Bechuanas, the, i. 316, ii. 28, 164;
their ceremonies before eating the new fruits, 69 _sq._;
ceremony observed after a battle by the, 271
Beer in relation to Dionysus, i. 2 _n._ 1
Bees, transmigration of quiet people into, ii. 308
Beetles, superstitious precautions against, ii. 279, 280
Beggar, name given to last sheaf, i. 231 _sq._
Beku, the, of West Africa, ii. 163
Bells worn by mummers, i. 26, 28, ii. 332, 333;
attached to hobby-horse, 337 _sq._
Benin, ii. 64;
human sacrifice at, i. 240
Bera Pennu, the Earth Goddess, i. 245
Berbers, the Barley Bride among the, i. 178 _sq._
Berosus, Babylonian historian, i. 258 _sq._
Berry, harvest customs in, i. 292, 294
Berwickshire, harvest customs in, i. 153 _sq._
Bessy, one of the mummers on Plough Monday, ii. 329, 331
Betsileo, the, of Madagascar, ii. 116;
their belief in the transmigration of souls, 289 _sq._
Bhils, the, of Central India, ii. 29
Bhímsen, an Indian deity, ii. 118
Bhumiya, a Himalayan deity, ii. 117
Bhutan, ii. 103
Biennial cycle, i. 87
—— festivals, i. 14, i. 86
Binder of last sheaf represents the Corn-mother, i. 150, 253
Binders of corn, contests between, i. 136, 137, 138, 218 _sq._, 220, 221,
222, 253
Binding the corn, contests in, i. 218 _sq._
_Binsenschneider_, i. 230 _n._ 5
Bird, soul as a, i. 181, 182 _n._ 1;
corn-spirit as a, 295 _sq._
—— of prey, inoculation with a, ii. 162
Birds, migratory, as representatives of a divinity, i. 204 _sq._;
language of, ii. 146;
tongues of, eaten, 147
Birth of child on harvest-field, pretended, i. 150 _sq._
Bisaltae, a Thracian tribe, i. 5
Bizya in Thrace, i. 26, 30
Black Drink, an emetic, ii. 76
—— Goat-skin, in relation to Dionysus, i. 17
Blackened faces, i. 291, 299;
of actors, 27
Blackfeet Indians, i. 311, ii. 236
Bladders of sea-beasts returned by the Esquimaux to the sea, ii. 247
_sqq._
Blindfolded, reapers, i. 144, 153 _sq._
Blood drawn from men as a religious rite, ii. 75, 91 _sq._;
as a means of communion with a deity, 316
—— of bear drunk, ii. 146
—— of beavers not allowed to fall on ground, ii. 240 _n._ 2
—— of dragon, ii. 146
—— of human victim sprinkled on seed, i. 239, 251;
scattered on field, 244, 251
—— of lamb sprinkled on people, ii. 315
—— of slain men tasted by their slayers, ii. 154 _sqq._
Blood-covenant, ii. 154 _sqq._
Boa-constrictor, soul of a, ii. 296
Boa-constrictors, souls of dead in, ii. 289 _sq._
Boar, corn-spirit as, i. 298 _sqq._;
the Yule, 300 _sqq._, 302 _sq._;
and Adonis, ii. 22 _sq._
Boars, wild, their ravages in the corn, ii. 31 _sqq._
Boba or Baba, name given to the last sheaf, i. 144 _sq._
Bock, C., quoted, i. 8
Boedromion, an Attic month, i. 52, 77
Bogadjim in German New Guinea, ii. 251
Bohemia, harvest customs in, i. 138, 145, 149, 150, 225 _sq._, 232, 286,
289;
Carnival custom in, ii. 325;
custom as to mice in, 279, 283
Böhmer Wald Mountains, i. 284
Bolivia, ii. 235, 286
Bombay, burial custom in, ii. 100
Bone of old animal eaten to make the eater old, ii. 143
Bones and skulls of enemies destroyed, ii. 260
—— of animals preserved in order that the animals may come to life again,
ii. 256 _sqq._;
burned or thrown into water, 257;
not to be broken, 258 _sq._;
not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, 225, 238 _sqq._, 243, 259
—— of the dead, virtues acquired by contact with the, ii. 153 _sq._;
preserved for the resurrection, 259
—— of deer not given to the dogs, ii. 241, 242, 243
—— of fish not burned, ii. 250, 251;
thrown into the sea or a river, 250, 254;
not to be broken, 255
Bontoc, province of Luzon, i. 240
Bordeaux, harvest custom at, i. 291
Bormus or Borimus, i. 216, 257, 264
Borneo, ii. 122;
agricultural communities of central, i. 92
Bororos, the, of Brazil, ii. 71 _sq._, 208
Boscana, Father G., ii. 169;
quoted, i. 125
Botocudos, the, of Brazil, ii. 156
Bougainville Straits, i. 313
_Bouphonia_, ii. 4 _sqq._
_Bouphonion_, a Greek month, ii. 6 _n._
Bourbourg, Brasseur de, i. 237
Bourke, Captain J. G., ii. 178 _n._ 4
Bouzygai, the, at Eleusis, i. 108
Boxing, i. 71 _n._ 5, ii. 131
Brahman boys sacrificed, i. 244
Brahmans, the, on transubstantiation, ii. 89
Brain, drippings of, used to acquire wisdom of dead, ii. 163 _sq._
Brains of enemies eaten, ii. 152
Brand, John, quoted, i. 146
Brazen serpent, the, ii. 281
Brazil, Indians of, i. 111, ii. 235;
their flesh diet, ii. 139
Bridal pair at rice-harvest in Java, i. 200 _sq._
Bride, name given to last sheaf, i. 162, 163
British Columbia, Indians of, ii. 253
Brittany, harvest customs in, i. 135
_Bromios_, epithet of Dionysus, i. 2 _n._ 1
Brooke, Rajah, ii. 211
Brown, Dr. Burton, ii. 100 _n._ 2
Bubui river, in New Guinea, ii. 295
Buckwheat cultivated in Burma, i. 242
Bucolium at Athens, i. 30
Buddha, transmigrations of, ii. 299, 301
Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, i. 259 _n._ 3, 260 _n._ 2
Buffalo sacrificed for human victim, i. 249
Buffaloes, propitiation of dead, ii. 229, 231;
their death bewailed, 242;
revered by the Todas, 314
Bukaua, the, of German New Guinea, i. 103, 105, 313, ii. 124
Bulawayo, ii. 70
Bulgarians, the Carnival among the, ii. 331 _sqq._
Bull, corn-spirit as, i. 288 _sqq._, ii. 8;
in relation to Dionysus, i. 16 _sq._, 31
——, live, torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, i. 15, 17, ii. 16
——, sacrifice of, ii. 68 _n._ 3;
at Magnesia, 7 _sq._;
in Mithraic religion, 10;
at tomb of dead chief, 113
—— -fights, ii. 66
—— -roarers, i. 19 _n._ 1, ii. 295;
as magical instruments, i. 104, 106 _sq._, 110
—— -shaped deities, i. 3 _sqq._
Bulls, sacred, of ancient Egypt, ii. 34 _sqq._
Burghers or Badagas, the, ii. 55
Burial rites intended to deceive ghosts or demons, ii. 97 _sqq._
Burials, fictitious, to divert the attention of demons from the real
burials, ii. 98 _sqq._
Buring Une, a goddess, i. 93
Burma, ii. 116;
securing the rice-soul in, i. 190 _sq._;
custom at threshing rice in, 203 _sq._;
head-hunting in, i. 256
Burmese cure, ii. 103
Burne, Miss C. S., i. 266
Burning last sheaf of corn, i. 146
—— the Old Witch, i. 224
Buru, island, ii. 54, 145
Bush negroes of Surinam, ii. 26
Bushmen, ii. 29, 206, 266 _n._ 1;
their customs as to diet, 140 _sq._
Busiris, i. 259 _sq._
_Busk_, festival of first-fruits, ii. 72
_Butea frondosa_, ii. 119
Butterflies, souls of dead in, ii. 290, 291, 296 _sq._
Butterfly of the rice, i. 190
Button snake root, emetic made from, ii. 73, 75
Buzzard, killing the sacred, ii. 169 _sqq._
Caffre elephant-hunters, ii. 227
Caffres, their festival of new fruits, ii. 64 _sqq._;
their custom of fumigating infants, 166 _sq._;
of South Africa, their observation of the Pleiades, i. 315;
of the Zambesi region, ii. 289
_Cailleach_ (Old Wife), name given to last corn cut, i. 140 _sqq._, 164
_sqq._
Caingua Indians of Paraguay, ii. 285
Cakes in obscene shapes, i. 62
Calabash, ceremony of breaking the, ii. 68 _n._ 3
Calabria, custom observed by murderers in, ii. 156
Calendar, regulation of, an affair of religion, i. 83;
the Roman, 83 _sq._;
primitive, 125 _sq._
Calendars, the Pleiades in primitive, i. 307 _sqq._
Calf sacrificed to Dionysus, i. 33;
killed at harvest, 290;
sacrifice of buffalo, ii. 314
California, Indians of, i. 125, ii. 169, 286
Californian missions, the Spanish, ii. 171 _n._ 1
Callaway, Rev. H., i. 316
Callias, the Eleusinian Torch-bearer, i. 54, 73 _n._ 3
Cambodia, ii. 103
Cameron, Hugh E., i. 162 _n._ 3
Campbell, Major J., i. 248, 250
Campbell, Rev. J. G., i. 140
Cancer, Tropic of, i. 125
Candlemas, i. 300
Canelos Indians of Ecuador, ii. 285
Cannibal orgies, i. 18 _sqq._
—— Spirit, i. 21
Cannibals, a secret society of the Kwakiutl Indians, i. 20
Canopus, i. 308
Capricorn, Tropic of, i. 125
Carcassone, hunting the wren at, ii. 320 _sq._
Carian Chersonese, ii. 85
Carib warriors, ii. 162
Caribs, the, i. 120, ii. 139
Carinthia, harvest custom in, i. 224 _sq._
Carley, the, i. 144
Carlin or Carline, the, i. 140
Carnival, modern Thracian drama at the, i. 26 _sqq._, ii. 331
—— Bear, ii. 325
—— custom in Bohemia, ii. 325
Carolina, Indians of, ii. 217
Carrier Indians, ii. 238 _sq._
Cassava (manioc) bread, i. 120 _sq._
Cassowaries, souls of dead in, ii. 295
Cassowary totem, ii. 207
Castabus, ii. 85
Cat, corn-spirit as, i. 280 _sq._;
killed at harvest, i. 281
Cat’s cradle, i. 101, 103
—— tail, name given to last standing corn, i. 268
Catalangans, the, ii. 124
Caterpillars, superstitious precautions against, ii. 275 _sq._, 279, 280
Catholic custom of eating effigies of the Madonna, ii. 94
Cattle, last sheaf given to, i. 134, 155, 158, 161, 170;
(plough oxen) Yule or Christmas Boar given to, the, 301, 302, 303;
worship of, ii. 35, 37 _sqq._;
first-fruits offered to, 118
Caul-fat, human, rubbed on body, ii. 162
Cayenne, Indians of, 285 _sqq._
Celebes, i. 313, ii. 54, 122, 123;
precautions against mice in, 277
Celeus, king of Eleusis, i. 37
Censorinus, i. 86, 87
Central Provinces of India, ii. 118 _sq._
Ceram, ii. 54, 123
Cereal deity, ii. 52, 83
Cereals in Europe, antiquity of the cultivation of, i. 79;
cultivated by the early Aryans, 132
Ceremony of the Horse at rice-harvest among the Garos, ii. 337 _sqq._
Ceres, i. 42;
festival of, 297 _n._ 5;
the, in France, 135;
Roman sacrifices to, ii. 133
Chadwars, the, ii. 28
Chaka, Zulu despot, ii. 67
Chambéry, harvest customs at, i. 275, 288, 291 _sq._
Chams, the, of Indo-China, ii. 283;
their agricultural ceremonies, 56 _sqq._;
their belief in transmigration, 291 _sq._
Changes of shape, magical, i. 305
Chasas, the, of Orissa, ii. 26
“Chasms of Demeter and Persephone,” ii. 17
Chastity required in sower of seed, i. 115 _sq._;
of hunter before hunting bears, ii. 226
Chateaubriand, his description of the Natchez festival, ii. 135 _sqq._
Cheese Monday, i. 26, ii. 333
Cheremiss, the, ii. 51
Cherokee hunters, ii. 236, 241
—— mythology, ii. 204 _sq._
Cherokees, the, ii. 72 _n._ 2, 139, 220;
their respect for rattlesnakes, 218 _sq._;
their custom of removing the hamstring of deer, 266
Chicome couatl, Mexican Maize-goddess i. 176
Chief, sacred, ii. 28;
acting as priest, 126;
sacrifices to dead, 113
Chiefs, spirits of dead, give rain, ii. 109;
deified after death, 125;
souls of dead, in lions, 287 _sq._
Child born on harvest-field, pretence of, i. 150 _sq._
Childbed, deceiving the ghosts of women who have died in, ii. 97 _sq._
Children at birth placed in winnowing-fans, i. 6 _sqq._;
guarded against evil spirits, 6 _sqq._;
employed to sow seed, 115 _sq._;
sacrificed at harvest, 236
China, ceremony at beginning of spring in, ii. 10 _sqq._
Chinese, their theory as to courage, ii. 145 _sq._
—— of Amoy, their use of effigies, ii. 104
—— ceremony of ploughing, ii. 14 _sq._
—— use of sieve or winnowing-fan, i. 6, 9 _sq._
Chinigchinich, a Californian god, ii. 170
Chinna Kimedy, i. 247, 249
Chins, the, of Upper Burma, ii. 121
Chiquites of Paraguay, ii. 241
Chiriguanos, the, Indians of Bolivia, ii. 140, 286
Chota Nagpur, i. 244
Christmas, i. 134;
boar sacrificed at, 302. _See also_ Yule
—— Day, ii. 319, 320
—— drama, ii. 327 _sq._
—— Eve, i. 302, ii. 318, 321
Chuckchees, the, ii. 221
_Churn_, last corn cut, i. 151, 153, 154 _sq._
Cicero, on the gift of the corn, i. 58;
on transubstantiation, ii. 167
Cinteotl, Mexican Maize-god, i. 176
Circumcision, i. 316, ii. 153
Clarke, E. D., at Eleusis, i. 64;
quoted, 146
Clement of Alexandria on the Eleusinian mysteries, i. 39
Cleostratus of Tenedos, i. 81
_Clyack-kebback_, i. 160
_Clyack_ sheaf, i. 158 _sqq._, ii. 43
Cnossus, i. 82, 85
Cobra-capella, guardian-deity of Issapoo, ii. 174
Cochin China, tigers respected in, ii. 217
Cock, corn-spirit as, i. 276 _sqq._;
killed on harvest field, 277 _sq._;
white, sacrificed, ii. 117, 118
—— -sheaf, i. 276
_Cogiour_, a sacred pontiff, ii. 114
Cohabitation of husband and wife enjoined as a matter of ritual, ii. 69,
70 _n._ 1
_Colluinn_, custom of beating a cow’s hide, ii. 323, 324
Colombian Indians, ii. 286
Communal taboos, i. 109 _n._ 2
Communion with deity, ii. 83, 325
Compitalia, a Roman festival, ii. 94, 96, 107
Complexity of religious phenomena, ii. 36
Confession of sin, ii. 69
Congo, the Lower, i. 115;
the Upper, 119
Conjunction of sun and moon, ii. 15 _n._ 1
Conservation of energy, ii. 262
Constantinople protected against flies and gnats, ii. 281
Contact with sacred things is deemed dangerous, ii. 27 _sqq._
—— between certain foods in stomach of eater forbidden, ii. 83 _sqq._, 90
Contest, Ancestral, at the Eleusinian Games, i. 71, 74, 77
Contests for possession of the corn-spirit, i. 74 _sq._, 180;
between binders of corn, 136, 137, 138, 218 _sq._, 220, 221, 222, 253;
between reapers, 74 _sq._, 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 152, 153 _sq._, 164
_sq._, 219, 253;
between threshers, 147 _sqq._, 218, 219 _sq._, 221 _sq._, 223 _sq._, 253
Continence, ceremonial, ii. 75, 81, 93;
prescribed at festival, 248
—— and fasting, ii. 14
Coomassie, ii. 62, 63
Coorgs, the, ii. 55
Corea, ii. 122;
use of effigies in, 105
Corn, ear of, revealed to initiates at the rites of Eleusis, i. 38;
personified as Demeter, 42;
first-fruits of, offered to Demeter and Persephone at Eleusis, 53
_sqq._;
first bestowed on the Athenians by Demeter, 54;
personified as female, 130;
wreath of, 134;
double personification of, as mother and daughter, 207 _sqq._;
the first corn cut, customs connected with, 214 _sq._;
the new, eaten sacramentally, ii. 48 _sqq._;
sanctity of the, 110
—— and poppies as symbols of Demeter, i. 43 _sq._
—— Baby, i. 152, 292
—— -bull, i. 291
—— -cow, i. 289
—— -ears, Queen of the, i. 146;
crown of, 163, 221, 283
—— -fool, i. 148
—— -goat, i. 282, 283, 286, 287
—— -maiden, i. 150;
in Northern Europe, 129 _sqq._
—— -mallet at threshing, i. 148
—— -man, i. 223;
the goal of a women’s race at harvest, 76 _sq._
Corn-mother, i. 150;
in Northern Europe, 131 _sqq._;
in last sheaf, 133 _sqq._;
in America, 171 _sqq._;
in many lands, 171 _sqq._
—— -pug, i. 273
—— -reapers, songs of the, i. 214 _sqq._
—— -sow, i. 298
Corn-spirit, contests for possession of the, i. 74 _sq._, 180;
conceived as old, 136 _sqq._;
in last sheaf threshed, i. 139, 147, 168, ii. 48;
represented in duplicate, i. 139;
conceived as young, 150 _sqq._;
as Bride and Bridegroom, 162 _sqq._;
as male and female, 164, ii. 9;
as female, both old and young, i. 164 _sqq._;
represented by person who cuts, binds, or threshes the last corn, 167
_sq._, 220 _sqq._, 236, 253 _sq._;
fertilising influence of, 168;
its influence on women, 168;
represented by human beings, 168, 204 _sqq._, ii. 333;
in form of an old man, i. 206 _sq._;
in first corn cut, 215;
personal representative of, killed in mimicry, 216;
killing the, 216 _sqq._, 223 _sqq._;
represented by a puppet, 224;
represented by a stranger, 225 _sqq._;
conceived as poor and robbed by the reapers, 231 _sqq._;
slain in his human representatives, 251 _sqq._;
the neck of the, 268;
as animal, 270 _sqq._;
on the animal embodiments of the, 303 _sqq._;
as wolf or dog, 271, _sqq._, ii. 327;
the tail of the, i. 268, 272, 300, ii. 10, 43;
as cock, i. 276 _sqq._, 277 _sq._;
as hare, 279 _sq._;
as cat, 280 _sq._;
as goat, 281 _sqq._, ii. 327;
lame, i. 284;
slain in the form of a goat, 284 _sq._, 287;
as bull, cow, or ox, 288 _sqq._, ii. 8;
killed in form of bull, i. 290, 291 _sq._;
killed at threshing, 291 _sq._;
as horse or mare, 292 _sqq._;
in form of calf, 292;
as a bird, 295;
as fox, 296 _sq._;
as pig (boar, sow), 298 _sqq._;
represented by an ox, ii. 9 _sqq._;
killed in animal form and eaten sacramentally, 20;
as a bear, 325 _sqq._;
represented dramatically, 325;
as a boar, 328;
represented by a man called the Straw-bear, 329
—— -stalks, harvesters wrapt up in, i. 220 _sqq._
—— -wolf, i. 272, 273, 275
—— -woman, i. 230, 233;
at threshing, 149
Corners of fields not to be reaped, i. 234 _sq._
Corpus Christi Day, i. 310
Cos, harvest-home in, i. 47
Cotton, treatment of first cotton picked, ii. 119
Courage seated in gall-bladder, ii. 145 _sq._
Cow, corn-spirit as, i. 288 _sqq._
Cow’s hide, thresher of last corn wrapt in, i. 291;
custom of beating the, ii. 322 _sqq._
Cows milked by women, i. 118;
and their milk, superstitions as to, ii. 84 _n._ 1 and 2
Cranes, trumpeting of the, signal for ploughing, i. 45
Creek Indians, ii. 72, 139
Cretan festival of Dionysus, i. 14 _sq._
—— myth of Dionysus, i. 13
Crete, ancient seat of worship of Demeter, i. 131;
pig not eaten in, ii. 21 _n._ 1
Cries of reapers, i. 263 _sqq._
Cripple Goat, the, i. 284
Crocodile, clay image of, ii. 279
—— -catchers, rules observed by, ii. 209 _sq._
Crocodiles hunted by savages for their flesh, ii. 208 _n._ 2;
often spared by savages out of respect, 208 _sqq._;
ceremonies observed at catching, 209 _sqq._;
kinship of men with, 212 _sq._, 214 _sq._;
respected in Africa and Madagascar, 213 _sqq._;
sacred at Dix Cove, 287;
souls of dead in, 289, 290, 291, 295
Cronion, a Greek month, ii. 7, 8 _n._ 1
Crooke, W., i. 118 _n._, 234 _n._ 2, ii. 56 _n._ 3
Crops, charms and spells for growth of, i. 100;
rotation of, 117;
human sacrifices for the, 236 _sqq._
Cross River natives, ii. 115
Crow, head of, eaten to prolong life, ii. 143;
transmigration of sinner into, 299
—— Song, the Greek, ii. 322 _n._
Crown of corn-ears, i. 163, 221, 283;
worn by Demeter and Persephone, 43
“Crying the Mare” in Hertfordshire, i. 292 _sq._;
in Shropshire, 293
“Crying the neck,” i. 264 _sqq._
Cultivation, shifting, i. 99;
_see_ Agriculture
“Cup of offering,” ii. 184
Curcho, old Prussian god, ii. 133
Curetes, their war-dance, i. 13
Curses uttered by Bouzygai, i. 108
Cuscuses, souls of dead in, ii. 296, 298
Cushing, Frank H., quoted, ii. 175 _sqq._
Cuzco, i. 310
Cycle, the octennial in Greece, i. 80 _sqq._
Cynaetha, i. 16
Cyzicus, i. 16
Dacotas, the, ii. 256
Dama, island of, ii. 101
Damatrius, a Boeotian month, i. 46
Dance at harvest supper, i. 134, 135, 145;
of harvesters with or round the last sheaf, 135, 141, 145, 160, 219, 220
_sq._;
of masked men before sowing, 186;
of Dyaks to secure soul of rice, 188 _sq._;
of old women as representatives of the corn-goddess, 205;
Pawnee, before human sacrifice, 238;
before the king at ceremony of first-fruits, ii. 70 _sq._;
of Zulu king, 66, 68 _n._ 3;
of medicine-man, 72;
the Green Corn Dance, 76;
war, 79;
by torchlight, 79;
of Kansas Indians, 145
“the angel dance,” 328;
of mummers at Carnival, 333, 334;
of mummer wearing a horse-headed mask, 338
Dances, i. 246, 247;
at sowing festival, 95;
masked, 95 _sq._, 111, 186, ii. 208 _n._ 1;
at the reappearance of the Pleiades, i. 307, 309, 311, 312, 317;
in imitation of totemic animals, ii. 76;
Mexican, 88;
in connexion with offerings of first-fruits, 113, 116, 126, 131, 134;
of men personifying deities, 179;
of women at bear-festival, 185, 186 _sq._, 191, 195;
of women at catching a crocodile, 211;
round dead tigers, 216;
of the Koryak at the slaughter of bears or wolves, 223;
in honour of slain leopards, 228;
of Koryak women at slaughter of whales, 232 _sq._;
to amuse the souls of dead sea-beasts, 248;
of Shrovetide Bear, 325 _sq._;
to make the crops thrive, 326, 328, 330 _sq._;
of masked men and women in ritual, 339
Dancing for salmon, ii. 255
Danger Island, i. 312
Danzig, harvest customs at, i. 133, 218 _sq._
Darfur, ii. 147
Darwin and Empedocles, ii. 306
Daughter-in-law in ritual, ii. 121 _sq._
Dawkins, R. M., i. 25 _n._ 4, 29 _n._ 2
Dead, rebirth of the, i. 84;
fear of the, ii. 36 _sq._;
souls of the, 64;
festival in honour of, at end of harvest, 110;
buried in the houses, 115;
bones of the, 153 _sq._;
mourners rub themselves with the fat or putrefying juices of the, 162
_sq._;
souls of the human, supposed to be in caterpillars, 275 _sq._; and in
other animals, 285 _sqq._
—— men mutilated in order to disable their ghosts, ii. 271 _sqq._
—— spirits of the, supposed to influence the crops, i. 104;
give rain, ii. 109 _sq._;
first-fruits offered to, 109 _sq._, 111 _sqq._, 115, 116, 119, 121, 123,
124 _sqq._;
prayers to, 112, 113, 124 _sq._;
in trees, 113
Deane, Mrs. J. H., ii. 319 _n._ 2
Death and resurrection of the gods, i. 1, 12 _sqq._, 15
—— pollution of, ii. 85 _n._ 3
Deer, flesh of, eaten to prolong life or to avoid fever, ii. 143;
not eaten by warriors, 144;
treated with respect by American Indians, 240 _sqq._;
their bones not given to dogs, 241, 242, 243;
Indian custom of cutting out the sinew of the thighs of, 264 _sqq._;
souls of dead in, 286, 293 _sq._
_Deiseil_ or _deiseal_, according to the course of the sun, ii. 323, 324
Deities of vegetation as animals, ii. 1 _sqq._
Deity, communion with, ii. 325
Delagoa Bay, i. 114, ii. 280
Delaware Indians, ii. 218
Delphi, grave of Dionysus at, i. 14
Delphic oracle, i. 55, 58
Demeter, mother of Dionysus by Zeus, i. 14, 66;
Homeric Hymn to, 35 _sqq._, 70;
a personification of the corn, 39, 40 _sq._;
distinguished from the Earth-goddess, 41, 43;
at the threshing-floor, 41 _sq._, 47;
in art, 43 _sq._, 88 _sq._;
offering of first-fruits to, 46 _sqq._;
surnamed Proerosia, 51;
bestows corn on the Athenians, 54;
worshipped in Sicily, 56 _sqq._;
bestows corn on the Sicilians, 56 _sq._;
sacrifices to her at sowing, 57;
associated with seed-corn, 58;
her epithets, 63 _sq._;
her image at Eleusis, 64;
her intrigue with Zeus, 66;
etymology of name, 131;
in relation to the pig, ii. 16 _sqq._;
horse-headed, of Phigalia, 21, 338;
rustic prototype of, 334
—— and Iasion, i. 208
—— and Pelops, ii. 263
—— and Persephone, i. 35 _sqq._;
resemblance of their artistic types, 67 _sq._;
their essential identity, 90;
associated with death and immortality, 90 _sq._;
double personification of the corn as, 208 _sqq._
—— and Zeus, ii. 9;
marriage of, i. 65 _sqq._
—— Black, i. 263;
of Phigalia, ii. 21
—— Green, i. 42, 263
—— Yellow, i. 41 _sq._
Demeter’s corn, i. 42
Democritus, ii. 146
Demons or ghosts deceived by dummies, ii. 96 _sqq._;
repelled by gun-shots, 99
Dendereh, sculptures at, i. 260
Dengdit, high god of the Dinka, ii. 40 _n._, 114 _n._ 2
Denmark, harvest customs in, i. 139 _sq._, 231;
the Yule Boar in, i. 300 _sq._
De Smet, J., i. 239 _n._ 1
Descent of Persephone, i. 46, ii. 17
Devonshire reapers, cries of, i. 264 _sqq._
Diasia, an Athenian sacrifice, ii. 95 _n._ 2
Dieri, the, of Central Australia, i. 106, ii. 151
Digger Indians, the, ii. 164
Digging-sticks used by women, i. 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
Dijon, harvest custom near, i. 290
Dinka, the, ii. 37 _sqq._, 114
Diocles, i. 37
Diodorus Siculus, on worship of Demeter and Persephone, i. 56 _sqq._
Dionysus, i. 1 _sqq._;
god of the vine, 2 _sq._;
god of trees, 3 _sq._;
a god of agriculture and corn, 5;
and the winnowing-fan, 5 _sqq._;
as Zagreus, 12;
horned, 12;
son of Zeus by Persephone, Demeter, or Semele, 12, 14;
death and resurrection of, 12 _sqq._, 32;
ritual of, 14 _sq._;
grave of, 14;
as a bull, 16 _sq._, 31;
as a goat, 17 _sq._;
torn to pieces at Thebes, 25;
his marriage to the Queen of Athens, 30 _sq._;
son of Zeus and Demeter, 66;
and the bull-roarer, 110 _n._ 4;
his relation to Pan, Satyrs, and Silenuses, ii. 1 _sqq._;
as a bull, 3 _sq._;
live animals rent in rites of, 16;
the Foxy, 282
Dittenberger, W., i. 77 _n._ 4
Dius, a Macedonian month, i. 46 _n._ 2
Divination, ii. 210;
magic dwindles into, i. 110 _n._;
by shoulder-blade, ii. 234
Diviners, ancient, their rules of diet, ii. 143
Dodwell, E., at Eleusis, i. 64
Dog, corn-spirit as, i. 271 _sqq._;
of the harvest, 273;
feast on flesh of, ii. 256;
sacrifice of the White, 258 _n._ 2;
transmigration of sinner into, 299
—— -eating Spirit, i. 21
—— -star, i. 261
Dog’s flesh or liver eaten to acquire bravery, ii. 145
Dogs devoured in religious rites, i. 20, 21, 22;
sacrificed, ii. 196, 202;
not allowed to gnaw bones of slain animals, 225, 238 _sqq._, 243, 259;
bones of deer not given to, 241, 242, 243
Doll made of last corn at harvest, i. 140, 151, 153, 155, 157, 162
D’Orbigny, A., quoted, i. 120
Dormice, charm against, ii. 281
Door of house protected against fiends, ii. 96
Dough image of god eaten sacramentally, ii. 86 _sqq._, 90 _sq._
—— images of animals sacrificed instead of the animals, ii. 95 _n._ 2
—— puppets as substitutes for live human beings, ii. 101 _sq._
Dragon’s blood, ii. 146
Drama, modern Thracian, at the Carnival, i. 25 _sqq._;
magical, 187 _sq._
Dramatic representations of the corn-spirit, ii. 325
—— rites practised with magical intention, i. 1
Dreams as a source of belief in immortality, ii. 260 _sq._
Drinking juices of dead kinsfolk, ii. 163 _n._ 3
Dryas, son of Lycurgus, i. 24, 25
Du Pratz, Le Page, ii. 77 _sqq._
Duke of York Islands, ii. 252
Dumbartonshire, harvest customs in, i. 157 _sq._
Dummies to avert attention of ghosts or demons, ii. 96 _sqq._
“Dumping” people on harvest field, i. 226 _sq._
Dumplings in human form at threshing, i. 148;
in form of pigs, 299
Duplication of deities, i. 212 _sq._
Durham, harvest customs in, i. 151
Dyaks, the, i. 313, 314, ii. 100, 101, 102, 152;
their ceremonies to secure the rice-soul, i. 188 _sq._;
of Borneo, ii. 122, 144, 209, 211;
of Sarawak, 279
Dying and Reviving God, i. 1, 33
Eagle-owl worshipped by the Aino, ii. 199
Eagles worshipped by the Aino, ii. 200;
propitiation of dead, 236
Ears regarded as the seat of intelligence, ii. 148;
of dead enemies cut out, 271 _sq._
Earth, Mother, ii. 105
—— the spirit of the, ii. 120
—— -God, i. 69
—— -goddess, ii. 115;
distinguished from Demeter, i. 41, 43, 89;
in Greek art, 89;
human sacrifices offered to, 245, 246, 249, 250
—— -gods, slaves of the, ii. 61, 62 _n._ 1
—— -mothers, i. 173 _n._
Easing nature, a charm used by robbers, i. 235
East Indies, the Rice-mother in the, i. 180 _sqq._
Easter, i. 300
—— Eve, i. 134
—— Islanders, ii. 133
—— Sunday, i. 33
Eater of animals, as epithet of a god, i. 23
Eating the god, ii. 48 _sqq._, 167;
among the Aztecs, 86 _sqq._
—— the soul of the rice, ii. 54
Eckstein, Miss L., ii. 317 _n._ 2
Ecstasy induced by smoking, ii. 72
Edonians, the, i. 24
Eels, souls of dead in, ii. 289, 290, 292
Effigies of men and women hung at doors of houses, ii. 94;
buried with the dead to deceive their ghosts, 97 _sq._;
used to cure or prevent sickness, 100 _sqq._
_See also_ Doll, Images, Puppet
Effigy of an ox broken as a spring ceremony in China, ii. 10 _sqq._
Eggs not eaten, ii. 140;
charm to make hens lay, 326
Egypt, ancient, stratification of religion in, ii. 35
Egyptian kings, their animal masks, i. 260
—— reapers, their cries, i. 263
—— type of animal sacrament, ii. 312 _sq._, 314
Egyptians, human sacrifices offered by the ancient, i. 259 _sq._;
the ancient, their religious attitude to pigs, ii. 24 _sqq._
El Kiboron clan of the Masai, ii. 288
Elans treated with respect by American Indians, ii. 240
Elephant’s flesh thought to make eater strong, ii. 143
Elephants, ceremonies observed at the slaughter of, ii. 227 _sq._, 237;
souls of dead in, 289
Eleusine grain, i. 117
Eleusinian Games, i. 70 _sqq._, 110, 180;
less ancient than the Eleusinian mysteries, 87 _sq._
—— inscription dealing with first-fruits, i. 55 _sq._
—— mysteries, i. 35, 37 _sqq._, 65 _sqq._ 69 _sq._, 78 _sq._, 161 _sq._,
188;
instituted by Demeter, 70
Eleusis, Demeter at, i. 36 _sq._;
offerings of first-fruits at, 53 _sqq._;
image of Demeter at, 64;
prayer for rain at, 69;
the Rarian plain at, 36, 70, 74, 234, ii. 15
Eleutherian games at Plataea, i. 80
Elijah, the prophet, i. 233
Elis, Dionysus at, i. 17
Elk treated with respect, ii. 240;
embryos of, not eaten, 243
Ellis, William, quoted, i. 312
Elopango, i. 237
Embodiment, human, of the corn-spirit, ii. 333
Emboq Sri, rice-bride, i. 200 _sq._
Embryos of elk not eaten, ii. 243
Emetics used before eating new corn, ii. 73, 75 _sq._, 76;
sacred, 74
Empedocles, his doctrine of transmigration, ii. 300 _sqq._;
his resemblance to Buddha, 302;
his theory of the material universe like that of Herbert Spencer, 303
_sqq._;
as a forerunner of Darwin, 306;
his posing as a god, 307
Enchanters of crops, foods forbidden to, i. 100
Encounter Bay tribe, i. 126
Enemies, mutilation of dead, ii. 271 _sq._
Energy, the conservation of, ii. 226
En-jemusi, the, of East Africa, i. 118
Epiphany, i. 302
Epithets applied to Demeter, i. 63 _sq._
Equinox, human sacrifice offered soon after the spring equinox, i. 239
Erigone and Icarius, ii. 133
Esquimaux, the Central, ii. 246;
dietary rules of, 84
—— of Baffin Land, ii. 257
—— of Bering Strait, i. 150, ii. 247, 272
—— of Hudson Bay, ii. 245 _sq._
Essex, hunting the wren in, ii. 320
Esthonia, i. 302
Esthonian reapers, i. 285;
peasants, their treatment of weevils, ii. 274
Esthonians, the, i. 298, 300, ii. 51
Etna, Mount, i. 57
Etymology, its uncertainty as a base for mythological theories, i. 41 _n._
Eubuleus, ii. 19
Eubulus, i. 56
Eudoxus of Cnidus, i. 81, ii. 30
Eumolpids, i. 56
Eumolpus, i. 37, 70, 73
Euphorbus the Trojan, ii. 300
Europe, Corn-mother and Corn-maiden in Northern, i. 131 _sqq._
Evolution and dissolution, ii. 305 _sq._
Ewe hunters, ii. 244
—— negroes, ii. 45, 115, 143, 149;
their festival of new yams, 58 _sqq._;
their belief as to the spirit-land, 105 _sq._;
their ceremonies after killing leopards, 228 _sqq._
Exclusion of strangers, i. 94, 111
Eyes shut at prayer, ii. 81;
of men eaten, 153;
of slaughtered animals cut out, 267 _sqq._, 271;
of dead enemies gouged out, 271 _sq._
Faces of bear-hunters painted red and black, ii. 226;
blackened, i. 291, 299
_Fady_, taboo, ii. 46
Fafnir, the dragon, ii. 146
Falcon’s eye used as charm, ii. 164
Faleshas, a Jewish sect, ii. 266 _n._ 1
Fallow, thrice-ploughed, i. 66, 69;
lands allowed to lie, 117, 123
Fanning away ill luck, i. 10
Fans, the, of West Africa, ii. 140
Farmer’s wife, pretence of threshing, i. 149 _sq._
Farmers, propitiation of vermin by, ii. 274 _sqq._
Farnell, Dr. L. R., i. 3 _n._ 1, 15 _n._, 68 _n._ 1, ii. 2 _n._ 9
Fast before eating new fruits, ii. 73 _sq._, 76 _sq._
Fasting and continence, ii. 14
_Fastnachtsbär_, ii. 325
Fat, anointing the body with, from superstitious motives, ii. 162 _sq._,
164, 165
Fatigue of the Horse, i. 294
Fauns, ii. 1 _sqq._
Feathers of cock mixed with seed-corn, i. 278;
of wren, virtue attributed to, ii. 319
Feet of enemies eaten, ii. 151
Felkin, Dr. R. W., ii. 314 _sq._
Fernando Po, ii. 174
Fertilising influence of the corn-spirit, i. 168
Festival before Ploughing (_Proerosia_), i. 51 _sqq._, 60;
of the Cornstalks at Eleusis, 63;
of the Threshing-floor (_Haloa_) at Eleusis, 60 _sqq._, 75;
of winter solstice, ii. 90;
of New Fire, 135;
of bladders among the Esquimaux, 247 _sqq._
Festivals of new yams, ii. 58 _sqq._
Fewkes, J. Walter, quoted, i. 312
Fez, orgiastic rites at, i. 21
Fictitious burials to divert the attention of demons from the real
burials, ii. 98 _sqq._
“Field of God,” ii. 14, 15
“Field of secret tillage,” ii. 57
Fields, miniature, dedicated to spirits, i. 233 _sq._
Fife, harvest custom in, i. 227
Fifty-two years, Aztec cycle of, i. 310 _sq._
Fig Dionysus, i. 4
—— trees, sacred wild, ii. 113
Fiji, sacrifice of first-fruits in, ii. 125
Finns, their propitiation of slain bears, ii. 223 _sq._
Fire not given out, i. 249;
god of, ii. 93;
made by friction of wood, 127, 136, 314;
purification by, 249;
not to be blown upon, 254;
new, ii. 65, 74, 75, 78;
sacred, i. 311, ii. 255, 314;
festival of, ii. 135
“Fireless and Homeless,” a mythical giant, ii. 265, 266
Fire-sticks called “husband and wife,” ii. 65
Fires extinguished, ii. 73
Firing guns to repel demons, ii. 99
Firmicus Maternus, i. 13
First-fruits offered to Demeter, i. 46 _sqq._;
offered to Demeter and Persephone at Eleusis, 53 _sqq._;
offered to the sun, 237;
primitive reluctance to taste, ii. 6;
sacrament of, 48 _sqq._;
offered to goddess of agriculture, 56;
why savages scruple to eat the, 82 _sq._;
sacrifice of, 109 _sqq._;
presented to the king, 109, 116, 122;
offered to the spirits of the dead, 109 _sq._, 111 _sqq._, 115, 116,
119, 121, 123, 124 _sqq._
Fish, sacred, ii. 26;
the first caught, sacrificed, 132;
not eaten, 140;
treated with respect by fishing tribes, 249 _sqq._;
compensated by fishermen, 252;
first of the season, treated ceremoniously, 253 _sqq._;
souls of dead in, 285, 291, 295
—— bones of, not burned, ii. 250, 251;
not to be broken, 255
Fison, Rev. Lorimer, quoted, ii. 125
Flail, pretence of throttling persons with flail at threshing, i. 149, 150
Flamen Dialis, inaugurates the vintage, ii. 133
Flax-mother, i. 133
Flesh of human victim eaten, i. 240, 244, 251;
buried in field, 248, 250
—— diet, homoeopathic magic of a, ii. 138 _sqq._
Flies, charms against, ii. 281;
souls of dead in, 290 _sq._
Florida, one of the Solomon Islands, ii. 85, 126
Flowery Dionysus, i. 4
Fly-catcher Zeus, ii. 282
Flying-fish, the first of the season, ii. 127
—— fox, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Folk-tales, tongues of wild beasts cut out in, ii. 269
Foods forbidden to enchanters of crops, i. 100;
certain, forbidden to meet in stomach of eater, ii. 83 _sqq._
Fool, one of the mummers on Plough Monday, ii. 330
—— -hen, heart of, not eaten, ii. 140
Foot, limping on one, i. 232, 284
Foucart, P., i. 32 _n._ 6
Foulahs of Senegambia, ii. 214
Fox, stuffed, i. 287, 297;
corn-spirit as, 296 _sq._;
carried from house to house in spring, 297;
Koryak ceremony at killing a, ii. 223;
Esquimau and Aino treatment of dead, 244, 267;
soul of dead in a, 286
Fox’s tail, name given to last standing corn, i. 268
—— tongue as amulet, ii. 270
Foxy Dionysus, ii. 282
France, harvest customs in, i. 135, 271, 275, 280, 295, 296;
hunting the wren in, ii. 320 _sq._
Franche-Comté, harvest customs in, i. 281, 286 _sq._
Franken (Franconia), harvest customs in, i. 148
Friction of wood, fire made by, ii. 127, 136;
new fire made by, i. 311, ii. 74, 78;
sacred fire made by, 314
Frog, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Fruit-trees bound with Yule straw, i. 301;
Dionysus a god of, i. 3 _sq._;
presided over by dead chiefs, ii. 125
Fruits and roots, wild, ceremonies at gathering the first of the season,
ii. 80 _sqq._
Fumigation as mode of cultivating moral virtues, ii. 166 _sq._
Funeral of caterpillars, ii. 279;
of dead snake, 317
Furnivall, J. S., i. 190 _sq._
Gadbas, the, ii. 118
Galelareese, their burial custom, ii. 97
Galicia, harvest customs in, i. 135, 277
Gall-bladders, the seat of courage, ii. 145 _sq._
Gallas, the, ii. 154, 266 _n._ 2, 270
Galloway, harvest customs in, i. 279
Game of ball played as a rite, ii. 76, 79
Games held by harvesters, i. 75 _sqq._;
quadriennial period of Greek, 77 _sqq._;
octennial period of Greek, 80;
in primitive agriculture, magical significance of, 92 _sqq._;
played at the sowing festival among the Kayans, 94 _sqq._, 97 _sq._;
played for the good of the crops, 101;
magical, 102;
athletic, ii. 66
—— the Eleusinian, i. 70 _sqq._, 110, 180
Gander’s neck, name given to last standing corn, i. 268
Gaṇeṣa, ii. 56
Gaolis, the, i. 7
Gardner, Percy, quoted, i. 44
Gareloch, harvest customs on the, i. 157 _sq._, 218 _n._ 2, 268
Garos, the, of Assam, ii. 43 _n._ 1, 116;
ceremony of the Horse at rice-harvest among the, 337 _sqq._
Gayo-land, ii. 33
Gazelle Peninsula, i. 123
Gazelles, souls of dead in, ii. 289
Geminus, on the supposed influence of the stars, i. 318 _sq._
Generalisations of science inadequate to cover all particular facts, ii.
37
Generation, male organ of, as emblem of Dionysus, i. 12;
effigy of male organ of, in Thracian ceremony, 26, 29
Genius, Aristotle on men of, ii. 302 _n._ 5
—— or patron of animals, ii. 243
_Genna_, taboo, in Assam, i. 109 _n._ 2
Germans, the ancient, i. 129
Germany, the Corn-mother in, i. 132 _sqq._;
cries of reapers in, 269;
the corn-spirit as an animal in, 271, 277, 279, 296, 300
Ghosts or demons deceived by dummies, ii. 96 _sqq._;
offerings to ancestral, 127;
of animals feared, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 227 _sq._, 229,
231 _sq._, 235, 236, 237, 241, 245, 267 _sq._, 269, 271;
disabled by the mutilation of their bodies, 271 _sqq._
Gilgit, ii. 56
Gill, W. W., quoted, i. 312
Gilyak procession with bear, ii. 322, 325
—— shaman, ii. 103
Gilyaks, the, of Siberia, ii. 206, 238, 267;
their bear-festivals, 190 _sqq._
Ginger cultivated, i. 123
Girls sacrificed for the crops, i. 237, 239
Gnats, charm against, ii. 281
Goat in relation to Dionysus, i. 17 _sq._;
sacrificed for human victim, 249;
corn-spirit as, 281 _sqq._, ii. 327;
the Cripple or Lame, i. 284;
killed on harvest-field, 285;
stuffed, 287;
killed at sowing, 288
—— and Athena, ii. 40 _sq._
—— -formed deities, ii. 1 _sqq._
—— live, torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, i. 18, ii. 16
—— skin, mask of, i. 26;
worn by farmer at harvest, 285
—— skins, mummers clad in, i. 26 _sqq._
Goat’s neck, name given to last standing corn, i. 268
Goats torn to pieces by fanatics in Morocco, i. 21 _sq._;
sacrificed to wolves, ii. 284
God, the Dying and Reviving, i. 1, 33;
killed in animal form, 22 _sq._;
eating the, ii. 48 _sqq._
Gods, death and resurrection of, i. 1, 12 _sqq._;
distinguished from spirits, 169;
in the likeness of foreigners, 236
Goldi, bear-festivals of the, ii. 197
—— shaman, ii. 103
Goldsmith, transmigration of thief into, ii. 299
Gonds, human sacrifices among the, i. 244
Good Friday, i. 33
—— Spirit, the, i. 206
Goose, to lose the, i. 277 _n._ 3
Gorillas, souls of dead in, ii. 289
Grandmother, name given to last sheaf, i. 136
Grapes, the last, not to be stript, i. 234 _sq._
Grasshoppers, charm against, ii. 281
Grave of Dionysus, i. 14
Graves, sacrifices at, ii. 113;
false, to deceive demons, ii. 99 _sq._
Great Bassam, in Guinea, ii. 9
—— Eleusinian Games, i. 71, 79
—— Mother, the, name given to the last sheaf, i. 135 _sq._
—— Mysteries of Eleusis, their date, i. 51
Great Sun, title of head chief of the Natchez, ii. 77 _sqq._
—— Vigil, i. 176
Greece, theory of the transmigration of souls in ancient, ii. 300
Greek divinities who died and rose again, i. 2;
farmers, their seasons for sowing and reaping, i. 318
—— months lunar, i. 52
—— summer rainless, i. 69
Green Corn Dance, ii. 76
—— Festival at Eleusis, i. 63
Greenlanders, the, ii. 246
Gregor, Rev. Walter, i. 158 _sqq._
Gregory of Tours, ii. 281
Grey, Sir George, quoted, i. 127
Ground, last sheaf not allowed to touch the, i. 158, 159, 161
Guadacanal, island of, ii. 127
Guaranis, the, of Paraguay, i. 309
“Guardian gods” of the Hos, i. 234
Guardian-spirit, ii. 60;
of family, i. 121
—— spirits of American Indians, ii. 207
Guayaquil, in Ecuador, i. 236
Guaycurus of the Gran Chaco, i. 309
Guazacualco, ii. 259
Guiana, Indians of British, i. 120, ii. 236;
their animism, 204
Guinea-fowl gives signal for planting, i. 117
Guns fired to repel demons, ii. 99
_Guré_, a hobby-horse, ii. 337 _sq._
Haddon, Dr. A. C., i. 106 _n._ 1
Hadrian institutes games at Mantinea, i. 80
Hag (_wrach_), name given to last corn cut in Wales, i. 142 _sqq._
Hahn, Theophilus, i. 317
Haida Indians, i. 20
Hair of slain foes, use made of, ii. 153
Halibut, the first of the season, treatment of, ii. 253
Hallowmas, i. 140
Halmahera, i. 183
_Haloa_, Attic festival, i. 60 _sqq._
Hamstring of deer, custom of removing, ii. 266
Hamstringing dead animals, ii. 267, 271, 273
—— men to disable their ghosts, ii. 272, 273
Hand-marks, white, ii. 338
Hands of enemies eaten, ii. 151, 152
Hanover, harvest customs in, i. 133, 135, 283
Hare, corn-spirit as, i. 279 _sq._
Hare-skin Indians, ii. 265
Hare’s tail, name given to last standing corn, i. 268
Hares not eaten, ii. 141
Harran, sacrifices offered by the heathen of, i. 261 _sq._
—— legend of Tammuz, i. 258
Harrison, Miss J. E., i. 5 _n._ 4, 60 _n._ 1, 62 _n._ 6
Harte, Bret, ii. 171 _n._ 1
Hartland, E. S., i. 143 _n._ 1, 224 _n._ 4
Harvest, festival of the dead at the close of, ii. 110;
in Greece, date of, i. 48
—— -child, i. 151
—— -cock, i. 276, 277
—— -crown, i. 221, 277
—— -customs and spring customs compared, i. 167 _sqq._
—— -goat, i. 282, 283
—— -man, i. 221
—— -mother, i. 135
—— -Queen, i. 146 _sq._
—— -supper, i. 134, 138, 156, 157, 159 _sq._, 161 _sq._, 297;
sacramental character of, 303
—— -woman, i. 145
—— -wreath, i. 283
Harvesters, athletic competitions among, i. 76 _sq._;
wrapt up in corn-stalks, 220 _sqq._
_Hawkie_, i. 146, 147 _n._ 1
Hawks, revered by the Aino, ii. 200
Hay, Sir John Drummond, i. 179
Head of horse, ii. 42, 43 _n._ 1, 337
—— -hunting, human, i. 240 _sqq._;
practice of, 256
Headlam, Walter, i. 2 _n._ 1
Heads shaved, ii. 161
Heart of Dionysus, the sacred, i. 13, 14, 15;
of human victim torn out, ii. 92;
of lion or leopard eaten to make the eater brave, 142 _sq._;
of water-ousel eaten in order to acquire wisdom and eloquence, 144;
of bear eaten to acquire courage, 146;
of serpent eaten to acquire language of animals, 146;
of wolf eaten to acquire courage, 146;
regarded as the seat of intellect, 149
Hearts of men sacrificed, i. 236;
of crows, moles, or hawks eaten, ii. 143;
of men eaten to acquire their qualities, 148 _sqq._
Heaven-herds among the Zulus, ii. 160
Hebrews forbidden to reap corners of fields and glean, last grapes, i. 234
_sq._
Heckewelder, Rev. J., quoted, ii. 205 _sq._
Hedgehog, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Hemithea, sanctuary of, ii. 85
Hen, heart of, not eaten, ii. 142, 147;
hens not eaten, ii. 140
Henna, image of Demeter at, i. 65
Hephaestius, a Greek month, i. 46 _n._ 2
Heraeon, a Greek month, ii. 7
Heralds and tongues, ii. 271
Hercules and Busiris, i. 259
Hercules and Lityerses, i. 217
—— and Syleus, i. 258
—— and Zeus, ii. 172
—— surnamed Locust, ii. 282
Hermes, tongues of victims assigned to, ii. 270
Herrick, i. 147 _n._ 1
Herring, superstitions as to, ii. 251 _sq._
Hertfordshire, “crying the Mare,” in, i. 292 _sq._
Hervey Islands, i. 312
Hesiod on time for ploughing, i. 45;
on time of vintage, 47 _n._ 2;
on the farmer’s calendar, 53
Hierapolis on the Euphrates, ii. 23
Hierophant at Eleusis, i. 55, 65
Highlands of Scotland, beating the cow’s hide in the, ii. 322 _sqq._
Hill-Tout, C., ii. 80 _sq._, 134
Himerius, on the gift of the corn, i. 58
Hindoos, sacrifice of first-fruits among the ancient, ii. 119 _sq._
Hippolytus and Virbius, ii. 40
—— on mysteries of Eleusis, i. 38
Hippopotamus, ceremony after killing a, ii. 235
Hippopotamuses, souls of dead in, ii. 289
_Hockey_ cart, i. 147 _n._ 1
Hodson, T. C., i. 109 _n._ 2
Hoeing, rites at, i. 96;
done by women, 113 _sq._
Hoensbroech, Count von, ii. 94
Hoes used by women in agriculture, i. 114, 115, 116, 118, 119
Hoggan, Frances, i. 267
Hogmanay, the last day of the year, ii. 323
Holiness conceived as a dangerous virus, ii. 29
Hollis, A. C., ii. 155
Homer on Demeter, i. 41 _sq._;
on loves of Zeus and Demeter, 66;
on gods in likeness of foreigners, 236
Homeric Greeks, ii. 270
—— _Hymn to Demeter_, i. 35 _sqq._
Homoeopathic or imitative magic, i. 62, 262, ii. 267, 331, 333, 334;
of a flesh diet, ii. 138 _sqq._
Honduras, Indians of, ii. 241
Hone, W., quoted, i. 264 _sq._
Hop-picking, custom at, i. 226
Horned Dionysus, i. 12, 16
Horse, “seeing the Horse,” i. 294;
“Cross of the Horse,” 294;
“fatigue of the Horse,” 294;
sacrificed to Mars at Rome, ii. 42 _sqq._;
ceremony of the, at rice-harvest among the Garos, 337 _sqq._
—— and Virbius, ii. 40 _sqq._
—— -headed Demeter of Phigalia, ii. 21, 338
—— or mare, corn-spirit as, i. 292 _sqq._
Horse-races, i. 71, ii. 114;
at harvest, i. 76
Horse’s head, ii. 42, 43 _n._ 1, 337 _sq._
Horses, Lycurgus torn to pieces by, i. 24;
excluded from Arician grove, ii. 40 _sqq._;
excluded from sanctuaries, 45 _sq._
Horus, eye of, ii. 30
Hos of Togoland, the, i. 130, 234, ii. 59;
a tribe of Ewe negroes, i. 115, 116;
of Bengal, ii. 117
Hottentots, the, i. 316 _sq._
Huahine, island of, ii. 132
Huichol Indians, the, ii. 93
Huitzilopochtli, a Mexican god, ii. 86, 90, 95
Human beings torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, i. 24
Human sacrifices for crops, i. 236 _sqq._;
offered by ancient Egyptians, 259 _sq._;
in Mexico, ii. 88
—— victims, substitutes for, i. 249;
treated as divine, 250
Hunters, propitiation of wild animals by, ii. 204 _sqq._;
of grisly bears, chastity observed by, 226
Hunting the wren, ii. 317 _sqq._
Hurons, the, ii. 250 _sq._
Huts, miniature, for ghosts, ii. 113
Huzuls, the, of the Carpathians, ii. 43 _n._ 1, 275
Hyaenas, souls of dead in, ii. 289
Hyes Attes, ii. 22
_Hymn to Demeter_, Homeric, i. 35 _sqq._, 70
Ialysus in Rhodes, ii. 45
Iasion and Demeter, i. 208
Ibans (Sea Dyaks) of Sarawak, ii. 279
Iberians, the, i. 129
Icarius and Erigone, ii. 133
Ichneumon, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Ida Batara, i. 202
Idah, ii. 228
Ideler, L., i. 86
Igaras of the Niger, ii. 228
Igbiras, the, ii. 115
Igorrots of the Philippines, ii. 292
Image of god made of dough and eaten sacramentally, ii. 86 _sqq._, 90
_sq._;
of snake carried about, 316 _sq._
Images of ancestors, ii. 53;
of animals sacrificed instead of the animals, 95 _n._ 2;
vicarious use of, 96 _sqq._;
of gods, suggested origin of, 173 _sq._;
of vermin made as a protection against them, 280 _sq._
_See also_ Effigies, Puppets
Imitation of spirits, i. 186
Immortality, hope of, associated with Eleusinian mysteries, i. 90 _sq._
—— of animals, savage faith in the, ii. 260 _sqq._
Immortality of soul revealed in mysteries of Dionysus, i. 15
_Inachi_, an offering of first-fruits, ii. 128, 131
_Inao_, sacred wands of the Aino, ii. 185, 186 _n._, 189
Inari, Japanese rice-god, i. 297
Incantations for growth of crops, i. 100
Incas, the, i. 310
India, the last sheaf of corn in, 222 _sq._;
doctrine of the transmigration of souls in ancient, ii. 298 _sq._
Indian Archipelago, the, i. 124
Indians of British Columbia, their cannibal orgies, i. 18 _sq._;
of South America, women’s agricultural work among the, 119 _sqq._
Indonesian ideas of rice-soul, i. 181 _sq._
Indra, Indian god, ii. 120
Ingiald, son of King Aunund, ii. 146
Inoculation with moral and other virtues, ii. 158 _sqq._
Inscription, Eleusinian, dealing with first-fruits, i. 55 _sq._
Intercalation in Greek calendar, i. 81
Invulnerability, ii. 160
Iowa Indians, ii. 217
Irayas, the, of Luzon, ii. 124
Ireland, hunting the wren in, ii. 319 _sq._
Iron axe, use of, forbidden, ii. 248
Iroquois, their sacrifice of a white dog, ii. 258 _n._ 1
_Isilimela_, the Pleiades, i. 316
Isis, i. 262;
dirge of, 215;
at Tithorea, festivals of, ii. 18 _n._ 1;
in relation to cows, 35
Islay, harvest customs in, i. 141 _sq._
Isle de France, harvest customs in, i. 221, 226
Isle of Man, hunting the wren in the, ii. 318 _sq._
Isocrates, on Demeter’s gift of the corn, i. 54 _sq._
Isowa or Aïsawa, order of saints in Morocco, i. 21
Israelites, their brazen serpent, ii. 281
Isthmian games, i. 86
Italy, vintage custom in, ii. 133
Ivy Girl, i. 153
Jabme-Aimo, the abode of the dead, ii. 257
Jackal, transmigration of sinner into, ii. 299
Jackal’s heart not eaten, ii. 141
Jacob, the wrestling of, ii. 264
—— of Edessa, 280 _n._
Jaguars eaten to inspire courage, ii. 140;
souls of dead in, 285, 286
Ja-luo, the, Nilotic negroes, ii. 142
Jankari, a god, i. 244
Japan, rice-god in, i. 297
Japanese deities of the Sun, i. 212
_Jatakas_, ii. 299 _n._ 5
Java, use of winnowing-basket in, i. 6;
ceremony at rice-harvest in, 199 _sqq._
Jawbones of slain beasts propitiated by hunters, ii. 244 _sq._
Jebel-Nuba, ii. 221
Jewish high priest, ii. 27
Jews, their attitude to the pig, ii. 23 _sq._;
their ablutions, 27
Jochelson, W., ii. 232
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, ii. 322
Jukos, the, of Nigeria, ii. 160
_Julbuck_ in Scandinavia, ii. 327
Jumping over a woman, ceremony of, ii. 64, 70 _n._ 1, 253
Jupiter, lamb sacrificed to, at vintage, ii. 133
Kachins, the, of Upper Burma, ii. 120
Kai, the, of German New Guinea, i. 99 _sqq._, 313, ii. 33;
their belief in transmigration, 296
Kaimani Bay, i. 123
Kalamantans of Borneo, ii. 293 _sq._
Kalmucks, their consecration of a white ram, ii. 313 _sq._
Kamilaroi, the, of New South Wales, ii. 151, 162;
burial custom of the, 99 _sq._
Kamtchatka, ii. 195
Kamtchatkans, the, i. 315, ii. 257, 268;
their propitiation of slain animals, 222
_Kamui_, ii. 180, 198
Kandhs or Khonds. _See_ Khonds
Kangean archipelago, ii. 278
Kansas Indians, ii. 149
Karels of Finland, the, ii. 258 _n._ 2
Karens of Burma, i. 10;
their ceremonies to secure the rice-soul, 189 _sq._
Karo-Bataks of Sumatra, i. 196
Karoks of California, ii. 255
_Kashim_, ii. 247
Kaua Indians, i. 111
Kavirondo, ii. 26
Kayans or Bahaus, the, of central Borneo, i. 92 _sqq._, 107, 109, 111,
234, 314, ii. 54;
their ceremonies in connexion with rice, 184 _sqq._;
their custom as to eating deer, ii. 144;
their belief in transmigration, 293
—— of the Mahakam river, i. 186
—— of the Mendalam river, i. 97, 98
Kei Islands, ii. 123
Kekchis of Guatemala, ii. 241
_Kelah_, soul, i. 189
_Kemping_, i. 152
Kent, harvest custom in, i. 153
Kenyahs, the, of Borneo, i. 314
Key of the field, i. 226
Khön-ma, a Tibetan goddess, ii. 96
Khonds or Kandhs, human sacrifices for crops among the, i. 245 _sqq._
Kid, surname of Dionysus, i. 17
Kikuyu, i. 317
Killing a god in the form of an animal, i. 22 _sq._;
two types of the custom of, ii. 312 _sq._
—— the corn-spirit, i. 216 _sqq._
—— the divine animal, ii. 169 _sqq._
Kimbunda, the, of West Africa, ii. 152
King, title of Carnival mummer, i. 28 _sq._;
eats of new fruits before his people, ii. 63, 70;
first-fruits presented to the, 109, 116, 122;
so called, at Carcassone, 320 _sq._
—— of the Calf, i. 290
—— of the harvesters, i. 294
—— of the Rice, i. 197
King’s son sacrificed for his father, i. 13, 24 _sq._
Kings, trace of custom of slaying them annually, i. 254 _sq._;
turned at death into lions, ii. 288
Kings’ wives turned at death into leopards, ii. 288
Kingsmill Islands, ii. 127
Kinross, harvest custom in, i. 227
Kinship of men with crocodiles, ii. 212 _sq._, 214 _sq._;
of men with tigers, 216
_Kirn_ or _kern_, last corn cut, i. 151, 152 _sqq._;
name of the harvest-supper, 158
—— -baby, i. 151, 153
—— -doll, i. 151, 153, 154
—— -supper, i. 154
Kiwaii, i. 106
Kiziba, district of Central Africa, i. 118, ii. 219
_Klöppel_ (mallet), at threshing, i. 148
Kobeua Indians, the, i. 111, ii. 164
Kochs of Assam, ii. 116
Kon-Meney, a tribe of Cochin China, ii. 291
_Koragia_ at Mantinea, i. 46 _n._ 2
_Kore_, title of Persephone, i. 208
Koryak, their ceremonies at killing bears and wolves, ii. 223;
their ceremonies at the slaughter of whales, 232 _sqq._;
their treatment of a slain fox, 244
Kothluwalawa, a sacred lake, ii. 179
Krooben, a malevolent spirit, ii. 100
Kruyt, A. C., i. 182 _sq._
Kshetrpal, a Himalayan deity, ii. 117
Kudulu, a hill tribe of India, i. 244
_Kuker_ and _Kukerica_, ii. 332, 333, 334
Κυκεών, i. 161 _n._ 4
Kukis, the, ii. 155 _n._ 4
Kull Gossaih, an Indian goddess, ii. 118
Kwakiutl Indians, i. 20, ii. 220, 250
La Ciotat, near Marseilles, hunting the wren at, ii. 321
Ladakh, ii. 117
Lagos, human sacrifice at, i. 239
Lake-dwellers of Europe, i. 132
Lamb killed sacramentally, ii. 314 _sq._
Lame, woman who pretends to be, ii. 254
—— Goat, the, i. 284
Lamentations, pretended, for insects which destroy the crops, ii. 279
_sq._
Lampsacus, coin of, i. 44
Land cleared for cultivation by men, i. 113 _sq._, 117 _sqq._
Landowners, sacrifices offered to spirits of former, i. 228
Lang, Andrew, ii. 4
Language of animals acquired by eating serpent’s flesh, ii. 146;
of birds, how learned, 146
Lanuvium, sacred serpent at, ii. 18
Laos, province of Siam, i. 8
Laphystian Zeus, i. 25
Lapps, the, ii. 257;
their treatment of slain bears, 224
Latuka, ii. 228
_Laws of Manu_, ii. 298
Leaf-clad dancers, i. 95
Leaps, high and long, i. 98;
to make the crops grow tall, ii. 330 _sq._
Learchus, son of Athamas, i. 24
Leeches, charm against, ii. 281
Legends told as charms, i. 102 _sq._
Lenaeon, a Greek month, i. 66
Lengua Indians of Paraguay, i. 309;
of the Gran Chaco, ii. 245
Lenormant, François, i. 40 _n._ 3
Leonard, Major A. G., ii. 155
Leopard’s blood drunk, or its flesh or heart eaten to make the eater
brave, ii. 141 _sq._
Leopards, men inspired by, ii. 213;
revered, 228;
ceremonies observed after the slaughter of, 228 _sqq._;
souls of dead in, 288, 289
Lepers sacrificed, i. 261
Leprosy caused by eating a sacred animal, ii. 25 _sqq._
Lesbos, harvest custom in, i. 280
Letts, swinging among the, i. 107;
their sacrifices to wolves, ii. 284
Lhoosai, the, i. 122
Lhota Naga, the, i. 243
Libanius, on human life before Demeter, i. 43
Libations of beer, ii. 181, 185, 186
Liber, Father, i. 12;
Roman sacrifice of new wine to, ii. 133
License, periods of, ii. 62, 63, 66 _sqq._
Lightning, eating flesh of bullock that has been struck by, ii. 161;
treatment of men, animals, and houses that have been struck by, 161
_Liknites_, epithet of Dionysus, i. 5, 27
Lillooet Indians, ii. 226, 243
Limping on one foot, i. 232, 284
Lindus in Rhodes, ii. 85
Linus or Ailinus, i. 216, 257 _sq._, 263, 264
Lion-chief, ii. 228
Lion’s fat, unguent of, ii. 164
—— flesh or heart eaten to make eater brave, ii. 141, 142 _sq._, 147
Lions, men inspired by, ii. 213;
respected, 228;
souls of dead chiefs in, 287 _sq._
Lir majoran, god of husbandry, ii. 123
Lithuania, ii. 327;
harvest customs in, i. 133, 145, 148;
custom at threshing in, 223 _sq._;
old Lithuanian ceremonies at eating the new corn, ii. 49 _sq._
Little Deer, chief of the deer tribe, ii. 241
—— Wood-woman, i. 232
Lityerses, i. 216 _sqq._;
his relation to Attis, 255 _sq._
Liver of deer eaten, ii. 143;
of dog eaten to acquire bravery, 145;
of serpent eaten to acquire language of animals, 146;
regarded as the seat of the soul, 147 _sq._;
regarded as the seat of valour, 148;
of brave men eaten, 151 _sq._;
of bear, used as medicine, 187 _sq._
_Ljeschie_, Russian wood-spirits, ii. 2
Loaf made of corn of last sheaf, i. 148 _sq._
Loaves in shape of a boar, i. 300;
in human shape, ii. 48 _sq._, 94, 95
Lobeck, Chr. A., ii. 17 _n._ 5, 18 _n._ 1, 20, 21
Lochaber, harvest customs in, i. 157
Locust Apollo, ii. 282
—— Hercules, ii. 282
Locusts, superstitious precautions against, ii. 276, 279, 281
Lombok, rice-spirit in, i. 201
Lothringen (Lorraine), harvest customs in, i. 223, 273, 288
Loucheux-Indians, ii. 265
Louisiana, festival of new corn in, ii. 77 _sqq._;
Indians of, 239, 242
Lous, a Macedonian month, i. 258, 259
Lucian, old scholium on, ii. 17
_Lumi lali_, consecrated rice-field, i. 93, 108
Lunar calendar corrected by observation of the Pleiades, i. 314 _sq._, 315
_sq._
—— months observed by savages, i. 117, 125
—— months of Greek calendar, i. 52 _sq._, 82
—— and solar time, attempts to harmonise, i. 80 _sq._
Luritcha tribe of Australia, ii. 260
Luzon, ii. 124
Lyceum or Place of Wolves at Athens, ii. 283, 284
Lycosura, in Arcadia, ii. 46;
sanctuary of the two goddesses at, 339
Lycurgus, a Thracian king, his death, i. 24, 25
Mabuaig, i. 106, ii. 207
M’Carthy, Sir Charles, ii. 149
Macdonald, Rev. James, ii. 66 _sq._
Maclagan, Dr. R. C., i. 165, 166