Macpherson, Major S. C., i. 250
McTaggart, Dr. J. McT. Ellis, ii. 309 _n._ 1
Madagascar, ii. 116;
crocodiles respected in, 214 _sq._;
belief in transmigration among the tribes of, 289 _sq._
Madder-harvest, Dutch custom at, i. 231, 235 _sq._
Madi or Moru tribe of Central Africa, ii. 314
Madonna, effigies of, sold and eaten, ii. 94
Maggots eaten as an initiatory rite, ii. 141
Magic dwindles into divination, i. 110 _n._;
sympathetic, 1, 11, 102, ii. 271;
homoeopathic or imitative, i. 10, 62, 262, 267, 331, 333, 334;
of a flesh diet, 138 _sqq._
Magical changes of shape, i. 305
—— significance of games in primitive agriculture, i. 92 _sqq._
Magnesia on the Maeander, i. 3;
sacrifice of bull at, ii. 7 _sq._
Magpies’ nests, custom of robbing the, ii. 321 _n._ 3
Magyar tale, ii. 263
Mahakam River, i. 98, 99 _n._ 1, 186, 187, 314
Mai Darat, the, ii. 102
Maiden, name given to last corn cut, i. 150, 153, 155 _sqq._, 164 _sqq._
—— Feast at end of harvest, i. 156
Maidenhead, name of last standing corn, i. 158
_Maidhdean-buain_, i. 155
Maize cultivated in Africa, i. 114, 115, 119, 130;
cultivated in South America, 122, 124;
cultivated in Assam, 123;
American personification of, 171 _sqq._;
cultivated in Burma, 242;
thought to be dependent on the Pleiades, 310
—— -goddess, Mexican, i. 176
—— -mother, i. 172 _sqq._
Makalaka, the, ii. 110
Makanga, the, ii. 287
Malagasy, the, venerate crocodiles, ii. 215
Malas, the, a caste of pariahs, ii. 93
Malay Peninsula, the Rice-mother in the, i. 197 _sqq._
Malays of Patani Bay, ii. 212
Male organ, effigy of, in rites of Dionysus, i. 12;
effigy of, in Thracian ceremony, 26, 29
Malko-Tirnovsko, ii. 331
Mamilian tower, ii. 42, 44
Mandans, the, i. 204
Mandeling, a district of Sumatra, i. 197, ii. 216
Maneros, i. 215, 258, 259, 261, 263, 264
Mang-Shen, god of agriculture, ii. 11, 12
Mango tree, ii. 119
Mania, the Mother or Grandmother of Ghosts, ii. 94, 96
_Maniae_, a kind of loaf, ii. 94
Manii at Aricia, many, ii. 94 _sqq._
Manioc cultivated in Africa, i. 119;
cultivated in South America, 120 _sqq._
Mannewars, the, ii. 119
Mannhardt, W., i. 11, 131, 132, 135, 138, 204, 217 _n._ 1, 218 _n._ 1,
222, 258, 292, 294, ii. 2, 42 _n._ 1, 263, 325, 337
Manslayers taste the blood of their victims, ii. 154 _sq._
Mantinea, sanctuary of Demeter at, i. 46 _n._ 2;
games in honour of Antinous at, 80, 85
_Manu, Laws of_, ii. 298
Manure, ashes used as, i. 117
Many Manii at Aricia, ii. 94 _sqq._
Maoris, the, i. 313, ii. 133, 156, 252
Maraves, the, ii. 111
March, the first of, ii. 322 _n._
Mare in foal, last sheaf of corn given to, i. 160, 162, 168
—— or horse, corn-spirit as, i. 292 _sqq._
Marimos, human sacrifices among the, i. 240, 251
Mariner, W., quoted, ii. 128 _sqq._
Marno, E., ii. 39
Marriage, mock, at Carnival masquerade, i. 27;
of Queen of Athens to Dionysus, 30 _sq._;
sacred, of Zeus and Demeter in Eleusinian mysteries, 65 _sqq._;
of mice, ii. 278
Mars, red-haired men sacrificed to the planet, i. 261 _sq._;
horse sacrificed to, at Rome, ii. 42
Masai, the, i. 317, ii. 83, 288
Masked dances, i. 95 _sq._, 111, 186, ii. 208 _n._ 1;
in ritual, 339
Masks worn by Egyptian kings, i. 260 _sq._;
worn by women, ii. 232 _sq._, 234;
worn by mummers at Carnival, 333
Maskers in Thrace at Carnival, i. 26 _sqq._
Maspero, Sir G., i. 260 _n._ 2
Masquerade at sowing festival, i. 95 _sq._, 98, 186 _sq._
Master of the Fish, ii. 252
—— of Life, ii. 134, 135
Matabelé, the, i. 115, ii. 275;
their festival of new fruits, 70 _sq._
Matse tribe of Ewe negroes, ii. 115
Matthes, Dr. B. F., ii. 122
Mausolus, ii. 158
Mawu Sodza, a Ewe goddess, ii. 115
May, J. D., ii. 281 _n._ 2
May, the first of, ii. 321 _n._ 3
Maypole, ii. 44
“Meal and ale,” i. 160
Meat and milk, dietary rules as to, ii. 83 _sq._
Mecklenburg, harvest customs in, i. 273, 274, 283
Medea and Aeson, ii. 143
Medicine-man, ii. 217, 220;
dance of, 72
Medium inspired by crocodile spirit, ii. 213;
mediums inspired by spirits of lions, leopards, and serpents, 213
Medontids, the, i. 86
_Megara_, ii. 17 _n._ 6
Meilichios, epithet of Dionysus, i. 4
Melancholy, characteristic of men of genius, ii. 302 _n._ 5
Melanesians, their observation of the Pleiades, i. 313
_Mell_, last corn cut, i. 151 _sq._
—— -doll, i. 151
—— -sheaf, i. 151 _sq._
—— -supper, i. 151
Men, parts of, eaten to acquire their qualities, ii. 148 _sqq._;
disguised as animals, processions of, 325 _sqq._
Mendalam River, i. 97, 98, 187
Menstruous women, disability of, ii. 253 _sq._
Meriah, the human victim among the Khonds, i. 245, 246, 249, 250
Metageitnion, an Attic month, i. 77
“Metropolis of the Corn,” i. 58
Mexican custom of eating a man as an embodiment of a god, ii. 92 _sq._
—— customs at maize-harvest, i. 174 _sqq._
—— human sacrifices, i. 236 _sqq._
—— sacraments, ii. 86 _sqq._
Meyer, Prof. E., i. 260 _n._ 2
_Mhaighdean-Bhuana_ (or _Maighdean-Buana_), i. 156, 164 _sq._
Miamis, the, i. 206
Mice, the genius of, ii. 243;
superstitious precautions taken by farmers against, 276 _sqq._, 281;
superstition as to white, 279, 283;
their ravages on the crops, 282
Midas, King of Phrygia, i. 217
Middleton, J. H., i. 14 _n._ 3, 266
Midsummer solstice, rainmaking ceremony performed at the, ii. 179
Mildew worshipped by the Romans, ii. 282
—— Apollo, ii. 282
Milk, taboos referring to, ii. 83 _sq._;
temporary abstinence from, 161;
offered to snakes, 288
Milk and meat (flesh), dietary rules as to, ii. 83 _sq._
—— of pig, ii. 24, 25
Mill, Tammuz, ground in a, i. 258
Millet cultivated in Africa, i. 115, 117;
cultivated in Assam, 123;
cultivated in New Guinea, 123
Milton, quoted, i. 147
Minahassa, ii. 54, 123
Minangkabauers of Sumatra, i. 191, ii. 211
Miniature fields dedicated to spirits, i. 233 _sq._
Minnetaree Indians, i. 204, ii. 256
Minotaur, the, i. 31
Miris of Assam, the, i. 123, ii. 145
Mirzapur, remedy for locusts in, ii. 276
Mistress, sanctuary of the, at Lycosura, ii. 46
Mithraic sacrifice of bull, ii. 10
Mnevis, sacred bull, ii. 34 _sq._
Moab, Arabs of, i. 138
Mock battle, ii. 75.
_See_ Sham Fight
Mocobis, the, i. 309
Moffat, R., i. 316
Monbuttoo, the, of Central Africa, i. 119
_Mondard_, the great, ii. 6
Mongolian peoples, ii. 257
Monkeys sacred at Fishtown, ii. 287
Months, lunar, observed by savages, i. 117, 125;
of Greek calendar, 52 _sq._, 82
Moon, reckoning by the, i. 117;
human victims sacrificed to, 261;
pigs sacrificed to the, ii. 25
Mooney, J., quoted, ii. 204 _sq._
Mopane country, South Africa, ii. 287
Moravia, harvest custom in, i. 162
Morgan, L. H., ii. 225 _n._ 1
Morning Star, the, i. 238, 315
Morocco, order of saints in, i. 21;
the Barley Bride in, 178 _sq._
Mosquito Indians, ii. 258 _n._ 2
Mother, the Great, name given to the last sheaf, i. 135 _sq._;
of the Maize, 172 _sqq._;
of the Rice, 191 _sqq._
—— -corn, name given to last sheaf threshed, i. 147
—— -cotton, i. 178
—— Earth, ii. 105
—— -sheaf, i. 135
Moulton, Professor J. H., i. 41 _n._, 131 _n._ 4
Mountains, offerings to the, ii. 134
Mourning, pretended, for insects that destroy the crops, ii. 279 _sq._
Mouse Apollo, ii. 282 _sq._
_See_ Mice
Mouth of dead fox tied up, ii. 267
Mpongwe, the, i. 119
Muganda (singular of Baganda, plural), ii. 231
Mukasa, god of the Baganda, ii. 253
Mull, harvest custom in, i. 155
_Mulungu_, spirits of the dead, ii. 111 _sq._
Murray, Miss Margaret A., i. 260 _sq._
Murray, Sir James, i. 151 _n._ 3
Muskoghees, the, ii. 150
Mutilation of dead men intended to disable their ghosts, ii. 271 _sqq._;
of ox, magical equivalent to mutilation of enemy, 271
_Muzimos_, spirits of the dead, ii. 111
Myconus, i. 66
Myres, Professor J. L., i. 62 _n._ 5
Mysteries at Mantinea, i. 46 _n._ 2
—— Eleusinian, i. 35, 37 _sqq._, 65 _sqq._, 69 _sq._, 78 _sq._, 111, 161
_sq._, 188;
the Great, their date, 51;
instituted by Eumolpus, 70;
associated with belief in immortality, 90 _sq._;
of Dionysus, 15;
Greek, i. 110
Nagas of Assam, their burial custom, ii. 100;
their belief in transmigration, 290 _sq._
Nahals, the, ii. 119
Namaquas, the, ii. 141
Nandi, the, i. 117, 317, ii. 64, 149, 155
_Nanga_, sacred enclosure in Fiji, ii. 125
Naples protected against flies and grasshoppers, ii. 281
Narrative spells, i. 104 _sqq._
Natchez Indians, ii. 135;
their festival of new corn, 77 _sqq._
Natural timekeepers, i. 53
Nauras Indians, ii. 150
Navel-string, term applied to last handful of corn, i. 150
Neck, crying the, i. 264 _sqq._
—— of the corn-spirit, i. 268
Neil, R. A., ii. 22 _n._ 4
Nemean games, i. 86
Nets treated as living beings, ii. 240 _n._ 1
New corn, eaten sacramentally, ii. 48 _sqq._
—— fire, ii. 65, 74, 75, 78;
festival of, 135
—— fruits, ceremonies at eating, ii. 52 _sqq._
—— potatoes, how eaten, ii. 51
—— rice, ceremonies at eating the, ii. 54 _sqq._
—— vessels used for new fruits, ii. 81, 83
—— yams, ceremonies at eating, ii. 53, 58 _sqq._;
festival of the, 115;
in Tonga, festival of the, 128 _sqq._
—— Britain, i. 123
—— Caledonia, ii. 151;
ceremony at eating first yams in, 53
—— Guinea, i. 313, ii. 124;
German, i. 99, 103, 104;
Dutch, 123
—— Hebrides, i. 313, ii. 125
—— Zealand, ii. 28
New Year festival of the Kayans, i. 96 _sq._, 98, 99;
dated by the Pleiades, 116, 310, 312, 315
—— Year’s Day, i. 302;
eve of, ii. 322
Niam-Niam, the, i. 119
Nias, i. 315, ii. 32, 102, 124, 276;
harvest custom in, i. 233 _sq._
Nicaragua, festivals in, ii. 91
Nicolson, A., i. 164 _sq._
Nieuwenhuis, Dr. A. W., i. 93, 94 _n._ 2, 95, 96, 97 _sq._, 98, 107
Niger Delta, burial custom in the, ii. 98
Nilsson, Professor M. P., i. 58 _n._ 1, 62 _n._ 6, ii. 8 _n._ 2
Nine, the number, in ritual, i. 195
Nisan, a Jewish month, i. 259 _n._ 1
Nishga Indians, the, ii. 106
Nonnus, on death of Dionysus, i. 12 _sq._
Nootka Indians, ii. 225, 251
Normandy, harvest customs in, i. 226, 295
North American Indians, ii. 237;
their theory of the lower animals, 205 _sq._
Northumberland, harvest customs in, i. 151
Norway, harvest customs in, i. 132, 223, 225, 280, 282
Nubas, the, of Jebel-Nuba, ii. 114
Nuehr, the, ii. 39
Nyanja-speaking tribes, ii. 26
Nyanza, Lake Victoria, i. 118
Nyikplă, a negro rain-god, ii. 45
Oath of women by the Pleiades, i. 311
Oaths accompanied by eating a sacred substance, ii. 313
Oats-bride, i. 162, 163, 164
—— -cow, i. 289, 290
—— -fool, i. 148
—— -goat, i. 270, 282, 283, 286, 287;
mummer called the, ii. 327
—— -king, i. 164
—— -man, i. 163, 223
—— -mother, i. 135
—— -queen, i. 164
—— -sow, i. 298
—— -stallion, i. 292
—— -wolf, i. 273, 274
—— -woman, i. 163
Obscene songs sung by women on special occasions, ii. 280
Octennial cycle in Greek calendar, i. 80 _sqq._
—— period of Greek games, i. 80
—— tenure of kingship, i. 82, 85
October horse, at Rome, ii. 42 _sqq._
Oesel, island of, i. 298, 302, ii. 51
Ogun, a war-god, ii. 150
Oil, human victim anointed with, i. 246, 247;
holy, ii. 123
Ointment, magical, ii. 165 _sq._
Ojibway Indians, ii. 219;
their treatment of slain bears, ii. 225 _sq._
Okanaken Indians, ii. 134
Olachen fish, ceremonies at catching the first of the season, ii. 254
_sq._
Old animal, bone of, eaten to make eater old, ii. 143
—— Barley-woman, i. 139
—— Calabar, ii. 108
—— Corn-woman at threshing, i. 147
—— Man, name given to the last sheaf, i. 136 _sqq._, 218 _sqq._;
at threshing, 148 _sq._
—— Potato Woman, i. 145
—— Rye-woman, i. 139, 140, 145, 223, 224, 232
—— Wheat-woman, i. 139
—— Wife (_Cailleach_), name given to last corn cut, i. 140 _sqq._, 164
_sqq._
—— Witch, burning the, i. 224
—— Woman, name given to last sheaf, i. 136 _sq._, 147, 223;
Cherokee personification of corn, 177
—— Woman who Never Dies, i. 204 _sq._
—— Women as representatives of the Corn-goddess, i. 125
Oloh Ngadju, the, ii. 100
Olympia, Pelops at, ii. 85
Olympiads, beginning of reckoning by, i. 82
Olympic games, i. 80, 86
Omagua Indians of Brazil, i. 309
Omaha Indians, ii. 25, 29, 207, 269, 272
Omambos, the, ii. 149
Omen, beasts and birds of, ii. 143
_Omuongo_ tree, ii. 71
Onitsha, on the Niger, ii. 58;
funeral custom at, 98 _sq._
Opium, i. 242
Oraons, human sacrifices among the, i. 244 _sq._;
of Bengal, ii. 117
Organs of generation, male and female, cakes in shape of, i. 62;
effigies of male, 12, 26, 29
Origin of agriculture, i. 128 _sq._;
of astronomy, 307
Orinoco, Indians of the, i. 124, 310, ii. 150, 236
Orion, the constellation, i. 315
Orion’s belt, i. 313, 315, 317
—— sword, i. 317
Orotchis, bear-festivals of the, ii. 197
Osculati, G., ii. 285
Osiris, i. 214, 215, 259 _sqq._;
his relation to Dionysus, 3, 32;
human sacrifices at grave of, 260;
black and green, 263;
key to mysteries of, 263;
and the pig, ii. 24 _sqq._;
in relation to sacred bulls, 34 _sqq._;
false graves of, 100;
his missing member, 264
Ostiaks, their ceremonies at killing bears, ii. 222 _sq._
Ostrich, ghost of, deceived, ii. 245
Otawa Indians, ii. 224, 250
Otawa totem clans, ii. 225 _n._ 1
Otter’s head, Aino custom as to eating, ii. 144
Otters, their bones not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, ii. 239
Ounce, ceremony at killing an, ii. 235
Ovambo, the, ii. 71;
their worship of the dead, 109 _sq._
Ox, corn-spirit as, i. 288 _sqq._;
killed on harvest field, 290;
slaughtered at threshing, 291 _sq._;
sacrificed at the _Bouphonia_, ii. 5;
as representative of the corn-spirit, 9 _sqq._;
effigy of, broken as a spring ceremony in China, 10 _sqq._;
Bechuana sacrifice of a black, 271;
sacrificed to boa-constrictor, 290
—— -stall (Bucolium) at Athens, i. 30 _sq._
—— -yoked Ploughing at Athens, i. 31
Oxen used in ploughing, i. 129 _n._ 1
Pains in back at reaping, i. 285
Palenques, the, of South America, ii. 221
Palestine, wild boars in, ii. 31 _sq._
Panathenaic games at Athens, i. 80
_Panes_, a bird-feast, ii. 170
Panopeus, i. 48
Pans in relation to goats, ii. 1 _sqq._
Papuans, the, i. 123, ii. 145;
their belief in the transmigration of souls, 295
_Paradoxurus_, souls of dead in various species of, ii. 294
Pardon of animal asked before killing it, ii. 183
Parian chronicler, i. 70
Paris protected against dormice and serpents, ii. 281
Parjas, the, ii. 27, 119
Parrots, assimilation of men to, ii. 208
Partridge, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Pasiphae and the Minotaur, i. 31
Pastoral stage of society, ii. 35, 37
—— tribes, animal sacraments among, ii. 313
Patani Bay, ii. 212
Pawnees, human sacrifices among the, i. 238 _sq._
Peacock as a totem, ii. 29;
transmigration of sinner into, 299
Pea-mother, i. 132, 135
Peas-cow, i. 290
—— -pug, i. 272
Pelew Islanders, ii. 293
—— Islands, burial custom in the, ii. 98
Pelops at Olympia, ii. 85;
his restoration to life, 263
Pembrokeshire, harvest customs in, i. 142 _sqq._;
cutting “the neck” in, 267;
hunting the wren in, ii. 320
Pentheus, death of, i. 24, 25
Pergamus, ii. 85
Permanence of simpler forms of religion, ii. 335
Persephone, mother of Zagreus by Zeus, i. 12;
rape of, 36;
a personification of the corn, 39 _sq._;
in art, 43 _sq._;
the descent of, 46, ii. 17;
associated with the ripe ears of corn, 58;
in Greek art, 88 _sq._
—— and Demeter, i. 35 _sqq._
—— and Pluto, ii. 9
Personification of corn as mother and daughter, i. 130, 207 _sqq._
Perthshire, harvest customs in, i. 156 _sq._
Peru, Indians of, i. 120, 122, ii. 249;
their worship of the Pleiades, i. 310
Peruvians, their customs as to Mother of Maize, etc., i. 171 _sqq._
Pessinus, i. 255
Phigalia, horse-headed Demeter of, ii. 21, 338
Philippine Islands, i. 240
Philistines, their charm against mice, ii. 281, 283
Philochorus, on date of _Haloa_, i. 62
Phlius, i. 17
Phoenicia, song of Linus in, i. 216
Phrygia, Lityerses in, i. 216 _sq._
_Phyllanthus emblica_, ii. 119
Piaroas Indians of the Orinoco, ii. 285
Pig, corn-spirit as, i. 298 _sqq._;
in relation to Demeter, ii. 16 _sqq._;
not eaten in Crete, 21 _n._ 1;
in ancient Egypt, 24 _sqq._
—— and Attis, ii. 22
—— -meat forbidden to women at sowing seed, i. 115
Pig’s flesh not eaten by field labourers, ii. 33, 139
Pigeons, souls of dead in, ii. 293
Pigs, sacrifice of, i. 74, 97;
not to be eaten by enchanters of crops, 100 _sq._;
sacrificed to the moon, ii. 25;
souls of dead in, 286, 295, 296
_Pilae,_ human effigies, ii. 95 _n._ 1
Pindar, old scholiast on, i. 71, 74, 77, 78;
on rebirth, 84
Pine-tree, sacred to Dionysus, i. 4
Piros Indians of Peru, ii. 286
_Pirua,_ granary of maize, i. 171 sqq.
Plaiting the last standing corn before cutting it, i. 142, 144, 153, 154,
157, 158
Plane-tree, Dionysus in, i. 3
Planets, human victims sacrificed to, i. 261 _sq._
Plants thought to be animated by spirits, ii. 82 _sq._
Plataea, Eleutherian games at, i. 80, 85
Plato and the doctrine of transmigration, ii. 308
Playfair, Major A., ii. 337
Pleiades, autumnal setting of, i. 45;
morning rising of, the signal for reaping in Greece, 48 _sq._;
in primitive calendars, 116, 307 _sqq._;
associated with the rainy season, 318
Pliny, on the setting of the Pleiades, i. 318
Plough in relation to Dionysus, i. 5;
in primitive agriculture, 113
—— Monday, i. 33;
rites of, ii. 325 _sqq._;
English celebration of, 329 _sqq._
Ploughing at Carnival, ceremony of, i. 28, 29, 331, 332, 334;
at Athens, sacred ceremony of, 31;
in Greece, season of, 45;
with oxen, 129 _n._ 1;
Chinese ceremony of, ii. 14 _sq._;
ceremonies at, 57
Ploughings, three a year, i. 53 _n._ 1;
Sacred, in Attica, 108
Ploughmen and plough-horses, the Yule Boar given to, i. 301, 303
Plutarch, on a Roman rite, ii. 108;
on immortality, i. 15;
on mourning festival of Demeter, 46;
on sacrifices, ii. 31;
on Apis, 36
Pluto called Subterranean Zeus, i. 66
—— and Persephone, ii. 9;
rude originals of, 334
Plutus, i. 208
Poland, harvest customs in, i. 144, 145, 148, 150, 277
Pollution of death, ii. 85 _n._ 3;
ceremonial, of girl at puberty, 268
Polynesia, observation of the Pleiades in, i. 313
Polynesians, ii. 28
Pomegranates sprung from blood of Dionysus, i. 14
Po-nagar, goddess of agriculture, ii. 56, 57, 58
Pondos, the, ii. 66
Pongal feast, i. 244
Pongol, a Hindoo festival, ii. 56
Pontiffs regulate Roman calendar, i. 83
Poor Old Woman, corn left on field for, i. 231 _sq._
Poppies as symbols of Demeter, i. 43 _sq._
Poppy, the, cultivated for opium, i. 242
Porcupine, a Bechuana totem, ii. 164 _sq._;
respected by some Indians, 243;
transmigration of sinner into, 299
Pork forbidden to enchanters of crops, i. 100 _sq._;
not eaten by field labourers, ii. 33;
reason for not eating, 296
Porphyry, on the _Bouphonia_, ii. 5 _n._ 1
Poseidon, first-fruits sacrificed to, ii. 133
Poso, in Celebes, i. 236, ii. 244
Potato-dog, i. 272 _sq._
—— -mother, i. 172
—— -wolf, i. 274
Potawatomi Indians, ii. 218
Prayer, the Place of, ii. 113
Prayer and spell, i. 105
Prayers to the spirits of the dead, ii. 112, 113, 124 _sq._;
addressed to dead animals, 184, 197, 224, 225, 226, 235, 236, 243, 253,
293;
to shark-idol, 292
Preachers to fish, ii. 250 _sq._
Pretence made by reapers of mowing down visitors to the harvest-field, i.
229 _sq._
Priest, chief acting as, ii. 126
Priests, first-fruits belong to, ii. 125;
of Tetzcatlipoca, ii. 165;
of shark-idols, 292
Primitive ritual, marks of, i. 169
Proarcturia, a Greek festival, i. 51
Processions with sacred animals, ii. 316 _sqq._;
of men disguised as animals, 325 _sqq._
Proclus on Dionysus, i. 13
_Proerosia_, a Greek festival of Demeter, i. 50 _sqq._, 60, 108
Prophecy, spirit of, acquired by eating certain food, ii. 143
Propitiation of wild animals by hunters, ii. 204 _sqq._;
of vermin by farmers, 274 _sqq._
Prussia, harvest customs in, i. 136, 137, 139, 150 _sq._, 209, 219, 280,
281 _sq._, 288, 292
Prussians, the old, ii. 133;
their custom at sowing, i. 288
Pruyssenaere, E. de, ii. 38 _sq._
Psylli, a Snake clan, ii. 174
Puberty, ceremonial pollution of girl at, ii. 268
Pueblo Indians, i. 312
_Pul_, an astrologer, i. 125 _sq._
Pulse cultivated in Bengal, i. 123
_Puplem_, general council, i. 125
Puppet made out of last sheaf, i. 137, 138, 231;
at threshing, 148, 149;
at harvest, 150;
representing the corn-spirit, 224
Puppets of rushes thrown into the Tiber, ii. 107
Purest person cuts the last corn, i. 158
Purification, ceremonies of, i. 9;
before partaking of new fruits, ii. 59, 60, 63, 69 _sq._, 71, 73, 75
_sq._, 82, 83;
for slaughter of a serpent, 219 _sq._;
by fire, 249;
before eating the first salmon, 253
Pyanepsia, an Attic festival, i. 52
Pyanepsion, an Attic month, i. 46, 52, 116
Pythagoras, his reincarnations, ii. 263;
his doctrine of transmigration, 300, 301
Pythian games, i. 80
Python clan, ii. 174
Quadriennial period of Greek games, i. 77 _sqq._
Quail, cry of, i. 295;
corn-spirit as, 295 _sq._
Queen of Athens married to Dionysus, i. 30 _sq._;
of the Corn-ears, 146;
name given to last sheaf, 146
—— Charlotte Islands, ii. 226
Quetzalcoatl, a Mexican god, ii. 90
Quiches, the, of Central America, ii. 134
Quinoa-mother, i. 172
Quixos Indians, ii. 285
Race of reapers to last sheaf, i. 291;
on harvest-field, 137
Races at harvest, i. 76 _sq._;
in connexion with agriculture, 98.
_See_ Horse-races
Rain, prayer for, at Eleusis, i. 69;
supposed to be given by the spirits of dead chiefs, ii. 109
—— -charm, i. 134, 170, 250, 252, 268
Rainless Greek summer, i. 69
Rains, autumnal, in Greece, i. 52
Rajamahall, in Bengal, ii. 118, 217
Rakelimalaza, a Malagasy god, ii. 46
Ram sacrificed to Ammon, ii. 41;
killing the sacred, 172 _sqq._;
consecration of a white, 313
Ram’s skull, ii. 96
Rams’ horns, ii. 117
Rape of Persephone, i. 66
Rarian Plain at Eleusis, i. 36, 70, 74, 108, 234, ii. 15
Raspberries, wild, ceremony at gathering the first, ii. 80 _sq._
Rat, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Rats, superstitious precautions of farmers against, ii. 277, 278, 283
Rattles in myth and ritual of Dionysus, i. 13, 15
Rattlesnakes respected by the North American Indians, ii. 217 _sqq._
Ravens respected by Sudanese negroes, ii. 221
Reapers, contests between, i. 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 152, 153 _sqq._,
164 _sq._, 219, 253;
blindfolded, 144, 153 _sq._;
special words used by, 193;
pretend to mow down visitors to harvest-field, 229 _sq._;
cries of, 263 _sqq._;
race of, to last corn, 291
Reaping, Indonesian mode of, i. 181 _sq._, 184;
contests in, 218 _sqq._;
pains in back at, 285
Rebirth of the dead, i. 84
Red and black, faces of bear-hunters painted, ii. 226
—— and white, leopard-hunters painted, ii. 230
—— and yellow, faces of human victims painted, i. 261
Red-haired men sacrificed, i. 260, 261, 263, ii. 34
—— puppies sacrificed, i. 261, ii. 34
Reef Islands, ii. 52
Reincarnation of animals, ii. 247, 249, 250
Reindeer, dogs not allowed to gnaw the leg-bones of, ii. 246
Repulsion and attraction, forces of, ii. 303 _sqq._
Rest for three days, compulsory, ii. 246
Resurrection of the gods, i. 1, 12, 14, 15;
of animals, ii. 200 _sq._, 256 _sqq._;
of fish, 250, 254;
bones of men preserved for the, 259;
in popular tales, 263 _sqq._
Revolving image, ii. 322 _n._
Ribald jests at mysteries, i. 38
Rice cultivated in Assam, i. 123;
cultivated in New Guinea, 123;
soul of, 180 _sqq._;
treated as a woman, 183 _sq._;
King of the, 197;
(paddy), Father and Mother of the, 203 _sq._;
spirituous liquor distilled from, 242;
the new, ceremonies at eating the, ii. 54 _sqq._
—— -bride, i. 199 _sq._
—— -bridegroom, i. 199 _sq._
—— -child, i. 197 _sqq._
—— -fields, sacred, among the Kayans, i. 93, 108
—— -goddess, i. 202
—— -harvest, ceremony of the Horse at, ii. 337 _sqq._
—— -mother, i. 183 _n._ 1, 191 _sqq._, 197 _sqq._;
in the East Indies, 180 _sqq._
—— -soul as bird, i. 182 _n._ 1;
caught or detained, 184 _sqq._
Riddles asked at harvest, i. 194
Ridgeway, Professor W., i. 29 _n._ 2, 65, ii. 282 _n._ 5
Ring, competition for, i. 160
Rites of Plough Monday, ii. 325 _sqq._
Ritual, primitive, marks of, i. 169;
magical or propitiatory, 169, 170
—— of Dionysus, i. 14 _sq._
Robbers, charm used by, i. 235
Rodents, souls of dead in, ii. 291
Rohde, E., i. 91 _n._ 2
Rollo, ii. 146
Roman calendar, i. 83 _sq._
—— deities of the corn, i. 210 _n._ 3
—— sacrifices to Ceres and Liber, ii. 133
Romans worship mildew, ii. 282
Roof, spirits enter through the, ii. 123;
remains of slain bear let down through the, 189 _sq._, 196
Roots and seeds, wild, collected by women, i. 124 _sqq._
Roscher, W. H., ii. 2 _n._ 9
Roscoe, Rev. John, i. 240 _n._ 4
Rotation of crops, i. 117
Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., i. 208 _n._ 1
Rügen, harvest customs in, i. 274
Running, contests in, i. 98
Rush-cutter, i. 230 _n._ 5
Russia, harvest customs in, i. 146, 233
Russian wood-spirits, ii. 2
Rye-beggar, i. 231
—— -boar, i. 298, 300
—— -bride, i. 163
—— -goat, i. 282, 283
—— -mother, i. 132, 135
—— -pug, i. 273
—— -sow, i. 270, 298
—— -wolf, i. 270, 271, 272, 273, 274
—— -woman, i. 223;
the Old, 133
Saa, island of, ii. 127
Sabarios, a Lithuanian festival, ii. 49
Sabazius, i. 2 _n._ 1
Sabbaths, agricultural, i. 109
Sable-hunters, rules observed by, ii. 238
Sacaea, a Babylonian festival, i. 258 _sq._
Sacrament of eating a god, ii. 167
—— of swine’s flesh, ii. 20, 24;
totemic, 165;
types of animal, 310 _sqq._;
of first-fruits, 48 _sqq._;
combined with a sacrifice of them, 86
Sacramental bread, ii. 95
—— character of harvest supper, i. 303
—— eating of corn-spirit in animal form, ii. 20
Sacraments among pastoral tribes, ii. 313
Sacred Marriage at Eleusis, i. 65 _sqq._
—— ploughings in Attica, i. 108
—— things deemed dangerous, ii. 27 _sqq._
—— Women, i. 32
Sacrifice not to be touched, ii. 27;
of first-fruits, 109 _sqq._
Sacrifices, human, for the crops, i. 236 _sqq._;
human, in Mexico, ii. 88;
offered to nets, 240 _n._ 1;
offered to wolves, 284;
to a toad, 291
Sadana, rice-bridegroom, i. 200 _sq._
Sahagun, B. de, i. 175
St. Catherine’s Day, ii. 275
St. George’s Eve, ii. 270
St. Kilda, ii. 322
St. Mary, Isle of, ii. 235
St. Matthew’s Day, ii. 275
St. Nicholas, i. 233
St. Paul on immortality, i. 91
St. Peter’s Day, i. 300
St. Stephen’s Day, ii. 319, 320
Sakalava, the, of Madagascar, ii. 40 _n._
Sale, nominal, of children, i. 8
Salish Indians, ii. 80
Salmon, resurrection of, ii. 250;
ceremonies at catching the first salmon of the season, 253 _sq._, 255
Salt, abstinence from, ii. 75, 93;
use of, forbidden, 190, 195
Salzburg, harvest custom in, i. 146
Samoa, ii. 29
Samoans, their sacrifices of first-fruits, ii. 132
Samoyed, custom after killing a reindeer, ii. 268
San Juan Capistrano, ii. 169;
Indians of, i. 125
Sanctity of the corn, ii. 110
Sandwich Islands, belief in transmigration among natives of the, ii. 292
_sq._
Saning Sari, rice-goddess, i. 191, 192
Sappho, i. 216
Saturnalia, ii. 62, 66
Satyrs in relation to goats, ii. 1 _sqq._
Savage, the, not illogical, ii. 202
—— faith in the immortality of animals, ii. 260 _sqq._
Saxo Grammaticus, ii. 146
Saxons of Transylvania, harvest custom of the, i. 295;
their customs at sowing, ii. 274 _sq._
Saxony, harvest customs in, i. 134, 137, 149, 163, 164
Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus, ii. 154
Scandinavian custom of the Yule Boar, i. 300 _sqq._
Scarification as a religious rite, ii. 75;
from superstitious motives, 159, 160 _sq._
Scheube, Dr. B., ii. 185, 186, 187
Schleswig, harvest customs in, i. 230, 287
Schrenck, L. von, ii. 191, 192, 193, 194, 195
Schweinfurth, G., ii. 37 _sq._
Science, generalisations of, inadequate to cover all particulars, ii. 37
Scirophorion, a Greek month, ii. 8 _n._ 1
Scorpions, charm against, ii. 281;
souls of dead in, 290
Scotland, harvest customs in, i. 140 _sqq._
Scratching as a religious rite, ii. 75
Scurrilities exchanged between vine-dressers and passers-by, i. 258 _n._ 1
Scurrilous language at mysteries, i. 38
Scythians, set store on heads of enemies, i. 256 _n._ 1
Sea beasts, Esquimau rules as to eating, ii. 84;
their bladders restored to the sea by the Esquimaux, 247 _sqq._
—— -mammals, their mythical origin, ii. 246
Seals, care taken of the bladders and bones of, ii. 247 _sqq._, 257, 258
_n._ 2
Sedna, an Esquimau goddess, ii. 84, 246
Seed sown by women, i. 113 _sqq._;
sown by children, i. 115 _sq._
Seed-corn, i. 135, 205, 278, 301, 304, ii. 20
Seed-rice, i. 189
Seeds and roots, wild, collected by women, i. 124 _sqq._
Seler, Professor E., i. 175
Seligmann, Dr. C. G., ii. 40 _n._
_Sĕmangat_, i. 181, 183
Semele, mother of Dionysus, i. 14, 15
Seminole Indians, ii. 76, 217
Senegambia, Python clan in, ii. 174
Serpent, killing the sacred, ii. 174 _sq._;
ceremonies performed after killing a, 219 _sq._
Serpent’s flesh eaten to learn the language of animals, ii. 146
Serpents, offerings to, ii. 17 _sq._;
men inspired by, 213;
charms against, 281;
souls of the dead in, 291.
_See also_ Snake, Snakes
Set or Typhon, ii. 30.
_See_ Typhon
Seven, the number, in ritual, i. 190, 198
—— months’ child, i. 26, 29
Sham fight, ii. 75
—— fights in connexion with agriculture, i. 98;
(mimic battles) before going forth to war, ii. 207
—— graves and corpses to deceive demons, ii. 98 _sqq._
Shans of Indo-China, i. 243
Shape, magical changes of shape, i. 305
Sharks, ghosts in, ii. 127;
souls of dead in, 292 _sq._, 297
Sheaf, the last, the Corn-mother in, i. 133 _sqq._;
thresher tied up in, 134, 147, 148;
drenched with water, 134, 137, 145;
given to cattle, 134, 155, 158, 161, 170;
stones fastened to, 135 _sq._, 138, 139;
called the Old Woman or Old Man, 136 _sqq._;
corn-spirit caught in, 139;
harvester tied up in, 139, 145, 221, 222;
called the _Cailleach_ (Old Wife), 140 _sqq._;
representative of the corn-spirit, 168, ii. 48;
in Lower Burma, i. 190 _sq._;
person identified with, 138 _sq._;
in India, 222 _sq._, 234 _n._ 2;
race of reapers to, 291.
_See also_ _Clyack_, _Kirn_, _Mell_, Maiden
Sheep not eaten, ii. 140;
ghosts of, dreaded, 231
Sheep-skin, fumigation with, ii. 324
Sheep-skins, candidates at initiation seated on, i. 38
Shells of eggs preserved, ii. 258 _n._ 2
Shifting cultivation, i. 99
Shoulder-blade, divination by, ii. 234
Shropshire, “the neck” in, i. 268;
“crying the Mare” in, 293 _sq._
Shrove Tuesday, i. 300, ii. 326
Shrovetide Bear, ii. 325 _sq._
Shumpaoli, an African god, ii. 110
Shuswap Indians, ii. 226, 238
Siam, ii. 103
Sicilians, Demeter’s gift of corn to the, i. 56 _sq._
Sicily, worship of Demeter and Persephone in, i. 56
Sickles thrown at last standing corn, i. 136, 142, 144, 153, 154, 165
Sickness cured or prevented by effigies, ii. 180 _sqq._
Sicyon, wolves at, ii. 283, 284
Sierra Leone, i. 317
Sieves, children at birth placed in, i. 6 _sqq._
Sigurd and the dragon, ii. 146
Silence enforced during absence of fisher, ii. 256
Silenuses, ii. 1 _sq._
Silesia, harvest customs in, i. 136, 138, 139, 148 _sq._, 163 _sq._, 231,
233, 273, 277, 281, 289
Silvanus, ii. 2
Simbang, village in German New Guinea, ii. 295
Similkameen Indians, the, ii. 146
Sinew of the thigh, customs and myths as to, ii. 264 _sqq._
Sinews of dead men cut to disable their ghosts, ii. 272
Sing Bonga, a sun god, ii. 117
Singleton, Miss A. H., ii. 320 _n._ 1
Sioux girl, sacrifice of, i. 238 _sq._
—— Indians, ii. 150, 243
Skeat, W. W., i. 197 _sq._
Skin of sacrificed animal, uses of, ii. 173 _sq._
—— -disease caused by eating a sacred animal, ii. 25 _sqq._
Skins of sacrificed animals stuffed, 257 _sq._
Skipping-rope, ii. 192
Skull, drinking out of a human, ii. 150
Skulls, human, as protection against powers of evil, i. 241;
the Place of, 243;
spirits of ancestors in their, ii. 123;
of ancestors, offerings set beside, 127;
of bears worshipped, 184;
of enemies destroyed, 260
Sky God, the, i. 69
—— -god Zeus, i. 65
Skye, harvest custom in, i. 284
Slaves of the Earth Gods, ii. 61, 62 _n._ 1
Slavonic peoples, harvest customs among, i. 144 _sqq._
Slayers of leopards, rules of diet observed by, ii. 230 _sq._
Slow-footed animals not eaten by some savage tribes, ii. 139 _sq._;
eaten by preference by the Bushmen, 140 _sq._
Small-pox, cure for, i. 9 _sq._
Smearing the body as a means of imparting certain qualities, ii. 162
_sqq._
—— of blood on worshippers a mode of communion with the deity, ii. 316
Smintheus Apollo, ii. 283
Smith, Professor, G. C., ii. 329
Smith, W. Robertson, i. 259 _n._ 1, ii. 5 _n._ 2, 27 _n._ 5, 31 _n._ 1, 35
_n._ 2, 251 _n._ 5, 266 _n._ 1, 280 _n._
Smoking as a means of inducing state of ecstasy, ii. 72;
in honour of slain bears, 224, 226
—— first tobacco of season, ceremony at, ii. 82
Snake worshipped, ii. 316 _sq._;
white, eaten to acquire supernatural knowledge, 146.
_See_ Serpent
—— -bite, inoculation against, ii. 160
—— -priest, ii. 219
—— tribe, ii. 316, 317
Snake’s tongue as amulet, ii. 270
Snakes respected by the North American Indians, ii. 217 _sqq._;
sacred at Whydah, 287;
souls of dead in, 293, 294 _sq._;
souls of dead princes in, 288
Society, stratification of religion according to types of, ii. 35 _sqq._
—— Islanders, i. 312
Solar and lunar time, attempts to harmonise, i. 80 _sq._
Solomon Islands, ii. 85, 126, 127;
belief in the transmigration of souls in the, 296 _sqq._
Solstice, the midsummer, rain-making ceremony at the, ii. 179
—— the summer, i. 117
—— the winter, ii. 325;
festival of, 90
Solstices observed, i. 125
Somerville, Professor W., i. 193 _n._
Songish or Lkungen tribe of Vancouver Island, ii. 254
Songs of the corn-reapers, i. 214 _sqq._
Sophocles, his play _Triptolemus_, i. 54
Soul thought to be seated in the liver, ii. 147 _sq._
—— of rice, i. 180 _sqq._;
eating the, ii. 54
—— -stuff in the East Indies, i. 182 _sq._
Souls, immortal, attributed by savages, to animals, ii. 204;
of the human dead in caterpillars, 275 _sq._;
transmigration of human, into animals, 285 _sqq._
South American Indians, women’s agricultural work among the, i. 120 _sqq._
Southey, R., quoted, i. 122, ii. 157
Sowing, festival of Demeter at, i. 46 _n._ 2;
sacrifice to Demeter at, 57;
Festival of the, 111;
time of, determined by observation of the sun, 187;
goat killed at, 288;
ceremonies at, ii. 57;
customs observed by Saxons of Transylvania at, 274 _sq._
—— and planting, time of, determined by the appearance of the Pleiades, i.
313 _sqq._
Sowing in Greece, time for, i. 45
—— festival of the Kayans, i. 93 _sqq._
—— seed to make children grow, i. 11
Sowing the seed done by women, i. 113 _sqq._;
done by children, 115 _sq._
Spades and hoes, human victim killed with, i. 239, 251
Sparrows, charm to keep them from the corn, ii. 274
Spearing taro stalks, as a charm, i. 102, 103
Spell and prayer, i. 105
Spells for growth of crops, i. 100;
narrative, 104 _sqq._;
imperative, 105
Spencer, Herbert, his theory of the material universe compared to that of
Empedocles, ii. 303 _sqq._
Spiders, ceremony at killing, ii. 236 _sq._
Spieth, J., ii. 59 _sqq._
Spindle used in ritual, ii. 119
Spinning acorns or figs, i. 102
—— tops, i. 95, 97, 187
Spirit of Beans, Iroquois, i. 177
—— of the Corn, Iroquois, i. 177. _See_ Corn-spirit
—— of Squashes, Iroquois, i. 177
Spirits, evil, averted from children, i. 6 _sqq._;
of the dead supposed to influence the crops, 104;
distinguished from gods, 169;
imitation of, 186
Spittle, virtue of, i. 247, 250
Sports, athletic, at harvest, i. 76 _sq._ _See also_ Contests, Games
Spring, ceremony at beginning of, in China, ii. 10 _sqq._
—— customs and harvest customs compared, i. 167 _sqq._
—— festival of Dionysus, i. 15
Springbok not eaten, ii. 141
Squirrels, souls of dead in, ii. 291 _sq._
Sri, Hindoo goddess of crops, i. 182
Star, the Morning, i. 238
Stars, their supposed influence on the weather, i. 318
Stepping or jumping over a woman, ii. 70 _n._ 1
Sternberg, Leo, ii. 196, 199 _n._ 1, 201
Stettin, harvest customs near, i. 220
Stevenson, Mrs. Matilda Coxe, quoted, ii. 179
Stewart, Balfour, ii. 262 _n._ 1
Sticks. _See_ Digging-sticks
Stiens of Cambodia, ii. 237
Stomach of eater, certain foods forbidden to meet in, ii. 83 _sqq._
Stone, magic of heavy, i. 100
—— Age, agriculture in the, i. 79, 132
Stones fastened to last sheaf, i. 135 _sq._, 138, 139;
the meeting of the, 237;
worshipped, ii. 127 _sq._
Stories told as charms, i. 102 _sqq._
Stout, Professor G. F., 261 _n._ 1
Stranger regarded as representative of the corn-spirit, i. 225 _sqq._
Strangers excluded, i. 94, 111, 249;
preferred as human victims, 242;
as representatives of the corn-spirit, 253
Strata of religion and society, ii. 36 _sq._
Stratification of religion according to types of society, ii. 35 _sqq._
Straw, the Yule, i. 301 _sq._;
of Shrovetide Bear used to make geese and hens lay eggs, ii. 326
—— -bear at Whittlesey, ii. 329
—— -bull, i. 289 _sq._
—— -man placed on apple-tree, ii. 6
Stubble-cock, i. 277
Styria, harvest customs in, i. 133, 134, 283
Sublician bridge at Rome, ii. 107
Substitutes for animal sacrifices, ii. 94 _n._ 2
“Substitutes for a person” in China, ii. 104
Subterranean Zeus, i. 66
Sudanese negroes respect ravens, ii. 221
Sufferings and death of Dionysus, i. 17
Sugar-cane cultivated, i. 121, 123
Suk, the, of British East Africa, i. 118, ii. 84, 142
Sumatra, i. 315;
tigers respected in, ii. 215 _sqq._
Summer in Greece rainless, i. 69
Sun, time of sowing determined by observation of the, i. 187;
Japanese deities of the, 212;
first-fruits offered to the, 237;
savage observation of the, 314;
rites instituted by the, ii. 75;
temple of the, 135
—— and moon conjunction of, ii. 15 _n._ 1
—— father of Alectrona, ii. 45
—— -god, the, i. 86
——, moon, and planets, human victims sacrificed to, i. 261 _sq._
——, the Great, title of head chief of the Natchez, ii. 77 _sqq._
Sunflower root, ceremony at eating the, ii. 81
Sunkalamma, a goddess, ii. 93
Superstitious practices to procure good crops, i. 100
Supper, the harvest, i. 134, 138. _See_ Harvest-supper
Survival of the fittest, doctrine of the, ii. 306
Sutherlandshire, ii. 51
Swabia, harvest customs in, i. 136, 282, 289, 290, 298 _sq._
Swallow Song, the Greek, ii. 322 _n._
Swans, transmigration of bad poets into, ii. 308
Sweat of famous warriors drunk, ii. 152
Sweden, harvest customs in, i. 149, 230, 280
Sweet potatoes cultivated in Africa, i. 117;
cultivated in Assam, 123;
cultivated in New Britain, 123;
cultivated in South America, 121;
sacred, ii. 133
Swine, wild, their ravages in the corn, ii. 31 _sqq._
Swine’s flesh sacramentally eaten, ii. 20, 24. _See also_ Pork
Swinging for good crops, i. 101, 103, 107
Switzerland, harvest customs in, i. 283, 289, 291, 295
Syleus, i. 257 _sq._
Sympathetic magic, i. 102, ii. 271, 311 _sq._
Syria, precaution against caterpillars in, ii. 279
Syrians, their religious attitude to pigs, ii. 23;
esteemed fish sacred, 26
Szis, the, of Burma, i. 203
Tabooed village, ii. 122
Taboos observed at the sowing festival among the Kayans, i. 94;
observed by enchanters, 100;
communal, 109 _n._ 2;
agricultural, 187;
relating to milk, ii. 83 _sq._;
observed after the capture of a ground seal, walrus, or whale, 246
Tahiti, ii. 132; funeral rites in, 97
Tail of corn-spirit, 268, 272, 300, ii. 10, 43
Talaings, the, i. 190
Tales told as charms, i. 102 _sqq._;
the resurrection of the body in popular, ii. 263 _sqq._
Tamara, island of, ii. 296
Tammuz, his death in a mill, i. 258;
a Babylonian month, 259
Tana, one of the New Hebrides, ii. 125
Tanala, the, of Madagascar, i. 9, ii. 290
Tanganyika plateau, the, i. 115
Tani, a god, ii. 132
Tano, a fetish, ii. 287
Tapir, custom of Indians after killing a, ii. 236
Tapirs, souls of dead in, ii. 285
Tapuiyas, the, of Brazil, i. 309
Tarahumare Indians of Mexico, i. 227 _sq._, ii. 252
Tarianos Indians, ii. 157
Taro, charms for growth of, i. 100, 102
Tarri Pennu, a Khond goddess, i. 245
Tauaré Indians, ii. 157
Taungthu, the, i. 190
Tears of human victim signs of rain, i. 248, 250;
of oxen as rain-charm, ii. 10
Teasing animals before killing them, ii. 190
Telephus at Pergamus, ii. 85
Temples dedicated to sharks, ii. 292
Tenimber, island, ii. 123
Teton Indians, ii. 236
Tetzcatlipoca, a Mexican god, ii. 92, 93, 165
Thargelion, an Attic month, ii. 8
Thay, the, of Indo-China, ii. 121
Thebes, grave of Dionysus at, i. 14;
Dionysus torn to pieces at, 25
Theocritus on the harvest-home, i. 46 _sq._
Thesmophoria, the, i. 14, ii. 17 _sqq._;
chastity of women at the, i. 116
Thigh, sinew of the, customs and myths as to, ii. 264 _sqq._
Thlinkeet or Tlingit, the, ii. 253
Thompson Indians, ii. 81, 82, 133, 140, 207, 226, 268
Thrace, worship of Dionysus in, i. 3;
the Bacchanals of, 17;
modern Carnival customs in, 25 _sqq._, ii. 331 _sqq._
Thresher tied up in last sheaf, i. 134, 147, 148
Threshers, contests between, i. 147 _sqq._, 218, 219 _sq._, 221 _sq._, 223
_sq._, 253;
pretend to throttle or thresh people on threshing-floor, 149 _sq._, 230;
tied in straw and thrown into water, 224 _sq._
Threshing, customs at, i. 134, 147 _sqq._, 203;
contests in, 218 _sqq._;
corn-spirit killed at, 291 _sq._
—— -cow, i. 291
—— -dog, i. 271
—— -floor, Demeter at the, i. 41 _sq._, 47;
of Triptolemus at Eleusis, 61, 72, 75;
sanctity of the, ii. 110 _n._ 4
—— in Greece, date of, i. 62
Throttling farmer’s wife at threshing, pretence of, i. 150
Thumbs of dead enemies cut off, ii. 272
Thüringen, harvest customs in, i. 147, 222, 232, 276, 290, 291, 298
Thurn, E. F. im. quoted, ii. 204
Tibetans, the, ii. 96
Tiger, ghost of, ii. 155 _n._ 4
Tiger’s flesh eaten to make men brave, ii. 145
Tigers, ceremonies at killing, ii. 215, 216 _sq._;
respected in Sumatra, 215 _sq._;
kinship of men with, 216;
souls of dead in, 293
Tilling of the earth treated as a crime, ii. 57
Timekeepers, natural, i. 53
Timor, island of, ii. 98
Timor-laut, ii. 123, 244
Tinneh Indians, ii. 80, 220
Titans attack and kill Dionysus, i. 12 _sq._, 17
Tjumba, island of, ii. 122
Tlaloc, Mexican god of thunder, i. 237
Toad, figure of, ii. 193, 194;
soul of dead man in a, 291
Tobacco used as an emetic, ii. 73;
first of season, ceremony at smoking, 82
Todas, their sacrament of buffalo’s flesh, ii. 314
Toepffer, J., quoted, i. 73
Toerateyas, the, i. 196 _n._
Tofoke, the, i. 119
Togoland, i. 130, ii. 59, 105, 105
Tolalaki, the, ii. 152
Tomb, sacrifices at, ii. 113
Tomori, the, of Central Celebes, i. 193 _sq._, 288
_Tondi_, soul-stuff, i. 182
Tonga Islands, ii. 28;
offerings of first-fruits in the, 128 _sqq._
Tongues of birds eaten, ii. 147;
of slain men eaten, 153;
of dead animals cut out, 269 _sqq._;
of animals worn as amulets, 270
Tonsure, the clerical, ii. 105 _n._ 1
Tooitonga, the sacred chief of Tonga, ii. 128, 129, 130, 131
Tops, spinning, i. 95, 97, 187
Toradjas, the, of Central Celebes, i. 183, 193, 194, 228, ii. 153
Torch-bearer, the Eleusinian, i. 54, 59
Torches in relation to Demeter and Persephone, i. 57
Torchlight dance, ii. 79;
procession at Eleusis, i. 38
Torres Straits islands, i. 313, ii. 152, 153
Tortoises not eaten, ii. 140
Tossing successful reaper, i. 154
Totem, skin-disease supposed to be caused by eating, ii. 25 _sq._
—— sacrament, ii. 165
Totemic animals, dances in imitation of, ii. 76
Totemism, ii. 35, 37;
not proved for the Aryans, 4;
in Australia and America, 311
Transformation of woman into crocodile, ii. 212
Transmigration of human souls into animals, ii. 141, 285 _sqq._;
into turtles, 178 _sq._;
into bears, 191
—— of souls, doctrine of, in ancient India, ii. 298 _sq._;
in ancient Greece, 300 _sqq._, 307 _sq._
Transmigrations of Buddha, ii. 299
Transubstantiation, ii. 89 _sq._
Transylvania, harvest customs in, i. 221, 276, 278, 280, 285, 295;
customs at sowing in, ii. 274 _sq._
Travancore, i. 8;
custom at executions in, ii. 272
Treasury Islanders, i. 313
Trees in relation to Dionysus, i. 3 _sq._;
spirits of the dead in, ii. 124
Triptolemus, i. 37, 38, ii. 19;
agent of Demeter, i. 54, 72 _sq._;
sacrifices to, 56;
his Threshing-floor at Eleusis, 61, 72, 75;
in Greek art, 68 _n._ 1;
sows seed in Rarian plain, 70;
the corn-hero, 72 _sq._
Tristram, H. B., ii. 31 _sq._
Troezenians, the, ii. 133
Trumpets in rites of Dionysus, i. 15
Tschwi, the, of West Africa, ii. 98
Tsimshian Indians of British Columbia, ii. 254
Tucanos Indians, ii. 157
Tug of War, i. 103 _n._ 1, 110 _n._
Tupi Indians of Brazil, ii. 272
Tupinambas, the, i. 122
Turmeric cultivated, i. 245, 250
Turtles, killing the sacred, ii. 175 _sqq._;
transmigration of human souls into, 178 _sq._
Tusayan, an ancient province of Arizona, i. 312
Twelfth Day, ii. 320, 321, 327, 329
Twelve Gods, the, ii. 8
Twin, ghost of a, ii. 98
—— girl charged with special duty, ii. 280
Two Goddesses, the, i. 56, 59, 73, 90
Types of animal sacrament, ii. 310 _sqq._
Typhon, i. 262, 263, ii. 30, 31, 33, 34, 100
Tyrol, harvest customs in the, i. 163, 224, 273, 286
Tzentales of Mexico, ii. 241
Uaupes River, tribes of the, i. 121
Uganda, ii. 213
Underground Zeus, i. 45, 50
Unleavened bread, ii. 137
Usagara hills, German East Africa, i. 240
Varro, on the rites of Eleusis, i. 88;
on killing oxen in Attica, ii. 6;
on sacrifice of goat, ii. 41
Vedijovis, i. 33
Venison, Esquimau rules as to eating, ii. 84;
not eaten, 144;
not brought into hut by door, 242 _sq._;
reason for not eating, 286, 293
Vera Cruz, the tribes of, i. 310
Vermin propitiated by farmers, ii. 274 _sqq._;
images of, made as a protection against them, 280 _sq._
Verres, C., i. 65
Vessels, new or specially reserved, to hold new fruits, ii. 50, 53, 65,
66, 72, 81, 83;
special, reserved for eating bear’s flesh, 196, 198
Vestal virgins, ii. 42
Vicarious use of images, ii. 96 _sqq._
Victim, human, taken in procession from door to door, i. 247
Victims, human, treated as divine, i. 250;
assimilated to gods, 261 _sq._
Victoria, aborigines of, i. 127
Vicuña not eaten, ii. 140
Village tabooed, ii. 122
Vine in relation to Dionysus, i. 2
Vintage, first-fruits of, ii. 133;
inaugurated by priests, 133
—— in Greece, time of, i. 47
Vintagers and vine-diggers, i. 257 _sq._
Virbius and the horse, ii. 40 _sqq._
Virgil as an enchanter, ii. 281
Virgins sacrificed, i. 237
Vitzilipuztli, a Mexican god, ii. 86, 87, 88
Viza in Thrace, i. 26
Vizyenos, G. M., i. 25 _n._ 4, 26
Volos, the beard of, i. 233
Vomiting as a religious rite, ii. 73, 75
Vosges Mountains, harvest customs in the, i. 272, 279, 281
Vulture, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Wa, the Wild, i. 241 _sqq._
Wabondei, the, ii. 142
Wadowe, the, i. 118
Wagogo, the, ii. 26, 142, 149, 276
Wahehe, the, ii. 26
Waheia, the, ii. 26
Wajagga, the, of East Africa, ii. 276
—— warriors, ii. 143
_Wakan_, ii. 180 _n._ 2
Wales, harvest customs in, i. 142 _sqq._
Wallace, A. R., quoted, i. 121 _sq._
Wamegi, the, of German East Africa, i. 240
Wanyamwezi, the, i. 118, ii. 227
War dance, ii. 79
Washing as a ceremonial purification, ii. 27 _sq._, 71, 84, 85
Wataturu, the, ii. 84
Weasels, superstition of farmers as to, ii. 275
Weevils, spared by Esthonian peasants, ii. 274
Weihaiwei, ii. 11
Welsh, Miss, i. 155 _n._ 1
Wemba, the, ii. 158
Wends, harvest customs among the, i. 138, 149, 276
Wermland, harvest customs in, i. 230, ii. 48
Westphalia, harvest customs in, i. 135 _sq._, 138, 277 _sq._, 296, 297
Wetar, island, ii. 25
Whales, ceremonies observed after the slaughter of, ii. 232 _sqq._
Wheat-bride, i. 162, 163
—— -cock, i. 276
Wheat-cow, i. 289
—— -dog, i. 272
—— -mallet at threshing, i. 148
—— -man, i. 223
—— -mother, i. 135
—— -sow, i. 298
—— -wolf, i. 273, 274
Whetham, W. C. D., ii. 305 _n._ 2
White Maize, Goddess of the, i. 261
—— ram, ii. 313
Whittlesey in Cambridgeshire, the Straw-bear at, ii. 328 _sq._
Whydah, snakes sacred at, ii. 287
Widows and widowers, disability of, ii. 253 _sq._
Wiedemann, Prof. A., ii. 35 _n._ 4
Wild animals propitiated by hunters, ii. 204 _sqq._
—— fig trees, sacred, ii. 113
—— fruits and roots, ceremonies at gathering the first of the season, ii.
80 _sqq._
—— seeds and roots collected by women, i. 124 _sqq._
—— Wa, the, i. 241 _sqq._
Wilkinson, R. J., i. 181 _sq._
Winamwanga, the, ii. 112
Wine, new, offered to Liber, ii. 133
Winnowing done by women, i. 117, 128
—— -basket, image of snake in, ii. 316
—— -fan, an emblem of Dionysus, i. 5 _sqq._;
as cradle, 6 _sqq._;
used to scatter ashes of human victims, 260, 262
Winter, name given to man who cuts the last sheaf, i. 142;
name of harvest-supper, 160
—— festival of Dionysus, i. 16 _sq._
—— solstice, ii. 325;
festival of, 90
Witch, burning the Old, i. 224
Witchcraft, protection against, i. 156, ii. 324
Wolf, corn-spirit as, i. 271 _sqq._, ii. 327;
stuffed, carried about, i. 275;
ceremonies at killing a, ii. 220 _sq._, 223.
_See also_ Wolves
Wolf’s heart eaten, ii. 146
—— skin, man clad in, i. 275
Wolfish Apollo, ii. 283 _sq._
Wollaroi, the, of New South Wales, ii. 163
Wolves, sacrifices offered to, ii. 284;
transmigration of sinners into, 308
Woman’s part in primitive agriculture, i. 113 _sqq._
Women, influence of corn-spirit on, i. 168;
who have died in childbed, attempts to deceive their ghosts, ii. 97
_sq._;
thought to have no soul, ii. 148
—— milk cows, i. 118
—— swear by the Pleiades, i. 311
Women’s race at harvest, i. 76 _sq._
Wood-spirits in goat form, ii. 2 _sq._
—— woman, i. 232
Woodford, C. M., ii. 126
Words, special, used by reapers, i. 193
Worm, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Worms, souls of dead in, ii. 289
Worship of cattle, ii. 35 _sqq._;
of animals, two forms of the, 311;
of snake, 316 _sq._
Worshipful animal killed once a year, ii. 322
_Wrach_ (Hag), name given to last corn cut in Wales, i. 142 _sqq._
Wreath of corn, i. 134
Wren, hunting the, ii. 317 _sqq._;
called the king of birds, 317;
superstitions as to the, 317 _sq._, 319
Wrestling, i. 98, ii. 131
Würtemburg, harvest customs in, i. 286, 287
Xanthicus, a Macedonian month, i. 259 _n._ 1
Xenophon, on Triptolemus, i. 54
Xochiquetzal, a Mexican goddess, i. 237
Yabim, the, of German New Guinea, i. 104 _sqq._, 228, ii. 275, 295
Yams, charm for growth of, i. 100, 101;
cultivated in Africa, 119;
cultivated in New Britain, 123;
cultivated in South America, 120, 121;
dug by Australian aborigines, 126 _sq._;
ceremonies at eating the new, ii. 53, 58 _sqq._
—— festival of the new, ii. 115;
in Tonga, 128 _sqq._
Yang-Seri, prayers to, ii. 33
Yaos, the, ii. 111 _sq._
Year, beginning of, marked by appearance of Pleiades, i. 309, 310, 312,
313, 314, 315;
divided into thirteen moons, ii. 77
Yellow Demeter, i. 41 _sq._
Yezo or Yesso, ii. 180, 185
Yombe, the, ii. 112
Yorkshire, harvest customs in, i. 151 _sq._, 224
Yoruba negroes, ii. 149
Youngest person cuts the last corn, i. 158, 161
Yuchi Indians, ii. 75, 311 _n._ 1
Yule Boar, i. 300 _sqq._, ii. 43, 328
—— Goat, the, ii. 327 _sq._
—— ram, the, ii. 328
—— straw, i. 301 _sq._
Yuracares Indians of Bolivia, ii. 235, 257
Zabern in Alsace, harvest custom at, i. 297
Zagreus, i. 12
Zambesi, tribes of the Upper, ii. 141
—— region, Caffres of the, ii. 289
Zanzibar, custom at sowing in, i. 233
Zaparo Indians, the, ii. 139
Zapotecs of Mexico, their harvest customs, i. 174 _sq._
Zeus, his intrigue with Persephone, i. 12;
father of Dionysus by Demeter, 12, 14, 66;
his intrigue with Demeter, 66;
surnamed Underground, 45, 50
—— and Demeter, ii. 9; marriage of, i. 65 _sqq._
—— and Hercules, ii. 172
——, Laphystian, i. 25
—— Polieus, ii. 5, 7
—— Sosipolis, ii. 7
——, Subterranean, i. 66, ii. 9
—— the Fly-catcher, ii. 282
Zulu king, dance of the, ii. 66
Zulus, the, ii. 32, 142, 143;
women’s part in agriculture among the, i. 113 _sq._;
their festival of first-fruits, ii. 67;
their inoculation, 160 _sq._
Zuni Indians, their custom of killing sacred turtles, ii. 175 _sqq._
Zurich, harvest customs in the canton of, i. 291, 297
FOOTNOTES
M1 Ancient deities of vegetation as animals.
M2 Dionysus as a goat: his association with the Pans, Satyrs, and
Silenuses, who have been interpreted as semi-goat-shaped deities of
the woods.
1 See above, vol. i. pp. 16 _sqq._
2 Herodotus, ii. 46; L. Preller, _Griechische Mythologie_,4 i.
(Berlin, 1894), pp. 745 _sq._; K. Wernicke, in W. H. Roscher’s
_Lexikon der griech. und röm. Mythologie_, iii. 1407 _sqq._
3 L. Preller, _Griechische Mythologie_,3 i. 600; W. Mannhardt, _Antike
Wald- und Feldkulte_, p. 138.
4 W. Mannhardt, _op. cit._ p. 139.
5 Julius Pollux, iv. 118.
6 W. Mannhardt, _op. cit._ pp. 142 _sq._
7 Ovid, _Fasti_, ii. 361, iii. 312, v. 101; _id._, _Heroides_, iv. 49.