THE MINOR VARIETIES OF CHERRIES
=À Coeur Hâtive.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Listed in this reference.
=À Feuilles de Pêcher Grosse.= _P. cerasus?_ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc.
Cat._ 49. 1831.
Merely mentioned; probably similar to Willow Leaved.
=Abels Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._
55. 1907.
Mentioned in this reference as a black, hard-fleshed, Sweet Cherry.
=Abundance= _P. avium._ =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 7. 1911-12.
Abundance is one of Burbank's seedlings from Napoleon. The tree is a
heavy, almost annual bearer. The fruit is large, never cracks, and
exceeds the parent in productiveness and beauty; it ripens a week later.
=Abbesse.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 80. 1890.
=2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:284. 1903.
Abbesse was found in North Silesia and is supposed to be a Red Duke
cross. Fruit medium to large, cordate; stem long, thick at the base;
cavity shallow; suture distinct; skin dark red; flesh meaty, with
colored juice, mildly acid; quality good.
=Act Gillos.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 22. 1892-93.
Act Gillos was imported by Leo Weltz of Ohio, in a collection of sweet
varieties said to have come from Bokhara, Turkestan. Tree vigorous;
leaves large; fruit yellow, resembling Cleveland.
=Adams Crown.= _P. avium._ =1.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =1=:45, Pl.
23 fig. 1. 1823. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 275, 277. 1884. =3.=
Mawe-Abercrombie _Comp. Gard._ 632. 1829. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:312 fig., 313. 1877.
_Adams Herzkirsche._ =5.= _Ill. Handb._ 99 fig., 100. 1860. =6.= Mathieu
_Nom. Pom._ 332. 1889.
_Adam._ =7.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:69, 70, fig. 33. 1866-73.
Adams Crown is supposed to have been raised by a man named Adams in the
vicinity of Sittingbourne, Kent, England. It was formerly grown in the
orchards near London for market trade. Tree large, vigorous, usually
productive, bears early; fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate,
flattened at the base, slightly compressed; cavity wide, deep; suture
shallow, indistinct; stem slender, long; skin thin, transparent,
attractive pale red speckled with darker red deepening to carmine,
showing distinctly the fibers underneath; flesh whitish, juicy, tender,
somewhat stringy, sweet, sprightly, pleasant; very good in quality;
stone small, roundish-ovate, flattened at the base, plump; season early.
=Adlington.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 45. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Affane.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 45. 1831.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Afghanistan.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 315. 1897.
=2.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 371. 1899.
This variety is said by Van Lindley to have been introduced into North
Carolina by a missionary from South Africa. The fruit closely resembles
Windsor. Tree tall, spreading, vigorous; fruit large, cordate, often
swollen along the suture giving it an angular appearance; skin dark red
to reddish-black; flesh firm, tender, sweet; ships well; season the last
of May.
=Alaternblättrige Süssweichsel.= _P. avium_, =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:48. 1858.
Fruit medium large, roundish, flattened, with a faint suture; skin
glossy, brownish-red; stem mostly covered with leaves, greenish-yellow;
flesh soft, acidulated; stone heart-shaped.
=Albertine Millet.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.=
_Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
Received from Belgium without description; its value is questioned in
_Guide Pratique._
=Alexandrine Béon.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 332. 1889.
Listed in this reference.
=Alfred Wesmael=. _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876. =2.=
_Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
This variety is similar to Montmorency according to _Guide Pratique_.
=Allen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Storrs & Harrison _Cat._ 137. 1899. =2.= Brown
_Cat._ 23. 1900.
A seedling cherry found in Lake County, Ohio. It is darker, later and
smaller than Windsor. The tree is healthy, very productive; fruit
somewhat heart-shaped, nearly black, glossy, smooth; flesh meaty, firm,
sweet; of small size.
=Allen Late Favourite.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:123.
1832.
Sent to the Prince nursery by Zachariah Allen of Providence, Rhode
Island. The tree is vigorous; fruit of fine quality, juicy, well
flavored; ripens in Rhode Island with Black Mazzard.
=Allerfrüheste Bunte Maiherzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:19. 1858.
Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem long, deeply
set; skin clear red, spotted with dark brown; flesh whitish, sweet;
stone oval; ripens in mid-June.
=Alte Königskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 158. 1791.
=2.= Christ _Handb._ 671. 1797. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 422.
1819.
Tree large, very productive; fruit large, round, slightly heart-shaped;
stem long; skin reddish-black; flesh very delicate, tender, juicy,
sweet, with an aromatic, very pleasing sourness; stone small.
=Altenlander Frühkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ill. _Handb._ 465 fig., 466.
1861. _Cerise précoce d'Altenlaud._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:301. 1866.
This variety is distinguished from Frühe Maiherzkirsche by its fruits
which are larger, deeper in color, sourer and more angular and a few
days later. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate,
sometimes angular; cavity wide, shallow; apex often widely depressed;
stem stout, of medium length; suture shallow; skin glossy, charcoal
black in some spots when fully ripe, rather tough; flesh reddish-black,
tender, very juicy, sweet with a pleasing sourness; stone short, oval;
season early.
=Amaranthkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 277. 1802. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 215-219. 1819. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =3=:28. 1858.
In 1790, this variety was reported to have been brought to Hanover,
Prussia, Germany, from England. Truchsess describes this cherry as
being of medium size, roundish-cordate, with a pronounced suture; stem
short; cavity shallow; apex abruptly rounded; skin red on the sunny
side, yellowish, flesh-colored on the shady side; flesh tender, light
yellowish-white, juicy, sweet yet without excellence; stone round,
rather broad, not long, nearly free; unproductive.
=Amarelle Hâtive.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =17=:6 fig.
1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 24. 1899. =3.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._
=12=:110. 1900. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 27. 1909.
This variety was imported by Professor J. L. Budd of Iowa, in 1885. It
resembles Early Richmond but ripens ten days later. It appeared on the
fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1899 and in 1909
Morello Hâtive was given as a synonym. This variety, however, is of the
Amarelle type while Morello Hâtive is a true Morello.
=Amarelle mit Weissem Stempelpunct.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 655, 656. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:70.
1858.
_Amarelle à point pistillaire blanc._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159.
1882.
According to Truchsess, this variety was first mentioned by Christ as
early as 1795, under the name, Roque Cherydere. Fruit of medium size,
roundish, flattened; stem short; skin dark red; flesh white, with
colorless juice, although a glistening red when pressed out, subacid;
season early; medium productive; resembles Bunte Amarelle.
=Amber.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 272. 1832.
This variety was found in an old garden in Providence, Rhode Island.
Fruit below medium in size, perfectly round; amber, delicate red towards
the sun; flesh melting, lively, very sweet; early.
=Amber Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 168. 1845. =2.=
_Gard. Chron._ 1068. 1861. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 277. 1884.
_Amber_? =4.= Rea _Flora_ 206. 1676.
_Late Amber Gean._ =5.= Fish _Hardy-Fr. Bk._ =2=:105. 1882.
This is probably the Amber of the old English writers--an attractive,
small Gean or Mazzard. Tree bears abundantly; fruit small,
obtuse-cordate, usually regular; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted;
skin very thin, pellucid, exhibiting the texture of the flesh, pale
yellow or amber, tinged with delicate red; flesh white, tender, juicy,
melting, with a rich, sweet, pleasant flavor; ripens the last of July.
=Ambrée de Guben.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:118,
119, 303. 1866. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:99, 100, fig. 48. 1866-73.
_Gubener Bernsteinkirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 342,
685. 1819. =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:42. 1858.
This variety resembles Yellow Spanish; in fact the name is listed as a
synonym of Yellow Spanish by Mortillet. We feel sure, however, that it
is a distinct variety. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, truncate at the
base; suture shallow; stem long; cavity wide, shallow; skin glossy, pale
yellow washed with carmine in the sun; flesh firm, fibrous, sweet, with
a sourness that disappears if allowed to remain on the tree; quality
good; stone oval, slightly flattened at the base; ripens the first of
July in France.
=American Amber.= _P. avium._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 272. 1832. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 167. 1845. =3.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass't_ Pt.
=3=:54. 1847. =4.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 359. 1849. =5.= Elliott _Fr.
Book_ 214. 1854. =6.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862.
This variety was introduced some time previous to 1832 by the
originator, Daniel Bloodgood, Flushing, New York. It held a place on the
American Pomological Society's list of fruits from 1862 until 1869. It
resembles American Heart but differs in being a tender-fleshed fruit of
regular outline. Tree productive; fruit hanging in bunches for a long
time without rotting. Fruit borne in threes or fours, hangs well, of
medium size, roundish-cordate often nearly round; stem long, slender,
inserted in a slight, narrow cavity; skin very thin, smooth, glossy,
clear, light amber becoming mottled and overspread with clear bright
red; flesh amber, tender, sprightly, juicy, usually of only fair
quality; pit large; season the last of June to the middle of July.
=American Heart=. _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:202. 1843. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 178, 179 fig. 70. 1845. =3.= Bridgeman _Gard.
Ass't_ Pt. =3=:54. 1847.
According to Downing, this variety came from Long Island but its exact
origin is unknown. Tree vigorous, spreading, variable in productiveness;
fruit medium to large, cordate, often nearly angular and irregular in
outline; cavity small, shallow; stem long, slender; skin tough, adhering
to the pulp, pale yellow or amber-red; flesh very juicy, yellowish,
half-tender, sweet, pleasant; very good in quality; stone medium in
size.
=Amos Owen.= _P. avium._ =1.= _N. C. Sta. Bul._ =184=:121. 1903.
Amos Owen is a black Mazzard used by nurserymen as a stock for grafting.
The fruit is small and black; of poor quality.
=Andrews.= Species? =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 187. 1908.
Andrews is a seedling named after C. N. Andrews, Redlands, California,
who fruited it in 1896. It is grown in the mountain valley near Redlands
and is apparently a fine shipping variety.
=Anne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 204. 1854. =2.= Downing Fr.
_Trees Am._ 254. 1857.
This cherry is reported by Charles Downing to have originated at
Lexington, Kentucky; distributed by A. V. Bedford, Paris, Kentucky. Tree
moderate in growth; fruit of medium size, bright red; flesh tender,
juicy, very sweet; quality excellent; early.
=Annonay.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 28. 1882. =2.= Rivers _Cat._
18. 1898-99. =3.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 43. 1904.
_Annonayer Herzkirsche._ =4.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.
A Heart cherry mentioned in 1882 as a promising new fruit because of its
extreme earliness and excellent quality. This variety, introduced by
Thomas Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, England, should not be confused
with an older French sort often known by the same name but of a
reddish-brown color. Tree moderate in growth; fruit glossy, black,
round, of medium size, produced in clusters; flesh charcoal-black, very
rich in flavor.
=Anstad.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 17. 1908.
A seedling from seeds planted in 1898 by A. P. Anstad, Trail, British
Columbia. The fruit is large, heart-shaped; cavity of medium depth and
width; stem long, slender; apex depressed; suture indistinct; skin
moderately thick, tender, dark red or blackish; dots obscure; flesh
dull red, meaty, juicy, sweet, pleasant; quality good; stone of medium
size, clinging; season in Ontario, the end of July.
=Argental Late.= _P. avium._ =1.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 325. 1851. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 451. 1869.
Downing says this variety is of French origin and that the fruit is
unlike any other cherry in form. Tree spreading; branches slender,
irregular; fruit of medium size, elongated-oval, sides compressed;
suture narrow; stem medium in length, slender; cavity small; skin deep
purplish-black; flesh half-tender, juicy, sweet, of peculiar flavor;
quality very good; stone small, narrow, elongated-oval; ripens about
July 10th.
=Auburn Duke=. _P. avium × P. cerasus._
A stray variety not mentioned in cherry literature, occasionally grown
in western New York. The fruit, on the Station grounds, is above medium
size, roundish; skin glossy, amber-yellow with a dark red cheek, often
wholly suffused with red, sometimes mottled with translucent spots
underneath the skin; suture a distinct line; stem slender, one and
one-half inches long, inserted in a broad cavity; flesh white, very
tender, juicy, nearly sweet; quality good but not rich; stone small,
adhering to the stem; season late June. The fruit cracks in wet weather.
=August Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Cultivator_ 3rd Ser.
=1=:248 fig., 249. 1853.
_Vail's August Duke._ =2.= _Horticulturist_ =4=:264 fig., 265. 1849-50.
=3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 213. 1854.
This variety originated with Henry Vail of Troy, New York. It is valued
for its lateness, maturing three weeks after Downer, generally about the
tenth of August. Tree hardy, healthy, moderate in growth; fruit borne in
pairs, hanging in thick clusters along the branches, of medium size,
obtuse-cordate; stem of medium length, thickening where it joins the
fruit, set in a deep, narrow cavity; skin bright red; flesh tender,
subacid, much like May Duke in flavor; pit oval.
=Augustine de Vigny=. Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 333. 1889. =2.=
_Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 54. 1856.
Mentioned in the references given.
=Aurischotte.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
589-591. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:65. 1858.
According to Truchsess, this cherry was described in 1802 by Christ who
states that it originated in Wanfred, Prussia, Germany. Truchsess
believed, however, that the name was a corruption of Sauriotte, a sour
or Weichsel cherry. Fruit round, somewhat flattened, above medium in
size; suture indistinct; apex slightly depressed, gray; stem strong;
skin dark red; flesh and juice of a slight reddish cast, sour, rather
repulsive; stone large.
=Badacsony.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:31. 1899. =2.=
_Ibid._ =187=:62. 1901.
_Géanie de Badacson._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27, 194. 1876.
_Badacsoner Riesenkirsche._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 333. 1889.
_Badacconyi._ =5.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:198. 1899.
_Badacsoner Schwarze Riesenkirsche._ =6.= _Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift_
122. 1910.
_Badacsonyer Knorpelkirsche._ =7.= _Obstzüchter_ =8=:74. 1910.
A strong-growing variety of the Bigarreau group which originated in the
volcanic regions near Balaton Lake, Hungary. Tree spreading, productive,
subject to shot-hole fungus; fruit very large, heart-shaped, compressed;
stem long, slender; cavity deep, wide; skin dark red, mottled with
purple; flesh crisp, breaking, pinkish, juicy, sweet; quality good;
ripens in July.
=Baender.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =88=:20. 1892. =2.=
_Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:12. 1910.
An unproductive Morello. Tree medium in size, upright, round-topped;
fruit medium to large, round, flattened; stem stout, long; skin dark
red, thin, tender; flesh firm, meaty, slightly stained, rich acid; stone
long, smooth; ripens the last of July in Washington.
=Baltavar.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 39. 1895. =2.=
Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:284. 1903.
_Bigarreau monstreux de Baltava._ =3.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.
_Baltavari._ =4.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:199. 1899.
_Baltavaer Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ =55.= 1907.
Baltavar was introduced from Hungary by the United States Department of
Agriculture. Tree upright, somewhat spreading; fruit resembles Napoleon
in size and shape; cavity medium in depth, irregular, flaring; stem
variable, slender; suture shallow; skin thick, glossy, light red
changing to dark crimson on a yellow ground; dots numerous, minute,
golden; flesh melting, yellowish, meaty, translucent, juicy, sprightly,
mild subacid; quality good to very good; stone large, long, clinging;
ripens the forepart of July.
=Baluder Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:189. 1897.
Tree upright, unproductive; fruit medium to large; stem slender; skin
dull red, tough; flesh red, tender, juicy, acid, lacking in richness;
ripens unevenly about June 18th; not a commercial variety.
=Barnhart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =18=:242. 1876. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 161. 1881.
This variety originated with Louis Shepler, Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania.
Tree healthy, vigorous, bears abundantly; fruit of the Bigarreau type,
large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity large, deep; stem
rather long, slender; suture shallow; skin whitish-yellow, shaded and
mottled with light and dark, rich red; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, with a
rich, rather sprightly flavor; ripens the last of June.
=Baseler Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876.
A medium-sized cherry of little value.
=Bates.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Green _Cat._ 28 fig. 1906.
Said to have originated with S. J. Bates, Shelby, Michigan; introduced
by C. A. Green, Rochester, New York; not propagated at present. As grown
on our grounds it is identical with Olivet but our trees may not be
correctly named.
=Bay State.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Adams _Cat._ 11. 1894. =2.= Sweet _Cat._
18. 1907.
Bay State on the Station grounds resembles Reine Hortense and may be
identical. (See description of Reine Hortense.) In 1894 it was listed by
J. W. Adams of Springfield, Massachusetts, under the name Bay State and
in 1907 was offered for sale by The George A. Sweet Nursery Company of
Dansville, New York.
=Baylor.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Bedford Prolific.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.=
_Flor. & Pom._ 41, Pl. fig. 1. 1882.
Bedford Prolific is similar to its parent, Black Tartarian, but has the
advantage of being much hardier and more productive. It is inferior in
quality to its parent. Many writers confuse it with Black Tartarian.
=Belle Audigeoise.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_
=5=:65, Pl. 1857.
_Schöne Audigeoise._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376. 1889.
Very similar to Choisy. Tree vigorous, but moderately productive; fruit
large, roundish, flattened at the ends; stem of medium length; cavity
large, round; skin glossy, transparent, almost entirely washed with red
at complete maturity; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, acidulated; ripens
in France late in July.
=Belle Bosc.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 45. 1831.
Listed in the reference given.
=Belle de Boskoop.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Listed in this reference without description.
=Belle de Caux.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
Listed as similar to Duchess de Palluau.
=Belle de Couchey.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 412. 1866. 2. Mas
_Pom. Gen._ =11=:137, 138, fig. 69. 1882.
_Schöne von Couchey._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.
Raton, a laborer, found this variety in 1715, growing in a garden in
Cote d'Or, France. Here and in the surrounding country it was commonly
known as Cerise Raton. Tree vigorous, abundantly productive; fruit
large, heart-shaped, irregular, often flattened; stem long, slender,
inserted in a large, deep cavity; apex conical; skin tender, at first
clear purple changing to blackish-purple; flesh tender, rather
succulent, intense purple, juicy, sweet, sugary, very pleasing; stone
small for the size of the fruit, ovate, short, broad, turgid; ripens the
last of June. In France, one of the best fruits of the season standing
shipment well notwithstanding its tender flesh.
=Belle Defay.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889.
Listed without a description in this reference.
=Belle de Franconville.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 463. 1891. =2.=
_Ibid._ 14, 15 fig. 1892.
This variety is a chance seedling found in the forests of Seine-et-Oise,
France, and propagated by M. Arthur Nienard, a nurseryman of the same
place. The variety is valued for its lateness and its good shipping
qualities. Fruit elongated-cordate, slightly depressed; suture rather
deep; cavity rather large, regular; stem slender, long; skin glossy,
brilliant purplish-red, firm; flesh clear yellow, rather transparent,
juicy, sprightly yet sugary, agreeable but slightly strong; pit oblong,
tapering at the top, truncate, partly adherent; season late September in
France.
=Belle l'Herissier.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 470, Pl. 1875.
This cherry was raised from seed in 1865 by M. Doublet, horticulturist
at Montrichard, Loir-et-Cher, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit
large, usually borne in clusters, depressed on the side, with a faint
suture; stem very long, slender, adhering strongly to the pit; skin a
brilliant red but never black; flesh pale red, juicy, sweet, slightly
sprightly; quality very good; pit irregular, very small, elongated;
ripens the middle of June in France.
=Belle de Kis-Oers.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.
=2.= _Guide Prat._ 13. 1895.
This is a Hungarian cherry. Fruit of medium size, elongated, marbled
with red; flesh white, sugary; in France it ripens the middle of July.
=Belle de Loche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25,
187. 1876.
This name is wrongly used as a synonym of Magnifique. Distributed by
Jacquement-Bonnefont, nurseryman at Annonay, Ardèche, France, who
described it as a very good, large, productive fruit, ripening in June.
=Belle d'Orleans.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:358, 540 fig.
1850. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 211. 1856. =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:84, 85 fig., 86. 1866. =4.= _Leroy Dict. Pom._ =5=:314 fig., 315.
1877.
_Beauty of Orleans._ =5.= _Ill. Handb._ 15 fig., 16. 1867. =6.= _Can.
Exp. Farms Rpt._ 415. 1899.
_Belle de Bruxelles._ =7.= _Guide Prat._ 10, 17, 181. 1895.
Some writers state that Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England,
originated this variety about 1852; others hold that it is of French
origin. Tree large, very vigorous, productive; fruit usually attached in
pairs, medium to above in size, roundish-oval or often cordate; stem
medium in length, rather slender; skin transparent, clear pale yellow
with a light red cheek, occasionally slightly mottled; flesh pale amber,
juicy, tender, sweet; good in quality; stone large, roundish-obovate;
season early.
=Belle de Ribeaucourt.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:269. 1854.
=2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ 2:181, 210. 1866. 3. Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:170 fig., 171. 1877.
_Schöne von Ribeaucourt._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 335, 377. 1889.
This variety probably originated in Northern France. Fruit globular,
flattened at the ends, large, usually borne in twos; stem long; cavity
large, deep; skin transparent, red, more intense in the sun; flesh
yellow, rose-colored under the skin, sweet, juicy, acidulated; pit
small, oval, round; ripens about the middle of June.
=Belle de Rochelle.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 1068. 1861.
Mentioned as remarkable for its size, its abundant juice and rich flavor
which are said to make it one of the best fruits of its season. Its long
stems facilitate picking.
=Belle de Rocmont.= _P. avium_ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:167,
168. 1768.
_Glanzende goldgelb und roth marmorirte Kramelkirsche._ =2.= Kraft Pom.
Aust. =1=:3, Tab. 5 fig. 2. 1792.
_Schöne von Rocmont._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 311-316. 1819.
_Pigeon's Heart._ =4.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828.
_Bigarreau belle de Rocmond._ =5.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.
_Coeur de Pigeon Gros._ =6.= _Ibid._ 48. 1831.
_Pigeon Heart Bigarreau._ =7.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:127. 1832.
_Bigarreau de Rocmont._ =8.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 6, Pl. 1846.
_Rocmonter Marmorkirsche._ =9.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:39. 1858.
_Rothe Spanische Marmorkirsche._ =10.= _Ibid._ 39, 40. 1858.
Belle de Rocmont is so similar to Yellow Spanish that some writers
consider them the same. If not the same they are so nearly so that a
description of this variety is unnecessary.
=Belle de Saint Tronc.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27. 1876.
=2.= _Flor. & Pom._ 117. 1878. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334, 359. 1889.
This Heart cherry was introduced in 1873 by M. Antonie, Marseilles,
Bouches-du-Rhône, France. It is described by the French as a
brownish-black cherry but Rivers lists it as a light red sort. Fruit
cordate; stem short; brownish-black; flesh deep red, juicy; first
quality; early; productive.
=Belle Vezzouris.= Species? =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 278. 1857. =2.=
Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 664. 1897.
A medium to large, light red, somewhat transparent cherry with a subacid
flavor; quality good; ripens with Downer.
=Belle de Voisery.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889. =2.=
_Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
Similar to Duchesse de Palluau according to _Guide Pratique._
=Bender= (of Michigan). _P. cerasus._ =1.= Wood _Cat._ 32. 1912.
This is a seedling found by a man named Bender near Shelby, Michigan. It
ripens between Early Richmond and Montmorency, surpassing the latter in
size, color and quality; sour.
=Bender= (of New York). _P. avium × P. cerasus._
_Marguerite._ =1.= McKay _Cat._ 7. 1912.
This variety is an accidental seedling found by J. O. Bender,
Fayetteville, New York, about 1875. It is a late cherry of the Duke
group. The fruit is attractive both in size and color, making a valuable
market sort. Fruit roundish-cordate to oblate, compressed; cavity
medium, flaring; suture very shallow; stem slender, above medium in
length; skin of medium thickness and toughness, separating from the
pulp, light red, yellowish on the shaded side; flesh pale yellow,
somewhat coarse and stringy, tender, melting, subacid, juicy; good in
quality; stone large, slightly clinging along the ventral suture. Very
similar to Late Duke.
=Berlin Amarelle.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 549. 1901.
A vigorous variety received from L. Spath, Berlin, Germany. Fruit medium
to large, oval; skin glossy red; flesh tender, juicy, pleasingly acid;
season from the middle to the last of July in Canada.
=Bernard.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Am. Hort. An._ 88. 1869.
Described by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, as a seedling of the Morello
group. Tree vigorous, pyramidal in growth; fruit the size, shape, color
and flavor of English Morello but with a smaller pit.
=Bettenburger Glaskirsche.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 445, 446, 689. 1819. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 171 fig., 172.
1860.
_Transparent de Bettenburg._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:77, 78, fig. 37.
1866-73.
_Belle Allemande._ =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.
Truchsess, a German, grew this variety from a stone of the Prager
Muscateller, in 1794. The tree has a close growth and with its large,
wide leaves is easily recognized from other light Duke cherries. The
fruit is often confused with Double Glass but the color is darker, the
stem longer and thicker, the flavor sweeter, and the season from eight
to ten days later. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit large, cordate,
rather obtuse, with a pronounced suture extending into the cavity; stem
long, set in a smooth, shallow cavity; skin tough, clear purple changing
to dark red; flesh yellowish-white, transparent, juicy, not colored
unless well ripened, sweetish-sour, slightly aromatic; stone of medium
size, globular, plump, truncate at the base; season late.
=Bettenburger Herzkirsche.= _P. avium_. =1.= _Ill. Handb_. 65 fig., 66.
1860.
_Bettenburger Schwarze Herzkirsche._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
115, 116. 1819.
_Guigne de Bettenbourg._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.
This variety is a seedling of a worthless black Heart cherry, raised by
Truchsess in 1794. Fruit very large, flattened, heart-shaped, sides
compressed; stem short, set in a shallow cavity; apex slightly
depressed; skin tough, deep dark-brown with light spots. turning black
when ripe; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet; stone almost small, plump,
roundish; season the last of June in Germany.
=Bettenburger Kirsche von der Natte.= _P. cerasus_. =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 507-511. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:61.
1858.
A variety received by Truchsess as Kirsche von der Natte and
disseminated by him as such. After a few years he found that it was not
true to name and to avoid further confusion added the word Bettenburger.
Fruit large, roundish, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem
short, slender, shallowly inserted; skin tough, dull, dark brown,
inclined to black; flesh dark red, juicy, aromatic, subacid; stone not
large, plump; ripens the middle of July in Germany.
=Bettenburger Weichsel.= _P. cerasus_. =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:62, 63. 1858.
_Bettenburger Weichsel Grosser Gobet_. =2.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 521, 522, 523. 1819.
_Bettenburger Weichsel von der Natte_. =3.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit_. 171.
1825.
_Griotte de Bettenbourg_. =4.= Thomas _Guide Prat_. 22, 194. 1876.
This German variety came from seeds of Grosse Gobet planted by Truchsess
in 1794. Fruit very large, sides compressed; skin tough, dark
brownish-red; flesh and juice dark, pleasingly sour, improves if left on
the tree; stone large, cordate, pointed.
=Bicolor Van Mons.= Species? =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:99, 208.
1866.
Fruit medium in size, slightly elongated; attractively variegated with
red; of mediocre quality; matures the last fortnight of June.
=Bigarreau Abbesse de Mouland.= _P. avium_. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom_.
334. 1889.
Listed in the reference given.
=Bigarreau Antoine Nomblot.= _P. avium_. =1.= _Rev. Hort_. 569, 570, Pl.
1912.
In 1903, Alfred Nomblot planted what he believed to be a seed of
Bigarreau Dönnissen but the resulting tree in many of its characters
resembled Bigarreau Noir de Kruger which stood near the supposed parent.
A cross between these varieties might result in a dark fruit similar to
this. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive; fruit above medium in
size, cordate, attached in ones, twos and threes; stem long; skin
marbled with purple changing to black; flesh firm, sugary, juicy, high
flavored; pit small, ovoid; early. Recommended by the Société
Pomologique de France as a good, early cherry.
=Bigarreau Blanc Précoce.= _P. avium. 1._ Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:144.
1882.
A short description of the tree-characters is given in this reference.
=Bigarreau Blanc-Rosé de Piémont.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._
22. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
Matures late; according to _Guide Pratique_, 1895, it is very similar to
Napoleon.
=Bigarreau Bordan.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:183, 184
fig. 1877.
_Bordans frühe weisse Herzkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:27. 1858.
_Bordans Herzkirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 97 fig., 98. 1860. =4.= Thomas
_Guide Prat._ 18, 197. 1876.
_Guigne Blanche de Bordan._ =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:97, 98,
208. 1866.
This variety was raised by M. Bordan of Guben, Prussia, Germany, and was
first described by Oberdieck. Leroy lists it as a Bigarreau as he
believes the flesh is too firm for a Guigne as many Germans have
described it. Tree hardy, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs,
elongated-cordate, sides and base often compressed; suture shallow; stem
long, slender, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, yellowish,
spotted and streaked with red, becoming almost entirely washed with red
in the sun; flesh tender, whitish, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated,
pleasing; stone medium, oval, turgid; season early.
=Bigarreau de Bourget.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 335. 1889.
Listed without a description by Mathieu.
=Bigarreau Brun.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35. 1771.
Not described.
=Bigarreau de Capucins.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =19=:255.
1883.
_Kapuziner Knorpel._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 364. 1889.
This variety is little known out of Belgium. Tree vigorous, productive;
fruit large, obtuse-oblong, regular, depressed at the ends; skin
amber-yellow, blushed with red; flesh white, crisp, juicy.
=Bigarreau de la Caserne.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 663. 1866.
According to the reference this variety is spoken of in _La Belgique
Horticole_ as a variety with prodigious leaves, yellow fruit dashed with
red and of good quality.
=Bigarreau Cayenne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876.
=2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:186 fig. 1877.
_Cayenner Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.
This variety was received by Leroy in 1857 from Angouleme, Charente,
France. Fruit generally borne in pairs; of medium size, oval, somewhat
cylindrical, compressed at the extremities, with a large, rather deep
suture; apex generally prominent; stem long; cavity broad and regular;
skin thick, yellow, washed with pale red changing to lively red in the
sun; flesh yellowish, firm, brittle, juicy, sweet, slightly sugary and
aromatic; pit large, oval, slightly convex; ripens the last of June to
the first of July.
=Bigarreau de Châlons.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:131, 132, 209. 1866.
A local variety, widely known in the departments of Jura and
Saône-et-Loire, France, as Châlonnaise. Fruit large, roundish-cordate,
depressed at the base, one face flattened, the other bulged; suture
slight; stem short; skin a deep purple tint in the sun, spotted with
clear red in the shade; flesh white or of a slight rose color, with
uncolored juice, sugary, aromatic; pit small; season the middle of June.
=Bigarreau de Champvans.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 27.
1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
This is an excellent cherry of the Bigarreau type with colored juice and
transparent skin, which originated in the department of Saône-et-Loire,
France; said in the second reference to be similar to Napoleon.
=Bigarreau Corniola.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:191, 192
fig. 1877.
The name Corniola is derived from cornaline, the French for cornelian.
Tree medium in size and productiveness; fruit attached in twos or
threes, large, roundish, slightly compressed at the ends and faces;
suture deep; stem short, set in a rather deep cavity; skin
whitish-yellow, largely washed with rose color and spotted with deep
carmine; flesh yellowish, firm, not fibrous, juicy, sugary, slightly
acidulated; first quality; season early June.
=Bigarreau Court Picout Hâtif.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:159. 1882.
Listed in this reference.
=Bigarreau Court Picout Tardif.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:159. 1882.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Bigarreau Dönnissen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 16, 189.
1876.
_Dönnissens gelbe Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 162.
1825. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:44. 1858. =4.= _Ill. Handb._
145 fig., 146. 1860.
_Bigarreau jaune de Dönissen._ =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:304.
1866.
This variety is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, named for the
originator; it fruited first about 1824. Tree vigorous, productive;
fruit attached in twos, sometimes threes, large, roundish-cordate;
suture slight; stem long, rather stout; cavity broad, shallow; skin
glossy, transparent, yellowish-orange when ripe; flesh whitish, firm,
slightly fibrous, moderately juicy, sugary, pleasingly acidulated; first
quality; pit large, ovoid, plump; ripens the last of June to the first
of July.
=Bigarreau Doré.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876. =2.=
_Guide Prat._ 15. 1895.
Fruit yellow, round.
=Bigarreau Double Royale.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:195
fig., 196. 1877.
_Königliche Fleischkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:34.
1858.
_Königliche Herzkirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 467 fig., 468. 1861.
_Guigne Royale._ =4.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:301. 1866.
The fact that Oberdieck received this variety from the Société Horticole
de Prague under the French name Double Royale leads us to believe, as
does Leroy, that it is of French rather than of Austrian origin as many
German writers hold. Tree vigorous; fruit usually borne in pairs, large,
cordate, rather abrupt at the ends; stem long, slender; cavity shallow;
suture almost indistinct; skin glossy, reddish-brown to nearly black;
flesh moderately tender, red, juicy, vinous, sweet; quality very good;
pit small, ovoid, turgid; ripens about the middle of June.
=Bigarreau Dur.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 46. 1831.
Listed in this reference without description.
=Bigarreau Duranno.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:191. 1877.
This variety is first mentioned by Leroy in 1868, appearing in his
catalog of 1875 incorrectly as Bigarreau Duracino. The trees are used
for stocks. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven; suture narrow; stem
long, slender; skin deep red in the sun; flesh firm, dry, acidulated,
sugary; matures early in July.
=Bigarreau Galopin.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Bigarreau Glady.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:206 fig.
1877.
This variety was sent from the Jumard nursery about 1850 to Eugène
Glady, Bordeaux, France. Fruit above medium in size, cordate, elongated;
stem of medium length, set in a straight, deep cavity; skin
brownish-red, striped with carmine; flesh a light rose color, firm,
crisp, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; pit of medium
size; ripens the first of June.
=Bigarreau Grand.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Pom. France_ =7=:No. 13, Pl. 13.
1871. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 15. 1895.
This cherry was introduced into the vicinity of Lyons, France, in 1849
by M. Grand who probably brought it from his nurseries in Italy. It has
many characters in common with Lyons. Tree moderately vigorous,
productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, truncate at the base; suture
wide, deep; stem medium, straight, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin
thin, smooth, changing from a whitish-green to a rose-red and later to a
deep crimson; flesh fine, half-tender, rose-colored, lighter near pit,
with pale juice, sugary, aromatic; good; pit large, oval; season very
early.
=Bigarreau Groll.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 135 fig., 136. 1860.
=2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:207 fig., 208. 1877.
_Grolls bunte Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 328,
329. 1819.
_Bigarreau blanc de Groll._ =4.= _Guide Prat._ 17, 182. 1895.
This seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, bearing the name of its
originator, has been known and rather widely written about since early
in the Nineteenth Century. Tree of moderate vigor; fruit generally borne
in pairs, large, cordate, truncate at the base; sides compressed and
marked by a suture; stem long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin red,
becoming darker, spotted and streaked; flesh yellowish, somewhat firm,
juicy, aromatic; first quality; stone large, oval; ripens in June and
hangs for a long time.
=Bigarreau Gros Noir de Luther.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._
22. 1876.
Listed in the reference given.
=Bigarreau Hâtif de Champagne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._
27. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
Found at Champagne, Ain, France, and introduced in 1873 by M. Fandon.
The tree is an erect, vigorous grower; fruit large, brownish-black,
ripening two weeks before Lyons; of little value.
=Bigarreau Hâtif de Saint-Laud.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:107, 108, fig. 54. 1882. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 337. 1889.
Fruit large, cordate, slightly irregular in outline; stem rather short,
set in a wide, round cavity; skin clear red, striped with deeper red
changing to purple; flesh rather tender, tinged red, with abundant
colored juice, sugary, vinous; good; pit small, ovoid, slightly
compressed; matures the middle of June.
=Bigarreau d'Italie.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:102-104, 219, fig. 21. 1866. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:211, 212
fig. 1877.
_Bohemian Black Bigarreau._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 76, 94. 1866.
_Black Bohemian._ =4.= Fish _Hardy-Fr. Bk._ =2=:104. 1882.
This old variety was much esteemed by the Italians and later by the
Belgians who grew it as early as 1815; it is of more recent introduction
into France and England. It is sometimes confused with the Florence of
Hogg and Downing. Fruit roundish, slightly heart-shaped, flattened at
both ends; suture distinct; stem thick, short, inserted in an acute,
deep cavity; skin firm, thick, glossy, very deep purple changing to
black; flesh firm, dark, juicy, sugary, aromatic; pit medium,
roundish-oval, convex, suture and grooves prominent; season the last two
weeks of June.
=Bigarreau Jacquet.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 337. 1889.
Listed in this reference.
=Bigarreau Jumard.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict Pom._ =5=: 206. 1877.
Mentioned as having been received by Eugène Glady, Bordeaux, Gironde,
France, in a shipment of trees received about 1850 from the Jumard
nursery.
=Bigarreau Krüger.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:215, 216
fig. 1877.
_Bigarreau noir de Krüger._ =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22, 190. 1876.
_Krüger's Schwarze Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 366. 1889.
This variety was introduced into France by M. Eugène Glady, 1858, from
Guben, Prussia, Germany, and is thought to have been originated by one
of the Krüger family. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large to above,
cordate, more or less roundish, faces compressed; suture wide; stem
long, slender, set in a large cavity; skin yellowish-white, mingled with
red, changing to brownish; flesh pale yellow, rather firm, slightly
fibrous, juicy, sweet though sprightly; pit large, elongated-oval, flat;
ripens toward the middle of June.
=Bigarreau Legrey.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 74. 1866.
A small, cordate-shaped Bigarreau, more curious than useful.
=Bigarreau de Lory.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
205. 1819.
_Bigarreau de Loire._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Mentioned as a medium-sized, dark brownish-red, firm-fleshed fruit.
=Bigarreau Marjolet.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Guide Prat._ 7. 1895.
_Guigne Marjolet._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:135, 136, fig. 68. 1882.
=3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 360. 1889.
_Bigarreau Marjeollais._ =4.= _Ibid._ 337. 1889.
_Marjolets Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 57. 1907.
The descriptions of the Guigne Marjolet and the Bigarreau Marjolet are
identical and we have combined the two. The variety was named after its
originator, M. Marjolet; tree vigorous, productive; fruit large,
roundish-cordate, dark red; flesh tender, red, vinous, pleasing; ripens
the middle of June.
=Bigarreau Mongin.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 482. 1904.
Tree of medium growth; fruit medium in size, cordate; stem long,
inserted in a deep cavity; skin clear yellow blushed with red; flesh
yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; ripens in July in
Canada.
=Bigarreau Monstreuse de Bavay.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._
235. 1854.
Spoken of, in 1854, as promising but evidently it has been discarded as
no reference has been made to it since that date. It may be Reine
Hortense.
=Bigarreau Moreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 552, 553, Pl. 1913.
This cherry recently originated as a chance seedling near Lyons, France,
several persons claiming the honor of its discovery. Its value was
discussed at the meetings of the Société Pomologique de France in 1909
and 1911 when it was adjudged by leading French pomologists to be one of
the earliest of all varieties, earlier than Lyons, and showing high
commercial possibilities. Tree handsome in type of growth, with open,
somewhat erect branches; leaves large, deeply serrate; fruit very large;
color beautiful clear red becoming darker at maturity; flesh white,
breaking, very firm, with uncolored juice, sweet, very refreshing; stone
medium to small; season in France very early.
=Bigarreau Napoléon Noir.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22.
1876.
_Bigarreau Noir Napoléon III._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:227 fig.,
228. 1877.
_Napoléon Noir._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 307. 1884.
_Herzkirsche Napoléon III._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 362. 1889.
The origin of this cherry is uncertain. Leroy first noted it in the
Simon-Louis catalog in 1867. To avoid confusion with the well-known
Napoleon, he added the number III. Fruit usually attached in pairs,
large, varying from elongated-oval to cylindrical; stem long, set in a
large cavity; color dull red changing to deep maroon; flesh
rose-colored, moderately firm, very juicy, sweet; ripens the last of
June.
=Bigarreau Noir d'Ecully.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 338.
1889. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 522. 1906.
_Ecullyer Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.
Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, black at maturity;
flesh firm, crisp, dark, vinous, sugary, juicy, good; late.
=Bigarreau Noir à Gros Fruits.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Le Bon Jard._ 345.
1882.
Fruit large, flattened; flesh firm, sweet; first quality; ripens early
in June.
=Bigarreau Noir de Heintzen.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22,
190. 1876.
_Heintzen's (Heintze's) Schwarze Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom.
Pom._ 362. 1889.
This is said to be a very good and productive cherry ripening in the
fifth week of the cherry season.
=Bigarreau Noir de Tabor.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 19,
190. 1876.
_Tabors schwarze Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 79 fig., 80. 1860.
Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, cordate, often obtuse;
sides compressed; suture but a line; stem medium long; cavity variable;
skin glossy, dark reddish-brown; flesh firm, dark red, sweet, rich;
stone small, roundish; ripens the last of June.
=Bigarreau d'Octobre.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 243. 1858.
_Oktober-Knorpelkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:38. 1858.
This variety was refused a place on the American Pomological Society's
fruit list in 1858. Fruit small, oval to roundish-cordate, flattened at
the cavity; stem short; skin black, glossy; stone large, oval; good.
=Bigarreau de l'Once.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190.
1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:5, 6, fig. 3. 1882.
It is thought that this variety originated in the vicinity of Nice,
Alpes-Maritimes, France. Fruit very large, elongated-cordate; suture
distinct on one side, a colored line on the other side; stem very long,
slender; cavity deep, large; skin a clear cherry-red on a yellow ground;
flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, sweet, refreshing, with abundant,
uncolored juice; quality good; pit large; season the first of July.
=Bigarreau Pourpré.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190.
1876.
_Gros Bigarreau pourpré._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:212, 215,
218. 1866.
Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish-cordate; skin deep reddish-brown;
flesh firm, good; ripens early in July.
=Bigarreau Printanier d'Oullins.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=11=:159. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Bigarreau Reverchon.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:133.
1866. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:235 fig., 382. 1877. =3.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 285. 1884.
M. Paul Reverchon introduced this variety about 1855, into France from
Italy, where it had long been known about Florence as Bigarreau Papal.
Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit attached in ones or twos,
large, obtuse-cordate, marked distinctly on one side by the suture; stem
thick, short, set in a prominent cavity; skin smooth, glossy, tough,
rose-yellow streaked with purple in the sun and with red in the shade;
flesh light red, crisp, fibrous, moderately juicy, rather sweet; pit
small, ovoid, plump; season the last of June to the first of July.
=Bigarreau Richelieu.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:235, 236
fig. 1877.
This variety, says Leroy, was introduced into France from
Nikita, Crimea, Russia, about 1858. Fruit borne in pairs, large,
elongated-cordate, with one side flattened; stem long, inserted in a
small mamelonated cavity; skin glossy, yellowish-amber, with a
rose-colored blush in the sun; flesh firm, breaking, filamentose, juicy,
sweet, aromatic; first quality; stone of medium size, elongated-cordate;
ripens the last of June.
=Bigarreau Rosa.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:239 fig. 1877.
Tree moderately productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large,
elongated-cordate, faces flattened; suture wide, deep; stem long, rather
stout, set in a wide cavity; skin yellowish on rose-colored ground,
amply washed with brilliant red on which are scattered small, white
dots; flesh yellowish-white, firm, compact, filamentose, juicy,
uncolored, rather sugary, acidulated, aromatic; second quality; pit
large, turgid; ripens the last of June.
=Bigarreau Rose Dragon.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 96. 1877.
Reported by the Committee on Foreign Fruits in 1877 as worthy of trial
but not grown at present. Fruit large, pale yellow, with a red cheek;
flesh firm, juicy, sweet, good; season the middle of July.
=Bigarreau de Schrecken.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190.
1876. _Schreckens Kirsche._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 377. 1889.
Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; brownish-black,
glossy; flesh moderately firm; first quality; matures in mid-June.
=Bigarreau Strié.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:114,
115, 208. 1866.
Fruit large, elongated-cordate, faces compressed; suture wide; stem
short, rather stout; skin many shades of red and purple on a
rose-colored ground with flesh-colored spots; flesh reddish, firm,
crisp, sweet; juice slightly colored; quality fair; stone small; season
early; deteriorates rapidly.
=Bigarreau de Trie.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 13. 1887.
Origin unknown, but rather widely cultivated around Trie,
Hautes-Pryénées, France. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish,
compressed, slightly cordate; stem long, slender; skin tough, deep red,
transparent, with a slight blush of amber; flesh whitish-yellow, very
firm, juicy, uncolored, sugary, aromatic; good; season early July.
=Bigarreau à Trochets.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 22. 1876.
An extremely productive variety distributed in some parts of France;
fruit large, red; flesh brittle; ripens in late June.
=Bigarreau Turca.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:247, 248 fig.
1877.
This old cherry was described in 1785 as Heaume Rouge but was found in
1862 by Leroy in Florence, Italy, as Bigarreau Turca by which name it
was well known. It is probably not of Turkish origin as the name would
indicate. Fruit often borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate; suture
noticeable but not deep; stem short; cavity spacious; color deep red,
lightly spotted with gray; flesh rather firm, fibrous, mottled with
light red becoming darker near the pit, juicy, sweet, sprightly; pit
large, ovoid, plump; ripens late in June.
=Bigarreau de Walpurgis.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:250
fig. 1877.
_St. Walpurgiskirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:35. 1858.
_Walpurgiskirsche._ =3.= _Ill. Handb._ 41 fig., 42. 1867.
_Cerise Walpurgis._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:157, 158, fig. 77. 1866-73.
This variety is a seedling from the village of Walpurgisburg, near
Cologne, Germany, originating about 1845. Tree vigorous, productive;
fruit attached in pairs, very large, roundish-cordate, compressed;
suture shallow, extending entirely around the fruit; stem slender,
rather long; cavity wide, shallow, sides only slightly raised; skin
firm, adherent, glossy, dark cherry-red changing to almost black; flesh
firm, dark red, juicy, aromatic, vinous; pit of medium size, oval, dark
red; ripens late in July.
=Bigarreau de Zeisberg.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 190.
1876.
_Zeisbergische Kirsche._ =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 31 fig., 32. 1867.
_Cerise de Zeisberg._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:35, 36, fig. 18. 1882.
Oberdieck received this variety, which bears the name of its originator,
from Hanover, Prussia, Germany, in 1857. Fruit very large,
obtuse-cordate; suture wide, flat on the dorsal side, extending slightly
beyond the apex; stem long, rather slender, set in a flaring cavity;
skin glossy, brownish-black, later becoming black, adhering to the pulp;
flesh firm, dark red, juicy, pleasant, with an aromatic sweetness when
mature; season the last of June.
=Bigarreau Zschedowitzer Schwarze.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide
Prat._ 23. 1876. Listed in the reference given.
=Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Noir.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man.
Comp. Jard._ =2=:503. 1860. A mediocre but productive cherry ripening in
August.
=Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Rose.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man.
Comp. Jard._ =2=:503. 1860.
A variety raised from seed in 1824; tree vigorous; stem long; flesh
tender, white, sugary; quality fair; July.
=Bill and Coo.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 454. 1869.
Two lovers made the original tree their haunt, hence, the name "Bill and
Coo." This variety originated on the grounds of Professor J. P.
Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit of medium size, regular heart-shaped,
flattened at the apex; stem long, slender; cavity deep; suture broad on
one side, the opposite side knobby; color amber-yellow, marbled with
clear red; flesh rich, delicate, sweet; ripens early in June.
=Bismarck.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas _Cat._ 20. 1907.
This variety is a Sweet Cherry from near Baltimore, Maryland. Fruit very
large, dark red, firm, sweet, juicy and rich; vigorous and productive;
ripens the first of July.
=Black American.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.
Listed without description in this reference.
=Black Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Knoop Fructologie_ =2=:35, 37, 38.
1771. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:130. 1832.
_Bigarreau hâtif._ =3.= _Le Bond Jard_. 345. 1882.
_Bigarreau noir Hâtif._ =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 285. 1884.
Black Bigarreau is an old variety of unknown origin quite distinct from
any others of its class. Tree productive; fruit medium to large,
heart-shaped, obscurely flattened; stem long; skin at first dotted with
red, later becoming black, glossy; flesh firm, rather dry, with dark
colored juice, breaking, sweet; not high in quality; ripens the last of
June and the first of July.
=Black Bigarreau of Savoy.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._
185. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._ 256. 1857.
_New Large Black Bigarreau._ =3.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 234, 235. 1841.
=4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 185. 1845. =5.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:538 fig.,
539. 1850.
_Large Black Bigarreau of Savoy._ =6.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:251. 1842.
_Walsh Seedling._ =7.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 196, 197. 1854.
_Bigarreau noir de Savoie._ =8.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:33, 34, fig. 15.
1866-73.
The original tree of this variety was brought from the south of France
by the father of George Walsh, Charlestown, Massachusetts. The tree came
into bearing about 1840. In 1841, fruits were exhibited from trees
introduced into American collections from Italy as New Large Black
Bigarreau, and were thought by several people to be the Black Bigarreau
of Savoy. Until 1857, all writers held these two varieties to be
distinct but Downing then declared them to be the same and on his
authority we combine the two. Tree vigorous, handsome; fruit large,
regular, cordate, slightly obtuse; stem long, rather stout, set in a
narrow, even cavity; skin smooth, not very glossy, nearly black when
mature; flesh dark purplish-red, firm, juicy, sweet, rich, slightly
adherent to the stone; pit rather large; ripens the middle of July.
=Black Hungarian Gean.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 50.
1831.
A round, black Guigne of second quality with tender, transparent flesh;
used for dessert.
=Black Margaret.= Species? =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 32. 1892.
Described as a fine, black, very late, English cherry.
=Black Prolific.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort Soc. Cat._ 55. 1831.
Listed in the reference given.
=Black Spanish.= _P. avium._ =1.= Rea _Flora_ 205. 1676. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 177-180. 1819.
_Schwarze oder Späte Herzkirsche._ =3.= Krünitz _Enc._ 60, 61. 1790.
_Spanish._ =4.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 217. 1835.
_Schwarze Spanische Knorpelkirsche._ =5.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:37. 1858.
_Bigarreau noir d'Espagne._ =6.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23, 189. 1876.
This is an old variety first mentioned by the English and in all
probability is of English origin. It has been greatly confused by some
German writers with other black cherries but Truchsess maintains that if
placed beside the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche and the Grosse Schwarze
Knorpelkirsche mit Festem Fleische, the two with which it is most often
confused, differences could be noted especially as to firmness of flesh
and smallness of pit. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture
distinct; stem slender, short; cavity small, smooth, shallow; skin dark
reddish-brown changing to black, lighter along the suture; flesh more
tender than in most hard-fleshed sorts, dark red, sweet; stone small,
adhering before fully mature, colored; ripens early in July or earlier.
=Black Turkey Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 32. 1892.
Fruit large, black, late; suitable for market and home use.
=Blasse Johanni Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23. 1876.
Received by Thomas with a recommendation from Baron Emanuel Trauttenberg
of Prague.
=Bocage.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876. =2.= _Guide
Prat._ 17. 1895.
This variety is said, in _Guide Pratique_, 1895, to be similar to
Carnation, a Sour Cherry, while Thomas says it is similar to Reine
Hortense, a hybrid sort.
=Bohemian Queen.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Hort._ =13=:104. 1890.
This variety is said to come true to seed; to be similar in
fruit-characters to Ostheim, though larger and more fleshy; to be
productive and a cherry of good flavor; and to succeed well in moist
land.
=Bon Bon.= Species? =1.= Childs _Cat._ 153 fig. 1893.
A very early, large, dark red, juicy cherry; ships well and bears
regularly.
=Book.= Species? =1.= _Pa. Dept. Agr. Rpt._ Pt. =1=:427. 1902.
This is a local variety recommended by John Weitzel, Bethesda, Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium to large, dark red; ripens the middle
of June.
=Boppard.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 415. 1899.
_Boppard's Early._ =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:58. 1900.
_Bopparder Frühkirsche._ =3.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55. 1907.
Tree vigorous; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; skin glossy, dark red; flesh
red, firm, juicy, sweet.
=Boquet Morello.= P. _cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1890.
_Amarelle Boquet._ =2.= _Ibid._ 331. 1885. =3.= _Del. Sta. An. Rpt._
=12=:110. 1900.
This is one of Budd's importations of 1883, according to the third
reference. It is often confused with the Boquet Amarelle of the French.
The fruit resembles Early Richmond in size, shape, season and color,
differing only in its flesh being more firm, its pit smaller, and the
tree less productive; of no value commercially.
=Boreatton.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 215. 1854.
A small, roundish-cordate, nearly black Sweet Cherry, with half-tender
flesh; poor quality; ripens in mid-July.
=Boughton Early Black Duke.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort.
Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Boulebonner Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 47 fig., 48. 1867.
_Bigarreau Hâtif Boulbon._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:103, 104, fig. 52.
1882.
This cherry was introduced into Belgium from France some years previous
to 1867. Tree not vigorous, but productive; fruit large, broadly
cordate, variable in size and form, sides compressed; suture distinct,
deepest near the cavity; apex slightly depressed; stem slender, usually
long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin a glossy, rose-red color with
a yellowish tinge, dotted and streaked with clear blood-red and washed
with dark purplish-red; flesh yellowish-white, reddish-white under the
skin, firm, juicy, rich, pleasing; stone large, oval, somewhat
flattened, with a short point; partially clinging; ripens the last of
June and, according to Oberdieck, hangs during wet seasons without
cracking.
=Bount Dantzic.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Bouquet-Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=3=:23. 1858. =2.= _Ill. Handb._ 7 fig., 8. 1867.
The tree of this variety has the growth of a Sweet Cherry with small,
black, Heart fruits borne like the cluster cherries, one, two, three and
four on the stem. The single fruits are roundish-cordate, with flattened
ends while the double and triple fruits are more narrow and elongated;
the fruit matures unevenly, having green, red and black fruits at the
same time; pit roundish-oval, slightly pointed at the base, somewhat
larger in the double fruits.
=Bouquetweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 291. 1802. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 519, 520, 521. 1819.
This cherry was received by Truchsess in 1796 from Mayer under the name
Bouquet-kirsche. Many of the flowers have six, seven, eight, and
occasionally as high as twelve petals, with two or three pistils. Fruit
usually very small, attached to a long, stiff, woody stem shallowly
inserted; round, flattened beneath; suture shallow; flesh and juice
reddish-black, with a bitterish-sour flavor, which it loses if allowed
to remain on the tree; pit of medium size.
=Boussieuer Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55.
1907.
A variegated Sweet Cherry.
=Bowers' Seedlings.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:64. 1903.
Three seedlings originated with John Bowers, Sigourney, Iowa. No.
1.--Fruit medium, dark red; juice colorless; quality fair. No. 2.--Tree
hardy; bears regularly; fruit large, oblate, roundish; stem long,
slender; skin dark red; juice colorless; fair in quality; late. No.
3.--Fruit large, red to dark red; juice slightly colored, mild subacid;
of very good quality.
=Bowyer Early Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47. 1831.
=2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 234. 1841. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:15, 16,
fig. 8. 1882.
_Boyer's Early._ =4.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 269. 1857. =5.= Thomas _Am.
Fruit Cult. 665._ 1897.
_Roberts' Red._ =6.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 269. 1857.
This variety probably originated in England nearly a century ago. Some
writers confuse it with Early White Heart but the two are undoubtedly
distinct. Tree vigorous, round-topped, hardy, productive; fruit medium
in size, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity shallow, wide;
suture distinct; stem variable in length; skin of medium thickness, pale
amber-yellow overspread with light red; flesh whitish, tender, juicy,
sweet, sprightly, refreshing; very good in quality; stone of medium
size, short-ovate, plump, blunt at the apex; season early.
=Boyd Early Black.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 138. 1881.
Mentioned in a report from Ohio as a variety of great superiority and
value.
=Brandon.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.
A prolific seedling of _Prunus pumila_; introduced by the Manitoba
Station.
=Brandywine.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Horticulturist_ N. S.
=5=:492, Pl. 1855. Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 258. 1857.
John R. Brinckle, Wilmington, Delaware, produced this variety from a
seed of White Bigarreau grown near May Duke. It fruited for the first
time in 1851. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit above medium
in size, roundish, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long,
slender; cavity shallow, small; skin yellowish, mottled and marbled with
light crimson, glossy; flesh semi-transparent, tender, very juicy,
sprightly, acidulous; stone rather large; season the last of June;
recommended for culinary uses.
=Brant.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.= Elliott
_Fr. Book_ 191 fig. 1854. 3. Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 258. 1857.
Brant was grown by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, about the
middle of the Nineteenth Century, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree
vigorous, spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven, sides
slightly compressed; stem medium, set in an angular cavity; skin thin,
lively purplish-red changing to dark purplish; flesh dark purplish-red
with indistinct white lines radiating from the center, tender, with
abundant, colored juice, sweet and richly flavored; pit medium in size,
roundish-oval, nearly smooth; season from the middle of June to the
first of July.
=Brassington.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Call _Cat._ 5, fig. 1913.
A chance seedling found in Oceana County, Michigan. Fruit large, dark
red, sprightly subacid; ripens with Early Richmond; productive.
=Braunauer Glaskirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 168.
1825.
_Braunauer Amarelle._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:72. 1858.
This variety originated about 1825. Tree large, moderately productive,
with large, Sour Cherry leaves. Often classed as an Amarelle because of
the resemblance in the branches. Fruit very large, round, compressed;
suture distinct; stem very long, shallowly inserted; color dark red,
rather cloudy; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasing subacid when
fully ripe; stone of medium size; ripens in August.
=Braune Soodkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 287. 1802.
=2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 583, 584, 585. 1819.
Tree of medium growth; branches drooping; fruit large to very large,
flattened, slightly depressed; stem long, set in a rather deep cavity;
skin brownish-red; flesh dark red at the stone becoming clear red
beneath the skin, tender, with abundant, red juice, pleasing subacid;
stone roundish-elongated, one-half an inch long; season the last of
July.
=Braune Spanische Kirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 275.
1802.
_Späte braune Spanische Herzkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Handb._ 660. 1797.
_Braune Spanische Herzkirsche._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:22.
1858.
This cherry differs from the black Hearts in being smaller, more
compressed and sweeter, the flesh softer and more melting. Tree small,
productive; fruit small, roundish, compressed on both sides; black,
somewhat red on one side; ripens at the end of June.
=Braunrote Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._
544, 545. 1819.
_Braune rothe Sauerkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289. 1802.
_Griotte rouge foncé._ 3. Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:306. 1866.
This variety was found in Bernburg, Prussia, Germany. It is
distinguished from the other Sour Cherries ripening with it by its
lingering brownish-red color, its pleasing, mild sourness, its tender
flesh, and by its wood. Tree not large, making a close growth,
productive; branches erect; fruit bunch-like, large, almost round,
flattened at the ends, sides slightly compressed; stem long, stout,
inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; color remains brownish-red for
quite a period, later becoming almost black; flesh tender, with
abundant, colored juice, pleasingly sour; stone egg-shaped, almost oval;
season the last of July.
=Briggs Sweet.= _P. avium._ =1.= Green-River Nur. _Cat._ 22. 1899.
Briggs Sweet was raised from seed in the garden of Dr. J. A. Briggs,
South Union, Kentucky, where it has fruited for twenty years. The tree
is thrifty, a regular bearer and resembles Wood in appearance of both
tree and fruit but is much hardier.
=Brindilles.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 424. 1903.
This is a vigorous cherry with a low, slender habit of growth, blooming
the middle of June and ripening late in August. Fruit of medium size,
round, depressed or oblate; stem long, set in a narrow cavity; skin
light, clear red; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly.
=Brown Best.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Brown Bros. _Cat._ 24. 1900.
Brown Best was introduced some twenty-five years ago by Brown Brothers,
Rochester, New York, having been budded from an old tree. Fruit large,
dark red, tender, sour, rich; quality good; very late; productive.
=Brown Seedling.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 214. 1854. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 457. 1869.
Originated in Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size,
obtuse-cordate, compressed with a line and a light suture; cavity broad;
skin whitish, shaded and mottled with red; flesh half-tender, juicy,
sweet; quality fair; season early July.
=Buckatzsch Weisse Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 277, 278, 677, 678. 1819.
A medium-sized cherry of fair quality from Guben, Prussia, Germany,
where it first fruited in 1816.
=Buckatzsch Weisse Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 341, 685. 1819.
This is another seedling from Prussia, Germany; stem of medium length;
flesh somewhat tender and light.
=Budd No. 533.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Wash. Sta. Bul._ =92=:14. 1910.
This is probably a Russian seedling sent out by Professor J. L. Budd,
Ames, Iowa. Tree small, round-topped, with slender, recumbent branches;
foliage scant, mostly on the tips of the branches; fruit very large,
roundish heart-shaped; stem short, thick; skin tough, thin, dark,
mottled red; flesh firm, yellow, slightly stained with red, astringent,
subacid; quality fair; stone large, round; season the last of July.
=Buffalo.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =13=:150. 1871.
This cherry was received from Buffalo, New York, by Smiley Shepard of
Hennepen, Illinois, in the "fifties." The fruit with him proved very
hardy and productive and promised to become a valuable sweet variety for
prairie orchards. Mr. Shepard sent cions to different localities for
testing but nothing has been heard further about the variety.
=Bunte Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =19=:551. 1892. =2.=
Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:273. 1903.
This is not a Morello, though grown in North Silesia under this name.
Tree vigorous and hardy, but a late bloomer; fruit large, cordate,
reddish; flesh light-colored, juicy.
=Burbank.= _P. avium._ =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 4, 19. 1911.
_Burbank Early._ =2.= Leonard Coates _Cat._ 1911.
This is another of Burbank's cherries, trees of which have not yet
fruited at the Station. Trees described as vigorous, sure croppers;
foliage very large; fruit very large, attractive deep crimson; season
very early. Its large leaves, it is claimed, protect the fruit from the
birds and from cracking during late spring rains.
=Burchardts Schwarze Rosenobel.= _P. avium._ 1. Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 166, 167, 1819. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:91, 92, fig.
46. 1882.
This cherry was raised by the German pomologist Burchardt from a seed of
Rosenobel. Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem medium in length,
set in a deep, straight cavity; skin purple, changing to almost black;
flesh purple, rather tender, juice slightly colored, sweet; first
quality; season the first of June.
=Burghley Park.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 229, 230.
1870. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ 1057. 1870.
Burghley Park is a seedling, raised by R. Gilbert, Burghley Park,
Stanford, England; it was placed on the list of new fruits of the Royal
Horticultural Society in July, 1871. There is a question as to whether
it is distinct, some believing it to be Reine Hortense. Fruit very
large, usually oval, often flattened, with an obscure suture; stem long,
rather slender; skin very thin, transparent, a brilliant dark red if
left hanging; flesh dull yellowish-red, veined or netted, very juicy,
melting, with a pleasing astringency; ripens in mid-season.
=Burr.= _P. avium._ =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 233. 1849. =2.= Mathieu
_Nom. Pom._ 342. 1889.
_Semis de Burr._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:163, 164, fig. 80. 1866-73.
Burr originated about 1844, with Zera Burr, of Perrinton, New York. Tree
vigorous, erect, round-topped, very productive, not always hardy; fruit
medium to large, obtuse-cordate with a pointed apex; stem long, slender;
skin thin, mottled with light and dark red; flesh whitish, rather
tender, juicy, sprightly, agreeably sweet; very good in quality; stone
small, irregularly ovate, short, thick; ripens in early mid-season.
=Büttner Gelbe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 361, 362, 363. 1819. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:129, 130 fig. 31. 1866. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:214 fig., 215.
1877.
_Büttner's Yellow._ =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 185. 1845. =5.= _Am.
Pom. Soc. Cat._ 20. 1875.
_Wachsknorpelkirsche._ =6.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:44, 45. 1858.
Büttner, at Halle, Prussia, Germany, raised this cherry as a seedling
and it is probably superior to any of the varieties originated by this
horticulturist. It fruited for the first time about 1800 and was
introduced shortly after. It was grown in America as Büttner's Yellow in
the first half of the Nineteenth Century and was listed in the American
Pomological Society's fruit catalog in 1875 but was dropped in 1899.
Tree strong, vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit of medium size,
roundish-cordate, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem thick,
inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin firm, thick, pale yellow,
slightly spotted with brownish-red; flesh pale yellow, firm, breaking,
juicy, sweet, aromatic, with a rich, lively flavor; quality good; stone
small, roundish-ovate, free; ripens early in July.
=Büttner Rothe Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 236, 237. 1819.
_Büttner's rothe Molkenkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:29.
1858.
Another seedling raised by Büttner about 1797 and later tested by
Truchsess. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit of medium size,
heart-shaped, with sides somewhat compressed; stem long; skin
yellowish-white mingled with clear red, sometimes dark red; flesh
yellowish-white, very soft, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone small,
heart-shaped; matures the first half of July.
=Büttner Rothe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 299, 300, 301. 1819.
_Büttner's rothe Marmorkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:43.
1858.
_Bigarreau rouge de Büttner._ =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:132.
1866. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:240 fig., 241. 1877.
Grown from seed about 1795, by Büttner. Büttner Späte Rote, one of
Büttner's seedlings is similar to this one. Tree vigorous, productive;
fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow suture; skin thick, lively
red on one side and shaded with carmine on the other; flesh yellowish,
firm, breaking, strongly adhering to the pit, sweet, aromatic; quality
good; stone of medium size, round; matures the last of June or the first
of July.
=Büttner Schwarze Herzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 122, 123, 124. 1819. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 204, 205.
1854. =3.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:64 fig., 65, 66. 1866.
_Büttner's schwarze neue Herzkirsche._ =4.= Christ _Wörterb._ 275. 1802.
_Bigarreau Noir Büttner._ =5.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:222 fig. 1877.
Still another variety obtained from seed by Büttner in 1795. With
several others it was sent to Truchsess, about 1801, for testing. Tree
strong, vigorous, erect, hardy, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate,
compressed; suture prominent; stem of medium length, set in a deep
cavity; skin firm, glossy, deep reddish-black; flesh dark red,
moderately firm, juicy, sweet and pleasant; quality good; stone of
medium size, roundish-oval; ripens early in July.
=Büttner Schwarze Sauerkirsche.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 601, 602, 603. 1819.
_Büttner's schwarze neue Sauerkirsche._ =2.= Christ _Wörterb._ 289.
1802.
Raised from seed by Büttner and sent to Truchsess for testing about
1797. Fruit round, of medium size, glossy, black; flesh firm, red,
moderately juicy, agreeably acid; quality fair; ripens in August.
=Büttner Späte Rothe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 329, 330, 682, 683. 1819.
_Büttner's harte Marmorkirsche._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:43.
1858.
_Bigarreau Rouge Tardif de Büttner._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:11, 12,
fig. 6. 1882.
_Büttner's Late Red._ =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.
Another seedling raised by Büttner early in the Nineteenth Century and
quite similar to Büttner Rote, except in its time of ripening, which is
later. Tree of medium vigor, erect; fruit large, heart-shaped, flattened
at the base, compressed at the apex; suture medium in depth; skin thick
and firm, yellowish-white mingled with red, changing to dark red; flesh
yellowish, firm, breaking, sweet, aromatic, with abundant, uncolored
juice; quality good; stone large, oval, slightly clinging to the flesh;
matures the last of July.
=Büttner Späte Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 531 fig.,
532. 1861.
_Büttner's September und Octoberweichsel._ =2=. Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 609. 1819.
_Büttner's October Zucker Weichsel._ =3=. _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 47.
1831.
_Büttner's Sehrspäte._ =4.= _Ibid._ 47. 1831.
_Büttner's October Morello._ =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 193, 194.
1845. =6.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862.
_Griotte Tardive de Büttner._ =7.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:95, 96, fig. 46.
1866-73.
_Bigarreau Tardif Büttner._ =8.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:245 fig., 246.
1877.
_Büttner's October._ =9.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 288. 1884.
Produced from seed about 1800, by Büttner. As one of the latest of all
cherries, it was at one time considered of value for culinary purposes
and for a time was grown to a limited extent in this country. The
American Pomological Society placed it on its fruit catalog list in 1862
but dropped it in 1869. Tree hardy, productive; fruit often hangs to the
tree till October, large, round, somewhat oblate; suture indistinct;
apex depressed; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; skin thin but firm,
reddish-brown, separating easily from the pulp; flesh light red,
reticulated with whitish fibers, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, rich,
mingled with pleasant subacid; quality good; stone large, oval,
semi-clinging; ripens the last of August and early September.
=Byrnville.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed in this reference.
=Cameleon.= Species? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.
A strange cherry, changeable in color, spoken of by Parkinson because of
its peculiarities. The fruit is very red in color and of good taste, but
varies greatly in color, shape and arrangement. It also bears blossoms,
green and ripe fruit at the same time.
=Cardinalskirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 159. 1791. =2.=
Christ _Wörterb._ 284. 1802.
A cherry similar to the Doctorkirsche in both tree- and
fruit-characters; fruit dark brown, with a subacid flavor.
=Carmine Stripe.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 206. 1854. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 258. 1857.
_Cerise Carminée._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:23, 24, fig. 12. 1882.
Carmine Stripe is a seedling from Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland,
Ohio. Tree vigorous, spreading, very productive; fruit above medium in
size, heart-shaped, compressed on the sides, surface often uneven, with
a suture on one side, followed by a line of carmine; stem variable; skin
amber-yellow, shaded and mottled with bright, lively carmine; flesh
tender, juicy, sweet, with agreeable sprightliness; pit small; season
the last of June.
=Caroline.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 206. 1854.
Originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree
upright-spreading, vigorous; fruit above medium in size,
roundish-oblong, one side slightly compressed; color pale amber,
mottled with clear, light red, becoming rich red in the sun; flesh
tinged with pale red, translucent, tender, juicy, sweet; pit of medium
size, oblong, oval; season the last of June. Delicious for dessert.
=Catskill.= Species? =1.= Chase _Cat._ 1888.
This variety, sent out by R. G. Chase, Geneva, New York, in 1888, is
probably now extinct. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; skin light
yellow, nearly covered with light carmine; stem slender, long; flesh
light yellow, juicy, sprightly, mild subacid; good.
=Cerise Albanes.= Species? =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 284. 1861.
Introduced from Revel, Haute-Garonne, France. It is a fruit of first
size, excellent quality, with dark green leaves, productive; fruit white
with more or less yellow.
=Cerise d'Angleterre Précoce.= Species? =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._
=2=:No. 25, Pl. 1846.
According to Poiteau, this cherry, sometimes called Cerise Nouvelle
d'Angleterre, was confused by Duhamel with his Cerise Guigne. Fruit
small in the first stages of ripening, later becoming larger, flattened
at the base and apex; color clear red changing to almost black at
complete maturity.
=Cerise de l'Ardèche.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.
_Belle grosse d'Ardèche._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
_Schöne von Ardêche._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 376. 1889.
Distinct from other varieties in its manner of growth, according to
Thomas.
=Cerise Bellon.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Cerise de la Besnardière.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_
=2=:181. 1866. =2.= Leroy.
_Dict. Pom._ =5=:172 fig. 1877.
_Kirsche von Bénardière._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 334. 1889.
In 1841, Leroy mentioned this variety in his catalog stating that it was
found in the gardens of the Baron of Besnardière. Mortillet believed it
to be Carnation not being convinced of the contrary until after he had
published his description of the Carnation. Tree strong, moderately
productive; fruit attached singly, large, globular, compressed at the
ends; suture apparent; stem of medium length, inserted in a rather wide,
deep cavity; skin clear red, brilliant; flesh reddish at the surface,
whitish near the center, tender, with abundant, slightly colored juice,
pleasantly acidulated and sweet; first quality; stone small, round,
plump; season the end of June in France.
=Cerise du Bicentenaire.= _P. avium_ X _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._
284, 285, Pl. 1903.
_Bicentenaireweichsel._ =2.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 58. 1907.
This variety is supposed to be a bud variation of Royal Duke found in a
garden at Lieusaint, France. The trees resemble those of Royal Duke but
the fruit is superior in size and ripens from three weeks to a month
later. Said to be valuable on northern exposures which increase the
advantages of late maturity.
=Cerise Blanche à Petit Fruit.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp.
Jard._ =2=:507. 1860.
Similar to the Cerisier à Gros Fruit Blanc but smaller.
=Cerise Commune.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 11,
Pl. 1846. =2.= Le Bon Jard. 346. 1882.
One of the French varieties of cherries grown in the neighborhood of
Paris to supply the early market trade. Sometimes called La Grosse
Cerise Commune.
=Cerise à Côtes.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:258, 259
fig. 1877.
This cherry is similar in tree and fruit to Large Montmorency but the
fruit is traversed on both sides by a prominent suture. Fruit attached
in threes, of medium size, globular, compressed at the ends; suture
deep, completely encircling the fruit; stem variable in length, inserted
in a large, deep cavity; apex slightly depressed; skin clear red; flesh
yellowish, transparent, tender, juicy, sugary, acidulated; pit of medium
size, round; second quality; season the end of June; moderately
productive.
=Cerise d'Espagne.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.
Fruit large, deep red, delicious, acidulated, ripening from June to
July.
=Cerise à la Feuille.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._
=1=:174, 175. 1768.
The fruit is of medium size, roundish-cordate, faces flattened; stem
long; cavity deep and straight; skin deep reddish-brown; flesh red, with
an acid flavor which it loses somewhat at complete maturity; stone
large, lightly tinted; ripens the middle of July.
=Cerise de Gembloux.= _P. avium._ =1.= Ann. _Pom. Belge_ =8=:91, Pl.
1860.
M. Staquet Berger of Gembloux, Belgium, grew this cherry from seed. Tree
productive, vigorous; fruit large, roundish, slightly cordate; suture
pronounced; stem long, slender; skin thin, glossy, nearly black; flesh
red, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulated; stone small, oval; ripens
the last of July.
=Cerise Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:195,
196, Pl. 16 fig. 1. 1768. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:140, 141 fig.
34, 142. 1866. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:159, 160, fig. 78. 1866-73. =4.=
Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:254, 255 fig., 256. 1877.
_Griotte Guigne._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:149. 1832.
_Cerise Anglaise._ =6.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No. 26, Pl. 1846.
_Rothe Muskateller._ =7.= _Ill. Handb._ 159 fig., 160. 1860.
This cherry is now of historical interest only. It has been called
Cerise Guigne since Duhamel described it in 1768, and may be the variety
known long ago by the Romans as Cecilienne. There is no record to show
that Cerise Guigne was ever brought to America. Tree large, vigorous,
productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the
base; suture distinct; stem of medium thickness and length; skin thin;
color clear red becoming reddish-brown; flesh clear red, with abundant,
colored juice, tender, slightly stringy, sweet, sprightly, agreeable;
quality good; ripens early.
=Cerise de Mai Double.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 40.
1771.
Briefly discussed by Knoop.
=Cerise de Mai Simple.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36, 40,
41. 1771.
Resembles Cerise de Mai Double but smaller.
=Cerise de Martigné.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:147. 1882.
The tree-characters are briefly described in this reference.
=Cerise de Ostheim.=_ P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1890.
_Ostheim._ =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:79, fig. 18. 1903.
In 1883, Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa, brought this variety to
Iowa. It is very similar to the Minnesota Ostheim but a few days later.
Fruit of medium size, round, occasionally cordate; stem of medium
length, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin firm, deep red, with
highly colored juice, mildly subacid; quality very good.
=Cerise du Prince Maurice.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36,
41. 1771.
Tree vigorous, erect, productive; fruit scarlet, with whitish dots.
=Cerise de Prusse.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:151
fig., 152, 153, 221, 304. 1866.
_Guindoux de Provence._ =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 429, 430.
1819.
_Prussian Cherry._ =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:150. 1832.
_Provencer Süssweichsel._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:50. 1858.
_Cerise de l'Esvière._ =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
_Cerise de Prusse noire?_ =6.= _Ibid._ =11=:160. 1882.
This old variety is supposed to be of French origin. It is distinguished
from other sorts by its cordate form, its more or less distinct suture,
its thick skin, and its heart-shaped pit. Tree vigorous, moderately
productive; fruit rather large, partially cordate, marked by a suture on
both sides, more pronounced towards the base; stem of medium length,
inserted in a rather deep cavity; skin thick, tough, separating from the
pulp, deep reddish, almost black; flesh rather firm, deep red, juicy,
sprightly, vinous, with a pronounced acidity; stone rather large,
oval-pointed, turgid; ripens early in July.
=Cerise de Rouen Double.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:36,
42. 1771.
Tree vigorous and productive; fruit cordate, marked with a suture of
moderate depth; color streaked with clear red on a yellow ground; flesh
brittle, sweet, very agreeable.
=Cerise de Rouen Simple.= _P. avium._ =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:42.
1771.
Resembles the preceding variety in form, color and quality but is
somewhat smaller.
=Cerise Rouge Pale.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:89, 90, fig.
43. 1866-73. 2. Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:383, 384 fig., 385. 1877.
_Cerisier à Gros Fruit Rouge-pâle._ =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb._ Fr.
=1=:182, 183, 184, Pl. 9. 1768. =4.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:5, Tab. 14
fig. 1. 1792.
_Villennes._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:140. 1832.
_Bleichrothe Glaskirsche._ =6.= _Ill. Handb._ 75 fig., 76. 1867.
This cherry is of interest only because of its past. Of its origin no
record can be found. It is first mentioned by Duhamel, in 1768, under a
somewhat longer name, "Cerisier à Gros Fruit Rouge-pâle," which many
later writers have confused with Carnation. Tree large, vigorous,
productive; fruit large, roundish, flattened; stem long, thick; cavity
deep, broad; skin thin; color a clear, brilliant red growing darker as
maturity advances; flesh transparent, juicy, firm, tender, sweet, yet
sprightly; of very good quality; season late.
=Cerise Rouge Sanguine.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed in this reference.
=Cerise Royale Ordinaire.= Species? =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No.
22, Pl. 1846.
This variety is known in Normandy as Cerise Musquée because of its
slight musky taste. Fruit small, sides compressed; skin red; flesh
yellowish, juicy, sugary; quality fair.
=Cerise de Soissons.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 55.
1831.
_Französiche Süssweichsel._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:51.
1858.
_Admirable de Soissons._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 476. 1869.
Cerise de Soissons is described as a Morello, medium to above in size,
broadly cordate, slightly compressed, with a slight suture; stem short;
skin dark red; flesh red, tender, juicy, brisk subacid; ripens the
middle of July.
=Cerise de Tiercé.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed without a description.
=Cerise de Xavier.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:363. 1851. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 215. 1854.
A Morello cherry, first shown in 1851, by M. P. Wilder, Dorchester,
Massachusetts. Fruit medium in size, round, dark red, acid.
=Cerisier Commun à Fruit Rond.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb.
Fr._ =1=:172, 173. 1768. =2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 658, 659.
1819.
Under this heading are grouped many wild cherries in France, grown from
seeds, whose trees, leaves and flowers vary as well as the size, taste
and time of ripening of the fruits. One of the best of these is grown
around Paris, the fruit being small; stem long; pit large; quality and
flavor variable.
=Cerisier Commun Pleureur.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 397. 1888.
This cherry was found in a Sour Cherry plantation. It resembles
Montmorency in habit of growth and the Heart cherries in texture of
flesh. The tree is used for ornamental planting and its fruit for
culinary purposes. Tree very productive, bushy, branches inclined to
droop; fruit large, oblong; stem long, inserted in a large cavity; skin
glossy, dark red; flesh rose-colored, transparent, sugary, juicy; pit of
medium size, elongated-oval; ripens early in June.
=Cerisier à Feuilles Laciniées.= _P. avium._ =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=5=:267, 268 fig. 1877.
This is a chance seedling first mentioned by Leroy in his catalog in
1860. Because of its foliage it is often used as an ornamental. Tree
strong, moderately productive; fruit generally attached singly, small,
oval; suture apparent; stem long; cavity moderately large; skin clear
red, marbled with reddish-brown; flesh firm, yellowish-white, with
abundant, uncolored juice, sugary, slightly acidulated; pit of medium
size, elongated-oval, plump.
=Cerisier à Gros Fruit Blanc.= _P. avium._ =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp.
Jard._ =2=:507. 1860.
A cherry ripening in July but described as very sugary and very good;
flesh watery, aromatic; productive.
=Cerisier Royal Tardif à Fruit Noir.= Species? =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp.
Jard._ =2=:506. 1860.
The fruit ripens in July, becoming deep black.
=Cerisier Très-fertile.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._
=1=:175, 176. 1768.
_Weichselbaum mit bündelförmigen Früchten._ =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._
=1=:5, Tab. 12 fig. 1. 1792.
_Cerise à Trochet._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 56. 1831. =4.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =5=:397, 398 fig. 1877.
_Prolific Cherry._ =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:132. 1832.
_Amarelle très-fertile._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:201 fig., 202,
203. 1866.
Leroy states that this variety was long ago well known in France.
Because it was grown in the neighborhood of Angers and Saint-Laud, and
was of the Montmorency type, Leroy says it was locally named Cerisier
Montmorency Hâtif de Saint Laud. He is doubtful whether it existed
before the Eighteenth Century; Duhamel was the first to describe it in
1768. The tree resembles the Cluster cherry and is probably but a
variation of the Cerise Commune type. Tree small; fruit generally
attached in threes, of medium size, globular, compressed at the stem;
cavity rather deep; apex small, somewhat prominent; stem of medium size,
unequal in length; skin transparent, clear red, deeper when mature;
flesh tender, white, juicy, sugary, strongly acidulated; stone medium in
size, roundish, turgid; ripens the middle of June. Its graceful habit
and productiveness make it a favorite for ornamental purposes.
=Cerisier de Varenne.= Species? =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._
=2=:507. 1860.
_Belle de Varennes._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882.
Tree erect, very vigorous; fruit large, compressed; stem long; color
bright red.
=Challenge.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896.
Challenge is a Sand Cherry seedling grown in Canada; fair flavor and of
medium size.
=Champagne.= Species? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =5=:76, 77 fig. 1850. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 205. 1854.
Champagne is a seedling raised by Charles Downing,[84] Newburgh, New
York, and so named because of the peculiar and lively mingling of sweet
and acid in its flavor. Tree very hardy, vigorous, bearing regularly,
and withstanding the attacks of rot and blight. Fruit of medium size,
roundish-cordate, slightly angular; stem moderately long; cavity
shallow, flat; skin lively brick-red, inclining to pink; flesh amber,
juicy, sprightly, rich; ripens the middle of June.
=Champion.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 307. 1898.
Champion is one of many seedlings of the Manitoba Sand, a native
Canadian cherry named and described in 1898, by Wm. Saunders of the
Canadian Experimental Farms. Fruit large, very dark red, nearly black
when ripe; flesh sweet, nearly free from astringency; quality good;
ripens in Manitoba the last of August.
=Chapman.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 130. 1897. =2.= _Cal.
Nur. Cat._ =1=:14. 1898. =3.= _Ore. Nur. Cat._ 21. 1903. =4.= _Am. Pom.
Soc. Cat._ 26. 1909.
Chapman was grown by W. H. Chapman of Napa, California, and is supposed
to be a seedling of Black Tartarian, surpassing that variety in size and
earliness. By some horticulturists Chapman and California Advance are
considered identical, but most growers, particularly in California,
declare the two to be distinct. Fruit matures early; very large,
roundish, purplish-black; stem long, slender; flesh slightly tender;
very good in quality; stone small.
=Cheresoto.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._
=130=:184, Pl. 10, Pl. 11, 185. 1911.
Cheresoto is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the De Soto plum from
the South Dakota Experiment Station. The tree resembles the plum in
growth but the fruit, in looks and flavor, is like that of the Sand
Cherry. Fruit rather long with a prickle at the apex; about one and
three-eighths inches in diameter; skin black with a bluish bloom, thin,
free from acerbity; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; pit clinging.
=China Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:126. 1832.
_China Heart._ =2.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 30. 1828. =3.= _Lond. Hort.
Soc. Cat._ 48. 1831.
This variety was raised from the seed of an Ox Heart by William Prince,
Flushing, New York, and at first was called China Heart. W. R. Prince in
his _Pomological Manual_ of 1832, calls it China Bigarreau as it is more
of the Bigarreau than of the Heart type of cherries. Tree vigorous,
large; fruit medium in size, roundish or oval-cordate, with a distinct
suture; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin when fully
ripe, glossy red mottled with lighter red; flesh firm, somewhat melting,
with a sweet, rich, peculiar flavor; ripens just after Black Tartarian
and forms a link between it and the later varieties; very productive.
=Choque.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 15, 191. 1876. =2.= Mas
_Pom. Gen._ =11=:141, 142. 1882.
_Guigne Choque._ =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 482. 1904.
Originated near Metz, Lorraine, Germany. Tree vigorous, productive;
fruit rather large; of a deep red color at maturity; flesh white,
slightly tinted with a rose color, firm, very juicy, sweet; ripens the
last of June.
=Christbauer.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 42. 1892.
A sort reported to ripen before Early Richmond.
=Christiana.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 206.
1854.
This variety was raised by B. B. Kirtland, Greenbush, New York, and
resembles May Duke in character of tree and fruit. The fruit is borne in
clusters, is of a bright, lively red color, and has a sprightly subacid
flavor.
=Churchill Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 48. 1831.
=2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 290. 1884.
Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped; stem long; cavity
shallow; skin glossy, of a clear, waxen, pale yellow, bright red when
exposed to the sun, mottled with dark red and orange; flesh pale yellow,
firm, sweet, rich, moderately juicy; season the end of July.
=Cistena.= _P. pumila × P. pissardi._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._
=130=:190, 191. 1911.
Cistena is a cross between the Sand Cherry and _Prunus pissardi_,
interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage.
=Clark September.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._
=22=:XVIII. 1890.
Clark September is a local sort from Lower Granville, Nova Scotia. The
fruits are of medium size and when fully ripe are of a dark red color;
flesh firm, of a sweet and agreeable flavor.
=Cluster Black Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 481.
1904.
Tree vigorous; fruit small or of medium size, cordate; stem long; skin
glossy, black; flesh very dark red, tender, juicy, agreeably mild acid;
ripens in July.
=Cocklin Favorite.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =3=:249 fig., 1861.
=2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 458. 1869.
_Late Amber._ =3.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:381. 1862.
This seedling was introduced by E. H. Cocklin, Shepherdstown,
Pennsylvania, but its origin is unknown. Tree upright, conical, very
productive; fruit large, roundish, regular, slightly compressed,
somewhat flattened at the base, almost without a suture; apex depressed;
stem long, slender; cavity deep; skin yellowish shaded and mottled in
the sun with a light crimson; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, vinous;
quality good; stone very small for the size of the fruit; season late.
=Coe Late Carnation.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 216. 1854.
=2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1857.
_Coe's Späte Rote Kirsche._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 343, 344. 1889.
This is a late variety of unknown origin--possibly a seedling of
Carnation. Fruit medium to large, cordate; suture shallow; color
yellowish-amber mottled with clear red; flesh tender, juicy, subacid;
quality fair; season the last of July.
=Coeur de Pigeon Noir.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:148. 1882.
Fruit of medium size, cordate, slightly elongated.
=Coeur de Poule.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:124. 1832.
_Gros Bigarreau coeur-de-Poule_ =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 65. 1881.
According to Prince, this variety was rather extensively cultivated in
the south of France especially in the vicinity of Toulouse, where it was
known as Cor dè Galino. The fruit ripens in July, has the form of the
Hearts; its vivid red changes to nearly black as does also the juice.
=Cole.= _P. cerasus._
Cole is a rather small-sized Morello of little value and no doubt now
out of cultivation. Fruit cordate, compressed along the sutures; stem
long, slender, set in a wide cavity; skin nearly black; flesh tender,
rather meaty, dark red, lighter near the pit, having abundant,
wine-colored juice, sour, sprightly; stone clings; season late.
=Columbia.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 459. 1869.
Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size,
heart-shaped, inclining to a point, surface angular and uneven, sides
compressed; suture deep, narrow; stem long, slender; cavity large, deep;
skin whitish-yellow, blushed and mottled with light red; flesh whitish,
stained with pink, tender, juicy, pleasant; season the last of June.
=Common Morello.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:143, 144.
1832. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 103. 1852.
_Wild Morello._ =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.
_Common Red Morello._ =4.= _Kan. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 144. 1886.
This variety must not be confused with the well-known English Morello.
Through self-propagation, it is widely known, as are its many seedlings
which oft-times surpass it in size and quality.
=Como.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Comtesse de Médicis Spada.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160.
1882.
Listed without a description.
=Condé.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:35. 1771.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Conestoga.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:423. 1853. =2.=
_Horticulturist_ =17=:381. 1862.
Conestoga was introduced by Casper Hiller, Conestoga, Lancaster County,
Pennsylvania. Tree a rampant, spreading grower, very productive; fruit
very large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed and indented at the
apex; suture shallow; stem very long, inserted in an open cavity; skin
deep red, purplish, somewhat mottled; flesh firm, rather tender, juicy,
sugary, brisk; quality good; season early July.
=Constance Maisin.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 25. 1876.
=2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895.
This is a Belgian variety, which, according to _Guide Pratique_, 1895,
is very similar to Montmorency.
=Cook Imperial.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt._ 25. 1904-05.
This variety, a seedling of Napoleon, originated with Steven Cook,
Benton Harbor, Michigan. It is mentioned as a promising new sort,
resembling Black Tartarian in shape, flavor, color, and length of stem
but earlier and larger.
=Cornelia.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 459. 1869.
Cornelia originated with Charles Pease, near Cleveland, Ohio. Tree
vigorous, upright-spreading, very productive; fruit medium to above in
size, compressed, heart-shaped; suture slight; stem long; cavity narrow,
deep; skin whitish-yellow, shaded with bright crimson on the sunny side;
flesh light yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, rather lively; quality good;
stone small; season the last of June.
=Corning.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 72. 1899. =2.= _Ia.
Sta. Bul._ =73=:66 fig. 1903.
Corning is a cross between the Wragg and Lutovka and originated with A.
F. Collman, Corning, Iowa. Fruit oblate-cordate, above medium in size;
suture lacking; stem of medium length, stout, inserted in a medium deep,
narrow cavity; skin rather thick, tender, red; flesh firm, breaking;
juice slightly colored, briskly subacid; quality good; stone medium
large, ovate; ripens in August.
=Corone.= _P. avium._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 572. 1629. =2.= Rea
_Flora_ 205. 1676. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 291. 1884.
_Englische Schwarze Kronherzkirsche._ =4.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort._ 149-152. 1819. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 347. 1889.
Corone, as the references show, is one of the oldest-named varieties,
though strictly speaking, since it was largely grown from seed,
according to the old writers, it is a type and not a variety. In
character of fruit it seems to be midway between Black Mazzard and Black
Tartarian. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit below medium in size,
roundish-cordate, compressed and often roughened; suture deep; stem
slender, long; cavity deep, round, narrow; color a deep, shining black;
flesh dark purple, very firm, sweet; ripens late.
=Corwin.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Elliott Fr. _Book_ 216. 1854.
This is a medium-sized, roundish, red Morello with tender, acid flesh
and a large stone; season July.
=Coularde.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort._ 424-427.
1819.
_Cerisier de Hollande._ =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =1=:184, 185, Pl.
10. 1768. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:298, 346. 1877. =4.= Mathieu _Nom.
Pom._ 363. 1889.
_Holländische Weichselbaum mit sehr grosser Frucht_ [or] _Coulard._ =5.=
Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =1=:5, Tab. 12 fig. 2. 1792.
_Holländische grosse Kirsche Coulard._ =6.= Christ _Handb._ 670. 1797.
_Holländische grosse Weichsel [or] Coulard._ =7.= Christ Wörterb. 284.
1802.
_Holland Griotte._ =8.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:141. 1832. =9.= Kenrick
_Am. Orch._ 280. 1832.
_Holländische Süssweichsel._ =10.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3:=51.
1858.
_Cerisier coulard de Holland._ =11.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._
=2:=505. 1860.
Leroy states that Coularde has been known since 1740 but is often
confused with other cherries. According to Leroy, this variety was
reintroduced as a novelty about 1864, under the name Belle d'Orleans.
American writers, however, list a Belle d'Orleans as early as 1850,
which is of the Guigne type rather than the Griotte. Tree the largest of
its class; branches strong and straight; blooms profusely; fruit large,
round; skin red; flesh firm, reddish-white, sweet, agreeable; ripens the
end of June. The pistils being much longer than the stamens, many
flowers are never fertilized which gives the blossoms a blighted
appearance.
=Courte-queue de Gaiberg.= Species? =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23, 192.
1876.
_Courte-pendu de Gaiberg._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed as having been received from Germany on the recommendation of
Oberdieck.
=Crawford.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11:=160. 1882.
Listed, not described.
=Crown Prince.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 465. 1900.
Tree vigorous; fruit above medium in size, cordate; skin yellow with a
light red blush; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, refreshing; quality good;
ripens the last of May.
=Cserszeger Honigkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55.
1907.
A yellow Heart cherry.
=Cullen Cherrie.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 574. 1629.
"The Cullen Cherrie is a darke red cherrie like the Agriot, which they
of those parts neere Cullen and Vtrecht &c. vse to put into their
drinke, to give it the deeper colour."
=Cumberland.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 205. 1854.
_Triumph of Cumberland._ =2.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:100. 1852. =3.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 267, 268. 1857. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11:=87,
88, fig. 44. 1882.
_Cumberland Heart._ =5.= _Gard. Mon._ =2=:118. 1860.
_Cumberland Spice._ =6.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:498. 1862.
Cumberland is a chance seedling found in Cumberland County,
Pennsylvania; introduced by David Miller of Carlisle. Tree strong in
growth, erect, vigorous, productive; fruit obtuse-cordate, sides
compressed; stem rather long, slender, set in a broad, open cavity; apex
slightly depressed; suture entirely around the fruit, but a line on one
side; skin medium thick, tough, clear purple changing to a
purplish-black; flesh deep purple, crisp, aromatic, with abundant,
colored juice; quality good; pit roundish-oval, compressed, slightly
clinging; ripens the middle of June.
=Cyclone.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Nova Scotia Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 23. 1894.
This variety is said in Nova Scotia to be somewhat similar to Wood and
Rockport but to be superior to either in size and quality.
=Dacotah.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:402, 403. 1860. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 459. 1869.
Dacotah is a seedling of one of Professor J. P. Kirtland's sorts,
originated by his son-in-law, Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. In growth
it resembles Rockport; in fruit, Black Tartarian although it is later.
The fruit is borne on spurs on the body as well as on the limbs, thus
being protected from birds by the foliage. Fruit medium to large,
heart-shaped, compressed; suture shallow; stem long, slender; cavity
deep, narrow; skin rich dark red, almost black, slightly roughened;
flesh rather tender, purplish, juicy, sweet; of high quality; stone of
medium size; productive.
=Daiber Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._
344. 1889.
Listed by Mathieu.
=Dankelmannskirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
242-246, 677. 1819.
_Schwefelkirsche._ =2.= Krünitz _Enc._ 72, 73. 1790.
_Agatkirsche._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 666. 1797.
_Dankelmann's Weisse Herzkirsche._ =4.= _Ibid._ 666. 1797.
_Kleine weisse Perlkirsche._ =5.= _Ibid._ 683. 1797.
_Dankelmann's Molkenkirsche._ =6.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:28.
1858.
_Bigarreautier à fruit jaune?_ =7.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:504.
1860.
_Bigarreau jaune._ =8.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:133. 1866.
In 1791, Truchsess received grafts of what he thought were several
distinct varieties and disseminated them as such. Later, they were found
to be identical with the Dankelmann. The fruit is recognized from others
of its class by its small size, its honey sweetness, its peculiar color
and its transparent skin. Fruit more round than cordate, with a shallow
suture; stem slender, inserted in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin yellow
washed with red, transparent allowing the pit to be visible; flesh
yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, very sweet if ripened thoroughly;
stone small, round, almost free when ripe; season the last of June to
July.
=Datge.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.
Mentioned in this reference as being moderate in growth.
=Davenport.= _P. avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:154. 1832.
_Davenport's Early Red._ =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 218. 1835.
_Davenport's Early Black._ =3.= _Ibid._ 233. 1841.
_Davenport's Early._ =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 172, 173. 1845.
This early cherry, resembling somewhat Black Heart, was originated
nearly a century ago by Edward Davenport, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
Tree medium in size, productive; fruit above medium to large,
roundish-cordate; stem long, rather thick; skin bright red becoming
purplish-black; flesh firm but tender, sprightly, pleasant, juicy,
sweet; very good in quality; season early.
=De Belleu.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.
Mentioned in this reference as being a variety of moderate growth.
=De Jacap.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 52. 1831.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=De Ravaene.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed without a description.
=De Sibérie à gros fruit et à rameaux pendans.= Species? =1.= Noisette
_Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:508. 1860.
This is a dwarf ornamental tree bearing small, oval, mediocre fruits
ripening in August and September.
=De Spa.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:363. 1851. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 278. 1857.
De Spa is a medium-sized, dark red, acid Morello forming a prolific
bush, ripening soon after May Duke.
=De Vaux.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:59. 1900.
Listed in the reference given.
=Dearborn Red French.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._
280. 1832.
This is a Duke cherry imported from France by H. A. S. Dearborn,
Roxbury, Massachusetts. The name having been lost, the importer renamed
it.
=Dechenaut.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 78. 1866.
Fruit large, roundish-cordate, broad at the base, rather flattened;
suture faint; skin bright cornelian-red, becoming darker red when ripe,
glossy; stem long, set in a wide, deep cavity; flesh tender, succulent;
resembling May Duke in flavor and season.
=Delaware Bleeding Heart.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 61.
1898.
This is a medium-sized, dark red, nearly black fruit with solid flesh
and good flavor.
=Delicate.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =2.=
Elliott _Fr. Book_ 193 fig. 1854.
Delicate was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in
1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed with Black
Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Tree moderately vigorous,
upright-spreading, productive; fruit medium to large, roundish-oblate;
suture rather pronounced; stem medium in length; skin thin, translucent,
amber-yellow overspread and mottled with light carmine; flesh pale
yellow, juicy, pleasant, sweet; very good in quality; stone small,
roundish-oval; season the last of June and the first of July.
=Délicieuse.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed by Mas.
=Denner Black.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 48. 1831.
Listed but not described.
=Des Cheneaux.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Deutsche Belzweichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Wörterb._ 290. 1802.
=2.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 603, 604, 605. 1819.
Probably this is but a wild seedling used in grafting. Fruit of medium
size, round; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, set in a shallow
cavity; skin glossy, dark brown; flesh firm, dark, reddish directly
under the skin, juicy, with a sourish wine-flavor; stone small, oval;
ripens the middle of July.
=Disnoder Gewürzkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Proskauer Obstsort._ 55.
1907.
Listed as a black Bigarreau.
=Ditst.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=: 160. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Dobbeete Moreller.= Species? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 54. 1831.
Listed in this reference.
=Doctay.= Species? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =17=:498. 1862.
Reported in the reference as a good, late cherry of second size as grown
by E. Manning, Harrisburg, Ohio.
=Doctor.= _P. avium._ 1. _Horticulturist_ =2=:123 fig. 1847-48. =2.=
_Mag. Hort._ =19=:167, 168. 1853. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:37, 38, fig.
17. 1866-73. _American Doctor._ =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 71. 1866.
Doctor was originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in
1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed with Black
Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Hogg called it American Doctor to
distinguish it from the German Doctorkirsche. Tree of medium vigor,
upright-spreading, healthy, very productive; fruit medium to large,
roundish-cordate; stem long, rather slender; skin light yellow, mottled,
blushed and at times almost entirely overspread with red; flesh pale
yellow, juicy, tender, aromatic, sweet; good in quality; stone small.
=Dr. Flynn.= _P. avium._ =1.= Coates _Cat._ 1911-12.
Dr. Flynn is a chance seedling which originated in Portland, Oregon,
with a Dr. Flynn. Fruit large, dark red; similar to Lambert in shape;
preceding Napoleon.
=Dr. Wiseman.= _P. avium._ =1.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 23. 1892. =2.= Thomas
_Am. Fruit Cult._ 321. 1897.
This cherry was named after Dr. Wiseman, Davie County, North Carolina,
who claimed it to be the earliest Sweet Cherry. Van Lindley believes it
to be the Doctor which originated with Professor Kirtland. Fruit of
medium size, light yellow, shaded with bright red, resembling Wood.
=Doctorkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 161. 1791. =2.=
Christ _Handb._ 674. 1797. =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 402-405.
1819. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 497 fig., 498. 1861.
This variety was first mentioned in 1791. It should not be confused with
another sort mentioned by Büttner and Truchsess as Doctorknorpelkirsche.
Fruit large, roundish, somewhat compressed; stem long; cavity rather
deep; skin tough, brownish-red changing to reddish-black; flesh dark
red, melting, juicy, sweet yet with a sprightly flavor; pit round,
slightly pointed; ripens the middle of July.
=Doctorknorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
201, 202, 203. 1819. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:37. 1858.
According to Truchsess, this sort was received by him in 1797, from
Büttner at Leipzig under the name of Doctorkirsche. Because one or two
other sorts were growing at that time under this name, Christ changed
this one, following Büttner's description, to Doctorkirsche mit Hartem
Fleisch, which has since been shortened to Doctorknorpelkirsche. Fruit
large, slightly compressed; stem long and slender; color black; flesh
firm, clear red, juicy, agreeably sweet; ripens the middle of August.
=Dollaner Schwarze.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 9 fig., 10. 1867.
According to Oberdieck, this variety originated at Dollan, Bohemia,
Austria, the home of the Dollaner prune. Fruit above medium in size,
truncate-cordate, traversed entirely by a suture; stem slender, long,
set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin tough, brownish-black with light
spots, wholly black when ripe; flesh and juice dark red, flesh firm, but
tender enough to be classed among the Hearts, sweet, aromatic, with a
slight sourness before fully ripe; stone elongated-oval; season late.
=Donna Maria.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 326. 1851. =2.=
_Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862. =3.= _Am. Hort. An._ 84 fig. 41, 85.
1869.
This is a Morello cherry, probably of French origin. It is distinct from
the Early May grown in the West with which it has been confused. Donna
Maria held a place on the American Pomological Society's catalog of
fruits from 1862 until 1899. Tree small, productive; fruit medium in
size, roundish, dark red; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly; good in
quality; season late.
=Doppelte Weichsel.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Christ _Handb._ 673. 1797. =2.=
Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_. 505, 506, 507. 1819.
_Doppelte Amarelle._ =3.= Christ _Obstbäume_ 158. 1791.
Christ first described this variety as Doppelte Amarelle but in his
later writings changed it to Doppelte Weichsel. It is distinguished from
the Spanische Frühweichsel in being larger, longer in stem, and sourer.
Fruit above medium in size, globular; suture shallow; stem long, rather
stout, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark brownish-red, thin, not glossy
in wet years; flesh dark, firm for a Weichsel, juicy, light colored,
pleasing subacid; pit small, more round than broad, free; season the end
of June.
=Dorotheenkirsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 347. 1889.
Mentioned in this reference.
=Dörrells Neue Himbeerkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Dochnahl Führ.
_Obstkunde_ =3=:27. 1858.
Tree productive; fruit large, cordate, flattened; stem stout; skin dark
red; flesh firm, whitish, sweet, aromatic; stone small; ripens at the
end of June.
=Doty.= Species? =1.= _Am. Inst. An. Rpt._ 212. 1867.
This is a small but pleasantly flavored seedling exhibited by William M.
Doty, Star Landing, New Jersey.
=Double Yellow Spanish.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 331.
1885.
This variety was imported to America by Professor J. L. Budd of Ames,
Iowa. The tree has a drooping habit, large foliage and sweet fruit of
best quality.
=Douce de Bardowick.= _P. avium._ =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Dougall.= Species? =1.= _Cult. & Count. Gent._ =39=:454. 1874.
Dougall is a large, black, seedling fruit introduced by James Dougall,
Amherstburgh, Canada. Ripens before Early Purple.
=Doulin Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 460. 1869.
This is a foreign variety which may not be distinct. Tree a rapid,
spreading grower, bears early; fruit large, heart-shaped, compressed on
one side; stem slender, curved, set in a deep cavity; suture slight;
skin dark purplish-red; flesh pinkish, rather tender, juicy, sweet,
pleasant; quality good; season early June.
=Dove Bank.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed in the reference given.
=Downing Red Cheek.= _P. avium._ =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 186 fig.
76. 1845. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 205. 1854.
_Rouge de Downing._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:85, 86, fig. 41. 1866-73.
_Downing's Sämling._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 346. 1889.
This attractive cherry, resembling Yellow Spanish, was raised by A. J.
Downing,[85] Newburgh, New York, about 1840; its exact parentage is
unknown. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit medium to
large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; stem long, slender, inserted
in a shallow cavity; skin thin, yellowish-white blushed and mottled with
attractive dark crimson; flesh yellowish but often very nearly white,
half-tender, juicy, delicate, sweet; good in quality; stone medium in
size; ripens from the middle to the last of June.
=Downton.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Pom. Mag._ =3=:138 Pl. 1830. =2.= Prince
_Pom. Man._ =2=:124. 1832. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 74. 1862. =4.=
_Ill. Handb._ 485 fig., 486. 1861.
_Downtoner Molkenkirsche._ =5.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =3=:30. 1858.
_Guigne Downton._ =6.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:98, 303. 1866. =7.=
Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:321 fig. 1877.
_Impératrice Downton_? =8.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =II=:161. 1882.
Downton was raised early in the Nineteenth Century by T. A. Knight,
Downton Castle, England, from a seed of Elton. Tree strong in growth,
spreading; fruit attached in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate, roundish;
stem rather long, slender; skin pale yellowish, heavily specked with
red, which often merges into a blush on the sunny side; flesh light
yellow, very tender, juicy; high in quality; stone slightly adherent;
ripens after May Duke.
=Dresdener Mai Herzkirsche.= _P. Avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23.
1876.
A very early Heart cherry received by Thomas from Germany.
=Drogan White Bigarreau.= _P. Avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 79.
1866. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 20, 188. 1876.
_Drogan's Weisse Knorpelkirsche._ =3.= Truchsess-Heim _Kirschensort_.
341, 684. 1819. =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 55 fig., 56. 1867.
This is one of Drogan's seedlings from Guben, Prussia, Germany, 1809.
Leroy includes Drogan's White and Yellow Bigarreaus with his Guigne
Blanche (Grosse) but the three are distinct varieties. Tree vigorous,
productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, flattened on one side; suture
distinct; stem rather short, stout; cavity wide, deep; apex pointed;
skin tough, pale yellow, mottled and blushed with red where much
exposed; flesh firm, pale yellow, juicy, sweet; stone plump, ovate to
oval; desirable for table and kitchen use; late.
=Drogan Yellow Bigarreau.= _P. Avium._ =1.= _Ill. Handb._ 147 fig., 148.
1860. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 79, 80. 1866. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:111,
112, fig. 54. 1866-73. Bigarreau (Golden)? =4.= Fell _Cat._ 41. 1893-94.
Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large to very large, oblate-cordate,
resembling May Duke, compressed on the faces, truncate at the base,
traversed by a shallow suture; stem long, stout, inserted in a wide,
deep cavity; skin rather glossy, clear yellow, golden in the sun; flesh
firm, yellowish, having abundant, uncolored juice, with a sweetness
which increases as the season advances; quality high; pit small, turgid,
roundish-oval, truncate at the base; ripens late.
=Drogans Schwarze Knorpelkirsche.= _P. Avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensort_. 206, 207, 677. 1819.
A Prussian seedling from Guben, Germany, which in favorable years is of
good size and pleasant flavor; skin black; flesh firm, juicy, colored;
ripens the middle of July.
=Drooping Guigne.= _P. Avium._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:119. 1832.
_Guignier à rameaux pendans._ =2.= Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. =2=:503.
1860.
Noisette lists this variety under the Merisiers while others take it to
be Toussaint which it resembles in habit of growth. Fruit large,
roundish or heart-shaped, glossy black, with a long stem; flesh
reddish-black, watery, sweet; season July; very productive.
=Du Comte Egger.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Listed, not described.
=Du Nord Nouvelle.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 326. 1851.
Mentioned as a Morello from France ripening in August. Fruit of medium
size, bright red, tender, acid; useful because of its lateness.
=Duchesse d'Angoulême.= _P. Cerasus._ =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:155, 156,
fig. 76. 1866-73. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:261. 1877. =3.= Ia. _Sta.
Bul._ =73=:67, fig. 12. 1903.
_Herzogin von Angouleme._ =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 535 fig., 536. 1861.
Duchesse d'Angoulême is supposed to have come from the vicinity of
Vienna, Austria, although some writers give France as its place of
origin. It is often confused with other sorts. Tree large, vigorous,
upright, slightly spreading, productive; fruit medium to above in size,
roundish-oblate; stem rather long and thick, set in a large, deep
cavity; skin firm, bright red; flesh yellowish white, tender, juicy,
sprightly, agreeably aromatic at extreme maturity; quality fair to good;
stone nearly round, slightly compressed; ripens from the middle to the
end of June.
=Duchesse de Palluau.= _P. avium × P. cerasus._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._
=19=:407 fig. 28. 1853. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:261, 262 fig. 1877.
=3.= _Rev. Hort._ 236, 237, Pl. 1901.
_Herzogin von Paluau._ =4.= _Ill. Handb._ 169 fig., 170. 1860.
_Précoce Lemercier_ incor. =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:142-146,
fig. 1866.
Duchesse de Palluau was raised about 1840 by M. Pierre Bretonneau near
Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France. In 1844 he gave cions of this variety,
under the name Duchesse de Palluau, to Leroy who propagated and probably
disseminated the sort. Tree large, productive; fruit medium to large,
heart-shaped, compressed; stem long, slender; skin thin, dark purple
becoming almost black; flesh tinged with red, juicy, brisk subacid
becoming sweet; good in quality; stone nearly free, oblong-ovate, small;
ripens in early mid-season.
=Duke of Edinburgh.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales_ =19=:998.
1908.
Tree stunted, upright; fruit too small and soft for market; similar to
Belle d'Orleans; ripens in November in Australia.
=Dumas.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Mentioned in the reference given.
=Dunkelrothe Knorpelkirsche.= _P. avium._ =1.= Truchsess-Heim
_Kirschensor_. 680-682. 1819.
_Bigarreau à Longue Queue._ =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:121, 122
fig., 123, 219. 1866.
_Bigarreau Rouge Foncé._ =3.= _Ibid._ =2=:302. 1866.
_Bigarreau Violet._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:249 fig. 1877.
This variety probably originated with Van Mons in Belgium about 1790. It
was received by Truchsess a little later as a French sort under the name
Bigarreau Violet. Fruit large, elongated-cordate, sides compressed;
suture very distinct dividing the fruit into halves; stem very long,
more deeply inserted in unripe fruits; skin firm but not tough,
yellowish, overspread with dark red, verging to violet; flesh yellowish,
firm, juicy; quality excellent; stone free, small, roundish-oval; apex
acutely pointed; ripens the middle of June.
=Duraccia.= _P. avium._ =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 292. 1893. =2.= _Am.
Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 175. 1895.
E. E. Goodrich, Santa Clara, California, received cions of this variety
from Lucca, Italy, thinking it to be the famous "Pistojese" used
extensively in Italy for brandying. Fruit above medium in size, cordate;
stem long, slender, set in a large, deep, regular cavity; suture deep,
extending beyond the apex; skin thin, tough, smooth, glossy, finely
pitted, dark purple to almost black; flesh red with lighter veinings,
firm, meaty, rich, sweet; quality very good; pit of medium size, plump,
partially adherent; season at Santa Clara the last of July to August;
ships well; has not been reported from the eastern states.
=Dure Noir Grosse.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.
Not described.
=Dwarf Siberian.= _P.fruticosa._ =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:153. 1832.
_Dutch Weeping._ =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 48. 1831.
_De Sibérie._ =3.= _Ibid._ 55. 1831. =4.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =2=:No.
20, Pl. 1846.
_Weeping._ =5.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 283. 1832.
_De Sibérie à fruit rond_? =6.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:508.
1860.
Dwarf Siberian belongs to _Prunus fruticosa_, the dwarf cherry of the
Old World, of which _Cerasus chamaecerasus_ is a synonym. This cherry
was introduced into America by Prince of Flushing, New York, and was
thought by him to be the most suitable species to furnish stocks for
dwarf trees. At best the variety reaches a height of from three to four
feet with branches very numerous, forming a dense shrub. The flowers
have long peduncles, often solitary but are usually united in umbels of
from three to five each, which are sessile and axillary; fruit globular,
red, small; flesh red, very acid, tender.
=Early Amarella.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Albertson & Hobbs _Cat._ 26. 1904.
=2.= Vincennes _Nur. Cat._ 26. 1906.
Tree upright, hardy, very productive; fruit large, brilliant red
becoming darker as it gets riper; stem very long.
=Early Amber.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69. 80. 1866, =2.=
_Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 45. 1831.
_River's Early Amber Heart._ =3.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 234. 1841. =4.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 177. 1845.
_Guigne panachée précoce._ =5.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:97, 208.
1866.
_Bigarreau Ambré Précoce._ =6.= Mas _Le Verger_ =8=:49, 50, fig. 23.
1866-73. =7.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:174, 175 fig. 1877.
Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England, is given credit for this
variety as a strain of the old Early White Heart. Leroy, however, states
that his grandfather propagated this cherry under the name Cerise
Panache or Suisse, as early as 1790 but without knowing its origin. He
dropped the _précoce_ because other varieties ripened long before this
one. Tree vigorous, erect, productive; fruit borne in threes, medium in
size, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; suture wide; stem long,
slender, set in a straight, deep cavity; skin firm, medium thick,
changing from lively red to reddish-brown; flesh yellowish, tender,
cracking, with uncolored juice, sweet, aromatic; pit large for the
fruit; season early.
=Early Black Bigarreau.= _P. avium._ =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 69, 80.
1866. =2.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:302. 1866.