a
local variety, little known outside of Plombières, Vosges, France, where
it was found. Fruit oval-cordate, elongated at the apex; skin glossy,
brownish at complete maturity; flesh firm, adherent to the stone,
whitish-gray, very sweet, agreeable; pit cordate; ripens the last of
August, remaining on the tree during September.
=Griotte de Toscane.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:304, 305
fig., 396. 1877.
Leroy brought this cherry from Florence, Italy, to France about 1864.
Fruit globular, more or less compressed at the ends; suture very
shallow; stem long, set in a pronounced cavity; skin intense red
changing to blackish; flesh of a garnet color, tender, juicy, sugary,
slightly bitter; second quality; stone of medium size, round, turgid;
ripens in early July.
=Griotte de Turquie.= _P. avium X P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc.
Cat._ 51. 1831.
Fruit large, round, red; flesh tender, ripens early in July. Similar to
Choisy.
=Griottier à Feuilles Cucullées.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:267, 286 fig., 287. 1877.
_Cerisier cuculle_? =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Originated at Tours, Inde-et-Loire, France. Its only point of merit is
in its cucullated foliage. Fruit small, globular, compressed at the
ends; suture imperceptible; stem short; cavity variable; skin almost
clear red; flesh tender, light rose-colored, juicy, acidulated, mildly
sweet; quality hardly fair; pit very small, round, more or less swollen;
ripens at the end of June.
=Griottier à Fruit Aigre.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp.
Jard._ =2=:508. 1860.
Tree of medium size, rather vigorous; fruit small, oval-roundish,
blackish; flesh tender, juicy; mediocre quality; ripens in September and
October in France.
=Griottier à Longues Feuilles.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:291, 292 fig. 1877.
Leroy grew this cherry as early as 1845 but did not know its origin.
Fruit above medium in size, globular, slightly compressed at the ends;
stem very short, inserted in a pronounced cavity; skin deep red, with
gray dots; flesh tender, fibrous, yellowish-white, juicy, acidulated,
slightly sweet, agreeable; second quality; stone of medium size,
roundish-oval, turgid; ripens the first of July.
=Groll Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._
354. 1889.
Listed in the reference given.
=Gros Bigarreau Rond.= P. _avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:114,
208. 1866.
Fruit large, even, roundish, though often larger and less flattened than
Bigarreau d'Italie; stem medium in length; color becoming black; flesh
red, firm, sweet, pleasing; pit small and slightly elongated; ripens the
last of May.
=Gros Guindoul Hâtif.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 335. 1870-71.
Tree large; fruit of first size, superior quality, large, dark red,
juicy, sprightly; ripens in June-July.
=Grosse Blanche Carrée.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:204. 1843.
A firm, red, heart-shaped cherry of second size and quality, used
principally for the table, ripening in July.
=Grosse Bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 226, 227, 228. 1819.
_Weiss Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 161. 1791.
_Grosse bunte Molkenkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:28.
1858.
This cherry is distinguished from others of its class by its peculiar
coloring. At one time it was recommended because of its size, flavor,
and length of season. Fruit large, thick at the base, both sides
compressed and marked by a suture; stem long, slender, set in a shallow
opening; ground color a dingy pale yellow more or less covered with red;
flesh tender, melting, pleasing; ripens at the end of June.
=Grosse Friedrichskirsche.= Species? =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:39. 1858.
Fruit large, compressed, roundish-cordate, pale yellow, washed with
crimson; flesh slightly aromatic; ripens the end of June; productive.
=Grosse Glaskirsche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 57,
58. 1790. =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 292. 1802. =3.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 473-475. 1819.
_Grosse Cerise Transparente._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:172-175,
fig. 1866. =5.= _Guide Prat._ 18, 190. 1895.
Through an error which he later rectified, Truchsess described the
Double Glass as this variety. This cherry differs in having a shorter
stem, larger size and in ripening later. Fruit very large, almost round,
flattened at the ends, depressed at the apex; stem stout, short,
inserted in a large cavity; skin glossy, becoming dark red; flesh pale
yellowish, melting, juicy, mild yet with a piquant, pleasing sourness;
stone roundish, turgid, clinging to the flesh more than to the stem;
ripens in August.
=Grosse Gomballoise.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:150, 151.
1882.
_Bigarreau Grosse Gomballoise._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
Fruit large to very large, thickly cordate, often elongated, truncate at
the ends; suture deep, but a colored line on one side; stem long, stout,
set in a large, deep cavity; skin thick, firm, intense purple changing
to almost black; flesh purple, firm, juicy, sugary, vinous, aromatic;
pit of medium size; ripens at the end of June.
=Grosse Guigne Blanche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
258. 1819. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:315, 316 fig. 1877.
_Guigne a gros fruit blanc._ =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:161, Pl.
1 fig. 3. 1768. =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:98, 99. 1866.
_Kleine weisse Frühkirsche._ =5.= Christ _Wörterb._ 278. 1802.
_Guigne Blanche._ =6.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 51. 1831. =7.= _Pom.
France_ =7=:No. 20, Pl. 20. 1871.
_Early White Guigne._ =8.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:112. 1832.
_White Heart._ =9.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 107. 1846.
An old variety, probably of French origin, which, according to Leroy,
was described by Merlet in 1667. Fruit large, attached in pairs,
cordate, slightly elongated; stem medium in length, set in a wide
cavity; skin dull yellow, tinged and mottled with dull red; flesh
whitish, tender, juicy, slightly acidulated; quality fair, insipid in
wet seasons; stone large, ovoid, clinging; ripens the last of June.
=Grosse Guigne Noire à Court Pédicelle.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man.
Comp. Jard._ =2=:503. 1860.
_Guignier à Gros Fruit Noir et Court Pédoncule._ =2.= _Pom. France_
=7=:No. 28, Pl. 28. 1871.
An old variety of uncertain origin. Fruit large, roundish-cordate;
suture broad; stem short, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin tender
but firm, beautiful black at maturity; flesh soft, juicy, agreeable;
quality good; stone of medium size, oval, reddish; ripens the last of
June.
=Grosse Höckerige Marmorkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:42. 1858.
Fruit very large, uneven, roughened, dark red; flesh hard, rather sweet;
ripens at the end of July; not very productive.
=Grosse Mogulkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 160. 1791.
Fruit large, cordate, red, dotted here and there with white; flesh mild;
excellent; pit small.
=Grosse Morelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1=. Christ _Wörterb._ 284. 1802. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 545-548. 1819.
_Grosse Morelle double?_ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Fruit large, globular; stem medium in length, slender, set in a smooth
cavity; skin glossy, smooth, inky-black; flesh blood-red, veined, juicy,
wine-sour, not unpleasant; stone of medium size, blood-red; ripens from
the end of June to July; often dried.
=Grosse Nonnenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 287. 1802.
=2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 517, 518, 519. 1819.
_Varrenne, De._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831.
_Grosse Cerise des Religieuses._ =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:97, 98, fig.
49. 1882.
Probably of French origin. Tree moderately productive; fruit of medium
size, round, sides unevenly compressed, with a shallow suture; stem
long, set in a wide cavity; skin brownish-black, glossy; flesh tender,
colored, juicy, subacid; stone small, very broad, clinging to the stem;
ripens the middle of July.
=Grosse Picarde.= _P. cerasus._
The United States Department of Agriculture received this variety from
F. Jamin, Bourg-la-Reine, France, in 1905, after which trees were sent
to this Station for testing. Tree vigorous, rapid in growth; fruit of
the Montmorency type, above medium in size, roundish-cordate, slightly
compressed; cavity intermediate in depth and width, abrupt; suture a
line; apex roundish; stem slender, long; skin moderately thick, tough,
separating readily from the pulp, very dark red; dots numerous, small,
obscure; flesh dark red, stringy, tender, melting, astringent, sour,
juicy; poor to fair in quality; stone of medium size, ovate, slightly
pointed, smooth, tinged with purple; season very late.
=Grosse Schwarze Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._
=1=:2, Tab. 2 fig. 2. 1792. =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 274. 1802. =3.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 158. 1819.
_Guigne à Gros Fruit Noir Hâtif._ =4.= _Pom. France_ =7=:No. 25, Pl. 25.
1871.
This cherry differs from Frühe Maiherzkirsche in having a firmer flesh.
Fruit above medium in size, cordate, pointed, black; suture distinct on
one side; stem long, slender, deeply set; ripens in June.
=Grosse Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 275.
1802._Gemeine Schwarze Herzkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
142-145, 156, 157. 1819.
_Gemeine Schwarze Herzkische._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
142-145, 156, 157, 1819.
_Guignier à gros fruit noir_? =5.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:502.
1860.
Fruit large, cordate, flattened on one side; stem long, set in a deep
cavity; skin thick, dark red changing to black, pitted; flesh rather
firm, tender, fibrous, dark red, juicy, exceedingly sweet and
refreshing, with a slightly bitterish after-taste; stone clinging;
ripens in July.
=Grosse Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ
_Wörterb._ 277. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 200, 201.
1819.
Found in a German garden in 1797; distinguished from Elkhorn in ripening
later. Fruit large, round, flattened on the sides and apex; skin black,
glossy; stem thick; flesh firm, juicy; ripens early in August.
=Grosse Süsse Maiherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 126-130. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:20.
1858.
_Grosse Süsse Maikirsche._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 662. 1797.
Fruit above medium in size, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; stem of
medium length, stout, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin tough,
almost black; flesh tender, reddish-black, juicy, sprightly, rich; stone
of medium size, broadly cordate, with a faint point; ripens at the end
of June; used for table and kitchen.
=Grosse Tardive.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 17. 1876.
_Grosse späte Amarelle._ =2.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 58. 1907.
Grosse Tardive is thought to have originated near Paris, France. It
ripens the first of August when all other sweet, black cherries are
gone. The tree resembles Montmorency.
=Grosse Transparente.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser.
=3=:60. 1900.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Grosse Ungarische Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Krünitz _Enc._ 66-68.
1790.
_Ungarische Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Handb._ 661. 1797.
_Grosse schwarze ungarische Herzkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:20. 1858.
Fruit large, oval, rather angular; stem medium in length; cavity deep,
irregular; suture distinct; skin glossy, black; flesh dark red,
fine-grained, aromatic, sweet; stone large, oval; ripens early in July;
productive.
=Grosse de Verrières.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 71, 72, Pl.
1870-71.
This cherry is extensively grown at Verrières, France, where it is often
called, "La Grosse." The fruit, however, is but a trifle larger than
Cerise Commune from which it differs only in its slightly
elongated-cordate form; stem medium in length; skin deep red; flesh red,
juicy, sweet; season the middle of July.
=Grosse de Wagnellee.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 465.
1869.
A vigorous, productive cherry of Belgian origin; fruit large, oval; skin
yellow, washed and spotted with red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; ripens
in July.
=Grosse Weinkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 385.
1881.
_Grosse-Griotte à vin._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 21, 196. 1876.
Fruit flattened, roundish, rather large; stem rather long; suture
indistinct; skin very dark, glossy red; flesh tender, dark red, juicy,
sprightly, acid; pit egg-oval; ripens in July; used for conserves and
coloring wines.
=Grosse Weisse Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 285, 679, 680. 1819.
Fruit large, truncate-cordate, one side compressed, with a shallow
suture; stem long, stout, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin firm,
tough, pale yellow, washed with deep red; flesh firm, juicy, sweet,
pleasing; stone small, round, plump, partly clinging; ripens the middle
of July.
=Groth Braune Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 358.
1889.
Listed without description in this reference.
=Groth Gelbe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56.
1907.
_Bigarreau jaune de Groth._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27, 189. 1876.
_Groth's Wachskirsche._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 337, 358. 1889.
Tree vigorous and very productive; fruit rather large, truncate-cordate;
skin transparent, brilliant yellow; flesh rather firm, very sweet,
agreeable; first quality; matures early in July.
=Grünstiel-Kirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:22. 1858.
Fruit black, of medium size, obtuse-cordate, noticeably furrowed; stem
long, shallowly inserted; flesh firm, colored, subacid; pit of medium
size, round, somewhat clinging; ripens the middle of July.
=Guben.= _P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.
_Bigarreau noir de Guben._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876.
_Gubener Schwarze Knorpel._ =3.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 369. 1881.
_Late Black Bigarreau_? =4.= _Guide Prat._ 18. 1895.
Guben originated near the town of the same name in Prussia, Germany.
Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides slightly compressed; suture
indistinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; skin firm, glossy, nearly
black; flesh firm, dark red, sweet, with a pleasing sourness; pit
roundish; ripens the last of June.
=Gubens Ehre.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 358. 1889. =2.= Lange
_Allgem. Garten._ 423. 1897.
Fruit large, dark red, with a slightly aromatic flavor.
=Guigne Anglaise Blanche Précoce.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:161. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Guigne d'Argovie.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 51. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Guigne Blanche Précoce.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:316.
1877.
Received by Leroy from Germany in 1860 and said by him to lack size and
quality.
=Guigne Bonne Alostoise.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 359.
1889.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Guigne de Buxeuil.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Listed without a description.
=Guigne Carnée Winkler.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:317,
318 fig., 319. 1877.
_Winkler weisse Herzkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 278,
279. 1819.
_Guigne Blanche de Winkler._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:161, 162, fig. 79.
1866-73.
_Guigne de Winkler._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 15, 199. 1876.
This variety is said to be a seedling raised by a Herr Winkler at Guben,
Prussia, Germany, about 1816. Fruit attached in pairs, large,
roundish-cordate, compressed; suture not prominent; stem long, inserted
in a deep, narrow cavity; skin flesh-colored; flesh tender, slightly
fibrous, light yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasingly aromatic; pit of medium
size, plump, oval; ripens the second week of the cherry season.
=Guigne de Chamblondes.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 359. 1889.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Guigne Chamonale.= _P. avium._=1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:151. 1882.
Flowers and foliage only described.
=Guigne Chavanne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882. =2.=
Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 359. 1889.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Guigne Courte-queue d'Oullins.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le
Cerisier_ =2=:62 fig., 63, 218. 1866.
_Guigne à courte queue_? =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 20. 1887.
This variety is said to have originated at Oullins, near Lyons, France.
Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit rather large, obtuse-cordate,
truncate; stem short to very short, inserted in a shallow, narrow
cavity; suture a well-marked line; skin rather thick, glossy, shaded
with red changing to deep black; flesh red, tender but not soft, sweet
with some acidity, agreeable; quality excellent; pit large for the size
of the fruit, ovoid; ripens early in June.
=Guigne Ecarlate.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 51. 1831.
A worthless, medium-sized, red, oval fruit, with firm flesh, ripening in
July.
=Guigne de l'Escalier.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Thomas Guide Prat._ 24. 1876.
=2.= _Guide Prat._ 11. 1895.
This is a large, brownish-black, French cherry of the Heart class. Fruit
with an uneven surface; flesh red, sugary, sweet; first quality; ripens
the first of July.
=Guigne de Gland.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 213. 1880.
Guigne de Gland received its name from the small community of Gland,
Aisne, France, where it appears to have been first cultivated. It is one
of the first to be found on the markets; is very productive, and of good
quality; fruit large, clear red, very sweet.
=Guigne Grosse Rouge Hâtive.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._
51. 1831.
A firm, red, cordate cherry of second quality for table use; ripens in
July.
=Guigne Grosse Rouge Tardive.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._
51. 1831.
Listed in this reference.
=Guigne Guindole.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876.
Many writers, including Leroy, believe this cherry to be identical with
the Flamentine. Tree vigorous, productive; grown for market; fruit
large, elongated-cordate; skin deep red with carmine mottling on a
yellowish ground; flesh tender, soft, juicy, sugary; matures the last
part of June.
=Guigne Hâtive d'Elsdorf.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27,
198. 1876.
A German variety "much recommended."
=Guigne Marbrée.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Pom. France_ =7=:No. 18. Pl. 18.
1871. =2.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits._ 286. 1889. =3.= _Cat. Cong. Pom.
France_ 523. 1906.
The origin of this variety is uncertain. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate;
suture wide, shallow; stem of medium length, set in a shallow, wide
cavity; skin glossy, white, washed with a rose color changing to
carmine, adherent to the pulp; flesh yellowish, firm, sweet, faintly
aromatic; pit small, roundish; ripens early in July.
=Guigne Marie Besnard.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 15. 1876.
A large, oblong, Heart cherry of good quality; skin light yellow
overspread with red; flesh tender, juicy; late.
=Guigne de Nice.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24. 1876. =2.=
_Guide Prat._ 11. 1895.
Fruit very large, oblong, light red; season early in warm years; trees
rather tender.
=Guigne Noir Luisante.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 208. 1854.
=2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862.
_Guignier à gros fruit noir luisant._ =3.= Duhamel _Trait Arb. Fr._
=1=:162, 163. 1768.
_Grosse glänzende schwarze Herkirsche._ =4.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:2,
Tab. 3 fig. 2. 1792. =5.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 146, 147. 1819.
_Grosse Guigne noire luisante._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:72 fig.
73, 74, 218. 1866.
_Guigne Reinette noire._ =7.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24. 1876.
_Guigne noire hâtive à gros fruits._ =8.= _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._
108 fig., 109. 1904.
This variety should not be mistaken for the Black Spanish of the Germans
although Elliott speaks of it as such with the statement that it was
grown in New Jersey about 1823, from whence it was introduced into Ohio.
It was known as Guigne Reinette Noire about the provinces of Main and
Anjou, France, where it is said to have originated. Some authors have
confused it with Hogg's Black Heart from which it differs in being more
firm. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit large, usually attached in
threes, obtuse-cordate, plump; suture wide; stem medium in length,
inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; skin thick, glossy, brownish-red
changing to black; flesh colored, tender, fibrous, juicy, sweet, vinous;
quality good; pit small, roundish-oval, turgid; ripens the last of June.
=Guigne Noire Hâtive.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 51.
1831.
_Guignier à Gros Fruit noir hâtif._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:330
fig., 331. 1877.
This old variety originated in France early in the Sixteenth Century.
Tree moderately productive; fruit attached in threes, large,
obtuse-cordate, irregular; stem long, stout; cavity large; skin becomes
reddish-black; flesh deep red, fibrous, juicy, acidulated, sweet;
quality fair; pit above medium, ovoid, plump; ripens the last of May.
=Guigne Noire de Monstreux.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24.
1876.
Described by M. M. Vérilhac, nurseryman at Annonay, France, as a large,
good, productive cherry ripening the first part of June.
=Guigne Nouvelle Espéce.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort Soc. Cat._ 51.
1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Guigne Olive.= P. _avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:79, 80
fig., 81, 220. 1866.
Fruit large, elongated-oval, more pointed at the cavity; suture wide;
stem long, slender, set in a slightly deep, abrupt cavity; skin at first
rose-colored, marbled with red changing to almost black; flesh tender,
colored, agreeably acid, with a slight bitterness; pit very large, oval,
resembling the pit of an olive; ripens at the beginning of July.
=Guigne Petite Blanche.= _P. vium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort Soc. Cat._ 51.
1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Guigne Petite Rouge.= P. _avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort Soc. Cat._ 51. 1831.
Listed in this reference.
=Guigne la Plus Hâtive.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:51-54, fig. 1866.
_Guigne marbrée précoce._ =2.= _Mas Le Verger_ =8=:115, 116, fig. 56.
1866-73.
_Guigne d'Annonay._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 15, 197. 1876.
Fruit of medium size, cordate, often slightly elongated; skin thin,
mottled with red changing to almost black; stem moderately slender, set
in a rather deep, wide cavity; flesh purplish, tender, juicy, agreeably
acidulated; pit small, ovoid; ripens the last of May.
=Guigne Précoce Leo d'Ounons.= P. _avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 65. 1881.
This variety was found in an orchard near Vigne, France. The fruit is
large and sweet with an agreeably aromatic juice; ripens the first half
of June.
=Guigne Précoce de Mathère.= P. _avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27.
1876.
_Early Mathere._ =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 416. 1899.
Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; stem short; skin
red; flesh yellowish-red, juicy, sweet; stone small, clinging; early.
=Guigne Précoce Ponctuée.= P. _avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:208. 1866.
A variegated cherry with uncolored juice, mentioned by Mortillet.
=Guigne de Provence.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18. 1876.
=2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:152. 1882. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 18. 1895.
Although very similar to Transparente de Coë, according to _Guide
Pratique_, 1895, Guigne de Provence is a distinct variety. Tree
vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; skin
reddish-carmine; flesh rather firm, sweet; first quality; matures the
last half of June.
=Guigne Ramon Oliva.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 355. 1888. =2.=
_Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 112 fig., 113. 1904.
A chance seedling noticed first by M. Charozé, horticulturist, at
Pyramide-Trelazé, near Angers, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit
large, usually borne in twos or threes, roundish-cordate; suture
indistinct; stem long; color brownish-black, glossy; flesh fine, juicy,
sweet; pit large, oval; ripens early in June.
=Guigne Rose Hâtive.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 24, 199.
1876.
_Kleine frühe rothe Herzkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
164. 1819.
_Rosenrothe Maikirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:18. 1858.
=4.= _Ill. Handb._ 55 fig., 56. 1860.
_Guignier à fruit rose hâtif._ =5.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:503.
1860.
Guigne Rose Hâtive was received by Jahn from Dochnahl who believed
Rheinpfalz, a former palatinate in Germany, to be its home. Tree
productive, drooping; fruit of medium size, uneven particularly about
the stem, roundish-cordate, sides flattened; suture indistinct; stem
medium in length; cavity shallow; skin rose-colored in the middle of
May, later changing to a reddish-purple or black; flesh tender, with
colored juice, sweet if ripe; stone rather large, ovate to oval; ripens
at the end of May or the beginning of June.
=Guigne Rouge Commune.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:152. 1882.
The flowers and foliage only are described.
=Guigne Rouge Ponctuée.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:89
fig., 90, 91, 218. 1866.
This cherry is similar to Rothe Molkenkirsche but is different in pit.
It was found in the province of l'Isere, France. Fruit large to above,
depressed at both extremities, flattened on both sides, one of which is
traversed by a wide, shallow suture; stem above medium in length, set in
a shallow, rather narrow cavity; skin firm, thick, brilliant, changing
to deep red, mottled; flesh white, faintly rose-colored especially about
the pit, moderately firm, at maturity it loses its sourness becoming
sugary and aromatic; pit large, oblong-oval; ripens at the beginning of
June.
=Guigne de Russie à Fruit Blanc.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc.
Cat._ 52. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Guigne Très Précoce.= _P. avium._ 1. Hogg _Fruit Man._ 275, 301. 1884.
A very early, black cherry, a week earlier than the Early Purple. Fruit
rather small, obtuse-cordate, irregular in outline; stem long, slender,
deeply inserted in a wide cavity; skin quite black; flesh very tender;
juice colored; good.
=Guigne van der Broek.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:39, 40.
1771.
A very small, juicy cherry similar to the Black Guigne in form, color
and taste; somewhat oblong; dark, brownish-black; of a very sweet,
agreeable taste.
=Guigne Villeneuve.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 15, 1876.
_Villeneuver Herzkirsche._ =2.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.
This variety is believed to be native to the region around the Auvergne
mountains, France. Fruit very large, quadrangular; skin a vivid rose
color overspreading a whitish ground; ripens late in June.
=Guignier à Fruit Noir et Très-long Pédoncule.= _P. avium._ =1.=
Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:503. 1860.
Obtained from seed and fruited first in 1824. Tree erect, vigorous;
fruit small, conical, black; stem nearly four inches long; flesh watery,
colored, sweet, agreeably acidulated.
=Guignier à Petit Fruit Noir.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp.
Jard._ =2=:502. 1860.
This variety differs from the Grosse Schwarze Herzkirsche only in size
of fruit.
=Guindoux Noir de Faix.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 26. 1876.
Mentioned by Thomas without description.
=Gunsleber Späte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 320, 321. 1819.
A seedling of White Spanish ripening early in August. Fruit small,
blushed with light and dark red on a white ground; flesh firm, sweet;
unproductive.
=Halbgefülltblühende Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:66, 67. 1858.
_Schwarze Weichsel mit halb gefüllter Blüte._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 606, 607, 608. 1819.
Truchsess says that only the semi-doubles have perfect pistils and the
other flowers do not produce fruit. Fruit oblate; stem long, inserted in
a shallow cavity; skin thin, tough, glossy, black; flesh tender, fibrous
near the stem, with dark juice, pleasing.
=Halifax.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 94. 1854.
Halifax is an old variety reported from Maryland.
=Hallock.= _P. avium._
Hallock is a supposed seedling of Downer found by Nicholas Hallock,
Milton, New York; not disseminated. It resembles Downer in color but is
slightly smaller and about two weeks later.
=Hallowell.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Me. Sta. An. Rpt._ =22=:175. 1906.
Hallowell is a seedling of Black Tartarian.
=Hamell Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Hamels Arissen.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Hartlib.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Hartlippe.= Species? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.
"The Hartlippe Cherrie is so called of the place where the best of this
kinde is noursed up, being betweene Sittingbourne and Chattam in Kent,
and is the biggest of our English kindes."
=Hartz Mountain.= Species? =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 48. 1874.
This variety was brought from Germany by a Mr. Meyer of St. Peter,
Minnesota, with whom it has proved hardy and productive.
=Hâtive de Balis.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 362. 1889.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Hâtive ou Précoce.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Hâtive de Prin.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 280, 281, Pl. 1893.
=2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
_Priner Frühweichsel._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.
This variety was introduced by M. Maquerlot of Fismes, Marne, France. It
resembles Montmorency in shape, with a longer stem. Fruit often borne in
fours; cavity deep; skin thin, deep red; flesh of a rose color,
transparent, sugary, acidulated, juicy; pit of medium size, orbiculated.
=Hâtive de St. Jean.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Headley.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Healy.= _P. avium._ =1.= Sweet _Cat._ II. 1897.
Healy is an old, sweet variety thought to have come from Pennsylvania;
introduced by George A. Sweet, Dansville, New York.
=Hedelfingen.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.
_Hedelfingen Risenkirsche._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 77 fig., 78. 1860.
_Colassale d'Hedelfingen._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.
_Géante d'Hedelfingen._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 194. 1876.
_Monstrueuse d'Hedelfingen._ =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:59, 60, fig. 30.
1882.
_Bigarreau de Hedelfingen._ =6.= _Gard. Chron._ =20=:160. 1896.
This variety probably originated in the village of Hedelfingen, Germany.
Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit very large, obtuse-cordate;
suture noticeable on both sides; stem very long; cavity deep, narrow;
skin glossy, tough, dark brown changing to black, with light red dots;
flesh fibrous, dark red, more tender than many Bigarreaus, yet firm,
juicy, pleasing, aromatic; stone of medium size, long, truncate at the
base; ripens in July; good for table, kitchen and market.
=Hedwigs Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882. =2.=
Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 362. 1889.
Listed but not described.
=Heidelberger Kirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 290. 1802.
A very dark, black, small, short-stemmed Sour Cherry ripening at the
beginning of September.
=Heiges.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 40. 1895.
Heiges is a seedling of the Bigarreau type, from C. E. Hoskins,
Springbrook, Oregon, ripening there the last of June. Fruit large,
heart-shaped, very smooth; cavity medium in size and depth, regular,
flaring; stem short, slender; suture shallow, narrow; skin thin,
tenacious, dark purplish-black, with minute golden, indented dots; flesh
very dark, purplish-black, with a few light veins, meaty, tender, juicy,
sweet, aromatic; quality best; pit large, oval, semi-clinging.
=Heintzen (Heintze's) Frühe Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._
362. 1889.
Listed in the reference given.
=Henneberger Grafenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 675.
1797. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 548, 549, 550. 1819. =3.=
Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:64. 1858. =4.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 159.
1790.
_Cerise du Comte de Henneberg._ =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:307.
1866.
Fruit of medium size, flattened, without a suture; black when ripe; stem
long, slender, shallowly inserted; flesh tender, with a pleasant
sourness; ripens in July.
=Hensel Early.= Species? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =22=:233 fig. 1867.
Hensel is an accidental seedling found on the grounds of G. W. Zahm,
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and named after the former owner of the
property. Tree moderate in growth, hardy, productive; fruit roundish,
obtuse at the base; stem slender; flesh half-tender, juicy; good; ripens
the first part of June; not disposed to rot.
=Herzkirsche Léona Quesnel.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 62. 1889.
Mentioned but not described by Mathieu.
=Herzkirsche Trauben.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:153. 1882.
The flowers and foliage only are described.
=Herzkirsche Wils Frühe.= Species? =1.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ 439.
1897. Listed without a description.
=Herzkirschweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 673. 1797.
According to Christ, this cherry is a Morello; fruit large, with an
indistinct suture; stem rather long, deeply set; color reddish-black;
flesh tender, subacid; stone cordate; ripens the middle of July.
=Herzog May.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 330.
1885. =2.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 22. 1892-93.
Imported by Professor J. L. Budd from Southwestern Russia where it does
well on wet, unfavorable soil. Tree open and upright, a true Duke of the
best quality.
=Hoadley.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 209 fig. 1854.
Hoadley was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in
1842, and was named by Elliott in honor of George Hoadley of Cleveland.
Tree healthy, vigorous, with a round, spreading head; fruit above medium
in size, roundish-cordate; stem of medium length; cavity shallow; skin
pale yellow, mottled and striped with clear carmine; flesh yellowish,
tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly, almost translucent; pit of medium size;
season the last of June; valuable for table use but will not stand
shipment.
=Hockenberg.= _P. cerasus._
Mentioned in a letter from H. Back & Sons, New Trenton, Indiana, as
resembling an Amarelle; of no particular value.
=Hogg Black Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 84. 1866. =2.=
Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem long; skin black, glossy;
flesh and juice dark, rich, sweet, tender; season at the beginning of
July.
=Hogg Red Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 84. 1866.
Fruit medium large, roundish, inclined to heart-shape; stem long; skin
red, mottled with amber-yellow; flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, rich,
with uncolored juice; ripens the first of July.
=Hoke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 24. 1894.
Hoke is a Duke, long known in York County, Pennsylvania, and regarded as
worthy of wider dissemination. It originated at Hanover, Pennsylvania,
with Henry Wirt, and was known as Wirt until the farm changed hands in
1848, when it became known as Hoke. The fruit, as grown at this Station,
is large, obtuse-cordate; cavity large, deep; skin thick, tough,
resisting rot in rainy weather, dark, mottled with red; stem long,
moderately thick, swollen at either end; flesh firm, meaty, dark pink,
subacid, sprightly; quality very good; stone medium; season the last of
June.
=Höllandische Späte Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 677.
1797. =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 288. 1802.
_Höllandische Kirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 597-599.
1819.
_Höllandische Weichsel._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:65. 1858.
This variety is distinguished from others of its class by its smaller
stone, tender flesh, longer stem and later ripening. Tree never large,
productive; fruit large, nearly round, sides slightly compressed; suture
distinct; stem long; color brownish-red; flesh tender, colored, juicy,
very sour; ripens in August but hangs until September.
=Holman Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Langley _Pomona_ 86, Pl. 17
fig. 1. 1729. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:135, 136. 1832. =3.=
Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 99. 1846. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:346, 347 fig. 1877.
_Cerise Royale Tardive D'Angleterre._ =5.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =1=:107,
108, Pl. 1853.
_Cherry-Duck._ =6.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:507. 1860.
_Royale Tardive._ =7.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:155, 156 fig., 157,
158, 305. 1866. =8.= _Pom. France_ =7=:No. 1, Pl. 1. 1871. =9.= Mas
_Pom. Gen._ =11=:162. 1882.
Holman Duke is thought to be of English origin and a seedling of May
Duke. The name, Royale Tardive, a synonym of Holman Duke, has been used
interchangeably for several Duke cherries. Fruit large to above,
roundish-cordate; suture moderate; stem above medium in size, set in a
rather deep, narrow, irregular cavity; skin thin, brownish-red changing
to nearly black when fully mature; flesh red, fibrous, juicy, vinous,
acidulated; pit of medium size, ovoid; dorsal suture not very apparent;
ripens the middle of July.
=Holme Late Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._
27. 1876.
Mentioned by Thomas without a description.
=Holstein.= Species? =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:363. 1851.
A medium-sized, round, red, seedling cherry.
=Homer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:71, 72. 1903. =2.=
Jewell _Cat._ 35. 1906. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.
Homer is a seedling of the Morello type from New Haven, Connecticut,
introduced from Homer, Minnesota; said to be valuable in the Northwest.
Fruit medium to large, roundish-oblate; stem short, stout; cavity
shallow, moderately broad; skin red, becoming darker, thin, rather
tough; flesh tender, uncolored, juicy, mildly subacid; pit round,
semi-clinging; ripens the last of June.
=Honey.= _P. avium._ =1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 251. 1817. =2.= Elliott
_Fr. Book_ 217. 1854. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 243. 1858.
_Large Honey._ =4.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
_Yellow Honey._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:110. 1832.
_Cream._ =6.= _Horticulturist_ =1=:148. 1846-47.
_Summer's Honey_? =7.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 228. 1849.
_Late Honey_? =8.= _Ibid._ 235, 236. 1849.
Honey, though grown only in America, is probably of foreign origin--an
old sort renamed. Tree similar to Black Mazzard but more spreading.
Fruit small, roundish-oval, yellowish, mottled with red, becoming deep
amber-red; stem long, slender; flesh tender, melting, juicy, sweet; pit
large; season the middle of July.
=Honey Dew.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Conn. Bd. Agr. Rpt._ =11=:340. 1877.
Spoken of as a valuable variety originating in Connecticut.
=Honeywood.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831. =2.=
_Mag. Hort._ =9=:205. 1843.
Mentioned as unworthy of cultivation.
=Hoppock Yellow.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =12=:164. 1886.
This variety originated in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, from seed sown by
Cornelius Hoppock. Fruit of medium size, cordate, sweet; very
productive.
=Hoskins.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 262. 1892. =2.= _Ibid._
292, Pl. VI. 1893. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 150. 1895. =4.= _Am. Pom.
Soc. Cat._ 24. 1899.
Hoskins originated with C. E. Hoskins,[86] Newberg, Oregon, about 1880,
as a seedling of Napoleon. Tree vigorous, upright, somewhat spreading;
fruit large, roundish-cordate suture a line; stem short, set in a
roundish cavity; color dull purplish-red; flesh purple, fibrous, firm,
sprightly, sweet; quality good; ripens in mid-season.
=Hovey.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hovey _Fr. Am._ =2=:25, 26, Pl. 1851. =2.=
_Mag. Hort._ =19=:405, 406 fig. 27. 1853. =3.= Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74.
1862.
Hovey originated with C. M. Hovey, Boston, Massachusetts, being selected
from a bed of seedlings in 1839; first fruited in 1848. For a time it
was considered a cherry of considerable value but at present it is but
little known. Tree very vigorous, upright, spreading, productive; fruit
large, obtuse-cordate; stem short, rather stout; skin rich amber mottled
with brilliant red; flesh pale amber, rather firm but tender, sprightly
becoming sweet; very good in quality; stone slightly adherent to the
pulp, small, oval.
=Hoy.= _P. avium._ =1.= Chase _Cat._ 12. 1909. =2.= _Ibid._ Pl. 1910.
A new cherry recently found in one of the suburbs of Philadelphia and
introduced in 1909 by the Chase Nursery Company, Geneva, New York, as a
very valuable Sweet Cherry. As grown at the Geneva Station it is smaller
and no better than Napoleon. Tree vigorous, hardy, healthy, unproductive
on the Station grounds. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, slightly
flattened, with irregular surfaces; cavity deep; suture a line; stem of
medium thickness and length, adhering to the fruit; skin rather thin, of
medium toughness, adhering to the pulp, amber covered with light red,
sometimes spotted; flesh whitish, juicy, stringy, tender, somewhat
meaty, crisp, sprightly, sweet; quality good; stone clinging, roundish,
plump; ripens in mid-season.
[86] Oregon has given to pomology two notable breeders of cherries,
Seth Lewelling and C. E. Hoskins, the subject of this sketch.
Cyrus Edwin Hoskins was born on a farm in Clinton County, Ohio,
July 3, 1842, and there he grew to manhood. Almost at the first
call for men to defend the Union in the Civil War, Mr. Hoskins
responded and joined the 13th Ohio regiment, serving until the
close of the war. Returning to Ohio, he gave attention to fruit
culture, testing many varieties of several fruits and producing
some new grapes and berries. In 1877 Mr. Hoskins moved to Newberg,
Yamhill County, Oregon, settling on new land and thus becoming a
pioneer in the Northwest. His first pomological venture in Oregon
was in growing prunes, his orchard of this fruit being one of
the first, and he is credited with having built one of the first
evaporators for the curing of prunes in America. For some years he
maintained his prune ranch and evaporator, developing a product
that gave him the highest reputation in prune markets and made him
one of the leading authorities on this fruit in the United States.
Early in his orchard work in Oregon Mr. Hoskins began to produce
new varieties of cherries and soon offered for sale a number of
promising seedlings of which Vesta, Lake, Occident, Stryker and
Hoskins were most worthy. Unfortunately, ill health in the family
compelled Mr. Hoskins to move from Yamhill County, to which place,
after having spent several years in Jackson County, Oregon, and in
the Hawaiian Islands, he returned with the expectation of taking
up his work in breeding cherries and prunes, but his death, August
18, 1908, occurred before his work had been again well begun. The
Pacific Northwest owes a debt of gratitude to Mr. Hoskins for the
spendid part he played in developing the fruit industry of that
region and pomologists the country over owe him much for his labors
in breeding cherries.
=Hubbard.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 437. 1898.
Hubbard is a variety of the Morello class grown about Villa Ridge,
Illinois. Tree dwarfish, drooping, bears early, productive; fruit large,
cordate, nearly black; precedes Early Richmond.
=Hungarian Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.
=2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 302. 1884.
_Hungarian Cherry of Zwerts._ =3.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629. =4.=
Rea _Flora_ 206. 1676.
Although there seems to be a discrepancy in the size of the cherry
mentioned by Parkinson and Rea and the one described by Hogg, all three
writers undoubtedly referred to the same sort. While the first two
references describe the variety as exceptionally large no definite
statements are made, thus giving strength to the following description
made by Hogg many years later. Tree productive; fruit rather below
medium in size, obtuse-cordate; skin amber, mottled with red on the
sunny side; flesh white, half-tender, mildly sweet; quality fair; stone
large, ovate; ripens in July.
=Hyde Late Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 237. 1849. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 262. 1857.
This variety originated with T. & G. Hyde, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree
strong in growth, productive; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate,
purplish-black; flesh half-firm, melting, juicy; resembles Eagle but is
later.
=Hyde Red Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:284. 1842. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 175. 1845.
_Hyde's Seedling._ =3.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 232. 1849.
Another seedling from T. & G. Hyde, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree
vigorous, hardy, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, cordate;
stem short; skin pale yellow, becoming lively red; flesh tender, with a
pleasant sprightliness, juicy; season early July.
=Imperial Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 279.
1857.
_Poitou griotte._ =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:148. 1832.
_Imperial._ =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 209. 1854.
_Griotte Impériale._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 17, 195. 1876. =5.= _Can.
Exp. Farm Bul._ =17=:9. 1892.
_Griotte à Courte Queue._ =6.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:284 fig., 285.
1877.
_Guindoux du Poitou._ =7.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:113, 114, fig. 57. 1882.
_Kaiserliche Weichsel._ =8.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 364. 1889.
An old variety recently introduced into the Northwest where it has
proved very hardy. Tree small, low-headed, productive, bears early;
fruit medium to large, roundish-oval; stem very short, shallowly
inserted; skin very dark red; flesh tender, juicy, pleasantly acid when
ripe; pit small, long, pointed; ripens the middle of July.
=Incomparable en Beauté.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Intorka.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 667. 1897.
Intorka is an importation from Russia. Fruit of medium size, round,
yellow and red; flesh firm, yellowish, subacid.
=Jaune de Prusse.= _P. avium._ =1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:544. 1855.
=2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 466. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:93,
94, fig. 47. 1882.
Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, obtuse-cordate; stem long,
slender, inserted in a narrow cavity; skin firm, light yellow,
translucent; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet but slightly
bitter before it is fully ripe; pit large for the size of the fruit;
ripens after Downer.
=Jean Arendsen.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:37. 1771.
According to Knoop, it closely resembles the round Pragische Muskateller
in both form and color but is not as good in quality.
=Jenkin Black Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.
Mentioned without description.
=Jerusalem Kirsche von der Natte.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:153, 154. 1882.
Flowers and leaves only are described.
=Jerusalemskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
557-561. 1819.
_Späte Königliche Weichsel._ =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:8, Tab. 19 fig.
2. 1792. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 561-563. 1819.
_Späte grosse königliche Weichsel._ =4.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797.
_Pyramidenkirsche._ =5.= Christ _Wörterb._ 291. 1802.
_Pyramidenweichsel._ =6.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 529-531. 1819.
The origin of this old variety is unknown but it was chiefly grown in
Germany. Tree unproductive; fruit large, oval, with a shallow suture;
stem long, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark red, changing to black,
glossy; flesh moderately firm, juicy, pleasing subacid; pit large,
walnut-shaped, clinging; ripens the last of July in Germany.
=Jocosot.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168, 404. 1853. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 197 fig. 1854.
_Jockotos._ =3.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 270. 1857.
Jocosot was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in
1842, from a pit of the Yellow Spanish and named after an Indian chief.
Tree thrifty, round-topped, productive; fruit large, regular,
obtuse-cordate, indented at the apex, sides compressed; suture broad;
stem long, set in a cavity of medium size; skin glossy, of a dark-liver
color, almost black; flesh tender, with indistinct radiating lines,
juicy, sweet; pit below medium in size, smooth; ripens the last of June.
=Joel Keil Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl
_Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:22. 1858.
Fruit small, roundish-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender,
shallowly inserted; skin black; flesh rather firm, sweet, juicy,
colored; pit oval, clinging; ripens the middle of July to the middle of
August.
=June Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 330. 1885.
=2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:72. 1903.
_Cerisier juniat._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 649, 650, 691.
1819.
_Junius Amarelle._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:70. 1858.
_Juniat Amarelle._ =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882. =6.= _Mich.
Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 328. 1888. =7.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:243. 1898-99.
_June Morello._ =8.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:548. 1892.
Truchsess refers to this cherry as having been described by Sickler in
1805. Budd, in his importations of 1883, from Russia, included this
variety. Tree of medium size, vigorous, rather unproductive; fruit above
medium in size, roundish-oblate; stem stout, of medium length; suture
indistinct; skin thin, rather tough, separating readily from the pulp,
light red; flesh firm, meaty, yellowish, juicy; flavor subacid; quality
fair; stone of medium size, somewhat round; season that of Early
Richmond which it resembles in size, flavor and color.
=June Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 269.
1857.
_Shippen._ =2.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 248. 1817.
A tart variety similar to May Duke, known about Philadelphia as Shippen
and Wetherill. Tree vigorous; fruit large and pleasing; ripens late in
June.
=Justinische Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 291. 1802.
=2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 523, 524. 1819.
_Justinische Amarelle._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 683. 1797.
This variety is separated from other Sour Cherries ripening with it,
through its firm flesh, its straight, shallowly set stem and its
astringent, sour flavor. Fruit of medium size, roundish, sides broadly
compressed; stem of medium length, rather stout; suture shallow; skin
tough, brownish-red; flesh dark red, with clear red juice.
=Kamdesa.= _P. pumila × P. persica._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._
=108=:1908.
Noted in the reference as a cross between the Sand Cherry and the
Opulent peach. "The blossoms show a tendency to double."
=Kappenblättrige Süssweichsel.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Dochnahl
_Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:47. 1858.
Distinguished from May Duke through its smaller fruit and rolled leaves.
=Kassin Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Lauche _Ergänzungsband_
601. 1883. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:60. 1900.
Kassin, a vineyardist, in Potsdam, Prussia, Germany, raised this sort
from seed. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; suture
indistinct; stem of medium length, thick, set in a small cavity; skin
dark brown changing to reddish-black, dotted; flesh dark, juicy, sweet;
excellent; stone roundish-oval; ripens the first week of the season.
=Katie.= _(P. avium × P. cerasus) × P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Hort. An._ 86
fig. 1869.
Katie is a seedling of Louis Philippe crossed with a Mazzard. The tree
has the Mazzard habit of growth, yet produces fruit resembling May Duke
in form and size but deeper in color; flesh tender; matures with Downer.
=Kaufmann.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 345. 1906.
Kaufmann is a stray seedling of English Morello from Minnesota. It is
larger and a little longer in stem than the supposed parent and ripens
with the last of the Early Richmond.
=Kazan Seedling.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:240. 1898-99.
Listed in the reference given.
=Kelly.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 253. 1903.
A Sweet Cherry from Berrien County, Michigan.
=Kennicott.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 210 fig. 1854.
Kennicott was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland and named by Elliott
after Dr. J. A. Kennicott of Northfield, Illinois. Tree vigorous, hardy,
spreading, productive; fruit large, oval-cordate, compressed; suture
shallow; stem short, inserted in an irregular cavity; skin amber-yellow,
mottled with bright, clear, glossy red; flesh yellowish-white, firm,
juicy, sweet; pit below medium in size, smooth; ripens about the middle
of July.
=Kentish Drier.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
A medium-sized, red cherry of first quality used for culinary purposes;
ripening in July. Confused by some with Early Richmond.
=Kentish Preserve.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
Listed without a description.
=Keokuk.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 210 fig. 1854.
Keokuk is another seedling raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland,
Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed with
Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Tree vigorous, strong;
fruit large, cordate; stem stout; skin dark purplish-black; flesh
half-tender, purple, rather coarse; deficient in flavor; pit of medium
size; season early in July.
=Kesterter Früh Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 364. 1889.
Listed in the reference given.
=King George the Second.= _P. avium._ =1.= Brookshaw _Pom. Brit._ Pl. 6.
1817. =2.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =1=:3, Pl. II fig. 1. 1823.
This variety is distinguished from other black cherries by its uneven
surface. Fruit large, with a rich, sweet flavor; ripens the first of
June and hangs for six weeks.
=King Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1890. =2.=
_Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:60. 1900. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort.
Man._ =2=:277. 1903.
King Morello is another of Budd's importations from Russia. Tree very
hardy, moderate in growth; fruit large, oblate; stem variable; skin dark
red; flesh yellowish-white, firm, sprightly, juicy, good; pit very
small; ripens with Early Richmond.
=Kirsche von Basel.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 19 fig., 20. 1867.
Jahn, in his _Handbuch_, calls attention to the error in calling this
variety Bigarreau Hâtif de Bale as it is not a Bigarreau but a
variegated Heart. Fruit compressed unevenly giving it a cordate
appearance, small; suture shallow; apex slightly depressed; stem long,
slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin thin, bright yellow washed with
pale red, mottled and streaked; flesh pale yellow, soft, with abundant,
uncolored juice, pleasing but not high in quality; stone large,
roundish, slightly pointed; ripens the middle of July.
=Kirchheimer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 290. 1802. =2.=
_Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.
_Kirchheimer Weichsel._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 580-583.
1819. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 85 fig., 86. 1867.
This old cherry is from Kirchheim, Erfurt, Prussia, Germany. It is
propagated by root cuttings and is used for wine and for canning. It is
mentioned as growing in British Columbia but is otherwise not spoken of
by American writers. Tree large, vigorous, drooping; fruit of medium
size, round; suture a line; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; skin
thin, glossy, almost black when ripe; flesh mild subacid, pleasing,
juicy; stone small, oval, turgid; ripens at the end of July.
=Kirtland Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ =22=:292, 293
fig. 1867.
_Kirtland's Large Morello_. =2.= _Horticulturist_ N. S. =3=:123. 1853.
_Large Morello._ =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 210. 1854.
A seedling originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; it
thrives in sections of the south and west where Sweet Cherries are
generally unsuccessful. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit uniformly
distributed, borne in pairs, large, uniform, roundish; stem short;
cavity round, narrow; skin glossy, dark red; flesh tender, juicy, acid;
high quality; pit small; ripens early in July.
=Kleindienst Braune Knorpel.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 365.
1889.
_Bigarreau Brun Kleindienst._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:184, 185 fig.
1877.
Leroy, in 1866, stated that this variety was raised from seed by M.
Kleindienst, a vineyardist at Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree moderately
productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, cordate, flattened;
stem long, moderately stout; skin vivid red, changing from grayish-red
to almost black; flesh of a whitish-rose color, firm, filamentose,
juicy, sugary, acidulated, aromatic; first quality; pit large, ovoid;
ripens the last of June.
=Kleine Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
644-646. 1819.
Truchsess states that this variety was described by Büttner in 1797, as
Kleine Glaskirsche but that it belongs to the Amarelles. Tree
productive; fruit small, globular, pale reddish-yellow; flesh melting,
watery; ripens the middle of July.
=Kleine Bunte Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 248-251. 1819.
_Bigarreau à petit fruit rouge hâtif._ =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._
=1=:166, 167. 1768. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.
_Bigarreautier à petit fruit rouge._ =4.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
308-310. 1819.
_Bigarreau rouge hâtif (petit)._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:243 fig.,
244. 1877.
_Petit Bigarreau Hâtif_? =6.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:105, 106, fig. 53.
1882.
Fruit of medium size, usually attached in pairs, irregular, cordate,
flattened on both faces; stem long, slender; skin almost wholly red,
occasionally showing streaks of yellow; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy,
aromatic; pit of medium size, ovoid; ripens about the middle of June.
=Kleine Bunte Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 219-222. 1819.
_Kleine bunte Molkenkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:28.
1858.
Fruit small, nearly round, sides compressed; suture distinct; stem long,
slender, deeply inserted; skin dull blood-red, with yellow spots; flesh
tender, pale yellow, juicy, honey sweet; stone small; ripens at the end
of June.
=Kleine Frühe Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 650-652. 1819.
Fruit small, round, flattened; stem short; suture a line; skin clear
red, transparent, tender; flesh tender, pleasant subacid; stone small,
adhering more to the stem than to the flesh; ripens the last half of
July.
=Kleine Natte.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 365. 1889.
Listed in the reference given.
=Kleine Nonnenkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ 1. Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_
585-588. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:65, 66. 1858.
This variety is a seedling of the common wild Sour Cherry. The fruit is
the smallest of the Sour Cherries and resembles the black Bird cherries
but has a shorter stem. Tree of medium size, drooping; fruit very small,
oblate; stem short, shallowly inserted; skin glossy, black, thin but
tough; flesh firm, tender, juicy, with a peculiar sourness; stone small,
round, adhering to the flesh more than to the stem, stained violet;
ripens early in August continuing for three weeks.
=Kleine Schwarze Frühe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 155, 156. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:20.
1858.
No doubt this variety, the Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche, and the Black
Heart greatly resemble each other and some writers combine them.
=Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 275.
1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 148, 149. 1819.
_Mayer's kleine schwarze Herzkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:22. 1858.
This variety is distinguished from the Grosse Schwarze Herzkirsche only
through its size and later ripening; fruit regular, cordate, somewhat
flattened; skin brownish-black; flesh soft, tender; ripens the latter
part of July.
=Kleine Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._
277. 1802. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 195-197, 674. 1819.
Distinguished from others of its class through its smallness and
firmness. Fruit small, variable, flattened at the ends; suture often
lacking; skin very dark brown; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, not
unpleasant but not excellent; stone small; ripens early in August;
productive.
=Kleine Weisse Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 256-258. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:27.
1858.
Described as one of the first to ripen. Fruit of medium size, oblate,
compressed; stem long, inserted in a shallow basin; skin tough,
yellowish-white, shaded with red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; ripens
early in June.
=Kleiner Früher May Herzkirschbaum.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._
=1=:1, Tab. 2 fig. 1. 1792.
Distinguished from the Grosser Früher Mai-Herzkirschbaum by its inferior
size and lighter flesh and juice; ripens at the end of May.
=Knapp.= Species? =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 290. 1889.
This cherry is a seedling from George Knapp, Lafayette, Oregon;
introduced by E. R. Poppleton, 1885; fruit of medium size, round, black.
=Knight Late Black.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
=2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:204. 1843.
_Bigarreau-noir de Knight._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876.
Fruit large, black, obtuse-cordate, firm; second quality; ripens at the
end of July.
=Knudson.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._
According to a letter from the Utah Experiment Station, this variety was
discovered by William O. Knudson, Brigham City, Utah, in 1896. Although
similar to Late Duke, further testing may prove it distinct. Tree bears
early, hardy; fruit medium to large, bright scarlet; ripens over a long
period; used for pies and canning.
=Knyasnaia Sjevera.= _P. cerasus × P. avium._ =1.= _S. P. I. Bul._
=72=:519. 1912. =2.= _Ibid._ =73=:536 Pl. 1912.
This is a large-fruited cherry, originated in 1888 by the Russian
plant-breeder, I. V. Mijurin, at Kozlov, Central Russia, and named
"Knyasnaia Sjevera," meaning "Queen of the North." The United States
Department of Agriculture introduced it into this country under the
number 32674. It is claimed to be a hybrid between an early Vladimir and
a variety of Sweet Cherry called "White Winkler." It possesses excellent
shipping and keeping qualities. This cherry has stood the severe winters
of Central Russia very well and may be expected to thrive in parts of
the Middle West and where the climate is more or less semi-arid. Tree
vigorous, upright, with few side branches; trunk smooth and clean; fruit
large, pale red, with a fresh sour-sweet flavor; ripening about the end
of June.
=Koch Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:38. 1858. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 365. 1889.
Originated about 1851. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture shallow; stem
medium long, shallowly inserted; skin glossy, black; flesh firm,
piquant; quality high; stone small, roundish-oval; ripens at the end of
August.
=Kochs Ostheimer Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59.
1907.
_Kochs verbesserte Ostheimer Weichsel._ =2.= _Reut. Pom. Inst.
Festschrift_ 122. 1910.
A strong-growing, productive variety, said to exceed its parent,
Ostheim, in size, color, and flavor.
=Koeper.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 341. 1893.
Listed in the reference given.
=Kolaki.= _P. avium._ 1. Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:29, 30, fig. 15. 1882.
According to Oberdieck, this variety is of Bohemian origin. Fruit of
medium size, cordate, slightly elongated; apex obtuse; suture distinct;
stem medium long, slender, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin
moderately firm, transparent, yellow in the sun, purplish in the shade;
flesh tinged yellow, tender, juicy, somewhat sugary; first quality; pit
small, oval, flattened at the base, obtuse at the apex; ripens the first
of June.
=Korkovanyer Kirsche.= Species? =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 56. 1907.
Listed but not described.
=Koslov.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:278. 1903.
_Koslov bush Morello._ =2.= _Can. Hort._ =12=:216, fig. 58, 218. 1889.
_Koslov-Morello._ =3.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:128. 1900.
The Koslov cherries are seedlings, not a single variety. A number of
seedlings were imported by the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association in
1889, from Koslov, Crimea, Russia, where they were grown by Russian
peasants, being propagated from pits. The trees are low, bush-shaped,
slow in coming into bearing and most of the fruit is worthless. The one
most grown is moderately large, roundish, pointed at the apex; suture
barely traceable; stem long, set in a slight depression; skin dark red,
turning black; flesh dark red, tender, juicy, acid; ripens from the last
of July to the last of August.
=Kostelnice.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:19, 20, fig. 10.
1882.
Originated in Neustadt, Prussia, Germany. Tree moderately vigorous;
fruit medium to below in size, obtuse-cordate; stem short, set in a
straight, rather deep cavity; skin tough, vivid purple changing to
almost black; flesh tender, juicy, vinous, agreeably acidulated; good;
stone very small, ovoid, turgid; ripens early in June.
=Kostelniti.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Kriek van den Broek.= Species? =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 165,
166. 1819.
This variety, coming to Truchsess in 1808, from Holland, was confused
with several others received at the same time.
=Kritzendorfer Einsiedekirsche.= Species? =1.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:52.
1910.
An intensely black, large, late cherry which is valued for market
because of its color.
=Kronberger Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 274. 1802.
_Kronkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Handb._ 663. 1797.
_Kronberg Black Heart._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 124-126.
1819. =4.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:203. 1843.
_Kronberger Herzkirsche._ =5.= _Lond. Hort. Soc._ Cat. 48. 1831.
_Wildling von Kronberg._ =6.= Ill. _Handb._ 29 fig., 30. 1867.
_Bigarreau de Kronberg._ =7.= _Guide Prat._ 15, 182. 1895.
According to German pomologists, this variety was raised from seed at
Kronberg, Prussia, Germany. Tree productive; fruit of medium size,
obtuse-cordate, sides unevenly compressed; suture indistinct; stem long,
stout, set in a shallow cavity; skin tough, glossy, black when mature,
lighter along the suture; flesh firmer than others of its class, dark
red, aromatic, sweet; pit broadly cordate, somewhat adherent; ripens at
the end of June.
=Kronprinz von Hannover.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ill. _Handb._ 479 fig., 480.
1861.
_Prince Royal du Hanovre._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.
_Bigarreau Prince Royal de Hanovre._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:232
fig. 1877.
_Prince de Hanovre._ =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:43, 44, fig. 22. 1882.
Grown by M. Lieke, a nurseryman at Hildesheim, Prussia, Germany,
fruiting for the first time in 1854. Tree moderately vigorous,
productive; fruit large, usually attached in pairs, roundish to
pointed-cordate; suture shallow; stem long, slender, inserted in a
rather deep cavity; skin rather tender, glossy, yellowish, streaked and
mottled with red; flesh firm, yellowish, juicy, pleasingly acidulated;
pit medium large, ovate, plump; ripens early in June.
=Krüger Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ill. _Handb._ 67 fig., 68. 1860.
_Krügers schwarze Herzkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 161,
162. 1819.
_Krügers Herzkirsche zu Frankfurt._ =3.= Lond. _Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52.
1831.
_Guigne de Kruger._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 18, 198. 1876. =5.= Mas
_Pom. Gen._ =11:=77, 78, fig. 39. 1882.
This cherry was first heard of at Guben, Prussia, Germany, in 1810. It
is distinguished from Eagle in being larger, shorter stemmed, lighter in
color, and less tender in flesh. Tree vigorous, productive, upright;
fruit large, obtuse-cordate, oblate; suture shallow; stem medium long,
rather deeply inserted; skin dark brown or black; flesh dark red,
juicy, vinous, tender, yet often firm; stone small, roundish-oval,
plump, adhering slightly to the flesh on one side; ripens about the
middle of July.
=La Nappe.= Species? =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59. 1907.
Listed in this reference.
=Lacure (Large).= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.
"The great Lacure or Hart Cherrie differeth not in forme, but in
greatnesse, being usually twice as great as the former [Lacure (Small)],
and of a reddish blacke colour also: both of them are of a firme
substance, and reasonable sweete. Some doe call the white cherrie, the
White hart cherrie."
=Lacure= (=Small=). _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629.
"The smaller Lacure or Hart Cherrie is a reasonable faire Cherrie, full
above, and a little pointing downward, after the fashion of a heart, as
it is usually pointed, blackish when it is full ripe, and lesser than
the next" [Lacure (Large)].
=Ladé Late.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:60.
1900.
_Von Lade's Späte Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Lauche _Ergänzungsband_ 605.
1883.
_Bigarreau Tardif de Ladé._ =3.= _Guide Prat._ 15, 184. 1895.
A German variety probably raised from seed by M. Ladé. Fruit of medium
size, long, cordate, compressed at the stem, roundish at the apex;
suture indistinct; stem long, thin, slightly curved; cavity shallow;
skin yellowish overspread with glossy light red, darker in the sun,
faintly streaked; flesh firm, yellowish, sweet, vinous; excellent; stone
long, oval; ripens in September lasting a month; productive.
=Lady of the Lake.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Country Gent._ =28=:398. 1866-67.
=2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 467. 1869.
Lady of the Lake is a seedling from Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree
vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit medium to large,
roundish-obtuse-conic, compressed, with a shallow suture; stem medium,
inserted in a deep cavity; skin light yellow, shaded and mottled with
bright crimson; flesh half-tender, pale yellow, juicy, sweet, rich;
season according to the climate, early May to late June.
=Lady Southampton.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 85. 1866.
_Lady Southampton's Yellow. =2.= Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831. =3.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 187. 1845.
According to the reference, this is an almost worthless yellow
Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; skin yellow; flesh pale,
firm, rather dry, with uncolored juice, season the middle of July.
=Laeder Kirsebaer.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.
Mentioned but not described.
=Lake.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1909.
Lake was named in honor of Professor E. R. Lake, then of the Oregon
Agricultural College, by the originator, C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook,
Oregon. The tree came into bearing about 1892 and is reported in the
American Pomological Society's fruit list of 1909 as succeeding well in
the northwest. Fruit large, sweet, and very good.
=Laker= or =Loker Bunte Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom.
Gen._ =11=:161. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Lamaurie.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899.
_Early Lamaurie._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 461. 1869. =3.= Wickson
_Cal. Fruits_ 286, 291. 1889.
The chief asset of this variety is its earliness for which it is
cultivated in England, France and America. The parentage and originator
are unknown. Tree of medium vigor and productiveness; fruit large,
roundish-cordate, compressed; stem slender; skin thin, moderately tough;
color dark reddish-purple; flesh dark red, juicy, stringy, tender, mild,
sweet; of very good quality; season very early.
=Lampen Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 204, 205, 676. 1819.
_Lampers Knorpel-Kirsche._ =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.
_Bigarreau noir de Lampé._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.
=4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190. 1876. =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:226
fig., 227, 352. 1877.
A German cherry raised from seed at Guben, Prussia, Germany, in 1810,
and named for its originator. Fruit above medium in size, attached in
twos and threes, obtuse-cordate; stem slender, set in a wide, shallow
cavity; skin thin, rather dark reddish-brown; flesh dark red, rather
firm, juicy, sugary, wine-like; second quality; pit large, oval; ripens
early in June.
=Lancaster.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 163.
1881. =2.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:111. 1900.
Lancaster is an accidental seedling on the grounds of Daniel Smeych,
Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Tree moderately vigorous, more open and
spreading than Early Richmond; fruit medium large, heart-shaped to
oblate, slightly roundish; cavity deep, broad; stem long, slender;
suture very slight; apex small; skin light red, very thin, tender; flesh
white, moderately soft, juicy, sweet with a sprightly flavor; stone
roundish, slightly ovate, partially free; season June.
=Langsurer Prachtweichsel.= Species? =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 59.
1907.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Large Black Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50. 1831.
A medium-sized, firm, black Heart cherry of poor quality, ripening early
in July.
=Large Double Flowering.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thacher _Am. Orch._ 217.
1822. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:111. 1832. =3.= Downing Fr. _Trees
Am._ 199. 1845.
_Merisziere._ =4.= Rea _Flora_ 20. 1676.
_Merise à Fleur Double._ =5.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:157. 1768.
=6.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 53. 1831.
_Kramelkirschenbaum mit gross gefüllter Blüthe._ =7.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._
=1=:4, Tab. 8. 1792.
_Herzkirschenbaum mit grosse gefüllter Blüthe._ =8.= Christ _Handb._
668. 1797.
_Süsskirschenbaum mit ganz gefüllter Blüte._ =9.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 363-370. 1819.
_Gefülltblühende Süsskirsche._ =10.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:18.
1858.
This variety in growth and foliage resembles the Mazzard and Black Heart
and not the common double-flowering cherry with its small tree and
small, pointed leaves. The flowers which appear at the usual season are
produced in the most showy profusion being from one to one and one-half
inches in diameter; they are composed of about forty white petals
disposed in the form of a rose, with about thirty stamens and a large,
abortive pistil. The numerous double flowers, resembling clusters of
small, white roses, make the tree a very useful ornamental.
=Large Griotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:148. 1832.
Large Griotte resembles Griotte Commune but is larger and earlier; skin
glossy black; flesh dark red, firm, sweet, pleasing.
=Large Guindolle.= Species? =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:149, 150. 1832.
Leaves are deeply indented, double-toothed; fruit large, flattened at
the ends, pale red; flesh white, melting, juicy; ripens at the end of
June or beginning of July.
=Large Heart-shaped Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._
=2=:129. 1832. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 199 fig. 1854.
_Bigarreau Gros Monstrueux._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.
_Bigarreau Gros Coeuret._ =4.= _Ibid._ 46. 1831. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 453. 1869.
_Monstrous Heart._ =6.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 78, 87. 1866.
A variety of French origin which was never extensively grown in America.
Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate; suture
often raised; stem variable, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark, glossy
red, nearly black, surface uneven; flesh firm but tender, reddish,
pleasant, moderately juicy; good in quality; stone large, oval; ripens
the first of July.